General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction

1
Chapter's Glimpse
 Definition of Sociology  Society
 Nature of Sociology  Memorable Facts
 Significance of Sociology  Probable Questions

Definition of Sociology
The word “Sociology” is derived from the Latin word Socius (companion) and the Greek
word Logos (study of), meaning “the study of companionship.” Thus Sociology is a study of
society. So, sociology is that social science, which studies social relations, social institutions (family,
marriage, kinship, educational institutions, political institutions, religious institutions, etc.), social
groups, social change, social control, status and role etc. from a sociological point of view. In other
words, the science that studies the social relations prevailing in the society in a systematic and
systematic manner is called Sociology.
The word Sociology was first used by Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes in 1780, but it is not
authentic. After that in about 1838, the great French philosopher 'Auguste Comt' did. August Comte
is said to be the father of sociology. According to Comt, the main aim of sociology is the discovery
of the nature, natural causes and natural laws of society. The credit for creating sociology as a new
subject goes to August Comte.
Definition of Sociology according to various Scholars
 According to Maclver & Page: "Sociology is the science of social relationship, the network of
social relationship, we call it society".
 According to Max Weber: "Sociology is the science which attempts the interpretative
understanding and social action".
 According to Gillin & Gillin: "Sociology in its broadest sense may be said to be the study of
interactions arising from the association of living beings".
Nature of Sociology

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
The nature of sociology is of social science. Sociology is the study and analysis of social
happenings by adopting the scientific technique; it inculcates the characteristics of objectivity,
verifiability, and certainty, casual relationship, generalization, assumption, empiricism and
universality but its subject matter is human behaviour which is variable. Due to this variability,
processes like verifiability, assumption, objective study, etc. are adopted, which is a difficult process.
It means it is a social science and not a physical science. It is categorical and not a normative science.
Sociology and Political Science
 Sociology is devoted to the study of all aspects of society, while the conventional political
science is restricted mainly to the study of power as embodied in formal organization.
 Sociology stresses the interrelationships between sets of institutions including government,
whereas political science tends to turn attention towards the processes within the government.
Sociology and History
 History studies concrete detail while the sociologist is more likely to abstract form concrete
reality, categorize and generalize.
 Today however history is far more sociological and social history is the stuff of history. It looks
at social customs and important institutions other than the acts of rulers, wars and monarchy.
Sociology and Anthropology
 Anthropology in most countries incorporates archaeology, physical anthropology, cultural
history, many branches of linguistics and the study of all aspects of life in “simple societies”.
 Sociology is deemed to be the study of modern, complex societies while social anthropology was
deemed to be the study of simple societies.
Sociology and Psychology
 Psychology is often defined as the science of behaviour. It involves itself primarily with the
individual.
 Social psychology, which serves as a bridge between psychology and sociology, maintains a
primary interest in the individual but concerns itself with the way in which the individual behaves
in social groups, collectively with other individuals.
Sociology and Economics
 The classical economic approach dealt almost exclusively with the interrelations of pure
economic variables: the relations of price, demand and supply; money flows; output and input
ratios, and the like.
 Sociology unlike economics usually does not provide technical solutions. But it encourages a
questioning and critical perspective. This helps questioning of basic assumptions. And thereby
facilitates a discussion of not just the technical means towards a given goal, but also about the
social desirability of a goal itself. Recent trends have seen a resurgence of economic sociology
perhaps because of both this wider and critical perspective of sociology.
Significance of Sociology
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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
1. Sociology studies society in a Scientific way: Before the emergence of sociology there was no
systematic and scientific attempt to study human society with all its complexities. Sociology has
made it possible to study society in a scientific manner. This scientific knowledge about human
society is needed in order to achieve progress in various fields.
2. Sociology throws more light on the social nature of man: Sociology delves deep into the social
nature of man. It tells us why man is a social animal, why he lives in a group, communities and
societies. It examines the relationship between individual and society, the impact of society on
man and other matters.

