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Helping Material For Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Helping Material for Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

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hafsamujahid2005
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28 views2 pages

Helping Material For Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Helping Material for Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Uploaded by

hafsamujahid2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Helping Material for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine

Learning (ML)

1. Introduction to AI and ML
Artificial Intelligence (AI): The branch of computer science focused on building smart
machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Machine Learning (ML): A subset of AI that gives systems the ability to learn and improve
from experience without being explicitly programmed. ML focuses on developing algorithms
that can detect patterns and make decisions with minimal human intervention.

2. AI Categories
1. Narrow AI (Weak AI): Specialized for specific tasks like voice assistants,
recommendation systems, or facial recognition.
2. General AI (Strong AI): Hypothetical machines with intelligence similar to humans,
capable of learning and understanding any cognitive task.

3. Types of Machine Learning


1. Supervised Learning: Algorithms learn from labeled data (input-output pairs). The model
predicts outputs for new data based on historical examples.
Examples: Email spam detection, credit scoring.
2. Unsupervised Learning: Algorithms analyze unlabeled data to discover hidden patterns or
structures (e.g., clustering, association).
Examples: Customer segmentation, market basket analysis.
3. Reinforcement Learning: Algorithms learn through interactions with an environment,
receiving feedback through rewards or penalties.
Examples: Game-playing bots (like AlphaGo), robotic navigation.

4. AI and ML Applications
Healthcare: AI is used in disease diagnosis, personalized treatment recommendations, drug
discovery, and medical imaging.
Finance: AI-driven systems help with fraud detection, credit scoring, algorithmic trading,
and risk assessment.
Transportation: AI powers autonomous vehicles, optimizing routes, and enhancing logistics.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): AI-based NLP applications include chatbots, virtual
assistants, and sentiment analysis.
Retail: Personalized recommendations, demand forecasting, and inventory management.

5. Machine Learning Workflow


1. Data Collection: Gathering relevant data to train the model.
2. Data Preprocessing: Cleaning and transforming data (e.g., handling missing values,
normalizing, encoding categorical variables).
3. Model Selection: Choosing an appropriate algorithm based on the problem type
(classification, regression, clustering).
4. Model Training: Feeding data to the model and adjusting parameters to minimize error.
5. Model Evaluation: Assessing the model's performance using metrics like accuracy,
precision, recall, and F1 score.
6. Model Deployment: Integrating the trained model into real-world applications to make
predictions or decisions.

6. Ethics in AI
1. Bias and Fairness: AI systems can inherit biases present in the training data, leading to
unfair or discriminatory outcomes.
2. Transparency and Explainability: Understanding how AI models make decisions is
crucial, especially in critical areas like healthcare and finance.
3. Data Privacy: AI systems often require access to large datasets, raising concerns about the
misuse or unauthorized sharing of sensitive information.
4. Job Displacement: Automation through AI is impacting the workforce by replacing
certain jobs while creating new ones in AI development and management.

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