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(B I Vì) (B I Vì)

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18 views14 pages

(B I Vì) (B I Vì)

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duongswag1106
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CÔNG THỨC VIẾT LẠI CÂU HAY GẶP

MODEL 1
Because Because of
Since (bởi vì) + S + V … As a result of (bởi vì) +
Noun/ Noun phrase/ Ving
As Due to
Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.
 Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her.
Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished.
 As he behaved badly, he must be punished.
MODEL 2
Although Despite
Though (mặc dù) + S + V … (mặc dù) + Noun/
Noun phrase/ Ving
Even though In spite of
Ex: Althogh it rains, we go to school on time.
 Despite/ In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons.
 Though it was very noisy, we continued to study our lessons.
MODEL 3
SO … THAT SUCH … THAT

Ex: The film was so good that I saw it three times.


 It was such a good film that I saw it three times.
It is such a bad book that nobody reads it
 This book is so bad that nobody reads it.
MODEL 4
TOO … + to-infinitive ENOUGH … + to-
infinitive

Ex: Mary is too young to get married


 Mary isn’t old enough to get married.
The tea was not cool enough for her to drink.
 The tea was too hot for her to drink.
MODEL 5
SO … THAT / SUCH … THAT TOO … + to-infinitive / ENOUGH …
+ to+infinotive

Ex:This raincoat is so small that she can’t wear it.


 This raincoat is too small for her to wear.
It was such an interesting novel that I real it many times
 The novel was interesting enough for me to read many times.
The box was too heavy for the child to carry.
 It was such a heavy box that the child couldn’t carry it.
This question is easy enough for us to answer.
 This question is so easy that we can answer.
MODEL 6
To-infinitive … + be + Adj/N S + V + it + Adj/N + to-infinitive
Ex: To live on may salary must be hard
 I find it hard to live on my salary
MODEL 7 (câu điều kiện)
Hiện tại Loại 2 (Quá khứ đơn)
Câu ở IF
Quá khứ Loại 3 (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
Note: Clause1 + so + clause2  If + clause1 …, clasue2.
Clasue1 + because + clause2  If + clause2 …, clause1
Ex: He can’t do the test because it is too difficult
 If the test weren’t too difficult, he could do it.
I didn’t eat anything so I was hungry
 I wouldn’t have been hungry if I had eaten something.
MODEL 8
IF … not UNLESS … Note: Không được thay đổi
loại điều kiện
chỉ thay đổi loại điều đã
cho
Ex: Unless it rains, we will go to the movies. (loại 1)
 If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies. (loại 1)
If they didn’t attend class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson.
(loại 2)
 Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn’t understand the
lesson. (loại 2)
MODEL 9
S + V(present perfect) … + time It is + time … + since … + V(past)

Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years.
 It is five years since Tom and Mary were married.
I haven’t seen my father for one month
 It’t one month since I last saw my father.
MODEL 10 (câu ao ước)
Tương lai would + V1
Câu ở Hiện tại Wish quá khứ đơn
Quá khứ Quá khứ hoàn thành
Ex: She won’t visit me again.  I wish she would visit me again.
My wife can’t speak French.  I wish my wife could speak French.
What a pity you failed in your driving test.  I wish you hadn’t failed in your
driving test.
MODEL 11
S + have/has not V3/ed … since/for time SV S + last + V2/ed + … + time
ago/in time/when … The last time S
V2/ed … was time ago/in time/when
Ex: I haven’t heard him since August.  The last time I heard him was in
August.
I haven’t seen him since I was a student.  I last saw him when I was a
student.
MODEL 12
S + V(past)… ago S + have/has + been + V ing + since
(for) …

Ex: He started working for this factory a year ago.