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
3. Sociology increases the power of social action: The science of society assists an individual to
understand himself, his capacities, talents and limitations. It enables him to adjust himself to
the environment. Knowledge of society, social groups, social institutions, associations, their
functions etc. helps us to lead an effective social life.
4. Sociology studies role of the institutions in the development of the individuals: It is through
sociology that scientific study of the great social institutions and the relation of the individual to
each is being made. The home and family, the school and education, the church and religion, the
state and government, industry and work, the community and association, these are institutions
through which society functions. Sociology studies these institutions and their role in the
development of the individual and suggests suitable measures for strengthening them with a view
to enable them to serve the individual better.
5. Study of sociology is indispensable for understanding and planning of society: Society is a
complex phenomenon with a multitude of intricacies. It is impossible to understand and solve its
numerous problems without support of sociology. It is rightly said that we cannot understand and
mend society without any knowledge of its mechanism and construction. Without the
investigation carried out by sociology no real effective social planning would be possible. It helps
us to determine the most efficient means for reaching the goals agreed upon. A certain amount of
knowledge about society is necessary before any social policies can be carried out.
6. Sociology is of great importance in the solution of social problems: The present world is
suffering from many problems that can be solved through scientific study of the society. It is the
task of sociology to study the social problems through the methods of scientific research and to
find out solution to them. The scientific study of human affairs will ultimately provide the body
of knowledge and principles that will enable us to control the conditions of social life and
improve them.
7. Sociology has changed our outlook with regard to the problems of crime: It is through the
study of sociology that our whole outlook on various aspects of crime has changed. The criminals
are now treated as human beings suffering from mental deficiencies and efforts are accordingly
made to rehabilitate them as useful members of the society.
8. Study of society has helped governments to promote the welfare of the tribal and
marginalized communities: The tribal and marginalized communities face many socio-
economic and cultural problems. Studies conducted by sociologists and anthropologists regarding
tribal societies and problems have helped governments in undertaking social welfare measures
and programmes for the welfare purposes.

Society
According to sociologists, a Society is a group of people with common territory, interaction, and
culture. Social Groups consist of two or more people who interact and identify with one another.

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who
share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such
relationships among its constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often
exhibits stratification or dominance patterns in sub-groups.
Different Scholars defined Society in following ways:
 Maclver and Page, defined “society as a web of relations, a complex system of usages and
procedures, of authority and mutual aid of many groupings and divisions, of control of human
behaviour and of liberties”.
 Morris Ginsberg defined society as “a collection of individuals united by certain relations or
mode of behavior which mark them off from others who do not enter into these relations or who
differ from them in behavior”.
 Wright defined society as “society is not only a group of peoples; it is a system of interpersonal
relationship of peoples living in the society”.
Characteristics of Society
 Society is a system of relations, not a group of humans: Generally a group of humans is called
as society. The prevalence of female-society and male-society is in this sense. For the
development of society (means for the development of system of relation), it is necessary for the
human being to exist and their interactions are necessary, the group formed in this interaction is
not called as society. Society is a system of relations found in between them.
 Society is Abstract: Abstract means, that which has no physical and solid existence. Since,
Society is a system of relations and relations are abstract, therefore society is also abstract.
 Equality and Diversity is found in Society: The equality found in humans and the interactions
arising out of them give rise to society. It does not mean that, society do not have inequality or
diversity. Truth is that, inequalities are also reflected along with equalities in every society.
 Cooperation and Conflict is found in Society: Society which means a System of relations,
arises out as a result of interaction of humans. Human interactions can be divided into two parts-
Supportive Interactions and Unsupportive Interactions.We cannot think of a society, in which
there is support and only support, between its members. The feeling of struggle or conflict is
necessarily found in any form, in every society whether it is very small or simple.
 Mutual Awareness:Awareness is found among the members of society about each other’s
existence, needs, limitations, similarities, inequalities, imperatives of cooperation, work practices
and customs, groups and institutions etc.
 Society is a sector of Human Interactions: Every person is born, lives and dies in Society. He
gains power and he also gets socialized. His position/condition and role is also fixed in the
society, in this manner all his works and interactions are done in the society itself.
 Mutual Dependence: No human being can fulfill all his needs by being selfishly independent
from other. In fact, due to mutual dependence, individuals come in contact with each other and
act together, due to which relationship develops.
 Society is a Complex System: Society does not develop through an individual or due to some
relations; all types of relations of human are included in society. Inequality along with equality

