‭Compiled by American Study‬

‭S-V Agreement and Tense‬

‭ ince the beginning of the 19th century, puppeteers in‬

S ‭ lorence Esté and Lily Everett were among the 300‬
F
‭Sicily _________ theatrical performances known as the‬ ‭artists who exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, a‬
‭Opera dei Pupi. The repertoire performed by the‬ ‭groundbreaking New York City art exhibition that‬
‭puppets ranges from short, humorous stories to‬ ‭introduced modernism to American audiences.‬
‭medieval romances and Shakespearean plays.‬ ‭Though shocking at the time, an abstract cubist‬
‭painting exhibited by Marcel Duchamp—one of several‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭works that received scorn from critics—____ the‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭Western art canon more than a century later.‬
‭A)‬ ‭will stage‬
‭B)‬ ‭staged‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭C)‬ ‭have staged‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭D)‬ ‭had staged‬ ‭A)‬ ‭were entering‬
‭B)‬ ‭enter‬
‭C)‬ ‭has entered‬
‭D)‬ ‭have entered‬

I‭ncreased gender diversity is revitalizing the field of‬ ‭ ofia, with a population of roughly 1.3 million people,‬
S
‭economics, according to Harvard's Claudia Goldin.‬ ‭______ home to an impressive 15 percent of Bulgaria's‬
‭The trailblazing accomplishments of Goldin, winner of‬ ‭total population.‬
‭the 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work on‬
‭women in the labor force, ____ to the value of scholars‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭of diverse backgrounds in spurring research into‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭previously unexplored, but vitally important, topics.‬ ‭A)‬ ‭is‬
‭B)‬ ‭are‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭C)‬ ‭are being‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭D)‬ ‭have been‬
‭A)‬ ‭attests‬
‭B)‬ ‭attest‬
‭C)‬ ‭has attested‬
‭D)‬ ‭is attesting‬

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I‭nterest in mechanotransduction, the mechanism by‬ ‭ he students are tired and subdued after last week’s‬
T
‭which celis sense and convert mechanical stimuli into‬ ‭intensive schedule of midterm exams and‬
‭biochemical signals, is expanding because of‬ ‭standardized testing, but their enthusiastic reaction‬
‭innovative work by biomedical scientists—many of‬ ‭indicates tomorrow’s trip to the museum ______ a‬
‭whom, like neuroscience and biophysics expert Elba‬ ‭great success.‬
‭Serrano, _______ this mechanism to better understand‬
‭how the body’s neurological and biomechanical‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭systems interact.‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭A)‬ ‭is‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭B)‬ ‭will be‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭C)‬ ‭has been‬
‭A)‬ ‭studies‬ ‭D)‬ ‭was‬
‭B)‬ ‭had studied‬
‭C)‬ ‭study‬
‭D)‬ ‭is studying‬

I‭n the spring of 1964, it was hard to go anywhere‬ ‭ he brain of the sperm whale, which in males can‬
T
‭without hearing the song "Cotton Candy” by the‬ ‭reach up to 20 pounds, _______ to be the largest of any‬
‭Sylvers. As of April 11, the song had spent thirteen‬ ‭mammal. However, recent studies by the National‬
‭straight weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and‬ ‭Marine Mammal Foundation in San Diego, California,‬
‭_______ No. 1 on the list.‬ ‭have established that brains of killer whales can also‬
‭reach this size. The human brain, by contrast, weighs‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭approximately 3 pounds.‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭A)‬ ‭have been ranking‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭B)‬ ‭was ranked‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭C)‬ ‭were ranked‬ ‭A)‬ ‭had long been considered‬
‭D)‬ ‭are ranking‬ ‭B)‬ ‭have long been considered‬
‭C)‬ ‭long considered‬
‭D)‬ ‭were long considered‬

‭ tefan Dimitrescu, a Romanian impressionist painter‬

S ‭ n upcoming exhibition will showcase Vincent van‬
A
‭whose works are distinctive for their heavy brush-‬ ‭Gogh's drawing‬‭Snowy Landscape‬‭with Stooping‬
‭strokes, _______ frequently included in the early‬ ‭Woman‬‭, which Van Gogh _______ in the city of‬
‭twentieth-century art movement the Balchik School,‬ ‭Nuenen nearly 150 years ago.‬
‭whose members were known for depicting the‬
‭ambiance of the Romanian seaside town.‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭A)‬ ‭is completing‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭B)‬ ‭will complete‬
‭A)‬ ‭have been‬ ‭C)‬ ‭completed‬
‭B)‬ ‭were‬ ‭D)‬ ‭has been completing‬
‭C)‬ ‭is‬
‭D)‬ ‭are‬

