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Lecture 6

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18 views26 pages

Lecture 6

Uploaded by

Shikhar Vijeet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 6: Complex products - II

Course code: DES641A


Course name: Design for Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

Dr Amar Behera
Email: [email protected]
Extension: 2401

Design Studio 605H-A


Diamond Jubilee Academic Complex
Learning Outcomes
At the end of todays’ lecture, you will be able to:

• Articulate what a ‘complex’ product is and the need for a systematic design
process for complex products
• Understand key concepts in creating product architectures
• Select modular and integral architectures as necessary for developing complex
products
Design Structure
Matrices

• DSM is a simple, compact and visual


representation of a system or project in
the form of a square matrix.
• A design structure matrix lists all
constituent subsystems/activities and
the corresponding information
exchange, interactions, and
dependency patterns.
Clustering the DSM

Clustering the DSM for this


system will provide us with
insights into optimal team
formations based on the
degree of interactions
among services.
Directed graph with team assignments
• Services 4 and 5 provide an interesting insight — each of
these services belongs to two logical subsystems.
• These services will naturally have a higher coordination
overhead and will likely require the involvement of an
Architect and the support of Delivery Management and
Engineering Management to execute on effectively.
• Drawing out these services clustered by the team
assignments highlights the criticality of services 4 and 5
to the success of the overall system.
• Clustering a DSM can be viewed as an optimization
problem
• Iterative algorithms can be applied to a matrix to find an
optimum set of clusters
Product
architecture
• A scheme by which the
functional elements of the
product are arranged (or
assigned) into physical
building blocks (chunks) and
by which the blocks interact.
• Two key elements
• Product structure
• Function structure
Key considerations in product architecting
• How will it affect the ability to offer product variety?
• How will it affect the product cost?
• How will it affect the design lead time?
• How will it affect the development process management?
Trailer Example: Modular Architecture

protect cargo
box
from weather

connect to
hitch
vehicle

minimize
fairing
air drag

support
bed
cargo loads

suspend
springs
trailer structure

transfer loads
wheels
to road
Trailer Example: Integral Architecture

protect cargo
upper half
from weather

connect to
lower half
vehicle

minimize
nose piece
air drag

cargo hanging support


straps cargo loads

spring slot suspend


covers trailer structure

transfer loads
wheels
to road
Types of
modularity
• Slot-Modular
• Each of the interfaces between
chunks is of a different type from
the others, so that the various
chunks in the product cannot be
interchanged.
• Bus-Modular
• Common bus to which the other
chunks connect via the same type
of interface
• Sectional-Modular
• All interfaces are of the same type,
but there is no single element to
which all the other chunks attach.
Implications of product architecture

• Product changes
• Modular chunks allow changes to be made to a few isolated functional elements of
the product without necessarily affecting the design of other chunks
• Product variety
• Products built around modular product architectures can be more easily varied
without adding tremendous complexity to the manufacturing system
• Component standardization
• If a chunk implements only one or a few widely useful functional elements, then the
chunk can be standardized and used in several different products
Implications of
product
architecture
• Product performance
• An integral architecture
facilitates the
optimization of holistic
performance
characteristics and those
that are driven by the
size, shape, and mass of
a product.

Function sharing: The BMW S1000RR


Both the structural-support function and the power conversion
function to the transmission chunk
Pic courtesy: https://www.webbikeworld.com/2022-bmw-s1000rr/
Implications of product architecture

• Manufacturability
• Design-for-manufacturing (DFM) strategy involves the minimization of the number of
parts in a product through component integration
• Product development management
• Modular architecture
• Design team deals with known, and relatively limited, functional interactions with other
chunks.
• PM style - Careful planning during system level design and maintain performance, cost and
schedule during detail design
• Integral architecture
• If a functional element is implemented by two or more chunks, detail design will require close
coordination among different groups.
• PM style - More conflict resolution and coordination during detail design phase
Evolution of Industrial Product Design

Pictures courtesy Siemens


Product Design Engineering Today!

Pictures courtesy Siemens


Current Industry Trends

Pictures courtesy Siemens


Using Complexity To Competitive Advantage

Pictures courtesy Siemens


Complex Products Example –
High Fidelity Manikin
The Path To Accelerated NPD!
Collaborate at
scale with VR

Advanced
rendering

Advanced
animations

Pictures courtesy Siemens


A decentralized
business
ecosystem for
complex
products
Structure of
the business
ecosystem
Toyota
Design
Research
Summary
• Complex products are characterized by a number of features,
functions, flows, and many possible configurations.
• Product architecture is the scheme by which the functional elements
of the product are arranged into physical chunks.
• The architecture of the product is established during the concept
development and system-level design phases of development.
• A key characteristic of a product architecture is the degree to which it
is modular or integral.
Exercise 1
• Look up patents published on https://patents.google.com/ between 2000 and
2022. Examine one that excited you the most. What is so unique about the design
involved in this patent
• Create a slide to explain this patent to a general audience
• Research the principles of one or more commonly used design processes in the
industry
• Select a product available in the market and recreate the design process for this
product. Use sketch paper to annotate your ideas.
• Create a presentable slide/poster to illustrate the use of the design process for
this product and demonstrate your understanding of the design process
Exercise 2
Which brands are consumers more loyal to? Big brand names or small brand names?

Laundry detergent purchase trends in the United States (Information Resources, Inc., 1985)
References/Bibliography
• Framework for Innovation: Design Council's evolved Double Diamond,
https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/
• V Mamtani, The power of collaboration in design, https://uxdesign.cc/
• Karl T Ulrich & Steven D Eppinger, Product Design and Development, McGraw-
Hill, ISBN 007-123273-7, 3rd Edition
• G Boothroyd, P Dewhurst & W Knight, Product Design for Manufacturing and
Assembly, Marcel Dekker, ISBN: 0-8247-9176-2
• Isabel Casanova Ledesma, An introduction to design and the design process
• The Process of Design Squiggle by Damien Newman, thedesignsquiggle.com
Design.(1989).In Oxford English dictionary online(2nd ed.)
• scottkim.com

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