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
and conflict along with cooperation exists in the society. Society, itself is abstract, but it has
many groups and sub groups. Due to all of these factors the structure of society become complex.
 Society is Changeable: Society is root conscious. Due changes in geographical conditions,
demographic factors, technological factor, economic factors, cultural factor, etc. any society
keeps on changing without staying in the same condition all the time.
 Society is not Universally Uniform: Different-different societies are found in different-different
countries. From this point of view, it is true that society is universal, but there are differences in
customs and processes, in the form of authority and mutual cooperation, in the composition and
functions of groups and sub-groups, in the control system, in the nature of individual freedom, in
relations and interaction,thus, societies are also different in different places.
Characteristics of Society
Society is a system of relations, not a group of humans

Society is Abstract

Equality and Diversity is found in Society

Cooperation and Conflict is found in Society

Mutual Awareness

Society is a sector of Human Interactions

Mutual Dependence

Society is a Complex System

Society is Changeable

Society is not Universally Uniform

Elements of Society
Maclver and Page have given following elements/basis of the society-

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
Elements of Society
Customs
Systems of Work/Institutions
Rights
Mutual Cooperation
Groups and Sub-groups
Control on Human Behaviour
Freedom

 Customs: Practices means the accepted ways of society. Practices work as a foundation in
building the society and they have an important role in maintaining the societal system. There are
different ways related to societal life, eating, drinking, religion caste, marriage, education etc.
 Systems of Work/Institutions:Systems that works collectively are called as Institutions. People
belonging to a particular society serve different kinds of purposes or needs from them.All the
actions of the individuals belonging to a society are generally adapted to and controlled by
working systems or institutions. Each society has its own special systems of work/institutions and
they are different from the functioning of other societies.
 Rights:Rights are also a major element of society. It is also known as power or authority. There
is a definite system of authority in all areas of society-such as the government in the state, the
head in the village and the father in the house, etc. At the difference levels, they have the right to
keep the behaviour of the person in accordance with the social norms and discipline and punish
any person if he does not do so.
 Mutual Cooperation: Mutual Cooperation is also an element or base of the society. A society
cannot be imagined unless individuals co-operate with each other to fulfill their needs and
objectives. Therefore, the spirit of mutual co-operation is special for the society.
 Groups and Sub-groups:There are many groups and sub-groups found in the society, such a
schools, colleges, sports groups, families, neighborhoods’, village communities, castes, etc. and
they form a society and contribute to fulfill the needs of the individuals.
 Control on Human Behaviour- Control over human behavior is also a main element of society.
Society is in the form of a complex system of social relations and in order to properly operate this
system, it is necessary to control human behavior, because in the absence of this, a situation of
crime, disorder and disturbance arises in the society due to which society disintegrates.
 Freedom- Society also arranges independence of its members. So that the members can develop
new customs as required, the society gets stronger as time changes. This is why society provides
freedom to members.
Types of Society
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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
Depending on the environmental, population and technological differences, societies have also been
different types. This variation is reflected in their organization, size, interpretation of stratification
and division of labour, economic development, social development, family structure, political
organization, culture etc. Following are the types of society according to different sociologists:
Types of Society according to Spencer
Spencer has described the following four types of society-
1. Simple Society:The simple society is small in size. The scope of relationships is also limited in
these societies. Specialization of labour is not found. A single person performs many types of
tasks. Mixed forms of religion and magic appear in simple societies. All their actions are
influenced by religion and magic. The Political-economical control system is also simple and
direct, and different posts are also hereditary. Spencer called the tribal society as simple society.
2. Mixed Society: Composite form of the simple and modern society is called as Mixed Society.
We can also call these societies moving towards modernization. There are two types of actions in
these societies. On the one hand, an attempt is made to maintain traditions and prevent changes;
on the other hand, attempt has been made to bring changes in society. Conservatives are more
successful than trying to bring about change. We also called it as a transitional society.
Immediate change did not happen in this society.
3. Dual Mixed Society: This society is a society situated next to the mixed society at the level of
civilization. In this society, the effect of changes is more visible in the place of tradition. Perhaps
this is why this society is called the Spencer double mixed society.
4. Triple Mixed Society- Modern civilized society is called Spencer Triple Mixed Society. The
characteristics of this society are more population, systematic division of labour and
specialization, complex political system, mobility, more opportunities for changes and
innovation.