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I‭n 1987, chemist Ahmed Zewail devised a novel‬ ‭ olarpunk is an art movement that imagines‬
S
‭technique in optical spectroscopy that allowed him to‬ ‭renewable energy-powered technology infused‬
‭study ultrafast chemical reactions occurring within‬ ‭complementarily into nature. In Paolo Bacigalupi's‬
‭molecules. Years later, he ____ for this groundbreaking‬ ‭solarpunk short story "Efficiency," an artificial‬
‭research with the Wolf Prize in Chemistry and the‬ ‭intelligence that absorbs sustainable energies,‬
‭Robert A. Welch Award and hence would become‬ ‭redistributing them through intricate networks of‬
‭known as the father of femtochemistry.‬ ‭weights and generators, _______ Chicago's energy grid.‬

‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬

W ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭A)‬ ‭is honored‬ ‭A)‬ ‭powers‬
‭B)‬ ‭would be honored‬ ‭B)‬ ‭are powering‬
‭C)‬ ‭will be honored‬ ‭C)‬ ‭power‬
‭D)‬ ‭had been honored‬ ‭D)‬ ‭have been powering‬

‭ avajo artist Sally Black's mastery of traditional‬

N ‭ s comet C/1911 N1 (Kiess) orbits the Sun, it is‬
A
‭weaving techniques is apparent in her expertly‬ ‭trailed by a stream of rocky particles. When Earth‬
‭crafted baskets, which typically are woven from‬ ‭passes through this meteoroid stream each year,‬
‭sumac (a textured and flexible material) and ______‬ ‭typically between August 28 and September 5, the 66‬
‭bold colors.‬ ‭kilometer per second collision between these‬
‭meteoroids and atmospheric gases __________‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭streaks of light in the sky known as the Aurigid‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭meteor shower.‬
‭A)‬ ‭had featured‬
‭B)‬ ‭were featuring‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭C)‬ ‭featured‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭D)‬ ‭feature‬ ‭A)‬ ‭produces‬
‭B)‬ ‭are producing‬
‭C)‬ ‭produce‬
‭D)‬ ‭have produced‬

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‭ ost US states and territories have had at least one‬

M ‭ e are calm but ready to give the night back to its‬
W
‭woman serve as governor. In Nebraska, for example,‬ ‭rightful owners. Our skin has cooled from the day’s‬
‭Governor Kay A. Orr took office on January 9, 1987. In‬ ‭heat and we have had our bedtime story. Just as we‬
‭fact, the number of states and territories that have had‬ ‭sense that the time has come to slip inside, the‬
‭only male governors ____ almost every year.‬ ‭unmistakable flash of a streaking meteor‬
‭_______________ our eyes and we jerk our heads‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭upwards, just in time to see the shooting star fade into‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭the blackness. It is time to say goodnight.‬
‭A)‬ ‭shrinks‬
‭B)‬ ‭shrink‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭C)‬ ‭are shrinking‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭D)‬ ‭have been shrinking‬ ‭A)‬ ‭is catching‬
‭B)‬ ‭caught‬
‭C)‬ ‭catches‬
‭D)‬ ‭has caught‬

‭ any major historical inventions occurred‬

M ‭ esearcher Alexander Sweetman of the Australasian‬
R
‭simultaneously in multiple places. Writing, in contrast,‬ ‭Sleep Association _______ stimulus control therapy to‬
‭had only a few independent origins, and the alphabet‬ ‭cure insomnia, the condition of struggling to fall‬
‭_________ only once in history.‬ ‭asleep. Among the components of this therapy are‬
‭waking up at a consistent time, avoiding long naps‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭during the day, and using one’s bed only for sleeping.‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭A)‬ ‭has arisen‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭B)‬ ‭had arisen‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭C)‬ ‭arises‬ ‭A)‬ ‭recommended‬
‭D)‬ ‭arose‬ ‭B)‬ ‭recommends‬
‭C)‬ ‭will recommend‬
‭D)‬ ‭was recommending‬

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‭ onarch butterflies are known for their impressive‬

M ‭ ear the boundary between France and Switzerland‬
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‭migration journey, in which they travel thousands of‬ ‭_______ the interconnected superconducting magnet‬
‭miles each year to their wintering grounds. To prepare‬ ‭array, particle accelerator system, and helium-supplied‬
‭for this journey, adult monarchs _______ on milkweed‬ ‭tube network of the Large Hadron Collider. This vast‬
‭plants, which contain toxins that protect them from‬ ‭experimental apparatus, which boasts a‬
‭predators.‬ ‭circumference of 27 kilometers, has offered‬
‭researchers insights into the dynamics of high-velocity‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭particles since it began operations in 2008.‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭A)‬ ‭feed‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭B)‬ ‭have fed‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭C)‬ ‭are feeding‬ ‭A)‬ ‭is sitting‬
‭D)‬ ‭will be feeding‬ ‭B)‬ ‭has sat‬
‭C)‬ ‭sit‬
‭D)‬ ‭sits‬

