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MONTHLY CURRENT AFFAIRS

EBOOK
JULY 2024

YOUR GUIDE TO
MOST IMPORTANT
CURRENT AFFAIRS
AND EVENTS OF THE
MONTH.

IAS | BANKING | SSC | NDA/CDS | AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Contents

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 31 July 2024- Paris 2024 Olympics 2

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 30 July 2024- Asia Cup 2025 4

TIME Magazine 2024: Which Three Indian Destinations are Among ‘World’s Greatest Place... 5

ITR 2024: Easily Check Your ITR Refund Status with PAN Card on Mobile 7

Japan's Which Historical Site Included in World Heritage Site Despite South Korea's O... 9

Indians Making History: List of Indian Athletes Achieving Firsts This Paris Olympics ... 11

Mumbai's First Underground Metro Line Know Its Route, Timing and Full Details 13

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 29 July 2024- International Tiger Day 16

Which Indian State has the Highest Number of Tigers in the World? Check State-wise Ti... 18

New Governors Appointed: Understanding the Appointment Process for State Governors in... 20

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 26 July 2024- UNESCO World Heritage Site 22

Graveyard of Assam Royals now a World Heritage Site; Check Its Cultural Significance 23

Vijay Kargil Diwas 2024: Story of a Soldier who Survived 15 Bullets 28

Rashtrapati Bhawan: Another Hall Gets Renamed in Modi Government; Check the New Names 31

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 25 July 2024- Olympic Winter Games 2030 33

Grevin Gold Coin: List of Honors Awarded to Shahrukh Khan for His Acting and Charity 34

Why UN Praised India? Check the Top 10 Countries with Most Forest Gains 36

Which Country has the Lightest and the Strongest Train in the World? Check Full Detai... 38

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 24 July 2024- US Secret Service 40

Henley Passport Index: List of Countries Where Indians Can Travel Visa Free 41

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

File Your Income Tax Return (ITR) 2024 On WhatsApp in Simple Steps 44

Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi: Air India Express starts Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi Direct Flight... 46

Joe Biden Withdraws from American Election: Meet Kamala Harris, the First Indian-Amer... 48

Union Budget 2024 Viksit Bharat: FM Outlines 9 Key Priorities for a 'Viksit Bharat' 50

Union Budget 2024 Highlights and Important Pointers, Download PDF! 53

Old Tax Vs New Tax Regime: Get a Full Understanding of What Changed? 57

8th Pay Commission: Will Modi Government Fulfill the Demands of Central Government Em... 59

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 22 July 2024- Union Budget 2024-25 61

Economic Survey 2024: Key Highlights by FM Nirmala Sitharaman, Download PDF 62

Economic Survey 2024: How to Register for "Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of Youth"? 65

Can Human Beings Live on Moon? Check the Recent Discovery Made on Moon 67

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 19 July 2024- Women's Asia Cup 2024 69

Microsoft Outage: What is BSOD that is Causing Your Computer Screen to Die an Untimel... 70

UPSC Files an FIR Against Puja Khedkar; What's Next for Her? Full Details Inside 72

OpenAI Launches Affordable AI Tool: Discover Its Cost and Advanced Features 74

Chandipura Virus Death in Gujarat: What is Chandipura Virus? Know Full Details 76

Hip-Hop in Space: NASA Beams Hip-Hop Song to Venus 78

Haryana and Other States' Support for Agniveers: Reservation and Subsidy Details 80

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 18 July 2024- World Junior Squash Championship 2024 82

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 17 July 2024- President of European Parliament 83

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‘Zero Tolerance Policy’ Against Drug Trafficking: Nation’s First Toll-free Anti-drug ... 84

15 Union Ministers Becomes Member of Niti Aayog; Check Full List of Reconstituted Nit... 88

Ladla Bhai Yojana: Maharashtra Students to Receive Stipend Upto Rs. 10,000 91

Which Indian States are Out From PM-SHRI Yojana? Know in Full Details 93

UP Government Vs Sarkari Teachers: Know Why are Teachers on Road? 95

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 16 July 2024- 'One Scientist One Product' 97

Thane to Borivali: India's Longest and Largest Urban Tunnel; Check the Key Details He... 98

Union Budget: 7 Key Amendment in 1938 Insurance Bill - Check Full Details Here! 100

Narendra Modi Becomes Most Followed Indian on 'X', Surpasses 100 Million Followers 103

Scientists Discover Solution for Drinking Urine in Space; Know in Full Details 106

Which Day will be Observed as 'Samvidhan Hatya Diwas'? Here's All You Need to Know 108

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 15 July 2024- Copa America 2024 110

Cyber Alert for iPhone Users! Check How You Can Save Yourself from New Cyber Scam 111

'Current Criteria for NOK are Not Right,' says Captian Anshuman Singh's Parents; Know... 113

India to be the Most Populous Country Till 2100, UN Population Report 115

National Pension Scheme: Government Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as Pension; Ch... 118

'Pollution Under Control Certificates' Gets Costly in Delhi; Know Full Details 120

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 11 July 2024- Colombo Security Conclave 122

Get Your Ayushman Card in Minutes: Easily Apply from Home Using Your Mobile! 123

NATO Summit: Ukraine to Get Multiple Aids From NATO Countries; Decisions Taken During... 126

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Today Current Affairs One Liners: 10 July 2024- Head Coach of Indian Cricket Team 128

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 09 July 2024- France's highest Civilian Honour 129

Rajasthan State Budget: Khatu Shyam Ji Temple Corridor Allocated Rs 100 Cr; Key Takea... 130

PM Modi has been Awarded these Global Awards; Check the Complete List Here 133

Insect Costlier Than Many Luxury Cars; Check Full Details 136

SEBI Changes Credit Rating Rules; Check the New Rules and How will it Affect Credit R... 138

Digital Bharat Nidhi Replaces USOF; How Will Digital Bharat Nidhi Make a Difference? 140

Has India Tackled the Problem of Unemployment? Check Latest RBI Report on Employment ... 143

Unseen 'Polar Rain' Aurora: Know How This Rare Glow Formed 145

Menstrual Leave Policy: What is the Global Situation on Paid Menstrual Leave? 147

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 08 July 2024- New Member of SCO 150

Why is RBI Cancelling Co-Operative Bank Licences? Check How it Impacts Its Investors 151

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 05 July 2024- Lokpath Mobile App 154

UK Election Results 2024: List of India-origin Politicians who will Sit in House of C... 155

Where is the Oldest Art Cave Found? Check Most Recent Discovery 158

Labour Party Wins in UK: Keir Starmer to be the New PM; What It Means for India 160

How New Criminal Laws Differ from Old Criminal Laws: Full Details Here 163

UP Government Passes NIRMAN Bill Draft; Aims to become One Trillion Economy 166

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 04 July 2024- Additional National Security Advisor 168

NASA, SpaceX Launches Game-Changing Weather Satellite GOES-U; All You Need to Know 169

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UP Cabinet's Decision: Tata Sons to Build 650 Crore 'Museum of Temples' in Ayodhya 171

ISRO Makes History: Aditya-L1 Completes its First Halo Orbit in 178 Days 174

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 03 July 2024- Global India AI Summit 2024 176

How will RBI's Project Nexus Benefit Indians in Foreign? Know What is Project Nexus a... 177

New 'Sengol' Controversy: Cultural Symbol or "Raja ka Danda" 179

Budget 2024: When will FM Nirmala Sitharaman Present Union Budget? Here's All You Nee... 182

Amravati to Get South Asia's Largest Flying Training Organization; Know its Significa... 185

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 02 July 2024- World Sports Journalist Day 2024 188

Agniveer Debate Erupts Once Again in Parliament; Know All About Agniveer Scheme, Sala... 189

New Criminal Law in Action; Know Which Section is What in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita? 192

Will PM Modi Fly to Space? Check Latest Updates on Ganganyaan Mission 195

Which African City is Most Unliveable City in the World? Check the Top 10 Least Livea... 197

July 1 Marks an End to Colonial Laws With New Criminal Laws; Know Which Laws have Bee... 200

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 01 July 2024- 3 New Criminal Laws 203

Who is Sujata Saunik, Women Who Created History in Maharashtra? 205

Top 7 Deadliest Train Accidents in India: Kanchenjunga Express Accident Adds to List 207

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 31 July

2024- Paris 2024 Olympics

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Paris 2024 Olympics, New UPSC chairman, e-health
tele-consultancy facility, Periyar Tiger Reserve etc.

1. Under IPEF, who has been appointed as the Vice President of Supply Chain Council- India

2. Who has recently launched e-health tele-consultancy facility for ex-servicemen- Indian Army

3. Recently in which Tiger Reserve a wind turbine has been installed for electricity generation-
Periyar Tiger Reserve

4. Who has recently taken oath as the new Governor of Punjab and Chandigarh Administrator-
Gulab Chand Kataria

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 31 July 2024

5. Who has been chosen as the new chairman of Union Public Service Commission- Preeti
Sudan

6. Which Union Minister launched the National Apprenticeship and Training Scheme 2.0 portal-
Dharmendra Pradhan

7. Who has recently got approval from RBI to set up Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC)-
Shriram Capital

8. UP Prohibition of Unlawful Religious Conversion (Amendment) Bill, 2024 was recently passed
in which Vidhan Sabha- Uttar Pradesh

ALSO READ:

[Latest] Paris 2024 Olympics Medal Tally India

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Today Current Affairs One Liners: 30 July

2024- Asia Cup 2025

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Paris 2024 Olympics, New Governor of Assam, Asia
Cup 2025, President of Venezuela etc.

1. Who is the first Indian to win two medals in a single Olympics after independence- Manu
Bhaker

2. Which country will host the Asia Cup in the year 2025- India

3. Sado gold mine was recently declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in which country is it-
Japan

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 30 July 2024

4. Who took oath as the new Governor of Assam- Laxman Prasad Acharya

5. Manika Batra has become the first Indian to reach the round of 16 of the singles competition of
the Olympic Games, she is associated with which sport- Table Tennis

6. How many research projects have been approved by the Ministry of Textiles under the National
Technical Textiles Mission- 19

7. Who has become the President of Venezuela for the third time- Nicolas Maduro

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

TIME Magazine 2024: Which Three Indian

Destinations are Among ‘World’s Greatest
Places of 2024’?

TIME magazine recently released its prestigious list of the 'World's Greatest Places' for the year
2024, highlighting 100 exceptional locations worldwide that take the visitor’s experience to a
whole another level. The list consists of places that provide unique and fresh experiences to the
visitors.

Three Indian destinations managed to make it to the list this year: the Museum of Solutions
(MuSo), a unique children's museum in Mumbai; Manam Chocolate, a factory in Hyderabad; and
NAAR, a restaurant in Himachal Pradesh.

Museum of Solutions (MuSo), Mumbai

Located in central Mumbai, MuSo is a unique venue featuring themed exhibits, interactive
experiences, educational programs, creative labs, and a library with children's books. The
museum aims to inspire children to think creatively and positively impact their communities.

According to TIME, the museum covers 100,000 square feet in Mumbai's Lower Parel area. The
nonprofit has four labs for kids aged two to 17 to explore math, physics, art, and other STEAM
subjects.

The museum also includes a 220-seat amphitheater, library, recycling center, café, and a Luckey
Climber (a 3D interactive maze). It hosts workshops providing hands-on experience in running a
restaurant and other entrepreneurial activities.

Manam Chocolate, Hyderabad

Manam Chocolate, run by Chaitanya Muppala of Almond House, continues the family tradition of
making sweets. Unlike popular Belgian and Swiss chocolates, Manam works with farmers and
fermenters in Andhra Pradesh’s West Godavari district to promote Indian craft chocolates
globally. Located in Banjara Hills, Manam has been recognized by the International Institute of
Chocolate and Cacao Tasting and the U.K.’s Academy of Chocolate.

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Specialties Offered:

- Partneriing with local farmers and fermenters

- Focus on Indian craft chocolates

- Global recognition for quality

NAAR, Himachal Pradesh

NAAR is a fine dining restaurant at the Amaya boutique hotel in Himachal Pradesh, run by chef
Prateek Sadhu. The restaurant is known for its special location and unique culinary offerings.

