Grammar
Checklist
A2
Grammar topics
Will vs be going to
Present Continuous for future arrangements
Review of all verb tenses
Modalverbs (have, must, should, might)
Used to, did not use to
Do vs make
Conditionals (1 ,2, future time clauses )
Present and past simple passive
Reported speech
Something, anything, nothing etc
Much many little few some any
Too too much too many enough
Most most of the most
Defining relative clauses -who which that where
So neither -so am I, neither do I etc
No longer, any longer , anymore
However, although, because, so , and time connectors
On time vs in time, at the end vs in the end
Question forms
Subject questions , questions with prepositions
B1-B1+
Grammar topics
Present simple or present continuous
Past simple or present perfect
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
Past tenses
Future Forms
Verb tenses B1
Have to, must, should-obligation, prohibition ...
Can could be able to
Modal verbs of deduction
Usually used to be used to get used to
Had better its time
Would rather would sooner
Phrasal verbs
Conditionals (if wish,1,2,3)
Passive
Indirect speech - reported speech
Gerund or infinitive
Article
Reflexive pronouns
Quantifiers
All,both quantifiers
Another, other, others, the other, the others
Defining and non defining relative clauses
Question tags
Comparative and superlatives adjectives and adverbs
ed-ing adjectives from verbs
Compound adjectives
Clauses of contrast, purpose and reason
Verb and preposition
Adjective and preposition
During for and while
For since from
Present perfect simple or continuous
Past tenses
B1+ Narrative tenses – all past tenses
Future
B1+ Future continuous and future perfect
Verb tense reviews
B1+ Review of all verb tenses B1-B2
Modals, the imperative, etc .
B1+ Needn’t, don’t need to, didn’t need to, needn’t have
B1+ Past modal verbs of deduction
B1+ Likely, unlikely, bound, definitely, probably – probability
B1+ Used to, be used to, get used to
B1+ Would and used to – past habits and repeated actions
B1+ Verbs of the senses: look, sound, feel, etc.
B1+ Do or Make – Which is it?
Conditionals, if, wish, etc.
B1+ Zero and first conditional and future time clauses
B1+ When I do vs When I have done – Future time clauses
B1+ Second and third conditionals – unreal conditionals
B1+ Wishes and regrets – I wish / if only
Passive
B1+ The passive voice – all tenses
B1+ The passive with reporting verbs – It is said that …
B1+ Have something done
-ing and the infinitive
B1+ Gerund or infinitive – verb patterns
B1+ Would rather, would prefer – expressing preference
B1+ Reporting verbs – admit doing, refuse to do, etc.
Articles, nouns, pronouns, and determiners.
B1+ Quantifiers – all, most, both, either, neither, any, no, none
Relative clauses, relative pronouns and adverbs
B1+ Whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, however
Auxiliary verbs
B1+ Auxiliary verbs – different uses
Adjectives and adverbs
B1+ The … the … comparatives
B1+ Participles as adjectives (-ed / -ing adjectives)
B1+ So, such (a), so much, so many
B1+ Adjectives without noun
B1+ Adjective order
B1+ Already, still, yet – What’s the difference?
B1+ Pretty, rather, quite, fairly
Conjunctions and clauses
B1+ Clauses of contrast and purpose
Questions
B1+ Questions – different types
B1+ Indirect questions
Word order
B1+ Position of adverbs and adverb phrase
B2
Past tenses
B2 Narrative tenses, used to, would
Future
B2 Future forms – expressing future time
B2 Other ways to express future – be about to, be due to, etc.
B2 Future in the past
Modals, the imperative, etc .
B2 Modal verbs – permission, obligation, prohibition, necessity
B2 Speculation and deduction – modal verbs and expressions
B2 Verbs of the senses
B2 Get – different meanings
Conditionals, if, wish, etc.
B2 All conditionals – mixed conditionals, alternatives to if, inversion
B2 Mixed conditionals – If I were you, I wouldn’t have done it
B2 Wish, rather, if only, it’s time – unreal uses of past tenses
B2 Unless, even if, provided, as long as, etc. – other expressions in
conditionals
Passive
B2 Distancing – expressions and passive of reporting verbs
B2 Passive verbs with two objects
-ing and the infinitive
B2 Verb + object + infinitive/gerund – verb patterns
B2 Gerunds and infinitives – complex forms
Articles, nouns, pronouns, and determiners.
B2 Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns
B2 Generic pronouns – common-gender pronouns
B2 Compound nouns and possessive forms
B2 Possessive ’s with time expressions – Two hours’ walk
Relative clauses, relative pronouns and adverbs
B2 Relative clauses – defining and non-defining
there and it
B2 There and it – preparatory subjects
Auxiliary verbs
B2 Have – auxiliary or main verb
B2 Ellipsis and substitution
Adjectives and adverbs
B2 Inversion with negative adverbials – adding emphasis
Conjunctions and clauses
B2 Clauses of contrast, purpose, reason and result
B2 Discourse markers – linking words
B2 Participle clauses
Word order
B2 Cleft sentences – adding emphasis
Conditionals (Mixed) Use a mix of If I had studied harder, I
conditional forms to would be working at a
express complex better job now.
situations involving
past, present, and
future.
Inversion after Invert subject and verb Never have I seen such a
negative adverbs after negative adverbs beautiful sunset.
for emphasis or
formality.
Relative clauses Reduce relative clauses The person living next
(reduced) by using participles to door is a doctor.
make sentences more (Instead of who lives
concise. next door)
Subjunctive Use the subjunctive to I suggest that he study
express wishes, harder.
demands, or
suggestions.
Passive voice Use advanced passive It is said that she speaks
(advanced) structures, including five languages.
with reporting verbs.
Perfect modals Modals combined with You should have told me
perfect forms to earlier.
speculate about past
events or express
regret.
Reported speech Report speech in He said he had been
(advanced) complex tenses, often studying for hours.
requiring changes in
pronouns, time
references, and verb
tenses.
Emphatic structures Use cleft sentences to It was John who broke
(cleft sentences) emphasize certain the vase.
parts of a sentence.
Gerunds vs. Differentiate when to I enjoy swimming. vs. I
infinitives use gerunds (-ing) vs. decided to go.
infinitives (to + verb)
after specific verbs and
phrases.
Complex Use advanced Not only did she pass the
conjunctions conjunctions like "not exam, but she also got
only... but also," the highest score.
"hardly... when,"
"scarcely... before."
Participle clauses Use participle clauses Having finished the
to provide extra project, he went home.
information or reduce
relative clauses.
Prepositions Use prepositions in He insisted on going to
(advanced) more idiomatic and the meeting.
complex phrases (e.g.,
dependent
prepositions, phrasal
verbs).
Hypothetical past Use past perfect for If I had known, I would
hypothetical situations have helped you.
that didn't happen.
Nominalization Turn verbs or The destruction of the
adjectives into nouns building was inevitable.
to make sentences
more formal or
concise.
Articles Use definite, indefinite, She’s a doctor. vs. The
(specific/general) or zero articles doctor we saw was very
accurately depending kind.
on specific, general, or
uncountable
references.