 He has been working for this factory for a year.
 He has been working for this factory since last year.
MODEL 13
S + V + … + time It take/took + (Object) + time +
to-infinitive …

Ex: She typed the letter in 20 minutes.  It took her 20 minutes to type the
letter.
I walked to my office in 10 minuted.  It took me 10 minutes to walk to
my office.
MODEL 14
S + didn’t + V1 … until … It was not until … that …
(mãi cho đến khi …)
Ex: Tom didn’t begin to read until he was eight.
 It was not until Tom was eight that he began to read.
MODEL 15 (thể truyền khiển)
have + V1
Câu chủ động S+ Object1
Object2
get + to-infinitive
have
Câu bị động S+ + Object + V3/ed
get
Ex:
I will have Tome wash the car.  I will have the car washed.
I will get tom to wash the car.  I will get the car washed.
MODEL 16 (Câu bị động)
S + V+ object … S + be + V3/ed … + (by) …
Ex: The police is questioning him.  He is being questioned by the police.
MODEL 17
SO SÁNH HƠN SO SÁNH NHẤT
Ex: My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known.
 I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother.
MODEL 18
Câu chủ động People/ They + V1 (consider/ know/ believe/ say/ …) + …
that + S + V2 + …
Câu bị động It + is/ was + V3/ed (của V1) + that + S + V2 + …
to infinitive … (khi V2 ở hiện tại
hoặc tương lai)
S + be + V3/ed (của V1) +
to have + V3/ed … (khi V2 ở quá khứ)
Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad.
 It is thought that the owner of the house is abroad.
 The owner of the house is thought to be abroad.
People thought that he had died in battle.
 It was thought that he had died in battle.
 He was thought to have died in battle.
MODEL 19
SO SÁNH BẰNG SO SÁNH HƠN
Ex: Susan isn’t as good at chemistry as Sarah.  Sarah is better at chemistry
than Susan.
MODEL 20
Clause1 + Clause2 SO SÁNH KÉP
Ex: As he grows older, he becomes increasingly cheerful.  The older he grows,
the more cheerful he becomes.
It take sb + time + to V1 sth  sb spend + time Ving sth
Ex: It took her 3 hours to do her homework  She spent 3 hours doing her
homework.
Understand  to be aware of
Ex: Do you understand the lesson?  Are you aware of the lesson?
To be interesting in = fond of = keen on = like
Ex: She likes English.  She is interesting in English.
Succeed in Ving sth  manage to V1 sth
Ex: We succeed in invented television  We managed to invent television.
Prefer sb to V1 sth  Would rather sb + V2 sth (muốn)
Ex: I prefers you not to smoke here  I’d rather you not smoked here.
Prefer Ving sth to Ving sth would rather do sth than V1 sth
like Ving sth better than Ving sth
Ex: She prefers staying at home to going out  She would rather stay at home
than go out
As soon as + S + V2/ed, S + V2/ed  Hardly + had + S + V 3/ed + when + S
+ V2/ed
 No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + than + S + V2/ed
Ex: As soon as I left the house, he appeared.
 Hardly had I left the house when he appeared. (mđề sau as soon as là
mđề sau when và than)
Not … any more  No longer + auxiliary + S + V
 S + no more + V
Ex: I don’t live in the countryside.  No longer do I live in the countryside.
 I no more live in the countryside.
To be not worth doing sth  There is no point in doing sth (không đáng, vô
ích)
Ex: It is not worth making him get up early.  There is no point in making him get
up early.
It seems that + S + V  It is likely that + S + V
 It look as if/ though (dường như rằng)
Ex: It seems that he will come late
 It is likely that he will come late = He is likely to come late.
 It look as if he will come late.
S + often + V  S + be + accustomed to Ving
 S + be/ get + used to Ving
Ex: Lan often cried when she meets with difficulties.  Lan is used to crying when
she meets difficulties.
This is the first time + S + have/ has + V3/ed  S + be + not used to Ving
Ex: This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the
movie
 I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.
S + V + because + S + V  S + V + to V
Ex: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination.
 She studies hard to pass the final examination.
S + V + not only … + but aslo  S + V + both … and …
Ex: HE translated fast and correctly  He translated not only fast but aslo
correctly.
S + ask/ want + O + to V  S + get + O + to V sth = S + have + O + V sth
Ex: She asks him to spend more time with her.  She have him spend more time
with her.
S + V + no + N  S + be + N-less
Ex: She always speaks no care.  She is always caresless about her words.
S + be + adj + …  S + V + adv
Ex: My student are very good at maths.  My stduents study maths well.
It + be + adj + …  What + a/an + adj + N
Ex: It was an interesting film.  What an interesting film.
S + V + adv  How + adj + S + be …