Specialties Offered:

- Authentic Himalayan cuisine

- Himachali yak cheese
- Naga bamboo shoot pickles
What is the Selection Criteria?

The 'World's Greatest Places’ list is assembled through a combination of user nominations and an
in-house developed open-source selection process, according to TIME. It focuses on experience
with exotic destinations including hotels, restaurants, sights, and other locations.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

ITR 2024: Easily Check Your ITR Refund

Status with PAN Card on Mobile

The deadline for income tax returns is coming near. The last date to fill your ITR is July 31. The
Income Tax Department reported that more than four crore ITRs have already been submitted for
AY 2024-25.

To check your income tax refund status online, you can use your PAN card. Status updates are
usually available within 10 days, and you can also verify this information in your Form 26AS if the
status shows “Paid.”

How to Check Income Tax Refund Status

To check your income tax refund status online using just your PAN card, you can use these two
methods:

1. Income Tax E-Filing Portal: Check the status on the official income tax e-filing website.
2. NSDL TIN Website: Verify the refund status through the NSDL TIN website.
ITR Refund Status Through Income Tax E-Filing Portal

Follow the following steps to check the status of your income tax refund using the official website
of the income tax department:

Step 1: Visit the official income tax e-filing portal.

Step 2: Log in with your PAN, password, and captcha code.

Step 3: Go to the ‘My Account’ section.

Step 4: Click “Refund/Demand Status” to view the status of your refund.

ALSO READ: Indians Making History: List of Indian Athletes Achieving Firsts This Paris
Olympics 2024

ITR Refund Status Through NSDL TIN Website

In order to check the status of your income tax refund, you can visit the NSDL TIN website:

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Step 1: Visit the official website of NSDL TIN.

Step 2: Enter your assessment year and PAN card details as required.

Step 3: Click on the “Proceed” button to view the status of your refund.

What to Do If You Don’t Receive Your Refund on Time?

If you don't receive your refund within 10 days, check the following ways to get an idea of the
reason for the delay:

1. Check for any notifications about errors in your ITR.

2. Check for emails from the Income Tax Department regarding your refund.
3. Keep an eye on your refund status via the e-filing portal or the NSDL TIN website.
4. Ensure the bank account linked to your PAN is correct and active to avoid delays.
5. Update your email address and registered mobile number on the income tax portal to
receive timely notifications.

If the problem still persists, try to contact the income tax officials directly for their assistance.

ALSO READ: Japan's Which Historical Site Included in World Heritage Site Despite South
Korea's Objection?

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Japan's Which Historical Site Included in

World Heritage Site Despite South Korea's
Objection?

A group of mines on a Japanese island, known for using forced labor during wartime, was added
to the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 27, 2024. This happened after South Korea withdrew
its earlier objections to the site getting included in the list.

The Sado gold and silver mines, now a popular tourist spot, are believed to have started in the
12th century and continued production until after World War II when the production significantly
decreased in the year 1989.

Historical Significance of Sado Mines

The Sado mines have a long history, starting around the 12th century and continuing to produce
gold and silver until after World War II. Located on an island off the coast of Niigata in northern
Japan, these mines operated for nearly 400 years. These mines were once the world’s largest
gold producer before closing in 1989.

They are known for using traditional, artisanal mining methods, unlike the more modern,
mechanized techniques used in European mines at that time, thus making the mining very unsafe
for the workers. The mines are also linked to Japan's wartime abuse of Korean laborers. This
blend of historical and cultural heritage, showing the development of mining technology over the
centuries, makes the Sado mines special.

ALSO READ: New Governors Appointed: Understanding the Appointment Process for
State Governors in India

Initial Objections

Japan sought UNESCO World Heritage status for the Sado mines due to their long history and
the use of artisanal mining techniques, which contrasted with the mechanization seen in
European mines at the same time.

Initially, South Korea opposed the proposal because of the use of forced Korean labor during

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World War II, when Japan occupied the Korean peninsula. However, at the annual meeting on
June 27 in New Delhi, India, committee members, including South Korea, unanimously supported
the listing.

South Korea's Foreign Ministry agreed to the listing on the condition that Japan accurately reflects
the "full history" of the Sado Gold Mine site and takes proactive steps to do so.

History of Discrimination

Many historians argue that the recruitment conditions at the Sado mine during World War times
were essentially forced labor. Korean workers had to face much harsher conditions than their
Japanese counterparts.

According to Toyomi Asano, a history professor at Tokyo's Waseda University, discrimination on

the basis of nationality did exist, and Korean workers were given the most dangerous jobs,
making their working conditions very bad and unsafe.

- Korean workers faced significantly harsher conditions compared to Japanese workers.

- Discrimination was present in the workplace.
- Korean workers were assigned the most dangerous jobs.
- Working conditions for Korean workers were very bad and unsafe.

ALSO READ: Indians Making History: List of Indian Athletes Achieving Firsts This Paris
Olympics 2024

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Indians Making History: List of Indian

Athletes Achieving Firsts This Paris
Olympics 2024

The Paris Olympics is shaping up to be a standout event for Indian athletes. Just four days after
the spectacular opening ceremony by the Seine River, India has already secured two medals.

In the past, winning even a single medal was seen as a major achievement. Now, Indian athletes
are making history with notable firsts, be it Manu Bhaker becoming the first Indian to win two
medals consecutively in an Olympic Games. In contrast, Manika Batra has become the first Indian
to reach the round of 16 in singles.

Manu Bhaker and Sarabjot Singh’s Quest for Bronze

With the winning of Bronze model in the 10m air pistol mixed team event, the duo of Manu Bhaker
and Sarabjot Singh became the first-ever team to win a medal in the mixed team event of
shooting.

Clinching this medal also made Manu Bhaker the first Indian to win two medals in a single
Summer Olympics since India gained independence. Before independence, British Indian Norman
Pritchard won two medals at the 1900 Summer Games—silver in both the 200m sprint and the
200m hurdles.

Manu Bhaker: First Women Shooter to Win Medal

On Sunday at the Paris 2024 Olympics, Manu Bhaker won a bronze medal in the Women’s Air
Pistol event, making her the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in shooting.

Bhaker scored 221.7 points to secure third place, giving India its first medal in the current
Olympics.

Manika Batra: First Indian to Reach Pre-Quarterfinals

Manika Batra's impressive performance at the Paris Olympics continues. On Monday, she
defeated France’s Prithika Pavade in four consecutive games to advance to the Women’s Singles

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Round of 16.

With this victory, Manika becomes the first Indian woman to reach the singles Round of 16 in
table tennis at the Olympics.

Badminton Doubles: Men’s Team Reaches Quarterfinals

On Monday, former World No.1 pair Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty made history by
becoming the first Indian men's doubles team to reach the quarterfinals at the Olympics.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Mumbai's First Underground Metro Line

Know Its Route, Timing and Full Details

Mumbai's new underground metro line, known as the Aqua Line, will start its operations in the city
very soon. This project marks an important development for the city's transit system. This new
metro is expected to make getting around Mumbai easier, help with traffic, and improve
commuting.

The first phase of the Mumbai Metro 3 line will soon begin, linking SEEPZ (Santacruz Electronics
Export Processing Zone) to BKC (Bandra Kurla Complex).

Mumbai Aqua Line: Metro Route

The Aqua Line will span 33.5 kilometers from Aarey Colony to Cuffe Parade, with 27 stations
along the way. Of these, 26 will be underground, and one will be at ground level.

S. No. Station Name

1 Cuffe Parade

2 Vidhan Bhavan

3 Churchgate

4 Hutatma Chowk

5 CST Metro

6 Kalbadevi

7 Girgaon

8 Grant Road

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9 Mumbai Central Metro

10 Mahalaxmi

11 Science Museum

12 Acharya Atre Chowk

13 Worli

14 Siddhivinayak

15 Dadar

16 Shitladevi

17 Dharavi

18 BKC (Bandra Kurla Complex)

19 Vidyanagari

20 Santacruz

21 Domestic Airport

22 Sahar Road

23 International Airport

24 Marol Naka

25 MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation)

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26 SEEPZ (Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone)

27 Aarey Depot

Mumbai Aqua Line: Cost of Project

The central government gave the green light for the Aqua Line metro in June 2013, with an initial
budget of Rs 23,136 crore. The project is now nearly finished at 98%, with a new cost of Rs
37,276 crore. Funding comes from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) will operate and maintain the Aqua Line for the next ten
years. They will oversee daily operations, including managing the control centers, stations, trains,
and overall infrastructure to ensure the safety of passengers.

Mumbai Aqua Line Timings

This line will be operational from 6:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. There will be trains available for
commuters to board every few minutes. Trains will be able to go at up to 90 km/h.

An estimated 35 km on the route will take 50 minutes to complete. In Mumbai, driving the same
distance takes more than two hours on average.

ALSO READ: Which Indian State has the Highest Number of Tigers in the World? Check
State-wise Tiger Population in India

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Today Current Affairs One Liners: 29 July

2024- International Tiger Day

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Paris Olympics 2024, International Tiger Day, New
Governor of Rajasthan, New Governor of Sikkim etc.

1. Which medal did Manu Bhaker win in the women's 10m air pistol event at Paris Olympics 2024-
Bronze medal

2. Who has become the 7th batsman to score more than 12,000 runs in Test cricket- Joe Root

3. Who has been appointed as the new Governor of Jharkhand- Santosh Kumar Gangwar

4. What is the main objective of Green India Mission under the National Climate Change Action
Plan- Protect, restore and increase forest area

5. Rajasthan government has announced to provide reservation to Agniveers in which

recruitment- Jail and Forest Guard and State Police

6. Who recently took over as Chairman and Managing Director of SIDBI- Manoj Mittal

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 29 July 2024

7. When is International Tiger Day celebrated every year- 29 July

8. Which country has got the chairmanship of Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre for 2024-25-
India

9. Who has been appointed as the Governor of Rajasthan recently- Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde

10. Who has been appointed as the Governor of Telangana recently- Jishnu Dev Verma

11. Who has been appointed as the Governor of Sikkim recently- Om Prakash Mathur

12. Who has been appointed as the Governor of Chhattisgarh recently- Ramen Deka

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ALSO READ: Paris 2024 Olympics Medal Tally

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Which Indian State has the Highest Number

of Tigers in the World? Check State-wise
Tiger Population in India

International Tiger Day is celebrated every single year on July 29th, in order to raise awareness
and sum up support for tiger conservation. Declared at the Tigers Summit in St. Petersburg on
July 29, 2010, this day aims to unite all tiger countries and improve the management and
conservation of tigers worldwide.

International Tiger Day is celebrated to make people aware of the importance of tigers in the
natural ecosystems and supports the national as well as international efforts to protect them. It
also encourages people to work together to ensure their survival. This year's theme, "Call for
Action," highlights the urgent need to take steps to protect these incredible animals.

State-Wise Tiger Population in India

India's largest tiger population is in Madhya Pradesh, followed by Karnataka and Uttarakhand.
The state of Madhya Pradesh is home to six tiger reserves dedicated to protecting and conserving
Bengal tigers in their natural habitat.
State Tiger Population

Madhya Pradesh 526

Karnataka 524

Uttarakhand 442

Maharashtra 312

Tamil Nadu 264

Assam 190

Kerala 190

Uttar Pradesh 173

West Bengal 88

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Rajasthan 69

Country-Wise Tiger Population

According to the summary report of the 5th cycle of the All India Tiger Estimation 2022, India has
at least 3,167 tigers. This means that India is home to over 70% of the world's wild tiger
population.
Country Total Population (Estimated) Data Year

India 3,167 2023

Russia 750 2021

Indonesia 400 2021

Nepal 355 2022

Thailand 189 2020

Bhutan 151 2021

Malaysia 150 2020

Bangladesh 146 2018

Myanmar 22 2019

China 20 2010

Vietnam 5 2016

Laos 2 2016

SOURCE: World Population Review

ALSO READ: International Tiger Day 2024 Quiz

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

New Governors Appointed: Understanding

the Appointment Process for State Governors
in India

Major reshuffles have been seen in some major states of India. On Saturday, July 28, President
Droupadi Murmu appointed governors for the states of Rajasthan, Telangana, Maharashtra,
Punjab, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Assam, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh. The governor of Assam,
Lakshman Prasad Acharya, has been given an additional charge for Manipur.