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction

Types of Society

1. A
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haft

According to According (Communit

1. Simpleto According to
Othery)Types
Spencer Durkheim
Society Karl Marx
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Capitalist Society
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10.
Industrial
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11.Post-
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Types of Society according to Durkheim
Durkheim has considered tradition and progressiveness as the basis for determining the types of
society. He probably classified the tribal societies. According to him, the following four types of
society are-
1. Simple Society: According to Durkheim, simple society is the smallest society. It is small in
size. No division is found in it. It is a self governing society. This can be considered a finite
group of congruent members. Tribal kabila can also be an example of this.
2. Simple Multisectional Society: Simple Multisectional society consists of many simple societies.
When many divisions are found in a limited place on the basis of the group, gotra, family or sub-
caste, then the society found in the local community with such diversity will be a simple
multisectional society. Durkheim considers these tribes to be the best examples of simple
multisectional society on the basis of the fraternal system found in some tribes.

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
3. Mixed Multisectional Society: When a large group is formed by consisting of several groups
with different characteristics, the society related to such group is called Mixed Multisectional
Society. In this society, many blocks or divisions are found on the basis of gotras, material
means, etc. All tribal societies are mixed multisectional society.
4. Dual Mixed Multisectional Society: When several Mixed Multisectional societies live together
in areas adjacent to each other in a region, then such a specific regional society is called as a dual
mixed multisectional society. According to him, cities, states, tribes with large populations (e.g.
Gond, Kol, Bhil, Korku etc) are its examples.
Types of Society According to Karl Marx
1. Primitive Society: Marx from primitive society means the society in which division of labour is
not found. Individuals live through food storage or hunting. People are unfamiliar with capital.
The exchange system is prevalent. Some tribes are presently living in this condition.
2. Asiatic Society: Marx actually calls the agricultural society as Asiatic society. According to
him, Asiatic society is a society whose economic system is predominantly agricultural. This
society is divided in the small-small agriculture production units. Hereditary power and
bureaucracy are important in this society.
3. Feudalistic Society: Feudalistic Society is called Economic Monopolistic Society. Such
societies are economically stable societies. These societies have the right to political sovereignty
or a few individuals with patronage over the land.
4. Capitalist Society: Marx refers capitalist society as the society which has developed as a result
of mechanized industries i.e. industrialization. In these societies, by producing large production
with the help of machines, the capitalists get incentives and able to reap maximum benefits.
These societies are called Modern Developed Societies. Specializations of labour and complex
political systems are found in these societies.
5. Communist Society- A revolution that takes place to remove the flaws of the capitalist society
gives birth to a communist society. In a communist society, the means of production do not
belong to the individual but to the society.
Other types/dimensions of Society
1. A Society: It is a group of individuals. ‘A Society’ means a group of people who are partners
in normal life. Like- Indian Society, Muslim Society. There members participate consciously
in normal activities. It is different from other groups in the society in terms of social relations,
behaviour, and way of life or culture.
Difference between ‘Society’ and ‘A Society’
 Society is a system of social relations, while ‘A Society’ is a group of individuals.
 Society is intangible, while ‘a society’ is tangible.
 Society is a complex system, while ‘one society’ is a simple organization.
 Society does not have a fixed geographical area, whereas ‘a society’ has a fixed
geographical area.
 Responsibility in society is unlimited, while in ‘a society’ it is limited.
 Society is larger than ‘one society’ in terms of size.

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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
 Behavioral variation occurs in society, while equality is found in ‘a society’.
2. Gemeinschaft (Community): Gemeinschaft societies are the pre-industrial society. A high
degree of social unity and commitment to society is found in these societies. There is a
consensus among the members of these societies about the vales and standards of their
society. The social relations are formed naturally in them.
3. Gesellschaft (Society):In this, social relations are established artificially i.e. individuals build
social relations inspired by the possibility of mutual benefit and sense of exchange and this is
the relationship that binds them. Members of these societies do not have a consensus about
their social values and standards. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft are the classification given
by French Sociologists Ferdinand Tonnies.
4. Closed Society: Traditional societies that discourage innovation, change, personal
freedom, mobility, etc and the emphasis is one continuance of traditions is called closed
societies. Membership of this society remains closed to any other person.
5. Root Society: It means a society in which education is not promoted and individuals are
superstitious and ignorant. The members of such a society are indolent. The economy is
extremely backward. In such societies, the situation of poverty and pity is more prevalent.
6. Traditional Society: Traditional Society is a society in which religion; morality, practice,
customs, tradition, luck and conservation have special system. In this, religion has a great
influence in different areas of life religion, morality, practice; stereotypes have special
importance in controlling the behaviour of individuals and maintaining social control. The
status of women in this society is low. The importance of science in this society is low, and
they are underdeveloped from industrial point of view and division of labour and
specialization is negligible in this society.
7. Free Society: Free Society means ‘Open Society’. In this, special importance is given to
wealth, education, personal qualities and abilities etc. and the importance of religion,
morality, practice, tradition, etc. is less. Open society is progressive and relatively more
variable. The basis of social stratification in a open society is individual’s abilities and
qualities. In such a society, formal means of social control-law, police, administration court,
etc. are more important.
8. Civilized Society: Those societies which are quite large in terms of population, region and
social contracts and whose technology and economy are very developed. There is
considerable specialization of social work in them and literature, art and science have
special importance. Secondary relationships and groups predominate in a civilized
society. This society is called as complex society.
9. Peasant Society: In peasant society, ‘peasant’ is considered as the person who produces on
his own land (farm) for consumption through private and family labour. In this society,
human became permanently established at one place and started agricultural work to earn his
living. This society has come into existence along with the animal husbandry society.