S + V + too + adj/adv + (for O) + to V0 …


Ex: The exercise was too eay for him to do in ten minutes.
He looks too passive to do these social activities.
IN CASE OF + Ving hoặc N (trong trường hợp/ phòng khi)
IN CASE + S + V + …
Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
Take an umbrella with you in case of the rains.
In case of not seeing Nam, bring this gift to his parents.
CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI
S + Vkk + …, Vkk + n’t + S ?
S + Vkk + not …, Vkk + S ?
S + Vs/es + …, doesn’t + S ?
S + V1 + …, don’t + S ?
S + V2/ed + …, didn’t + S ?
I am + …, aren’t I?
I am + …, am not I?
I am not + …, am I?
MUST
Hiện tại: S + must V0 … (có lẽ làm)
Quá khứ: S + must have V3/ed … (có lẽ đã làm)
Bắt buộc: S + must V0 … (phải làm)
Ex: Teacher: “You must do these exercise”
He must change his attitude toward love and marriage
Svật + need + Ving …=v Svật + need to be + V3/ed …
S + have/has vnot/never + V3/ed … before  It/This
v is the first time S +
have/has V3/ed …
S + began/started + to V1/ing … + in time/ when SV/ time ago.
v
 S + have/has + V3/ed or have/has + been + V1/ing + since/for time.
Must: phải (chủ quan)
Have to, has to: phải (khách quan)
Should: nên (chủ quan)
Ought to: nên (khách quan)
Mustn’t: không được phép = cấm (chủ quan)
QUY TẮC ĐÁNH DẤU TRỌNG ÂM
Quy tắc 1: Đa số các động từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm chính được nhấn
vào âm tiết thứ 2
Ex: assist, escape, destroy, repeat, occur, enjoy, collect, accept, relax,
attract, accent, prefer, descend, forget, allow, maintain, begin, consent, …
Except: offer, happen, answer, enter, listen, open, publish, finish, follow,
argue …
Quy tắc 2: Đa số các danh từ và tính từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm chính
nhấn vào âm thứ nhất
Ex: mountain, butcher, carpet, table, window, summer, village, busy, pretty,
birthday, morning, winter, handsome, porter, beggar, …
Except: machine, mistake, result, effect, alone, …
Quy tắc 3: Từ vừa là danh từ vừa là động từ thì danh từ nhấn vào âm 1,
động từ nhấn vào âm 2
Ex: record, object, absent, import, export, present, suspect, increase,
contract, progress, desert, insult, decrease, protest, subject, …
Except: visit, travel, promise, … (âm 1); reply (âm 2)
Quy tắc 4: Danh từ ghép có trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết đầu tiên
Ex: raincoat, sunrise, airport, airline, dishwasher, baseball, film-maker,
bedroom, typewriter, passport, bookshop, high-school, bathroom, hot-dog,
phonebook,…
Quy tắc 5: Tính từ ghép có trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ nhất
Ex: home-sick, air-sick, praise-worthy, trust-worthy, car-sick, water-proof,…
Nhưng nếu là tính từ ghép mà từ đầu tiên là tính từ hoặc trạng từ
hoặc kết thúc là đuôi ed thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm thứ 2
Ex: bad-tempered, short-sighted, well-informed, well-dressed, well-done,
short-handed, ill-treated, …
Quy tắc 6: Động từ ghép có trọng âm nhấn vào âm thứ 2
Ex: understand, overcook, undergo, overcome, undertake, overwork,…
Quy tắc 7: Các tính từ tận cùng là: ant, able, al, ent, ful, less, y thì trọng
âm nhấn vào âm tiết đầu
Ex: distant, comfortable, careful, careless, homeless, absent, current,
competent, rocky, natural,…
Quy tắc 8: Các từ kết thúc là how, what, where thì trọng âm nhấn vào
âm thứ nhất
Ex: anyhow, somehow, anywhere, somewhere, somewhat,…
Quy tắc 9: Các từ kết thúc là đuôi ever thì nhấn vào âm đó
Ex: however, whenever, whomever, whatever, whoever, wherever, …
Quy tắc 10: Các từ có 2 âm tiết tận cùng là er thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm
1.
Ex: father, mother, teacher, builder, flower, enter, dressmaker, film-maker,
suffer, baker,…