The President of India overlooks the appointment of State Governors to act as the Central
government's representatives. This decision can be perceived as one of the major changes done
by the Modi government since coming back to power.

What are the New Appointments

Check the table to know the names of the new governors appointed along with the charge of the
state:
State/UT Current Governor/LG

Rajasthan Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde

Telangana Jishnu Dev Varma

Jharkhand Santosh Kumar Gangwar

Maharashtra C P Radhakrishnan

Assam & additional charge of Manipur Lakshman Prasad Acharya

Punjab Gulab Chand Kataria

Chhattisgarh Ramen Deka

Meghalaya C H Vijayashankar

Sikkim Om Prakash Mathur

Puducherry K Kailashnathan

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ALSO READ: Rashtrapati Bhawan: Another Hall Gets Renamed in Modi Government;
Check the New Names

Appointment of Governor in terms of Article Number

Since the post of a Governor is constitutional, there are articles mentioned in the constitution that
deal with the procedure of appointment and removal of the Governor of state and union territory:

- Governor for Each State: Article 153 of the Indian Constitution states that each state will
have a Governor. In 1956, an amendment allowed the center can appoint a Governor for two
or more states.
- Appointment by the President: As per Article 155 of the Constitution, the Governor of a
state is appointed by the President of India under the nomination of the central government.
- Term and Removal: According to Article 156, a governor has a five-year tenure that is
subject to change at the president's discretion. However, if the President withdraws support
before five years, the Governor must resign.
- Central Government's Role: The central government has the authority to nominate and
remove Governors. The President follows the advice of the Prime Minister and the Union
Council of Ministers.
Eligibility Criteria for Governor

Articles 157 and 158 of the Indian Constitution talk about the specific qualifications and conditions
required for the position of a Governor.

- The Governor must be a citizen of India

- He/She must be at least 35 years of age.
- He/She cannot be a member of Parliament or a state legislature.
- He/She must not hold any other office of profit.

ALSO READ: Paris Olympic 2024: A Comprehensive Quiz to Test Your Knowledge

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 26 July

2024- UNESCO World Heritage Site

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Paris Olympics 2024, UNESCO World Heritage Site,
Prime Minister's Indian Janaushadhi Center etc.

1. The historical 'Moidams' has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, in which state
is it located- Assam

2. The grand event of Paris Olympics 2024 is being organized on which river in Paris- Seine
River

3. What is India's rank in the recently released Global Passport Index- 82nd

4. Which Union Minister recently launched the 'Model Skill Loan Scheme'- Jayant Chaudhary

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 26 July 2024

5. India's first integrated agri-export facility will be set up at which port- Jawaharlal Nehru Port
(Mumbai)

6. The government has targeted to open how many Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi
Kendras across the country by March 31, 2027- 25,000

7. Recently RBI has approved the proposal of which bank to convert into a universal bank- AU
Small Finance Bank

8. Where did Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnav inaugurate the
country's 500th community radio station- Aizawl (Mizoram)

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Graveyard of Assam Royals now a World

Heritage Site; Check Its Cultural Significance

The Moidams in eastern Assam, a 700-year-old burial system of the Ahom dynasty, were added
to UNESCO’s World Heritage List on July 26, 2024. This makes them the first cultural site from
the Northeast to be included.

Culture Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat has welcomed this decision, saying that this day
would be remembered as a very significant one. He thanked UNESCO and the World Heritage
Committee for recognizing the cultural significance of the Moidams.

BREAKING!

New inscription on the @UNESCO #WorldHeritage List: Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of
the Ahom Dynasty, #India .

https://t.co/FfOspAHOlX #46WHC pic.twitter.com/H3NU2AdtIq

— UNESCO #Education #Sciences #Culture (@UNESCO) July 26, 2024

What are Moidams?

One more site added to the list of places that holds cultural importance on a global level. This
cultural site is located at the base of the Patkai Ranges in Assam. Moidams are home to the dead
bodies of the royal family of the Tai-Ahom tribe. There are approximately ninety moidams at the
site. These are hollow vaults made of brick, stone, or earth.

According to UNESCO, the Tai-Ahom built these moidams for 600 years, enhancing the natural
landscape of hills, forests, and water to create a sacred geography.

Cultural Significance of Moidams

Ahom kings and queens were buried in these moidams. Unlike Hindus, who typically cremate
their dead, the Ahoms, originating from the Tai people, preferred the burial system.

The height of a moidam usually indicates the power and status of the person buried inside.
However, most moidams are still unidentified, except for those of Gadhadhar Singha and Rudra

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Singha, a father-son duo who ruled the tribe for many years.

Inside the moidams, the dead king was buried with items he needed for the "afterlife," including
servants, horses, livestock, and even their wives. This similarity between Ahom burial practices
and those of ancient Egyptians has earned the Charaideo moidams the nickname "Pyramids of
Assam."

UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Cultural

UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site Name State

Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty Assam

Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas Karnataka

Santiniketan West Bengal

Dholavira: a Harappan City Gujarat

Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana Telangana

Jaipur City, Rajasthan Rajasthan

Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai Maharashtra

Historic City of Ahmadabad Gujarat

Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar Bihar

The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to

Chandigarh
the Modern Movement

Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat Gujarat

Hill Forts of Rajasthan Rajasthan

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The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Rajasthan

West Bengal, Sikkim,

Mountain Railways of India
Tamil Nadu

Red Fort Complex Delhi

West Bengal, Sikkim,

Mountain Railways of India
Tamil Nadu

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Gujarat

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) Maharashtra

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Bihar

West Bengal, Sikkim,

Mountain Railways of India
Tamil Nadu

Humayun's Tomb, Delhi Delhi

Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi Delhi

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh

Elephanta Caves Maharashtra

Great Living Chola Temples Tamil Nadu

Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Karnataka

Churches and Convents of Goa Goa

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Fatehpur Sikri Uttar Pradesh

Group of Monuments at Hampi Karnataka

Khajuraho Group of Monuments Madhya Pradesh

Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Tamil Nadu

Sun Temple, Konârak Odisha

Agra Fort Uttar Pradesh

Ajanta Caves Maharashtra

Ellora Caves Maharashtra

Taj Mahal Uttar Pradesh

UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Natural

UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site Name State Year of Notificatio

Kaziranga National Park Assam 1985

Keoladeo Ghana National Park Rajasthan 1985

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam 1985

Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers Uttarakhand 1988, 2005

Sundarbans National Park West Bengal 1987

Maharashtra,

Goa,
Western Ghats 2012
Karnataka,

Tamil Nadu and

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Kerala

Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh 2014

UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Mixed

A mixed heritage site is a place where components of both natural and cultural importance are
present, making it a mixed kind of heritage.
Mixed World Heritage Site State Year of Notification

Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim 2016

Check Full List Here:

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Vijay Kargil Diwas 2024: Story of a Soldier

who Survived 15 Bullets

When we think of the Kargil War, Captain Vikram Batra often comes to mind. However, there was
another soldier whose bravery was equally awe-inspiring. Despite being hit by 15 bullets, he
never abandoned his post, playing a crucial role in the Indian Army's successful capture of Tiger
Hill.

This hero is none other than Subedar Major (Honorary Captain) Yogendra Singh Yadav. He is the
youngest recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest gallantry award, at the age of 19, for
his heroic actions during the 1999 Kargil conflict.

Yogendra Singh Yadav: Hero Who Survived 15 Bullets

On the night of July 3, 1999, 19-year-old Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav was given a crucial
mission with the Ghatak Platoon of the 18th Grenadiers Regiment. Their task was to capture
three important bunkers on a steep, 16,500-foot cliff on Tiger Hill.

While the platoon was climbing the cliff with a rope, enemy forces fired many rockets at them.
Yadav was at the front of the cliff and thus got hit with several bullets. Despite this, he crawled to
the first enemy bunker and threw a grenade at them, killing about four Pakistani soldiers and
stopping their gunfire. This allowed the rest of the Indian platoon to climb the cliff.

Yadav, along with fellow soldiers, attacked the second bunker, killing more Pakistani soldiers and
helping the platoon reach the top. This was one of the toughest missions of the Kargil War.

Even with the harsh terrain, freezing cold, and heavy enemy fire, Yadav was the first in his
platoon to reach the top. After being hit by multiple bullets and grenade shrapnel, he kept fighting
and attacked the enemy bunkers. He didn’t leave his post till the rest of his platoon joined him at
the top, thus ensuring the capture of the hilltop.

Yadav's incredible bravery during the mission made him the youngest recipient of the Param Vir
Chakra (PVC).

In an interview with DD National, Yogendra Singh Yadav said, "A soldier is like a selfless lover.
With this unconditional love comes determination. For his love for the nation, his regiment, and his

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fellow soldiers, a soldier doesn't think twice before risking his life."

Kargil War: Timeline

Date Event

May 1999

May 3 Shepherds reports infiltrators at Batalik HQ; 70th Infantry Brigade arrives.

May 5 Patrol led by Captain Saurabh Kalia sent; the war begins.

May 6 NH 1A opens for traffic.

May 16 56th Mountain Brigade takes control of Dras-Mushkoh sector.

May 18 Indian army captures Point 4295 and 4460.

May 21 8th Sikh Regiment begins encirclement of Tiger Hill.

May 23 Chief of Army Staff (COAS) visits Kargil sector; and set operation priorities.

May 24 79th Mountain Brigade takes control of Mushkoh sub-sector.

May 26 Indian Air Force begins air operations in support of 15 Corps.

June 1999

June 1 HQ 8 Mountain Division completes takeover; military buildup begins.

June 3 8th Division takes charge west of Thasgam.

June 12 50 (I) Parachute Brigade arrives; talks stalled; deployment at Gumri.

June 13 56th Brigade captures Tololing and Point 4590.

June 14 Indian Army captures 'Hump'.

June 15 US President Bill Clinton urges PM Nawaz Sharif to withdraw.

June 20 56th Brigade captures Point 5140.

June 23 General Zinni visits Pakistan; G-8 calls for withdrawal.

June 26 192 Mountain Brigade arrives in Dras.

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June 28 56th Brigade captures Point 4700.

June 29 56th Brigade captures 'Black Rock', 'Three Pimple', and 'Knoll'.

July 1999

July 1 70 Brigade captures Point 5000.

July 3 70 Brigade captures Point 5287; 8th Sikh Regiment completes encirclement of Tiger Hill.

July 4 192 Brigade captures Tiger Hill; Clinton urges Sharif to talk to India.

July 5 79 Brigade captures Point 4875 Complex; Mushkoh and Dras declared clear of enemies.

July 12-18 Ceasefire for safe withdrawal of Pakistani soldiers (later resumed hostilities).

July 24 192 Brigade captures Zulu Spur Complex.

July 26 Official end of Kargil War.

PM Modi’s Warning to Pakistan

PM Modi is in Kargil on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas. Speaking at
the Kargil War Memorial, PM Modi said that India not only won the Kargil War 25 years ago but
also set a great example of "truth, restraint, and strength."

Giving a stern warning to Pakistan for its involvement in the recent terrorist attacks in that
Pakistan had failed in its past evil attempts but continues to try to stay relevant through terrorism
and proxy war.

"Pakistan has not learned anything from its history. Today, I am speaking from a place where the
leaders of terror can hear me directly. I want to tell these supporters of terrorism that their evil
plans will never succeed. Our soldiers will crush terrorism with full force, and the enemy will get a
strong response," PM Modi said.

Earlier in 2022, PM Modi had celebrated Diwali with soldiers in Kargil and laid a wreath at the
Kargil War Memorial, and paid tribute to the army personnel who lost their lives here in 1999.