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10. Industrial Society: Societies which are quite large in terms of area, population and periphery
of social assets and whose technology and economy are of a very developed type and in
which considerable specialization is found in terms of social work are called industrial
societies. In such societies, Personal freedom, etc. have special importance and secular values
are dominant in place of religion and there is a lack of religious orthodoxy in such societies.
This society came into existence as a result of the industrial revolution in England in the
mid 18th century.
11. Post-Industrial Society: In such society technology is used more and more. Most of the
tasks that were done by human brain are done by computer. The contribution of humans in
the production work is less in this society. Production work is done by self-propelled
machines. In such societies, economy and technology are highly developed.
Social Stratification: Social stratification is only one form of social inequality. It is socially
created. Social stratification refers to the existence of social groups which are ranked one
above the other, usually in terms of amount of wealth, power and prestige their members
possess. It refers to the division of society into permanent groups or categories on the basis of
relationship of superiority and subordination.
Memorable Facts
Sociology  It is helpful in spreading the feeling of co-
existence in the society.
 The word sociology originated from the
 Contributes to the study of traditions.
word socius and logos.
 Supporting National unity.
 The science that studies social relations
 Helpful in solving social problems.
prevalent in the society in a systematic
way is called sociology. Society
 Thus, sociology literacy means study of  Society is a complex system of social
society or science of society. practices and rights and mutual assistance,
Causes of considering Sociology as of many groups and departments, of
human behaviour, of controls and
Science
freedoms.
 Knowledge is obtained on the basis of
 It is a network of social relations and it
scientific method.
always keeps changing.
 It tries to find out the hidden reasons
behind the incidents. Elements of Society
 Customs
Significance of Sociology
 Work Systems/Institutions
 It is helpful in imparting scientific
 Rights
knowledge about the entire human society.
 Mutual Cooperation
 It is helpful in adapting to new social
 Group and Sub-groups
situations.
 Control on Human Behaviour
 Sociology has contributed significantly in
 Freedom
understanding human society and in
providing scientific form to studies related Characteristics of Society
to society.
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General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
 Society is a system of relations, not a A Society
group of human beings.
 It is a group of individuals.
 Cooperation and conflict are found in the
 It means a group of people who are
society.
partners in normal life such as- Indian
 Society is a complex society.
society, Muslim society.
 Society is changeable.
 Its members participate consciously in
 Society is not universally uniform.
common activities.
 Mutual awareness in the field of human
 It is different from groups coming under
interactions, mutual dependence.
other societies in terms of social relations,
Types of Society behaviour, life-style or culture.
According to Spencer Gemeinschaft (Community)
 Simple Society  Gemeinschaft society was a society before
 Mixed Society industrialization.
 Dual mixed Society  In these societies, high level of social
 Triple Mixed Society unity and commitment to society is found.
According to Durkheim  There is a consensus among the members
 Simple Society of these societies about the values and
 Simple Multi-sectional Society standards of their society-social relations
 Mixed Multi-sectional Society are formed naturally in them.
 Double mixed multi-sectional society.  They make social relations naturally.
According to Karl Marx Gesellschaft (Society)
 Primitive Society  In this, social relations are established
 Asiatic Society artificially.
 Feudalistic Society  Individuals build social relationships
 Capitalistic Society inspired by the possibility of mutual
 Developed Society benefit and a sense of exchange and this is
 Communist Society the bond that binds them.
Other types/dimensions of Society  Members of these societies do not have a
 A Society consensus about their social and standards.
 Gemeinschaft (Community) Closed Society
 Gesellschaft (Society)  Such Traditional societies, in which
 Closed Society innovation, change, personal freedom,
 Root Society mobility, etc. are discouraged and the
 Traditional Society emphasis is on subsistence of traditions,
 Free Society called closed societies.
 Civilized Society  Membership of this society remains closed
 Peasant Society to any other person.
 Industrial society Traditional Society
 Post-Industrial Society