Quy tắc 11: Các từ có 2 âm tiết bắt đầu là a thì nhấn vào âm 2.
Ex: about, above, again, alive, ago, asleep, abroad, alone, afraid, achieve,…
Quy tắc 12: Các từ tận cùng là ic, ics, ian, tion, sion thì trọng âm nhấn
âm 2 từ cuối lên
Ex: graphic, statistics, conversation, scientific, dictation, librarian,
mathematician, precision, competition, republic, …
Quy tắc 13: Các từ tận cùng là đuôi cy, ty, phy, ical thì nhấn vào âm 3 từ
cuối lên
Ex: democracy, dependability, photography, geology, critial, geological,…
Quy tắc 14: Các từ có 2 âm tiết kết thúc là đuôi ate thì nhấn âm đầu.
Ex: climate, senate, playmate, private, classmate, nitrate, …
Từ có 3 âm trở lên thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm 3 từ cuối lên.
Ex: congratulate, orginate, communicate, concentrate, regulate, …
Quy tắc 15: Từ tận cùng là các đuôi: ade, ee, ese, eer, eete, oo, oon, aire,
ique thì nhấn vào chính âm này.
Ex: lemonate, colonmate, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, refugee, degree,
guarantee, engineer, bamboo, questionaire, monsoon, kangraroo, cigaratte,
unique, …
Quy tắc 16: Trạng từ kết thúc là đuôi ly thì trọng âm nhấn vào tính từ của
chúng
Ex: carelessly, differently, patiently, easily, difficultly, intelligently, ...
Quy tắc 17: Từ chỉ số lượng: teen nhấn âm cuối, ty nhấn âm đầu
Quy tắc 18: Các đại từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm 2
Ex: myself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourself, herself, themselves,
yourselves, …
Quy tắc 19: Các tiền tố không bao giờ có trọng âm mà thường nhấn trọng
âm thứ 2
Ex: unable, illegal, mistake, unusual, dislike, indefinite, precede, reflect,…
Quy tắc 20: Các hậu tố trọng âm có thể thay theo từ gốc
Ex: protect  protection
Mẹo phát âm
/ o sh z s ch x ge ce
iz/
s/es
/s/ k th t f gh p ph
/z/ Các nguyên âm, phụ câm còn lại
Ngoại lệ: ploughs, cloths, clothes, baths phát âm là /z/
/ d t
id
/
ed
/t/ k ch f x sh ce th ph gh p s
/ Các nguyên âm, phụ câm còn lại
d/
Ngoại lệ: + naked: /id/
+ ploughed, bathed, breathed: /d/
+ hundred: /əd/
THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
- Với động từ thường: Khẳng định: S + Vs/es + O
Phủ định: S + do/ does + not + V
Nghi vấn: Do/does + S + V ?
- Với động từ to be: Khẳng định: S + am/is/are + O
Phủ định: S + am/is/are + not + O
Nghi vấn: Am/is/are + S + O ?
Từ gợi ý: always, every, usually, often, generally, frequently, sometimes,
occasionally, normally, as a rule, seldom, rarely, never, every + time, …
Cách dùng: diễn tả thói quen, chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên, diễn tả một sự
kiện trong tương lai đã lên lịch sẵn (thời gian biểu, lịch chiếu phim, lịch tàu xe,…)
Ví dụ: The earth goes around the Sun.
She usually attends our club.
He never gets up late every morning.
THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN
Khẳng định: S + am/is/are + Ving + O
Phủ định: S + am/is/are + not + Ving + O
Nghi vấn: Am/is/are + S + Ving + O ?
Từ gợi ý: now, rightnow, at present, today, at the moment, at present,
Look!, Be quiet!, Keep silent!
Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra lúc nói, sắp xảy ra (có kế hoạch
thực hiện), thói quen xấu ở hiện tại
Lưu ý: không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác: see, hear,
understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem,
remember, forget,…
Ví dụ: She is looking in the kitchen now.
I am doing my homework at present.
Look! They are approaching us.
He is always behaving impolitely.
THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Khẳng định: S + have/has + V3/ed …
Phủ định: S + have/has + not + V3/ed …
Nghi vấn: Have/has + S + V3/ed …?
Từ gợi ý: just, already, ever, never (giữa have/has với V3/ed)
