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Cell Transport

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12 views34 pages

Cell Transport

Uploaded by

bp8pbstvdx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL TRANSPORT

Types of Transport Across the


Cell Membrane
Simple Diffusion

Requires NO
energy
Molecules
move from
area of HIGH
to LOW
concentration
facility
Diffusion

Diffusion is a
PASSIVE
process which
means no
energy is used
to make the
molecules
move, they
have a natural
KINETIC
ENERGY
Diffusion of Lipids
Diffusion Through a Membrane

Solute moves DOWN the concentration


gradient. (HIGH to LOW)
Osmosis
Diffusion of water
across a
membrane
Moves from HIGH
water concentration
to LOW water
concentration
Water is attracted to
solutes (like salt) so it
will also travel to
areas of low solute
concentration to high
solute concentration.
Diffusion of Water Across A
Membrane

High water concentration Low water concentration


Low solute concentration High solute concentration
Cells in Solutions
Isotonic
A solution whose solute
concentration is the same as
the solute concentration
inside the cell.
Hypotonic
A solution whose solute
concentration is lower than
the solute concentration
inside a cell
Hypertonic
A solution whose solute
concentration is higher than
the solute concentration
inside a cell.
Cell in Isotonic Solution
What is the
direction of water
movement?
The cell is at
EQUILIBRIUM
Water will flow in
both directions
The solute and water outside and inside
concentrations are the
same inside and outside
the cell.
the cell.
Cell in Hypotonic Solution
What is the
direction of water
movement?
The water is going
INSIDE the cell.
Water is attracted to
the solute inside the The solute
cell. concentration is
greater inside the
cell than outside,
therefore water
will flow into the
cell.
Cell in Hypertonic Solution
What is the
direction of water
movement?
The water is GOING
OUT of the cell.

The solute
concentration is
greater outside the
cell, therefore water
will flow outside the
cell.
Cells in Solutions
Cells in Solutions

Isotonic solution hypotonic solution hypertonic


solution

No net movement
of water. EQUAL CYTOLYSIS PLASMOLYSIS
amounts leaving and
entering
Cells in Solutions
cytolysis
Cytolysis in elodea.
The destruction of
a cell.
Cells swell and
burst
Plasmolysis Plasmolysi
The shrinking of a s in
elodea.
cell.
Cells shrink and
Normal
shrivel elodea
plant cell
Cytolysis & Plasmolysis

Cytolysis Plasmolysis
Osmosis in Red Blood Cells

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic


Osmosis in Plant and Animal Cells
Three Forms of Transport Across the
Membrane
Passive Transport Active Transport
Passive Transport: Simple
Diffusion
Simple Diffusion
Doesn’t require
energy
Moves high to low
concentration
Example: Oxygen or
water diffusing into a
cell and carbon
dioxide diffusing out.
Passive Transport: Facilitated
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Does not require energy
Uses transport proteins
to move high to low
concentration
Examples: Glucose or
amino acids moving from
blood into a cell.
Proteins are Crucial to Membrane
Function
Facilitated Diffusion
Molecules will randomly move through the
pores in Channel Proteins.
Types of Transport Proteins
Channel proteins
are embedded in the
cell membrane &
have a pore for
materials to cross
Carrier proteins
can change shape
to move material
from one side of the
membrane to the
other
Facilitated Diffusion
Some carrier
proteins do not
extend through the
membrane.
They bond and drag
molecules through
the lipid bilayer and
release them on the
opposite side.
Active Transport
Active Transport
Requires energy or ATP
Moves materials from
LOW to HIGH
concentration
AGAINST concentration
gradient
Active Transport
Examples:
Pumping Na+
(sodium ions) out
and K+ (potassium
ions) in—against
concentration
gradients.
Called the Sodium-
Potassium Pump.
Active Transport--Exocytosis
Exocytosis
Type of active
transport
Moving things OUT
Molecules are
moved out of the
cell by vesicles that
fuse the with the
plasma membrane.
This is how many
hormones are
secreted and how
nerve cells
communicate with
each other.
Exocytosis

Exocytic vesicle
immediately
after fusion with
plasma
membrane.
Active Transport--Endocytosis
Large molecules move materials into the cell by
one of three forms of endocytosis.
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Active Transport-Pinocytosis

Most common form of endocytosis.


Takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle.
Example of Pinocytosis

Transport across a capillary cell (blue).


Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Some integral proteins have receptors on


their surface to recognize & take in
hormones, cholesterol, etc.
Active Transport--Phagocytosis

Used to engulf large particles such as food,


bacteria, etc. into vesicles
Called “Cell Eating”
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis -
Capture of a
parasite (green) by
Membrane
Extensions of an
Immune System
Cell (orange)
parasit macrophag
e e

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