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 Traditional society is a society whose They affect. In such a situation, it is more
religion, morality, practice, customs, difficult to conduct objective study in
tradition, luck and conservatism have sociology than in natural sciences. So it is
special importance in the social system. clear that sociology is a social science and not
 Religion is found in various areas of life. a natural science.
 Traditions, religious and spiritual elements Fraternal
predominate in determining the status and  For some reason many gotras are
role of individuals in their beliefs, combined together as a group, so the
attitudes, behaviour. group formed in this way is called
Free Society fraternal.
 Free Society means ‘Open Society’. Peasant Society
 In this, special importance is given to  In this society, human became
money, education, personal, qualities and permanently established at one place and
abilities etc. and there is less importance started doing agricultural work to earn his
of religion, mortality, tradition, etc. living.
 Free society is progressive and relatively  This society has come into existence along
more variable. with the cattle-rearing society.
 In a free society, social stratification is
Industrial Society
based on individual abilities or qualities
 In such society, formal means of social  Society which is quite large in terms of
control-law, police, administration, court, area, population and periphery of social
etc are more important. contracts and whose technology and
economy are very developed and which
Explain Sociology is a Social Science
considerable specialization is found in
and not a Natural Science. terms of social work is called industrial
Sociology is a social science, not a natural society.
science. The reason for this is that the subject  In such society, personal freedom etc. has
matter of sociology is man and his social special importance and secular values are
behavior and the behavior of man is variable, dominant in place of religion.
so there are the following limitations of the  This society came into existence as a
science of sociology- result of the industrial revolution in
Verification and predictability in England in the middle of the 18th century.
sociology are more difficult than in natural Post-Industrial Society
sciences.
 In such a society, technology is highly
Natural scientists do not have any
used; production work is done by self-
attachment, love, attachment, jealousy, malice,
propelled machines.
attachment or hatred etc. from their study
 Human contribution to the production
material, but if a sociologist studies other
related work of such society is very less.
human beings like himself, then there may be
 Economy and Technology are highly
prejudices in his mind which make his study.
developed in such society.

NIRMAN IAS GWALIOR 14 By SANJAY GUPTA

General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
Probable Questions
Very Short Questions
 Sociology.
 Nature of Sociology.
 Theoretical Importance of Sociology.
 Practical Importance of Sociology.
 What is Society?
 Fraternal.
 Essential elements for Society.
 A Society.
 Society is abstract, explain.
 Write two characteristics of Society.
 Difference between A society and Society.
 Gemeinschaft.
 Gesellschaft.
 Traditional Society.
 Free Society.
 Capitalist Society.
 Industrial Society.
 Peasant Society.
 Communist Society.
 Mixed Society.
 Asiatic Society.
 Give an example of ‘A Society’. (MPPSC-2016)
Short Questions
 Write a definition explaining the nature of Sociology.
 Write importance of Sociology.
 Sociology and Economics.
 Sociology and Political Science.
 Write the characteristics of Society.
 Confirm the statement that both cooperation and conflict are found in the society.
 Write main characteristics of Feudalistic Society according to Marx.
 Explain the difference between society and a Society.
 Characteristics of Free Society.
 Characteristics of Primitive Society.
 Sociology is a Social Science, not a natural science. Explain.
 Social Stratification. (UPPCS Mains Sociology Optional)
Long Questions

NIRMAN IAS GWALIOR 15 By SANJAY GUPTA

General Studies Paper-2 Sociology: An Introduction
 Write the definitions of Sociology and highlight its importance.
 What is a Society? Write its characteristics.
 Describe the characteristics of some major Societies.
 Describe some of the major types of Society.
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NIRMAN IAS GWALIOR 16 By SANJAY GUPTA