College of Material Engineering

Subject : Heat Transfer

Metallurgy Department
Lecturer: Dr. Ayad Natah 2024
3rd Class
___________________________________________________________________________
6-7 Water at the rate of 0.8 kg/s is heated from 35 to 40 ℃ in a 2.5 cm- diameter tube whose surface is
at 90 ℃ . How long must the tube be to accoplish this heating?

Solution:
q=hA (T ¿ ¿ w−T b)¿
q=( 0.8 )( 4221 )( 40−35 )=16,884 W
−4
k =0.63 Pr=4.53 μ=6.82× 10 ρ=993
∙
G.d m ∙
Re = G= m =ρ .u m . A
μ A
m = mass rate of flow
∙

π 2
A: cross section area A= d
4
G: mass velocity
( 0.025 ) ( 0.8 ) ( 4 )
Re =
π ¿¿
h.d 0.8 n
Nu= Nu=0.023 ℜ Pr ‫** قوانين حفظ‬
k
n=4 for heating
( 0.023 )( 0.63 ) W
h= ( 59,741 ) 0.8 ( 4.53 )0.4 =7024 2 .℃
0.025 m
q=16,884=( 7024 ) π ( 0.025 ) L(90−37.5)
L=0.583 m
6-12 Air at 1 atm and 15 ◦C flows through a long rectangular duct 7.5 cm by 15
cm. A 1.8-m section of the duct is maintained at 120 ◦C, and the average air
temperature at exit from this section is 25◦C. Calculate the airflow rate and the
total heat transfer.
Solution:
Given
1
7.5 ×15 cm L=1.8 m air at 1 atm T w =120 ℃ T b(inlet )=15 ℃ T b(exit )=25 ℃
4. A
D H=
P
D H =¿hydraulic diameter
2
Ac = ( 0.075 ) ( 0.15 )=0.01125 m
4 ×(0.75)(0.15)
D H= =0.1 m
2 ×(0.75)(0.15)
(T ¿¿ w+T b) 15+25
Tb
−¿=
2
¿¿
= =20 ℃=293 k
2
2
A=2 ( 0.15+0.075 ) ( 1.8 )=0.81 m
From table prperties of air and follow at temp (T b ¿ = 20℃

μf =¿1.83 ×10 , K W ,C p=¿1005 j/ kg. ℃ ¿ pr = 0.7

−5
kg / m . s ¿ f =¿0.026 .℃ ¿
m

T b+T
Note: All properties at a film temperature T f = w
T b=¿T ¿
2 ∞

. −¿ A ¿¿
q=m c p (T ¿ ¿ b 2−T b 1 )=h ¿
0.8 n
Nu=0.023 ℜ Pr
h . DH
Nu=
k
k 0.8 n
−¿= (0.023 ℜ Pr )¿
DH
h
Assuming turbulent
( )
. 0.8
k m DH n
−¿= (0.023) Pr ¿
DH Ac μ
h

[ ]
0.8
. (0.026)( 0.023) m. ( 0.1)
q=m ( 1005 ) ( 25−15 )= ¿¿
0.1 (0.0125)(1.83 ×1 0−5 )
.
m =0.141 kg /s
q=( 0.14 ) (1005 )( 25−15 )=1417 W

6-14 Water at an average temperature of 300 K flows at 0.7 kg/s in a 2.5-cm-diameter tube 6 m long.
The pressure drop is measured as 2 kPa. A constant heat flux is imposed, and the average wall
temperature is 55◦C. Estimate the exit temperature of the water.

Solution:

2
 2
L um 27+ 55
=41 ℃
∆ P=f ρ at T f =
d 2 gc 2
W
μf =¿8.6 × 10
−4
kg / m .s ¿ , K ¿ 0.614 .℃ ,C p=¿4179 j /kg. ℃ ¿ pr = 5.85
m
ρ=996
0.7
um =
(996)π ¿ ¿

(2000)(0.025)(2)
f=
(6)(996)¿ ¿
2
3 f
St b Pr =
8

6-18 Water at an average temperature of 10◦C flows in a 2.5-cm-diameter tube 6

m long at a rate of 0.4 kg/s. The pressure drop is measured as 3 kPa. A constant
heat flux is imposed, and the average wall temperature is 50 ◦C. Estimate the exit
temperature of the water.

Solution:

3
6-20 Air at 1400 kPa enters a duct 7.5 cm in diameter and 6 m long at a rate of 0.5
kg/s. The duct wall is maintained at an average temperature of 500 K. The
average air temperature in the duct is 550 K. Estimate the decrease in
temperature of the air as it passes through the duct.
Solution:

6-30 Engine oil at 40◦C enters a 1-cm-diameter tube at a flow rate such that the Reynolds number at
entrance is 50. Calculate the exit oil temperature for a tube length of 8 cm and a constant tube wall
temperature of 80◦C.
Solution:

4
6-31 Water flows in a 2-cm-diameter tube at an average flow velocity of 8 m/s. If the water enters at
20◦C and leaves at 30◦C and the tube length is 10 m, estimate the average wall temperature necessary to
effect the required heat transfer.
Solution:

6-38 A 5-cm-diameter cylinder maintained at 80 ◦C is placed in a nitrogen flow stream at 2 atm pressure
and 10◦C. The nitrogen flows across the cylinder with a velocity of 5 m/s. Calculate the heat lost by the
cylinder per meter of length.

Solution:
5
6-42 A short tube is 6.4 mm in diameter and 15 cm long. Water enters the tube at 1.5 m/s and 38 ◦C, and
a constant-heat-flux condition is maintained such that the tube wall temperature remains 28 ◦C above the
water bulk temperature. Calculate the heat transfer rate and exit water temperature.

Solution:

6-44 Air at 70 kPa and 20◦C flows across a 5-cm-diameter cylinder at a velocity of 15 m/s. Compute
the drag force exerted on the cylinder.

Solution:

6
6-46 Assuming that a human can be approximated by a cylinder 30 cm in diameter and 1.1 m high with
a surface temperature of 24◦C, calculate the heat the person would lose while standing in a 30-mi/h
wind whose temperature is 0◦C.
Solution:

6-51 Air at 90◦C and 1 atm flows past a heated 1.5-mm-diameter wire at a velocity of 6 m/s. The wire is
heated to a temperature of 150◦C. Calculate the heat transfer per unit length of wire.
Solution:

7
6-58 A 3.0-cm-diameter cylinder is subjected to a cross flow of carbon dioxide at 200◦C and a pressure
of 1 atm. The cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature of 50◦C and the carbon dioxide velocity
is 40 m/s. Calculate the heat transfer to the cylinder per meter of length.
Solution:

6-104 Air at 300 K blows normal to a 6-mm heated strip maintained at 600 K. The air velocity is such
that the Reynolds number is 15,000. Calculate the heat loss for a 50-cm-long strip.

Solution:

6-107 Air at 1 atm flows normal to a square in-line bank of 400 tubes having
diameters of 6 mm and lengths of 50 cm. Sn = Sd = 9 mm. The air enters the
tube bank at 300 K and at a velocity such that the Reynolds number based on
inlet properties and the maximum velocity at inlet is 50,000. If the outside wall
8
temperature of the tubes is 400 K, calculate the air temperature rise as it flows
through the tube bank.
Solution: