Solved Problems on
Modulation and Demodulation
Q1. The maximum peak-to-peak voltage of an AM wave is 16 mV
and the minimum peak-to-peak voltage is 4 mV. Calculate the
modulation factor.
Fig.1
Fig. 1 shows the conditions of the problem.
Q2. A carrier of 100V and 1200 kHz is modulated by a 50 V, 1000
Hz sine wave signal. Find the modulation factor.
Q3. An AM wave is represented by the expression :
v = 5 (1 + 0.6 cos 6280 t) sin 211 × 104 t volts
(i) What are the minimum and maximum amplitudes of the AM
wave?
(ii) What frequency components are contained in the modulated
wave and what is the amplitude
of each component?
Q4. A sinusoidal carrier voltage of frequency 1 MHz and
amplitude 100 volts is amplitude modulated by the sinusoidal
voltage of frequency 5 kHz producing 50% modulation. Calculate
the frequency and amplitude of lower and upper sideband terms.
Q5.A carrier wave of frequency 10 MHz and peak value 10V is
amplitude modulated by a 5- kHz sine wave of amplitude 6V.
Determine (i) modulation factor (ii) sideband frequencies and
(iii) amplitude of sideband components. Draw the frequency
spectrum.
Q6. A carrier wave of 500 watts is subjected to 100% amplitude
modulation. Determine :
(i) power in sidebands (ii) power of the modulated wave.
Q7. A 50 kW carrier is to be modulated to a level of (i) 80% (ii)
10%. What is the total sideband power in each case ?
Q8. A 40kW carrier is to be modulated to a level of 100%.
(i) What is the carrier power after modulation?
(ii) How much audio power is required if the efficiency of the
modulated RF amplifier is 72%?
Solution. Fig. 3 shows the block diagram indicating the power
relations.
(i) Since the carrier itself is unaffected by the modulating signal, there
is no change in the carrier power level.
Fig.3
Q9. An audio signal of 1 kHz is used to modulate a carrier of 500
kHz. Determine (i) sideband frequencies (ii) bandwidth required.
Q10. The load current in the transmitting antenna of an
unmodulated AM transmitter is 8A. What will be the antenna
current when modulation is 40%?
Q11. The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 8A when only
the carrier is sent but it increases to 8.93A when the carrier is
sinusoidally modulated. Find the % age modulation.
Solution.
Q12. The r.m.s. value of carrier voltage is 100 V. After amplitude
modulation by a sinusoidal a.f. voltage, the r.m.s. value becomes
110 V. Calculate the modulation index.
Q13. An AM wave consists of the following components :
Carrier component = 5 V peak value
Lower sideband component = 2.5 V peak value
Upper sideband component = 2.5 V peak value
If the AM wave drives a 2 kΩ resistor, find the power delivered to
the resistor by (i) carrier (ii)
lower sideband component and (iii) upper sideband component.
What is the total power delivered?
Solution. Fig. 4 (i) shows the frequency spectrum of AM wave
whereas Fig. 4(ii) shows the equivalent circuit.
Fig.4
Q14. A frequency-modulated voltage wave is given by the
equation :
e = 12 cos (6 × 108t + 5 sin 1250 t)
Find (i) carrier frequency (ii) signal frequency (iii) modulation
index (iv) maximum frequency deviation (v) power dissipated by
the FM wave in a 10-ohm resistor.
Q15. A 25 MHz carrier is modulated by a 400 Hz audio sine wave.
If the carrier voltage is 4V and the maximum frequency deviation
is 10 kHz, write down the voltage equation of the FM wave.
Q16. Calculate the modulation index for an FM wave where the
maximum frequency deviation is 50 kHz and the modulating
frequency is 5 kHz.
Q17. The carrier frequency in an FM modulator is 1000 kHz. If the
modulating frequency is 15 kHz, what are the first three upper
sideband and lower sideband frequencies?
Q18. In a frequency modulated wave, the frequency deviation
constant is 75 kHz/volt and the signal amplitude is 2V. Find the
maximum frequency deviation.
Q19. In an FM system, when the audio frequency (AF) is 500 Hz
and the AF voltage is 2.4V, the frequency deviation is 4.8 kHz. If
the AF voltage is now increased to 7.2V, what is the new
frequency deviation? If the AF voltage is raised to 10V while the
AF is dropped to 200 Hz, what is the deviation? Find the
modulation index in each case.