ALSO READ: Grevin Gold Coin: List of Honors Awarded to Shahrukh Khan for His Acting
and Charity

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Rashtrapati Bhawan: Another Hall Gets

Renamed in Modi Government; Check the
New Names

In another name-changing decision taken during the tenure of the Modi Government, two halls of
the Rashtrapati Bhawan got their names changed. President Droupadi Murmu has renamed two
significant Rashtrapati Bhavan halls, ‘Durbar Hall’ and ‘Ashok Hall’, as ‘Ganatantra Mandap’ and
‘Ashok Mandap’ respectively.

The decision was made to ensure that the grand building will now reflect Indian cultural values
and traditions with these new names. Previously, the government had renamed the Mughal
Garden at Rashtrapati Bhavan to 'Amrit Udyan.'

What Did the Rashtrapati Bhawan Say?

The Rashtrapati Bhavan, serving as both the office and residence of the President of India,
symbolizes the nation and is an invaluable heritage of the people. Continuous efforts are being
made to make it more accessible to the public. There has been a consistent effort to ensure that
the ambiance of the Rashtrapati Bhavan reflects Indian cultural values and ethos, according to a
statement from the Rashtrapati Bhavan.

The statement further added, "Accordingly, President Droupadi Murmu is pleased to rename two
of the important halls of Rashtrapati Bhavan – namely, ‘Durbar Hall’ and ‘Ashok Hall’ – as
‘Ganatantra Mandap’ and ‘Ashok Mandap’ respectively.”

ALSO READ: Henley Passport Index: List of Countries Where Indians Can Travel Visa Free

Why the Name ‘Ganatantra Mandap’?

"Durbar Hall" is the place in the Rashtrapati Bhawan where important events and celebrations of
the country, including the presentation of National Awards, take place.

- The name "Durbar" refers to courts and assemblies of Indian rulers and the British.
- It became outdated after India became a Republic, known as 'Ganatantra.'
- The concept of 'Ganatantra' has deep roots in Indian society from ancient times.

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- Renaming the venue to 'Ganatantra Mandap' is considered appropriate.

Why the Name ‘Ashok Mandap’?

Originally known as Ashok Hall, Ashok Mandap was a ballroom. According to the statement
issued by the Rashtrapati Bhawan, the hall was named ‘Ashok’ because:

- The term "Ashok" means "free from all sufferings" or "bereft of any sorrow."
- The name "Ashoka" also refers to Emperor Ashok, symbolizing peace and harmonious
coexistence.
- Moreover, Ashok's lion capital from Sarnath is the National Emblem of the Republic of India.
- Furthermore, the term ‘Ashok’ relates to the Ashok tree, which holds great significance in
Indian religious traditions, arts, and culture.
- Renaming "Ashok Hall" to "Ashok Mandap" maintains the important values of "Ashok.

The statement further adds, "Renaming 'Ashok Hall' as 'Ashok Mandap' maintains the important
values associated with the word 'Ashok' while bringing uniformity in language and eliminating any
indications of anglicization.

ALSO READ: Grevin Gold Coin: List of Honors Awarded to Shahrukh Khan for His Acting
and Charity

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Today Current Affairs One Liners: 25 July

2024- Olympic Winter Games 2030

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Olympic Winter Games 2030, Paris Olympics 2024,
Goa Shipyard Limited, International Olympic Committee etc.

1. Two advanced Triput class ships were built for the Indian Navy by- Goa Shipyard Limited

2. When is the Paris Olympics 2024 starting- 26 July 2024

3. Who has been appointed the captain of Sri Lanka in the T20I series against India?- Charith
Asalanka

4. Who among the following has been re-elected to the International Olympic Committee- Nita
Ambani

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 25 July 2024

5. Which country will host the Olympic Winter Games 2030- France

6. What is the name of the Darbar Hall in Rashtrapati Bhavan- 'Ganatantra Mandap'

7. Who are the flag bearers of the Indian contingent at the opening ceremony of Paris Olympics
2024- PV Sindhu and Achanta Sharath Kamal

8. Which will be the fourth capital city of the Northeast region to come under railway connectivity
by July next year- Aizawl

ALSO READ:

Who became the flag bearer of India in the Olympic Games?

Check the complete schedule of Indian players in Paris Olympics 2024

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Grevin Gold Coin: List of Honors Awarded to

Shahrukh Khan for His Acting and Charity

The Grevin Museum in Paris has honored Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan with personalized
gold coins. This has made Shahrukh Khan the first Indian actor to ever receive this honor. The
customized coin serves as a representation of his accomplishments and influence in the movie
business.

Social media is buzzing with enthusiasm over the actor's honor, with various fan clubs of the actor
gushing all over this honor.

Did you know that the world’s biggest superstar Shah Rukh Khan has made history by being the
first Indian actor to have a special coin dedicated to him at Paris' Grevin Museum. "Saari duniya
par main chhaoon" indeed, King Khan! @iamsrk #ShahRukhKhan #GrevinMuseum…
pic.twitter.com/QQmhIpyHzK

— Shah Rukh Khan Universe Fan Club (@SRKUniverse) July 25, 2024
Mahatma Gandhi Before Shahrukh Khan

Apart from Shahrukh Khan, the only Indian to receive such an honor was Mahatma Gandhi.
However, the museum features wax statues of many Indians, including politicians, actors, and
players.

Shahrukh Khan’s Relation with Awards

Shah Rukh Khan’s significant influence on global culture has earned him nearly 200 awards from
international organizations.

UNESCO's Pyramide con Marni Award (2011): Shah Rukh Khan was the first Indian actor to
ever receive this award. He was awarded this honor for his philanthropic work in children's
education.

Locarno International Film Festival Career Achievement Honour: SRK will be the first Indian
actor to receive the Pardo alla Carriere Ascona-Locarno Tourism award at Switzerland's biggest
film festival. His film "Devdas" (2002) will also be screened during the festival.

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Yale Chubb Fellowship: SRK was honored with this fellowship for his films and philanthropic
activity. He was recognized for using art to promote higher ideals.

Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres: SRK is among the few Indian actors to receive
this French government award. This award is only given to those individuals who have played a
great role in enriching and influencing French culture.

Wax Statues Across the Globe: Several wax museums worldwide, including those in the US,
UK, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Thailand, India, Singapore, and Australia, contain
Shahrukh Khan’s wax figures.

ALSO READ: Why UN Praised India? Check the Top 10 Countries with Most Forest Gains

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Why UN Praised India? Check the Top 10

Countries with Most Forest Gains

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has released a new report showing that India
increased its forest land area by 2,66,000 hectares per year between 2010 and 2020. This feat
has placed the country at third position out of the top 10 countries with the most advances in this
time frame.

China and Australia emerged as the top 2 countries on the list, with China adding 1,937,000
hectares of forest and Australia adding 446,000 hectares.

India Getting Praised Globally

The UN agency has praised India for its efforts in restoring damaged lands and increasing
agroforestry in the country. The agency also praised the government for creating a new national
policy that supports agroforestry efforts in the country.

China At the Top

According to the recently released report, China has emerged as the top country with the most
forest gains between the years 2010 and 2020. China managed to increase its forest cover by
1,937,000 hectares in these 10 years. Australia followed with 446,000 hectares, with India coming
next. Other countries in the top 10 are Chile, Vietnam, Turkey, the United States, France, Italy,
and Romania.

ALSO READ: Which Country has the Lightest and the Strongest Train in the World? Check
Full Details

Top 10 Countries with Highest Forest Gain

Check the below table to know the top 10 countries with the most forest area gains between the
years 2010 and 2020:
Rank Name of the Country Forest Area Gain

1st China 19,370 km2

2nd Australia 4,460 km2

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3rd India 2,660 km2

4th Chile 1,490 km2

5th Vietnam 1,260 km2

6th Turkey 1,140 km2

7th USA 1,080 km2

8th France 830 km2

9th Italy 540 km2

10th Romania 410 km2

Significant Drop in Deforestation

The study observed a significant decline in deforestation in a few nations. The Amazon forest of
Brazil saw a 50% decrease in deforestation in the year 2023, while Indonesia saw an 8.4%
decline in deforestation from 2021 to 2022.

Additionally, the FAO reported that comparing the ten years between 2000 and 2010, and 2010
and 2020, there was reportedly a 23% decrease in the loss of mangroves globally.

ALSO READ: File Your Income Tax Return (ITR) 2024 On WhatsApp in Simple Steps

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Which Country has the Lightest and the

Strongest Train in the World? Check Full
Details

China has once again reinforced its global authority in the field of technology. As reported by
Interesting Engineering, China has introduced the world’s first passenger train made entirely of
carbon fiber. According to its developer, Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Co (a part of China
Railway Construction Corporation), the train has finished factory testing phase. The train will be
ready for use in the coastal city later this year.

This new train is much lighter than the traditional ones used in the country, thus significantly
reducing pollution, according to Yahoo Tech.

Eco-friendly Approach

The Cetrovo 1.0, or Carbon Star Rapid Transit, was introduced in Qingdao, Shandong, on July
17. This new metro train is much lighter than traditional steel trains. This will help reduce smog
significantly, thus reducing pollution.

The main aim of this project is to create lightweight vehicles that perform similarly or better than
old models with less fuel or energy used. This approach of making trains with lighter substitutes of
heavy metals like carbon fiber can contribute to a cleaner environment.

According to Yahoo Tech, this new train can reach speeds of up to 87 mph. Qingdao Sifang
reports that it will use 7% less energy compared to a standard steel train. This is a significant step
forward in eco-friendly transportation, as the reduction in energy consumption aligns with broader
environmental goals.

Special Features of the Train:

- The train can reach a top speed of 140 kilometers per hour.
- This speed is significantly higher than the average 80 kilometers per hour of Chinese metro
trains.
- It is fully automated and driverless.
- The train’s structure uses composite materials made from carbon fiber.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

- The carbon fiber body and bogie frame are approximately 25% and 50% lighter, respectively,
compared to traditional steel, aluminum, and other metal structures.
- A lighter train means less wear on the wheels and tracks, which will lower maintenance costs.

ALSO READ: Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi: Air India Express starts Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi Direct
Flight Service; Check Full Schedule Here

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 24 July

2024- US Secret Service

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Union Budget 2024, Federal Bank, Global South
Innovation Programme, Swiss Open 2024 etc.

1. The loan limit under the Mudra scheme has been increased to – 20 lakh

2. Yuki Bhambri won which doubles title with France's Albano Olivetti- Swiss Open

3. What is the defense budget in the Union Budget 2024-25- 6.22 lakh crore

4. Who was recently appointed as the acting chief of the US Secret Service- Ronald L. Rowe Jr.

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 24 July 2024

5. How many crores of rupees have been allocated for the 'Khelo India' initiative in the Union
Budget 2024-25 - 900 crores

6. NITI Aayog has recently collaborated with whom for the Global South Innovation Program-
WIPO

7. Krishnan Venkat Subramaniam has recently been appointed as the CEO and MD of which
bank- Federal Bank

8. Who has been appointed as the new president of Mumbai Cricket Association- Ajinkya Naik

ALSO READ:

How to file Income Tax Return (ITR) 2024 through WhatsApp?

Air India starts Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi direct flight, check schedule here

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Henley Passport Index: List of Countries

Where Indians Can Travel Visa Free

The Henley Passport Index has published its 2024 rankings of the world's most powerful
passports, with India placed at 82nd. Indian passport holders can now travel to 58 countries
without a visa. This is a drop of two positions from last year when India was ranked 80th.

The Henley Passport Index provides a detailed look at global travel privileges. The index uses
data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to calculate the ranks of the
countries.

Top 10 Most Powerful Passports in the World

According to the Henley Passport Index, Singapore has restored its status as the most powerful
passport in the world, granting visa-free travel to a record 195 international locations to its
citizens.
Rank Country’s Name Visa Free Acc

1st Singapore 195

2nd France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain 192

3rd Austria, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden 191

4th Belgium, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom 190

5th Australia, Portugal 189

6th Greece, Poland 188

7th Canada, Czechia, Hungary, Malta 187

8th United States of America 186

9th Estonia, Lithuania, UAE 185

10th Iceland, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia 184

Henley Passport Index: India’s Rank

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India's passport ranking has varied over the years. In 2014, India was ranked at 76th rank,
allowing visa-free travel to 52 countries. India improved its ranking this year, moving up to 82nd
place from 84th last year.
Year Rank

2024 82nd

2023 80th

2022 87th

2021 81st

2020 82nd

2019 82nd

2018 81st

2017 87th

2016 85th

2015 88th

Which Countries Give Visa-Free Access to India?

