Module 2 Intellectual Revolutions
Module 2 Intellectual Revolutions
MODULE 2:
Intellectual Revolutions
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INTRODUCTION
This section discusses the intellectual revolutions that shaped the society by
means of science and technology. Primarily, it focuses on the three significant
intellectual revolutions: Copernican, Darwinian, and Freudian.
In Science and Technology, intellectual pertains to series of events that led to
the emergence of modern science and the progress of scientific thinking across
critical periods in history. Although there are many intellectual revolutions, this
section will only tackle the three most important revolutions that changed the
perception of society. Such revolutions include Copernican, Darwinian, and
Freudian.
I. Copernican Revolution
The Copernican revolution, started at 16th century, was a paradigm shift in the
field of astronomy particularly in the Ptolemaic understanding of Geocentrism as a
model in the universe. It was named after the Polish Mathematician and
Astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus.
He formulated the Heliocentric model which opposes the
Ptolemaic understanding of the universe proposed by
Claudius Ptolemy. He even published his model in his
paper, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (The
Revolution of the Celestial Spheres), in 1543. He
introduced his model in a 40-page outline titled
Commentariolus. However, this model was not easily
accepted by the society, particularly the church. Despite
the problems with the model and the persecution of the
Church, the heliocentric model was soon accepted and
Just like Copernican and Darwinian, Freudian revolution also shot into controversy.
However, amidst controversies, Freud’s Psychoanalysis dominates psychotherapeutic
practice in the early 20th century. Particularly, it largely informed those psychodynamic
therapies that treat myriad of psychological disorders.
Discussion / Forum
Prepared by:
MS. JAMIELOU C. BUSTARDE
Instructor, STS