lately, recently, so far (cuối câu/ mđề)
yet (cuối câu phủ định)
since + mốc thgian
for + khoảng thgian
until now, up to now, till now, once, twice, số lượng + times,
before.
This is the + thứ tự + noun + S + have/has + V3/ed …
This is the + so sánh nhất + noun + S + have/ has + (ever) + V3/ed …
Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ vừa mới chấm dứt
hoặc vẫn còn xảy ra ở hiện tại thậm chí còn xảy ra ở tương lai; diễn tả hành động
lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần.
Lưu ý: S + have/ has + V3/ed … + since + S + V2/ed …
THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
Khẳng định: S + have/has + been + Ving + O
Phủ định: S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + Ving + O
Nghi vấn: Has/have + S + been + Ving + O ?
Từ gợi ý: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this
week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, so far
Cách dùng: Nhấn mạnh khoảng thgian của 1 hành động đã xảy ra trong
quá khứ và tiếp tục tới hiện tại (có thể tiếp diễn trong tương lai)
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
Khẳng định: S + V2/ed …
Phủ định: S + did not + V0 …
Nghi vấn: Did + S + V0 …?
Từ gợi ý: yesterday, ago, last/ in + tgian ở quá khứ, in the past, before
Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt; hành động xen vào hoặc hành
động xảy ra sau trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: We did’nt make any mistakes.
He helped you overcome the problem.
I saw Nam yesterday.
Last night, we talked to him in the hall.
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
Khẳng định: S + were/was + Ving + O
Phủ định: S + were/was + not + Ving + O
Nghi vấn: Were/was + S + Ving + O ?
Từ gợi ý: at + thgian cụ thể; from + thgian + to + thgian ở quá khứ; during
+ thgian ở quá khứ
while; when; as.
Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động đã đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm hoặc một
giai đoạn ở quá khứ.
Ví dụ: Were you doing homework at 7:00 p.m yesterday?
What was Tom doing from 7:00 to 7:45 a.m yesterday?
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH
Khẳng định: S + had + V3/ed …
Phủ định: S + had + not + V3/ed …
Nghi vấn: Had + S + V3/ed …?
Từ gợi ý: after, as soon as, no sooner … than, before, when, as, by the time + S + V2/ed …
Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác
trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: As soon as you had gone out, a thief entered your house.
No sooner had you gone out than a thief entered your house.
THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN
Khẳng định: S + will/shall + V0 + O
Phủ định: S + will/shall + not + V0 + O
Nghi vấn: Will/shall + S + V0 + O ?
will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t
Từ gợi ý: tomorrow, later, next + thgian/ noun, in + thgian ở tương lai, in
the future.
Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra, một dự đoán chung chung, một
lời hứa, một sự giúp đỡ...
Ví dụ: I will come to your party tomorrow.
He won’t come here tomorrow.
In 2100, all creatures will still be alive.
THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH
Khẳng định: S + will/shall + have + V3/ed …
Phủ định: S + will/shall + not + have + V3/ed …
Nghi vấn: Will/shall + S + have + V3/ed … ?
Từ gợi ý: by the time + S V1/s/es …; by + thgian ở tương lai; by next + thgian;
by this time + thgian ở tương lai
Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hoặc một
hành động khác trong tương lai
Ví dụ: By the time you come, they will have left for London.
I will have finished my project by next May.
By this time next week, we won’t have finished our report.

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