The following 58 countries do not require a visa for entry for holders of an Indian passport:
Country Country

Angola Malaysia

Barbados Maldives

Bhutan Marshall Islands

Bolivia Mauritania

British Virgin Islands Mauritius

Burundi Micronesia

Cambodia Montserrat

Cape Verde Islands Mozambique

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Comoro Islands Myanmar

Cook Islands Nepal

Djibouti Niue

Dominica Palau Islands

Ethiopia Qatar

Fiji Rwanda

Grenada Samoa

Guinea-Bissau Senegal

Haiti Seychelles

Indonesia Sierra Leone

Iran Somalia

Jamaica Sri Lanka

Jordan St. Kitts and Nevis

Kazakhstan St. Lucia

Kenya St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Kiribati Tanzania

Laos Thailand

Macao (SAR China) Timor-Leste

Madagascar Trinidad and Tobago

Vanuatu Tuvalu

Zimbabwe

ALSO READ: File Your Income Tax Return (ITR) 2024 On WhatsApp in Simple Steps

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

File Your Income Tax Return (ITR) 2024 On

WhatsApp in Simple Steps

One of the biggest challenges taxpayers face when filing income tax returns is dealing with
technical terms and jargon. There are many fields in tax filing forms that need to be completed.

Platforms like ClearTax have simplified the ITR filing process. The newly introduced method of
filing ITR directly through WhatsApp has the potential to revolutionize the field. With the deadline
for filing Income Tax Returns approaching on July 31, it's important to complete the forms on time
to avoid late fees.

ITR Filing Through WhatsApp

ClearTax has launched a new way to file ITR directly through WhatsApp. The company offers an
easy way of filing ITR in English, Hindi, and Kannada language options. Users can now access
ITR1 and ITR4 forms on the platform.

The main benefiter from this initiative will be the salaried employees who find the ITR filing
process a tedious one.

Which ITR Can be Filed Through WhatsApp?

The service currently supports ITR 1 and ITR 4 forms, which are suitable for most low-income
taxpayers.

ITR-1 (also known as SAHAJ): This form is for those who earn income from pensions or
salaries, a single house property, or other sources (except betting, gambling, and lotteries).

ITR-4 (also known as Sugam): This form is for individuals, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs),
and Partnership Firms that earn income from a business or profession.

Documents Required

You can file your ITR using ClearTax's WhatsApp ITR Filing service. Make sure to have the
following documents ready:

- PAN card

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

- AADHAR card
- Bank account details (if seeking a refund)

You can either submit these documents as images or enter the details manually

How to File ITR Through WhatsApp?

Follow the given steps to file your ITR through WhatsApp:

Step 1: Send a message to ClearTax’s WhatsApp number: +91 8951262134.

Step 2: Select your preferred language from the options available.

Step 3: Type your PAN Card Number or send a picture of your PAN card.

Step 4: Fill in all the details as required, such as date of birth, Adhaar card number, and personal
email address.

Step 5: Verify your email address by OTP received.

Step 6: Enter the OTP received on your Adhaar-linked mobile number and email address, sent by
the tax department in the chat box.

Step 7: ClearTax will provide a summary of your tax information. After reviewing it, you can click
on ‘Do e-file’ to proceed.

Step 8: If you are outside the tax bracket, you'll receive a message stating, ‘E-filing initiated, but
payment is pending.’ Click on the link provided if you need to make a tax payment. You can
altogether skip this step if there is no payment required.

Step 9: Click on ‘Proceed to e-file’ after completing the payment.

Step 10: After filing your ITR, click on ‘Tax Verification.’ An OTP will be generated, which you
need to share to complete the process.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi: Air India Express

starts Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi Direct Flight
Service; Check Full Schedule Here

Air India is undergoing major transformations under Tata Sons' ownership. In a significant move,
Air India Express has launched a new fleet of non-stop flights connecting Bengaluru to Abu
Dhabi. This service marks Air India’s first international route from Bengaluru.

Bengaluru, the city of technology, now has over 200 Air India flights scheduled weekly,
connecting 27 locations. This makes Bengaluru Air India’s largest base in the country.

Air India’s Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi: Schedule

The newly launched Air India Express service offers direct flights from Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi,
departing from Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) at 3:25 PM and arriving in Abu Dhabi at
6:55 PM. The total travel time is approximately 3.5 hours, thus saving time for travellers.
Departure
Route Day Arrival Time
Time

Bengaluru to Abu Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays,

3:25 PM 6:00 PM
Dhabi Sundays

Abu Dhabi to Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, 12:40 AM (nex

6:55 PM
Bengaluru Sundays day)

How Will This Help Travellers?

Bengaluru is Air India Express's largest hub, with over 200 weekly flights connecting to 27
destinations. With the new service, passengers from cities like Ayodhya, Bhubaneswar, Chennai,
Goa, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Pune, and Visakhapatnam can now travel to Abu
Dhabi with a one-stop connection through Bengaluru.

Additionally, Air India Express offers direct flights between Abu Dhabi and seven other Indian
cities.

How Much Time Will be Saved with Direct Flights?

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The introduction of direct flights significantly reduces travel time for passengers. Typically, flights
connecting Bengaluru to Abu Dhabi with a one-stop itinerary take about 7-8 hours. However, the
new direct flights will only take 3.5 to 4 hours, cutting travel time nearly in half.

Other Cities With Direct Air India Express Flights to Abu Dhabi

Air India Express operates direct flights connecting Abu Dhabi to:

- Bengaluru
- Kannur
- Kochi
- Kozhikode
- Mangaluru
- Mumbai
- Thiruvananthapuram
- Tiruchirappalli

Additionally, it connects 17 Indian cities to Abu Dhabi via convenient one-stop itineraries.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Joe Biden Withdraws from American

Election: Meet Kamala Harris, the First
Indian-American Presidential Candidate

The withdrawal of Joe Biden’s candidature from the presidential election has drastically changed
the political scenario of the American elections. The race for the White House is now going to
happen between Democrat candidate Kamla Harris and Republican candidate Donald Trump in
what is expected to be a highly competitive and significant election of the year.

Biden declared that he would not run for reelection "in the best interests" of his party and nation
on X (formerly known as Twitter). He has declared his support for Kamla Harris as the new
Democratic nominee for the presidential election. Harris reacted to his announcement, saying that
she was "honoured to have the President's endorsement and my intention is to earn and win this
nomination."

Who is Kamla Harris?

Kamala Harris's candidacy is important in American political history because she comes from a
diverse background. Kamla Harris was born to Shyama Gopalan, a Tamil biologist, and Donald J.
Harris, a Jamaican-American professor in California, US.

In 2020, Harris made history by becoming the first woman, the first African American and the first
Asian American to be elected Vice President. After earning degrees in Economics and Political
Science, she pursued a law career and joined the Bar Association in 1990. That same year, she
began working as a deputy district attorney in California.

ALSO READ: Economic Survey 2024: Key Highlights by FM Nirmala Sitharaman, Download PDF

Kamla Harris: Political Carrer and Achievements

Democrat candidate Kamla Harris is a famous political figure in America. She is best known for
supporting tax and health reforms, citizenship for immigrants, and gun control laws. She started
her political career in the year 2003 when she won the district attorney election in San Francisco.

- 2021: Became the first African-American and the first Asian American Vice President of the

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

United States.
- 2017: Elected as a junior US senator from California.
- 2010 and 2014: Served two terms as California's attorney general.
- 2003: Elected as San Francisco's district attorney.
Democrats Senators React to this Announcement

Vice President Kamala Harris was quickly endorsed by numerous Democrats to oppose Donald
Trump as the party's presidential candidate following Joe Biden's abrupt withdrawal from the race
on July 21. Soon after Biden dropped his nomination, the list of Democratic politicians backing
Harris as a presidential candidate grew.

The list includes US Senators Mark Kelly of Arizona, Patty Murray of Washington state, James
Clyburn of South Carolina, Joe Shapiro of Pennsylvania, and Jared Polis of Colorado, North
Carolina, Governor Roy Cooper of North Carolina, and Representative Pramila Jayapal of
Washington, according to news agency Reuters.

ALSO READ: Budget 2024: When will FM Nirmala Sitharaman Present Union Budget?
Here's All You Need to Know

ALSO READ: Economic Survey 2024: How to Register for "Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of
Youth"?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Union Budget 2024 Viksit Bharat: FM Outlines

9 Key Priorities for a 'Viksit Bharat'

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Budget 2024-25 today, marking the first
budget since the third-term victory under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's leadership. This is
Sitharaman's seventh consecutive budget.

The budget highlights investment in various schemes, including those benefiting states.
Additionally, it focuses on nine major priorities aimed at achieving 'Developed India'. Let's explore
these priorities in detail.

Aim of Viksit Bharat@2047

The primary goal of "Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of Youth" is to gather ideas from young
people on how to transform India into a developed nation by 2047. By engaging the youth, the
program seeks to foster a sense of involvement and ownership among citizens, ensuring that their
voices are heard and their contributions recognized in the journey toward a prosperous and
developed India.

Union Budget 2024: Viksit Bharat 9 Priorities

Viksit Bharat 9 Priorities What is Special

Productivity and resilience in agriculture Allocated Rs 1.52 lakh crore for agriculture and allied secto

Allocated Rs 1.48 lakh crore for education, employment and

Employment and skilling
skilling

Inclusive human resource development Loans up to Rs 10 lakh for higher education in domestic
and Social justice institutions

Manufacturing & Services MUDRA loan limit increased from Rs 10 lakh to Rs 20 lakh

Urban development PMAY Urban Housing 2.0- Allocated Rs 10 lakh crore

PM Suryaghar Muft Bijli Yojana- 300 units free electricity ev

Energy security
month

Infrastructure 25,000 new rural habitations to be constructed

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Operationalise Anusandhan National Research Fund for ba

Innovation, research and development
research

Boosting the productivity of resources, and making markets

Next generation reforms
industries more efficient

ALSO READ: Union Budget 2024 Highlights and Important Pointers, Download PDF!

Productivity and Resilience in Agriculture:

The Finance Minister announced the allocation of Rs 1.52 lakh crore for the agriculture and allied
sectors of the country for the financial year. Under this announcement, 10,000 need-based bio-
input resource centres will be built.

Furthermore, Nirmala Sitharaman stated that one crore farmers will be introduced to natural
farming in the duration of the next two years.

Employment and Skilling

Rs 1.48 lakh crore would be allocated in the Union Budget for 2024–25 for employment, skill
development, and education sector of the country. FM also announced the schemes for
employment-linked skilling, as part of the prime minister’s package.

Individuals entering the workforce will be eligible to receive one month’s wage, up to Rs 15,000 in
three installments.

Inclusive human resource development and Social justice

The government will finance loans up to Rs 10 Lakh for higher education in domestic institutions
under this priority.

Sitharaman emphasized that boosting women's participation in the workforce is a priority. To

achieve this, the government will set up hostels and partner with organizations to create skill
development programs specifically for women.

Manufacturing & Services

Under this priority, special attention has been given to MSMEs. "A credit guarantee scheme will
be introduced to facilitate term loans to MSMEs," says FM Nirmala Sitharaman. The program will
work to reduce these MSMEs' credit risks. Each applicant will receive coverage of up to Rs 100

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

crore from a self-financing guarantee fund, however, the loan amount may be greater.

Urban Development

The finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that under PMAY Urban Housing 2.0,
housing needs living in urban areas of the country will be met with a budget of Rs 10 lakh crore.
The central government will contribute Rs 2 lakh crore as aid and offer subsidized rates for these
housing projects.

Energy security

To promote energy security, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the PM Suryaghar
Muft Bijli Yojana, which will install rooftop solar plants, allowing one crore households to get 300
units of free electricity each month.

