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B.E. (Mechanical Engineering / Power Engineering) Fifth Semester (C.B.S.)

Heat Transfer

P. Pages : 4 NRT/KS/19/3426/3452
Time : Three Hours *0171* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
10. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
11. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.
12. Use of heat transfer data book & steam table is permitted.

1. a) Derive an expression for general heat conduction equation in cylindrical co-ordinates. 9

b) Obtain an expression for the thermal resistance & overall heat transfer coefficient of the 5
composite sphere of some thickness & having two layers of insulation over it. This sphere
is storing hot fluid inside and exposed to the cold environment.

OR

2. a) A composite wall has three layers of materials held together by a 3 cm diameter aluminium 8
rivet per 0.1m2 of surface. The layers of materials consists of 10 cm thick brick with hot
surface at 200ºC, 1cm thick timber with cold surface at 10ºC. These two layers are
interposed by a third layer of insulating material 25 cm thick. The thermal conductivities
of the materials are :
K(Brick) = 0.93 W/mK, K(Insulations) = 0.12 w/mk.
K(Wood) = 0.175 W/mK,
K (Aluminium) = 204 W/mK
Assuming one dimensional heat flow, calculate the percentage increase in heat transfer
rate due to rivets.

b) Discuss the concept of critical thickness of insulation and derive the expression for 6
critical radius of insulation for a cylinder.

3. a) A large 3 cm thick steel plate (K = 15.1 W/mK) is generating heat uniformly at the rate of 7
5 106 W / m3 . It's both sides are exposed to convection to an ambient at 30ºC with a heat
transfer coefficient of 600 W / m2K .
Derive the governing eqn for above condition and determine the values and location of
maximum temperature in the plate.

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b) A hot cylinder in got of 50 mm diameter and 200 mm length is taken out from the furnace 6
(
at 800ºC and then dipped in water till its temperature falls to 500ºC h w = 200 W / m 2 K . )
Then it is directly exposed to air till its temperature falls to 100ºC ( h a = 20 W / m 2 K ) .
The temperature of air & water both is 30ºC. Find the total time required for the ingot to
reach the temperature from 800ºC to 100ºC.
Take the following properties of ingot
 = 800kg / m3, C = 0.2kJ / kg K, k = 60 W / mK

OR

4. a) Fins, 12 in number, having k = 75 W/mK and 0.75 mm thickness protrude 25 mm from a 7

cylindrical surface of 50 mm diameter and 1m length placed in an atmosphere of 40ºC. If
the cylindrical surface is maintained at 150ºC and the heat transfer coefficient is
23W / m2K , Calculate :
a) the rate of heat transfer due to attachment of fins.
b) the percentage increase in heat transfer due to fins.
c) the temperature at the centre of the fins.
d) fin efficiency, and
e) fin effectiveness
Draw the suitable schematic.

b) A steel tube carries steam at a temperature of 320ºC. A thermometer pocket of iron (k = 6

52.3 W/mK) of inside diameter 15 mm and 1 mm thick is used to measure the temperature.
The error to be tolerated is 1.5% of maximum. Estimate the length of the pocket necessary
to measure the temperature within this error. The diameter of the steel tube is 95 mm.
Assume h = 93w / m2 k and the tube wall temperature is 120ºC. Suggest a suitable
method of locating the thermometer pocket & show its schematic.

5. a) Show by dimensional analysis that data for forced convention may be correlated by an 6
equation of the form :
Nu = f (Re, Pr)
hL
where Nu = Nusselt Number =
k
VL
Re = Reynolds Number =

Cp
Pr = Prandtl Number =
k
All above symbols have their usual meaning.

b) The crank case of an I.C. engine measuring 0.8m  0.2 may be assumed as flat plate. The 7
engine runs at a speed of 25 m/s and the crankcase is cooled by the air flowing past it at
the same speed. Calculate the heat loss from the crackcase surface maintained at 85ºC to
the ambient air at 15ºC.
OR

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6. a) Explain the significance of following. 6

a) Reynolds Number

b) Nusselt Number

c) Prandtl Number

b) In a power plant feedwater is flowing through a duct of rectangular cross – section 7

8cm  4cm and the wall temperature is maintained at 170ºC throughout. The feedwater
flows at a rate of 300 kg/min, enters at a temperature of 20ºC and is heated to 150º.
Calculate :
i) the convective heat transfer coefficient.
ii) the heat transfer rate and
iii) the required length of the duct.

7. a) Compare the rate of heat loss from a human body with a typical energy intake from 7
consumption of food (5440 kJ/day). Consider the body as a vertical cylinder 30 cm in
diameter and 175 cm high in still air. Assume the skin temperature to be 37ºC. Consider
the emissivity at the skin surface as 0.4 and neglect sweating & effect of clothing. The
ambient temperature is taken at 13ºC.

b) What are the different boiling modes. Explain in brief. Also draw only the different 6
regimes in pool boiling.

OR

8. a) A vertical tube 40mm diameter and 1m long is used for considering dry steam at 7
atmospheric pressure. The tube surface temperature is 60ºC.
i) Determine the mass of condensate.
ii) If the tube is held in horizontal position will these be any changes in mass of
condensate? If yes, calculate the value and percentage change.

b) Distinguish pointwise, between filmwise and dropwise condensation. Also, discuss the 6
effect of non – condensable gases on condensate rate.

9. a) Assume the sun to be a black body having a surface temperature of 5800 K, Calculate : 8
1) the total emissive power.
2) the wavelength at which the maximum emissions occurs.
3) the maximum value of emissive power.
4) the percentage of total emitted energy that lies in the visible range of 0.35 m to
0.76 m .
5) monochromatic emissive power at 1.2 m length.
6) the total amount of radiant energy emitted by the sun per unit time if its diameter can
be assumped to be 1.391 109 m .

b) Explain the following terms related with radiation : any three. 6

a) Radiosity b) Intensity of radiation
c) Black body & gray body d) Wein's displacement law.
OR

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10. a) Two large parallel planes with emissivities 0.6 are at 900K and 300K. A radiation shield 9
with one side polished and having emissivity of 0.05, while the emissivity of other side is
0.4 is proposed to be used which side of the shield to face the hotter plane, if the
temperature of shield is to be kept minimum? Justify your answer.

b) State and explain properties of shape factor. 5

11. a) Derive the expression of log mean temperature difference for counter flow heat exchanger. 6

b) A simple concentric tube heat exchanger is used for heating 1110 kg/h of oil (specific heat 7
= 2.1 kJ/kgK) from a temperature of 27ºC to 49ºC. The oil flows through the inner pipe
made of copper (O.D. = 2.86 cm, I.D. = 2.54 cm) and the surface heat transfer coefficient
on the oil side is 635W / m2K . The oil is heated by hot water supplied at the rate of 390
kg/h and at an inlet temperature of 93ºC. The water side heat transfer coefficient is
1270 W / m2K . Take the thermal conductivity of copper to be 350 w/m k and the falling
factor on the oil and water sides to be 0.0001 and 0.0004m2K / W . What is the length of
the heat exchanger for
i) parallel flow; and
ii) counter flow?

OR

12. An oil is cooled to 100ºC in a concurrent heat exchanger by transforming its heat to cooling 13
water, that leaves the exchanger at 30ºC. However, it is now required that the oil must be
cooled down to 75ºC by increasing length of heat exchanger, while oil and water flow
rates, their inlet temperatures and other dimensions of the exchanger keeping constant.
The inlet temperatures of water and oil being 15ºC and 150ºC, respectively.
If the original cooler was 1 m long, Calculate :
i) Outlet temperature of water in new cooler.
ii) Length of new cooler.

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