Scribd
Upload
8 views6 pages

Lab Sheet

Uploaded by

Teddy Gameplayerz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views6 pages

Lab Sheet

Uploaded by

Teddy Gameplayerz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Lab 3: FM Modulation and Demodulation

Wadhwani Electronics Lab

Department of Electrical Engineering


Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.

Experiment 3 Dept. of EE, IIT-Bombay 1/6


Aim of the experiment

Implementing modulation – demodulation flow graphs for frequency


modulation (FM) in GNU Radio
Implementing pre-emphasis and de-emphasis.

Experiment 3 Dept. of EE, IIT-Bombay 2/6


Important Note

Use the sample rate of 48KHz for all un-modulated signals (this sample is termed as Audio Rate in FM
blocks-however,you don’t have to use the ready made blocks)
Use the sample rate of 960kHz for all the frequency or phase modulated signals in GNU-Radio (this rate
is termed as Quadrature Rate in GNU radio FM blocks).
Debugging steps:
If something is not working,trace the point of failure(by checking the signal at various nodes)
If you’re not able to get the display after a new GNU-Radio block was added in the
schematic,most likely you have entered wrong parameters in the new block(check carefully!)
Make sure that you are consistently accounting for the sample rate whenever decimation(for
downsampling) and interpolation(for upsampling) are used.

IIR filter block implementation:


FF coefficients=[b0 ,b1 ];FB coefficients=[a0 ,a1 ];Old Style of Taps=True, implements the discrete
time filter:
Y (z) b0 + b1 z −1
=
X (z) a0 − a1 z −1
A bug in implementation always sets the value of a0 = 1 .
Therefore, you must use a0 = 1 in all your calculations for filter coefficients.

Experiment 3 Dept. of EE, IIT-Bombay 3/6


Task 1: Implementation of a Frequency Modulator
Generate an FM signal with two sinusoidal tones of frequencies 1.1 kHz and
11 kHz, and each having an amplitude 0.5 (so that the peak amplitude of the
two sinusoids added together is 1).
For making a Frequency Modulator, you need to first integrate the signal and
then add the resultant signal to the phase of the carrier wave.
To implement an integrator,use the IIR filter with:
- FF coefficients=[b0 ]; FB coefficients=[1,1]; Old style of Taps=TRUE;
- Choose the sample rates judiciously,i.e. the Nyquist criterion should be
satisfied comfortably.
- Choose b0 = T ,i.e. the sampling period of the signal
This output should go to the Phase Modulator: For an input Φ the Phase
Modulator outputs e jkp Φ , where kp is the phase modulator sensitivity.
✓What should be the value of kp so that maximum frequency deviation is
75kHz for the signal above?
Phase Modulator output should have the higher sampling rate. Therefore,
you may need to use a Rational Resampler for upsampling before PM.
Remember that you’ve already scaled the signal using b0 .
Observe the modulated spectrum.
Experiment 3 Dept. of EE, IIT-Bombay 4/6
Task 2: Implementation of a Frequency Demodulator

Before demodulation, add random noise to the FM signal to emulate the


noise added by the wireless channel.
– Use ‘Noise Source’; Noise Type: Gaussian; Amplitude: 0.2
Implement the FM Demodulator.
– You should use ‘Complex to Arg’ block to get phase after differentiating
phase of the complex modulated signal, as in discrete-time implementation in
GNU radio, the phase value obtained using the ’Complex to Arg’ block has
an ambiguity of 2nπ, where n is an integer (mentioned in the prelab).
Observe the demodulated spectrum. Is the noise floor higher at higher
frequencies? Why?

Experiment 3 Dept. of EE, IIT-Bombay 5/6


Task 3: Adding pre-emphasis/ de-emphasis

Implement pre-emphasis and de-emphasis:


– Use IIR Filter block to implement (1 − 0.95z −1 ) transfer function for
pre-emphasis of the message signal at Audio Rate (before Phase Modulation).
– Use IIR Filter block to implement 1/(1 − 0.95z −1 ) transfer function for
de-emphasis of the message signal at Audio Rate which is 44.1K (after
demodulation and down sampling).
Now observe the demodulated signal spectrum. Has
pre-emphasis/de-emphasis reduced high-frequency noise in the demodulated
signal?

Experiment 3 Dept. of EE, IIT-Bombay 6/6

You might also like