In order to shift towards a more sustainable choice of energy, the government has also promised
new research in nuclear technology.

Infrastructure

The Union Budget also announced PMGSY 4.0. The government has promised to construct
25,000 new rural homes under this scheme. Additionally, the Modi governement also announced
plans to build flood control structures with financial support of Rs 11,500 crore.

Innovation, research, and development

The government will start a new fund for basic research and prototype development, named
Anusandhan National Research Fund. Additionally, FM also announced to establish system that
encourages private sector-led research and innovation on a commercial scale.

Next Generation Reforms

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that the government will start and encourage
reforms to

- boost the productivity of resources, and

- make markets and industries more efficient.

ALSO READ: Economic Survey 2024: How to Register for "Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of
Youth"?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Union Budget 2024 Highlights and Important

Pointers, Download PDF!

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman have started presenting the Union Budget for 2024–25
today, June 23, 2024. According to Sitharaman, this year's Union Budget is focused on Gareeb,
women, youth, and farmers of the country. FM Sitharaman declared intentions to increase
expenditure, generate employment, and help the middle class.

Union Budget 2024: Official PDF (Click Here)

Union Budget 2024: Key Highlights for UPSC (Click Here)

The Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are expected to hold 20-hour discussions on the budget, while
the Lower House is anticipated to hold separate debates on the ministries of railways, education,
health, MSME, and food processing, according to sources.

On July 22, Sitharaman presented the Economic Survey 2023–24, with a focus on investment,
skill development, and employment.

Union Budget 2024 Key Highlights

FM Nirmala Sitharaman will be presenting the budget in the parliament very soon. She has
already posed for the media with the tablet encased in a red sleeve.

Things that Became Cheap

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a significant reduction in customs duty on

various items thus making several goods cheaper and more affordable for middle class. Here's a
list of products that will become cheap in the coming days:

- Cancer medicines (three specific medicines fully exempt from customs duty)
- Mobile phones and related parts
- Imported gold
- Imported silver
- Leather goods
- Seafood
Savings from New Tax Regime

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

The New Tax Regime's Standard Deduction has been increased from Rs 30,000 to Rs 75,000.
This will save Rs 17,500.

Announcement for Start-ups

On promoting #Investment, #Employment & #SocialSecurity, Union Budget 2024-25 proposes:

Angel tax for all classes of investors to be abolished, to bolster Indian start-up eco-system

Corporate tax rate on foreign companies to be reduced from 40% to 35%

Simpler tax… pic.twitter.com/MxHEQ6cBQU

— Ministry of Finance (@FinMinIndia) July 23, 2024

- TDS on online purchases is reduced from 1% to 0.1 percent.
- Capital gains over the short term will be 20%. LTCG for certain assets will be 12.5%
- Unlisted bonds and debentures are subject to capital gains tax.
- Elimination of the angel tax for all investor classes.
Good News for Tax-payers: Tax Slab Changed

The Modi Government finally decided to give some relief to the tax-payers of the country. Finance
Minister has introduced new tax regime which includes:
Income Range Tax Rate
Up to Rs 3 lakh No tax
Rs 3 lakh - Rs 7 lakh 5 percent
Rs 7 lakh - Rs 10 lakh 10 percent
Rs 10 lakh - Rs 12 lakh 15 percent
Above Rs 15 lakh 30 percent
Mudra Loan Limit Increased

The Modi government has decided to increase the limit for taking Mudra Loan from 10 lakh to 20
lakh. The increased loan amount will only be available to those individuals who have taken out the
loan under TARUN category and has already repaid it.

Mobile Phone and Charger To Become Cheap

FM Nirmala Sitharaman has announced the decrease of custom duty by 15% on mobile phone
and its charger. This will lessen the cost of these electronic items.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Big Announcement for Organic Farmers

One crore farmers would be introduced to organic farming over the course of the next two years
with the help of branding and certification. The government has also announced the release of
109 varieties of 32 different crops.

1.48 Lakh Crore for Education Sector

FM Nirmala Sitharaman announces the allotment of 1.48 lakh crore for the education and
employment sector of the nation. The amount is also to be spent on the skill development of the
youth.

Prof. Vidya Mahambare, Union Bank Chair Professor of Economics and Director, Great Lakes
Institute of Management, Chennai reacted to this announcement saying, "The budget focuses on
providing financial support for higher education through student loans and e-vouchers. There is a
welcome emphasis on aligning skill development with industry requirements via upgrading
industrial training institutes. This is crucial for addressing the skills gap and enhancing
employability. While these initiatives are significant, the budget lacks specific measures
addressing the supply side of the education sector, such as skill-upgradation of teachers and
addressing the teacher shortage. Even in the era of online education, face-to-face instruction will
continue to be the primary mode of education for most children. The budget also does not
mention the progress made by the National Education Policy regarding its implementation via
collaboration with the state governments. To transform India's education landscape, a more
holistic approach with a balanced focus on demand and supply is necessary."

Government to Skill More Than 4 Cr Youth

Finanace Minister announces 5 new schemes worth more than 2 lakh crore. The main focus of
these schemes are to be on skilling 4.1 crore youth, making them job-ready.

What is a Union Budget?

As per the Indian Constitution's Article 112, the Union Budget, also known as the annual financial
statement, presents the government's expected receipts and expenditures for the specific year.

The Union Budget records the government's finances for the fiscal year that begins on April 1 and
ends on March 31. Revenue Budget and Capital Budget are two categories of the Union Budget.

Union Budget 2024: Expectations

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

There are many expectations shouldered on the Modi 3.0’s first budget.

Income Tax Relief

Taxpayers are eagerly waiting for major tax reliefs from the first Budget of the newly elected NDA
government. They hope for changes like increasing the standard deduction limit or readjusting the
income tax brackets.

Taxpayers want the 2024 Budget to include measures that will reduce their financial burden.

Rural Infrastructure Development

It is anticipated that policies supporting agriculture and rural communities will be promoted in this
Union Budget. This could involve boosting funding for agricultural projects and rural
infrastructure.

This will boost the rural economy and encourage balanced growth between urban and rural areas.

Maintaining Fiscal Deficit

The NDA government aims to maintain the fiscal deficit target for FY25 at 5.1% of GDP,
consistent with the goal set in Modi 2.0’s last interim budget. Moreover, a plan for reducing the
fiscal deficit beyond FY26 may also be outlined in this Union Budget.

Job Creation Policies

The focus will also be on creating jobs through capital spending and targeted social programs, in
line with the 'Viksit Bharat' initiative. Additionally, a plan for reducing the fiscal deficit beyond FY26
may be outlined.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Old Tax Vs New Tax Regime: Get a Full

Understanding of What Changed?

Finance Minister Nirmal Sitharaman has announced a new tax slab in the recently presented
Union Budget. The new tax regime is said to be beneficial for the salaried individuals as well as
pensioners. The National Pension Scheme has also undergone minor changes in this Union
Budget.

FM Nirmala Sitharaman announced changes to the new tax regime slabs and an increase in the
standard tax deduction from 50,000 to 75,000. However, the deduction will remain unchanged at
50,000 as per the old tax regime. FM Sitharaman further announced an increase in the deduction
slab for the family pensioners. Under the new tax regime, the deduction will go up from 15,000 to
25,000.

New Vs. Old Tax Regime

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced the new tax regime that is said to benefit
more than four crore salaried employees as well as pensioners.
Income Range Old Tax Regime New Tax Regime

0 to Rs 2,50,000 Nil Nil

Rs 2,50,001 to Rs 3,00,000 5% Nil

Rs 3,00,001 to Rs 5,00,000 5% 5%

Rs 5,00,001 to Rs 6,00,000 20% 5%

Rs 6,00,001 to Rs 9,00,000 20% 10%

Rs 9,00,001 to Rs 10,00,000 20% 15%

Rs10,00,001 to Rs12,00,000 30% 15%

Rs 12,00,001 to Rs 15,00,000 30% 20%

Rs15,00,001 and above 30% 30%

What Does it Imply?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Nirmala Sitharaman mentioned that people choosing the new tax regime will be able to save
17,500 per financial year. The salaried employees having an annual income of less than or up to
3 lakh per annum will have to pay no tax under this new tax regime.

Changes in the NPS

The National Pension System (NPS) deduction on employers' contributions to employees' basic
salaries has increased from 10% to 14%. This change will apply to public sector companies and
the private sector under the new regime, the finance minister said.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

8th Pay Commission: Will Modi Government

Fulfill the Demands of Central Government
Employees?

The Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has started the presentation of her record 7th time
Union Budget in the Lok Sabha. The government has made several key announcements till now.
It is highly expected that the Modi government will announce the formation of the 8th Pay
Commission for central government employees.

More than 49 lakh central government and around 67 lakh pensioners are eagerly waiting for the
government to make the announcement. Modi government announced the formation of the 7th
Pay Commission in the year 2016.

Demand of Central Government Employees

Central government employees are calling for an increase in the fitment factor from 2.57 to 3.68.
This factor is a crucial multiplier used to determine salaries and pensions. For instance, the 2.57
fitment factor was used when updating salaries from the 6th Central Pay Commission to the 7th
Pay Commission.

The 6th Pay Commission recommended a fitment factor of 1.86, while the 7th Pay Commission
set it at 2.57. This change increased the minimum basic pay for central government employees
from Rs 7,000 to Rs 18,000 per month, reflecting a 2.57-fold rise. Now, employees are requesting
the government to raise the fitment factor to 3.68 to further improve their salaries and benefits.

Refer to the table below for a better understanding:

Minimum Basic Pay (per Percentage
Pay Commission Fitment Factor
month) Increase

6th Pay
1.86 Rs 7,000 -
Commission

7th Pay
2.57 Rs 18,000 2.57-fold increase
Commission

Proposed 3.68 - 44.44%

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

How Much Time Does It Take for Pay Commission to Submit Report?

Even if the Modi Government announces the formation of the 7th Pay Commission, it will take
approximately 12 to 18 months for the commission to submit a report. During this time, the
commission reviews different factors, including the current economic situation, to suggest
changes to employee salaries and benefits.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 22 July

2024- Union Budget 2024-25

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Economic Survey 2023-24, Women's Asia Cup 2024,
Indian football team head coach etc.

1. Who has been appointed as India's ambassador to the USA- Vinay Mohan Kwatra

2. In the Economic Survey 2023-24, what is the amount recommended for PM Kisan Yojana-
8000

3. How much money has BCCI contributed for the Paris Olympics campaign- 8.5 crores

4. Who will be honored by IFFM for contribution to Indian cinema- Ram Charan

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 22 July 2024

5. Manolo Marquez has been appointed the head coach of the Indian men's football team. He
belongs to which country- Spain

6. Who has become the highest run-scorer for India in women's T20I- Smriti Mandhana

7. Yuki Bhambri and Albano Olivet have won which men's doubles title- Swiss Open

8. Who has been recently inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame- Leander Paes and Vijay
Amritraj

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Economic Survey 2024: Key Highlights by FM

Nirmala Sitharaman, Download PDF

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Economic Survey 2023–24 to the Parliament
on the first day of the budget session. It is anticipated that the Economic Survey will give a sneak
peek at the Budget 2024 that is to be presented tomorrow.

Click Here: Economic Survey 2024 (Official PDF)

FM Sitharaman will propose the Union Budget 2024 to the Parliament on July 23, 2024. The
newly elected NDA administration, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the third time in a row,
will present its first budget this year.

Key Highlights of the Economic Survey:

According to the Economic Survey presented in the Lok Sabha, some key highlights are as
mentioned below:

New Education Policy Transforming Education

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is transforming education with a focus on ensuring that
all children can read, write and do basic math by grade 3. The ‘Poshan bhi Padhai bhi’ program
aims to create the world's largest network of high-quality preschools at Anganwadi Centers.

Health Sector Reforms in NDA Government

Ayushman Bharat, a health insurance scheme, is saving lives and preventing families from falling
into debt, says the Economic Survey 2024.

Over 34.7 crore people have been issued Ayushman Bharat cards, covering over 7.37 crore
hospital admissions. This program has saved poor and underprivileged families over 1.25 lakh
crore rupees in out-of-pocket medical expenses.