‭ ince 1971, researchers in Kenya studying the‬

S ‭ mong all the grim news about coral reef bleaching,‬
A
‭Amboseli baboon population _______ to determine‬ ‭Kiribati’s Line Islands have provided data stating that‬
‭how social behaviors alter the animals’ chances of‬ ‭protecting herbivorous fish that remove algae can help‬
‭survival.‬ ‭damaged reefs _______.‬

‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬

W ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭A)‬ ‭work‬ ‭A)‬ ‭rebound‬
‭B)‬ ‭are working‬ ‭B)‬ ‭rebounds‬
‭C)‬ ‭had worked‬ ‭C)‬ ‭having rebounded‬
‭D)‬ ‭have been working‬ ‭D)‬ ‭rebounding‬

‭ pened in 1922, the Lincoln Memorial in Washington,‬

O ‭ he Doppler Shift is a concept first described by‬
T
‭D.C. was envisioned as an imposing monument to the‬ ‭Austrian physicist Christian Doppler in 1842 to explain‬
‭sixteenth president of the United States. Every year,‬ ‭why waves such as a sound change in frequency when‬
‭millions of people still _______ the edifice made of‬ ‭_______ from a stationary point. A classic example is‬
‭35,000 tons of granite, marble, and limestone.‬ ‭that ambulance sirens appear to increase in pitch as‬
‭the vehicle approaches.‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭A)‬ ‭visit‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭B)‬ ‭visited‬ ‭A)‬ ‭perceive‬
‭C)‬ ‭are visiting‬ ‭B)‬ ‭perceived‬
‭D)‬ ‭had visited‬ ‭C)‬ ‭are perceiving‬
‭D)‬ ‭have been perceived‬

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‭ he favorite drink of 19th-century Swedish‬

T I‭n Greenland, Inughuit Inuits _______ birds called‬
‭Americans was coffee. These immigrants loved it so‬ ‭“little auks” every summer for centuries to‬
‭much that they _______ it five times a day: at‬ ‭supplement their diets in a land covered for much of‬
‭breakfast, lunch, dinner, and another two times‬ ‭the year by snow and ice.‬
‭between meals.‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭A)‬ ‭are harvesting‬
‭A)‬ ‭drink‬ ‭B)‬ ‭have harvested‬
‭B)‬ ‭will drink‬ ‭C)‬ ‭will harvest‬
‭C)‬ ‭drank‬ ‭D)‬ ‭harvest‬
‭D)‬ ‭had drunk‬

I‭n many of Charles Dickens' writings, he explored‬ ‭ team of US scientists have discovered a new‬
A
‭themes of the social inequality he was witnessing‬ ‭approach to breaking down plastics through‬
‭during the Victorian Era. In his novel, Oliver Twist, he‬ ‭electrified spatiotemporal heating. Scientists _______‬
‭focused on the plight of orphans; in‬‭Hard Times‬‭he‬ ‭for ways to recycle plastic, though the existing‬
‭_______ the struggle of the working class; and in‬‭Bleak‬ ‭methods for depolymerizing plastics have low‬
‭House‬‭, Dickens revealed the injustice of the courts‬ ‭efficiency, with yields ranging from 10% to 25%. In‬
‭that displayed favoritism to the upper classes.‬ ‭contrast, the new technique utilizes pulsed electricity‬
‭to increase the yield to approximately 36%.‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭A)‬ ‭highlights‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭B)‬ ‭was highlighting‬ ‭A)‬ ‭search‬
‭C)‬ ‭highlighted‬ ‭B)‬ ‭searching‬
‭D)‬ ‭had highlighted‬ ‭C)‬ ‭will be searching‬
‭D)‬ ‭have been searching‬

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‭ obin Nagle is an anthropologist and author who‬

R ‭ limate change is causing widespread ice loss‬
C
‭has conducted extensive research on the lives and‬ ‭across the world's glaciers, but measuring the extent‬
‭work of sanitation workers in New York City. In her‬ ‭of its effects can be a challenge. Although the polar‬
‭2014 book Picking Up, Nagle sheds light on the‬ ‭ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are‬
‭underappreciated role that sanitation workers play‬ ‭experiencing significant ice loss, the same applies to‬
‭in maintaining the cleanliness and health of our‬ ‭other glaciers, which _______ as well due to rising‬
‭cities. Through her research for her book, Nagle‬ ‭temperatures.‬
‭_______ alongside sanitation workers, gaining a‬
‭deep understanding of the challenges they face,‬ ‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W
‭both physically and socially.‬ ‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬
‭A)‬ ‭melt‬
‭ hich choice completes the text so that it conforms‬
W ‭B)‬ ‭melted‬
‭to the conventions of Standard English?‬ ‭C)‬ ‭are melting‬
‭A)‬ ‭is interviewing and working‬ ‭D)‬ ‭had been melting‬
‭B)‬ ‭interviewed and worked‬
‭C)‬ ‭interviewing and working‬
‭D)‬ ‭will have interviewed and worked‬

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