ALSO READ: Budget 2024: When will FM Nirmala Sitharaman Present Union Budget?
Here's All You Need to Know

Retail Inflation Declined to 5.4% in FY24

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Despite challenges like global issues, supply chain problems, and unpredictable monsoon
seasons, India managed to control the inflation rate through administrative policies and monetary
measures taken by the government. This brought down inflation from an average of 6.7% in FY23
to 5.4% in FY24.

India’s Economy on the Path of Recovery

According to the Economic Survey, India's economy has recovered well since the pandemic. Real
GDP in FY24 was 20% higher than pre-pandemic levels (FY20).

The nation is expected to see continued strong growth in FY25, but there are some risks to
consider (geopolitical, financial markets, and climate).

Unemployment Rate Going Down:

As per the Economic Survey, the unemployment rate has been going down since the pandemic.

The survey also mentioned a positive trend for women in the workforce. The female participation
rate has been rising for the past six years, mainly by rural women joining the workforce.

Good Monsoon will boost the Country’s Economy:

According to the Economic Survey, despite the global uncertainties, domestic factors boosted
India's economic growth in FY24. Good monsoon rains so far should improve agriculture and rural
demand.

Indian Economy Performed Well:

The Indian economy performed well in FY24, demonstrating resilience and continued growth.
India's economy maintained its strong momentum from the previous year despite global
challenges.

Real GDP growth reached 8.2%, exceeding 7% for the third year in a row. Reforms like GST and
IBC are working as intended.

India’s Real GDP Growth Projected at 6.5-7%:

As per the Economic Survey, the projection for the country’s real GDP growth stands between
6.5% to 7%. This projection is estimated by taking a conservative approach, however, according
to some experts India’s GDP growth will surpass the mentioned value.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

What is an Economic Survey?

The Economic Survey is a pre-budget document prepared by the Economic Division of the
Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. It is prepared under the supervision of the
Chief Economic Advisor.

This document provides an insight on the state of the economy and various indicators for the year
2023-24 (April-March). It also offers some insights about the financial condition of the country for
the current year.

When was the Economic Survey First Presented?

The Economic Survey document may also give some hints about the actual sound and shape of
the upcoming Budget for 2024-25. The first Economic Survey reportedly came into existence in
1950-51, when it was part of the budget documents. In the 1960s, it was separated from the
budget documents and started being presented a day before the Union Budget.

What to Expect from Union Budget FY25

Experts expect that there will be changes in the new income tax system to make it more attractive
for individual taxpayers.

Special attention is also expected to be given to the country's infrastructure sector. At the same
time, there is a possibility of sticking to the fiscal consolidation path to control fiscal deficit.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Economic Survey 2024: How to Register for

"Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of Youth"?

India is getting ready to celebrate its 100th anniversary of getting freedom in the year 2047. The
country is currently the fifth-largest economy in the world (in terms of nominal GDP). However, the
BJP-led NDA government is planning to make it the third-largest economy in the world.

As per the recently presented Economic Survey 2024, the path toward achieving Viksit Bharat by
2047 is not an easy one.

“India’s march towards being a developed country will be different from China’s - and it won’t be
an easy road!”

Economic Survey’s Stance on Viksit Bharat

The Economic Survey, a report presented by the Indian government in the parliament says that
India's path to becoming a developed country will be different from China's.

The survey says that the situation around the world is very different now than it was when China
started its journey to develop in the 1980s. This means that India's journey to becoming a
developed country by 2047 will be challenging. However, citizens can give their opinions and
suggestions on how India should march towards its development.

Take a look at how you can help India in achieving its aim in the year 2047.

What is "Viksit Bharat @2047”?

Prime Minister Modi has introduced an inclusive national-level program called "Viksit Bharat
@2047: Voice of Youth" to celebrate India's 100th anniversary of independence on December
11, 2023. This initiative aims to involve all citizens in the country's most significant celebration of
freedom.

The primary goal of "Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of Youth" is to gather ideas from young
people on how to transform India into a developed nation by 2047. By engaging the youth, the
program seeks to foster a sense of involvement and ownership among citizens, ensuring that their
voices are heard and their contributions recognized in the journey toward a prosperous and

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

developed India.

ALSO READ: Economic Survey 2024: Key Highlights by FM Nirmala Sitharaman, Download
PDF

Important Points of ‘Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of Youth’

- The program wants young people to share their ideas on how to make India a better country.
- The government launched a website where you can submit your ideas on five different topics.
- The government is also forming a committee to study the challenges of a growing population
and how to address them to achieve the goal of a developed India.
How to Share Your Idea for ‘Viksit Bharat 2047’

The government wants your help to develop ideas for a "developed India" by 2047 (Viksit Bharat).
For this, the government came up with a website dedicated to the cause of registering your ideas
and visions for India that you want to see in 2047.

Follow the given steps to share your thoughts and ideas on the website:

Step 1: Go to the MyGov.in website.

Step 2: Click on the button "Share Your Ideas for Viksit Bharat".

Step 3: Fill in your mobile number or email address and click "Get Login Code".

Step 4: Enter the code received and click "Submit".

Step 5: Choose if you're a student or not, then fill in additional details like your name, age, and
contact as required. Click "Confirm and Continue".

Step 6: Select the areas you want to give ideas about (like education or healthcare). Write your
suggestions on how to make India a better country by 2047.

Step 7: Finally click on "Submit", and your ideas will be shared with the government.

ALSO READ: Union Budget: 7 Key Amendment in 1938 Insurance Bill - Check Full Details
Here!

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Can Human Beings Live on Moon? Check the

Recent Discovery Made on Moon

Is the moon habitable? The answer to this question is still a no. However, the recent discovery of
a cave-like structure on the land of the moon has started contradicting this theory.

A group of scientists have established that a cave has been found on the moon. The position of
this cave is not far from where the first lunar landing took place fifty-five years ago in 1969. This
finding may one day afford astronauts a comfortable home on the moon.

Key Findings

The findings were first published in a study named, “Radar evidence of an accessible cave
conduit on the Moon below the Mare Tranquillitatis pit” in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy.

Scientists including Leonardo Carrer and Lorenzo Bruzzone studied pictures of the moon taken
by a NASA spacecraft called Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in the year 2010. These pictures
showed an area that has the deepest hole ever found on the moon, which has now been proven
to be a cave.

The cave spans an area equal to fourteen tennis courts, measuring around 45 meters in width
and 80 meters in length.

ALSO READ: Has Chandrayaan 3 Rover Pragyan Found the Origin of Moon? Check Latest
Findings of Chandryaan 3

How are Lunar Craters and Pits Different?

Unlike craters, which are bowl-shaped, pits are large, steep-walled depressions. Craters are
created due to the impact caused by the collision of asteroids on the lunar surface, while pits are
usually formed by lava due to volcanic activities that happened billions of years ago. There have
been over 200 of these pits discovered to date, 16 of which have been shown to be the result of
collapsing lava tubes.

Although the presence of caves on the lunar surface has been theorized for more than 50 years,
this is the first time a cave's entrance has been found.

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Could This Cave Make the Moon Habitable for Humans?

The Moon is exposed to solar radiation 150 times stronger than that of Earth. NASA stated that
the lunar surface heats to about 127 degrees Celsius during the day and cools to around -173
degrees Celsius at night.

However, caves like the one recently discovered maintain stable temperatures of about 17
degrees Celsius. These caves could protect human astronauts from radiation and
micrometeorites. Scientists belive that this discovery has made these caves a potential location
for future lunar bases.

What does the Future Contain?

Even though scientists have deemed the caves to be safe, they are difficult to access. There are
certain natural events like potential avalanches or cave-ins are possible, which can put the life of
the astronauts in jeopardy.

According to researchers, additional study is necessary to completely comprehend the

construction of these caverns. Robots, specialized cameras, or ground-penetrating radar could be
used for this. The long-term viability of these caverns would also depend on the installation of
seismic monitoring systems and safety zones that shield visitors from potential geological
hazards.

Ultimately, the discovery of the lunar cave has intriguing prospects for future lunar dwellings;
however, further research and advancements in technology are required to fully actualize these
prospects.

ALSO READ: OpenAI Launches Affordable AI Tool: Discover Its Cost and Advanced
Features

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 19 July

2024- Women's Asia Cup 2024

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Women's asia cup 2024, ins tag, suryakumar yadav,
dmrc etc.

1. Where is Women's Asia Cup 2024 being organized- Sri Lanka

2. With the help of which Indian warship, Indians were rescued near the Oman coast- INS Teg

3. Who has been re-elected as the President of the European Union's Executive Commission-
Ursula von der Leyen

4. Who has been made the captain of the Indian T20 team recently- Suryakumar Yadav

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 19 July 2024

5. DMRC inaugurated the e-waste recycling box facility in collaboration with which country- Japan

6. Who has been recently appointed as the vice-captain of the Indian T20 and ODI team-
Shubman Gill

7. Which new AI version has been launched by OpenAI recently- GPT-4o mini

ALSO READ:

GPT-4o mini: Advanced AI model launched

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Microsoft Outage: What is BSOD that is

Causing Your Computer Screen to Die an
Untimely Death?

Millions of Windows users worldwide face the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error, which is
causing their system to shut down or restart suddenly. According to a notification issued by
Microsoft, this issue is due to a recent update to CrowdStrike's 'Falcon Sensor'.

The bug has impacted many companies, banks, and government offices globally. Most Indian
airlines have shared updates with travelers on X (formerly Twitter). According to an aviation
company called Cirium, over a thousand flights worldwide have been suspended till now.

Global Airlines Get Affected

A global failure at Microsoft has caused severe interruptions to air travel along with other wide-
ranging effects. Major operational difficulties were faced by significant airlines working in India
such as Vistara, SpiceJet, IndiGo, Air India, and Akasa. Many of the flights had to be cancelled or
delayed due to this outage.

Some of the US Airlines that provide cheap flights have also been affected by this outage. These
airlines include Allegiant, Frontier Airlines, and SunCountry.

How is it Affecting People Worldwide?

The Blue Screen of Death is affecting millions of Windows users worldwide. The disruptions are
causing unplanned computer restarts or shutdowns. There are situations where consumers lose
important time and unsaved data due to machines restarting repeatedly.

Also Read: Ladla Bhai Yojana: Maharashtra Students to Receive Stipend Upto Rs. 10,000

What is BSOD (Blue Screen of Death)?

Blue Screen errors, also known as black screen faults or STOP code issues, generally occur
when a major software issue causes Windows to suddenly shut down or restart the operating
system.

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The computers that are affected due to this outage are showing a notification that reads
"Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer.” Users all around the globe
can see this comment on their computer screens.

What to do in Such Cases?

These mistakes may be the result of software or hardware issues. If you installed new hardware
and got a Blue Screen error, follow these steps:

Step 1: Shut Down your PC.

Step 2: Remove the new hardware.

Step 3: Restart your PC.

If you are still facing the problem of restarting your computer, try to open it in safe mode.

You can also try updating Windows with the latest patches via Windows Update, seeking help
from other sources, or restoring Windows to an earlier restore point.

Future Lesson with This Outage

A worldwide outage that affected Microsoft users today caused serious disruptions for people and
businesses that depended on Windows as their main operating system. However, users of
MacBooks and Chromebooks were untouched by these widespread technical issues.

This incident highlights the monopoly of Microsoft in the world of operating systems. It further
necessitates the need for using a variety of operating systems in offices and organisations, so as
not to rely on one.

Also Read: UPSC Files an FIR Against Puja Khedkar; What's Next for Her? Full Details
Inside

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

UPSC Files an FIR Against Puja Khedkar;

What's Next for Her? Full Details Inside

Puja Khedkar, a trainee IAS officer involved in a scandal involving purported quota abuse and
power abuse, is coming under more investigation as new discoveries over her misuse of power
are coming to light.

Having declared herself to be from the non-creamy layer of OBC and cited her visual and mental
disabilities, Khedkar, a 34-year-old IAS officer of the Maharashtra cadre, passed the UPSC civil
service exam under the Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Persons with Benchmark Disabilities
(PwBD) categories.

Where is Puja Khedkar?

The training for probationary officer Puja Khedkar has been suspended for the time being. She
has been called to return to the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration
(LBSNAA) in Mussoorie, where further actions shall be taken.

UPSC has also filed an FIR against her for hiding information information while filing for her
candidacy for the civil services. The commission has also sent a notice to her regarding the
canceling of her candidature.

Earlier, Puja Khedkar was transferred to Washim district after the accusations on her became of
serious kind, such as using false disability certificate, and caste certificates in order to use
reservation in the civil sevices.

Let’s check the timeline of Puja Khedkar’s allegedly abuse of quota and misuse of power by
following the events as unfolded.

Puja Khedkar Joins Pune District Collector’s Office

Puja Khedkar started her training on June 3 after joining the Pune district collector's office. The
training is expected to last until July 30, 2025.

Pune Collector Sends a Complaint

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Suhar Diwase, Pune Collector sends a comprehensive report to Additional Chief Secretary of
Maharashtra on June 24, regarding Puja's actions in requesting special privileges.

Also Read: Narendra Modi Becomes Most Followed Indian on 'X', Surpasses 100 Million
Followers

Puja Gets Transferred to Washim

Mahrashtra state government finally takes action on Puja Khedkar on July 8 and transfers her to
Washim District’s Collecor office. She was to complete the remaining days of her training there.

The general administration department of the state orders Diwase to start the process for legal
action against Puja’s father, Dilip Khedkar for ‘objectionable conduct’ at his daughter’s workplace.

Puja’s Non-creamy OBC Certificate in Question

On July 11, Atul Save, the state minister of OBC welfare, declares a suo motu investigation over
Puja's claim that she is an OBC non-creamy layer member. A one-person committee is formed by
the central government in order to verify the information submitted by Puja as a UPSC candidate.

The committee has to submit the report until July 25. Sujata Saunik, the state chief secretary,
drafts an extensive report on Puja and sends it to the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of
Administration (LBSNAA), located in Mussoorie, for review.

Puja Khedkar is Called Back to LBSNAA

Puja Khedkar's probationary training as an IAS officer was suspended on July 16 with immediate
effect. Khedkar is instructed to promptly return to LBSNAA in Mussoorie.

UPSC Takes Action Against Puja

In a very recent development, UPSC has finally taken action against the suspended IAS officer
Puja Khedkar. The commission has filed an FIR against her for hiding important information while
joining the service. A notice has also been sent to her for canceling her candidature.

Also Read: UP Government Vs Sarkari Teachers: Know Why are Teachers on Road?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

OpenAI Launches Affordable AI Tool:

Discover Its Cost and Advanced Features

In a time when Artificial Intelligence is the most sought-after technology in the industry, OpenAI
has come up with a cheaper solution. It has announced the launch of GPT-4o mini. It is said to be
its “most cost-efficient small model.”

Even though OpenAI has named its model "mini," the company has emphasized that the software
is capable of competing with both smaller and larger competition. The company has promised its
users a similar experience as that of any costly AI tool.

GPT-4o Mini: Cost-effective AI

The launching of Open AI’s GPT-4o mini, a powerful compact AI model has the potential to make
artificial intelligence an accessible tool for all.

GPT-4o mini is much cheaper than earlier models like GPT-3.5 Turbo. It offers a budget-friendly
option for all of its users irrespective of the task given.

GPT-4o mini will cost:

- 15 cents per million input tokens

- 60 cents per million output tokens

These million tokens are about the same as 2,500 pages in a standard book.

Features of GPT-4o Mini

The initial model of GPT-4o mini can handle text and vision in the API. OpenAI has promised that
the company will include support for text, image, video, and audio inputs and outputs in future
versions.

According to OpenAI, GPT-4o mini has:

- A context window of 128K tokens

- Can support up to 16K output tokens per request
- More cost-effective handling of non-English text

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Also Read: Haryana and Other States' Support for Agniveers: Reservation and Subsidy
Details

Advantages of GPT-4o Mini

As per the company blog, GPT-4o mini has showcased impressive performance, scoring 82% on
the MMLU benchmark and outperforming GPT-41 on the LMSYS leaderboard for chat
preferences. This model is versatile, cost-effective, and has quick response times.

- High Performance: Scored 82% on the MMLU benchmark.

- Top Chat Preference: Outperformed GPT-41 on the LMSYS leaderboard.
- Cost-Effective: Cost-effective model, best for small business owners.
- Fast Response: Quick response times, best for real-time interactions.
- Versatile: Can handle a wide variety of tasks, perfect for customer support chatbots and
applications needing multiple model calls or large volumes of context.
Where to Access GPT-4o Mini?

OpenAI’s GPT-4o mini is available on the Assistants API, Chat Completions API, and Batch API.

Users of ChatGPT's Free, Plus, and Team plans can start using the new model right away, while
Enterprise users will be able to do so starting next week.

Future Of AI

The recent years have witnessed tremendous growth in the Artificial Intelligence sector of the
technology industry. With the launching of GPT-4o mini, it has become a possibility for individuals
to get the services of an advanced AI tool at a low cost.

For instance, the cost per token of GPT-4o mini has decreased by 99% compared to text-DaVinci-
003, a less advanced model from 2022.

Also Read: What's Next for Puja Khedkar? Multiple Inquiries Lead to Recall to LBSNAA;
Full Details Inside

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Chandipura Virus Death in Gujarat: What is

Chandipura Virus? Know Full Details

Fifteen children in Gujarat have reportedly died from a suspected viral infection called the
Chandipura virus since July 10. A total of 29 cases of Chandipura disease have been confirmed
till now. State Health Minister Rushikesh Patel has confirmed these numbers.

The disease caused by the Chandipura virus was identified as a potential priority disease in the
year 2017 by the World Health Organization (WHO).

What is Chandipura Virus?

According to an article published in The Lancet in 2004, titled "Chandipura virus: an emerging
human pathogen?", the Chandipura virus belongs to the Vesiculovirus genus in the
Rhabdoviridae family. The family also includes the rabies virus.

The Chandipura virus was first discovered in 1965 from the blood of two adults with a fever in a
village near Nagpur, Maharashtra. The virus is named after the Chandipura village where it was
found.

How is Chandipura Virus transmitted?

Chandipura Virus is transmitted through vectors. The Chandipura virus is spread by certain
insects, such as Phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus papatasi, and some mosquito species like
Aedes aegypti (which also spreads dengue).

The virus lives in the salivary glands of these insects and gets passed to humans or other animals
through their bites.

Also Read: Haryana and Other States' Support for Agniveers: Reservation and Subsidy
Details

Efforts Taken by the Government

Gujarat health officials have taken several precautionary measures to combat the Chandipura
virus outbreak:

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- Screened over 44,000 individuals in 8,600 houses across 26 residential zones.

- Implemented intensive surveillance in the affected districts.
- Issued a special advisory to the community, primary health centres, sub-region hospitals, and
medical colleges.
- Advised on treating suspected cases with specific symptoms, including those related to the
Chandipura infection.

State Health Minister Patel confirmed these steps taken by the State Health Department.

Chandipura Outbreaks in India

The infection mostly affects humans, particularly children, and has been found during occasional
outbreaks in several regions of India as well as other countries in Asia and Africa.

322 children died as a result of the particularly destructive 2003–04 epidemics in central India,
including 183 in Andhra Pradesh, 115 in Maharashtra, and 24 in Gujarat. There was a startling
increase in the number of casualties, from 56% in Andhra Pradesh to 75% in Gujarat.

Also Read: Ladla Bhai Yojana: Maharashtra Students to Receive Stipend Upto Rs. 10,000

Copyright © www.jagranjosh.com Page 77 of 209

 Current Affairs | July 2024

Hip-Hop in Space: NASA Beams Hip-Hop

Song to Venus

In a historic feat, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully
transmits a hip-hop song to Venus. The song took around 14 minutes to travel 158 million miles at
the speed of light to Venus.

“The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)” by Missy Elliott, a sensation song in the 1990s became the first hip-
hop song to reach Venus. NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) made this transmission possible
from their Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

How did NASA Achieve this Feat?

This celestial project made use of the 112-foot-wide Deep Space Station 13 (DSS-13) radio dish
antenna, also known as "Venus," which is situated at the DSN's Goldstone Deep Space
Communications Complex in California.

Also Read: Ladla Bhai Yojana: Maharashtra Students to Receive Stipend Upto Rs. 10,000

Who is Missy Elliott?

Missy Elliott is a well-known American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. She is
considered as one of the most influential female rappers in the industry. Missy Elliott won many
awards, including several Grammy Awards in the span of her career. In 2019, she was inducted
into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and is celebrated for paving the way for women in hip-hop.

Elliott announced her enthusiasm for the occasion, saying, "I still can't believe I'm going out of this
world with NASA through the Deep Space Network when 'The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)' becomes
the first ever hip-hop song to transmit to space!"

NASA’s Future Venus Missions

This mission highlights NASA's continuous exploration of Venus, with future missions like
DAVINCI and VERITAS planned for the next decade.

- DAVINCI will examine Venus's atmosphere and send a probe to its surface, while
- VERITAS will investigate Venus's geological and environmental history compared to Earth.

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These missions are part of wider international collaborations, including partnerships with the
European Space Agency, marking a new era in planetary exploration.

After The Beatles' "Across the Universe" in 2008, "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" is only the second
musical piece the DSN has transmitted into space.

Also Read: Which Indian States are Out From PM-SHRI Yojana? Know in Full Details

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Haryana and Other States' Support for

Agniveers: Reservation and Subsidy Details

The Haryana government announced on July 17, 2024, that the state government will provide a
10% horizontal reservation for Agniveers in direct recruitment for the posts of constable, mining
guard, forest guard, jail warden, and SPO (Special Police Officer).

This move is intended to secure the future of Haryana soldiers who are recruited as Agniveers for
a period of four years.

Reservation for Agniveer

As per the announcement, the Haryana government has announced a direct reservation for
Agniveers who have served the army for four years but were not inducted into the armed forces.

- 5% horizontal reservation for Agniveers for Group-C Civil Posts.

- 1% horizontal reservation for Group-B Civil Jobs.
- Three-year relaxation in the maximum age limit for Group B and C jobs.
- Five-year age relaxation for Agniveer’s first batch.
Financial Benefit to Agniveers

The Haryana Government has further promised financial assistance to Agniveers or the industry
who will be recruiting them.

- An interest-free loan of up to 5 Lakh to Agniveers starting their own business.

- Rs 60,000 yearly subsidy to industrial businesses paying Agniveers a salary over Rs 30,000
per month.
- Arms permits will be issued to Agniveers in order of priority.

Also Read: Agniveer Debate Erupts Once Again in Parliament; Know All About Agniveer
Scheme, Salary, Eligibility Criteria and More

Reservation for Agniveers in Central Security Forces

Earlier the chiefs of the Border Security Force (BSF), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF),
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), and Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) said last week that 10
percent of posts of soldiers would be reserved for former Agniveers in their respective forces. This

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reservation is in line with a decision by the Union Home Ministry.

At the time, a Ministry of Defence (MoD) official had told the media that no physical test would be
required for recruiting former Agniveers into paramilitary forces. Instead, they would just need a
physical fitness certificate.

Free Training for Agniveers in Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav announced that the state will offer 360 hours of
free training to young people interested in joining the Agniveer scheme.

CM Yadav made this announcement during the Employment Day program in the state. Each
batch of youth enrolled in the Agniveer Yojana will receive 360 hours of free training.

Financial Assistance in Assam

Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma declared that under the Assam Arogya Nidhi
program, the state government will provide preference to individuals who return from the Agnipath
scheme after completing their four years of service.

Assam Arogya Nidhi program offers BPL households and families with monthly incomes under
10,000 financial support up to 1,50,000 for complete medical treatment.

Priority in UP Police Recruitment

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath has already made the announcement on giving
priority to the Agniveer recruits in the state police vacancies and other departments.

Preference in Subsidy Programs in Arunachal Pradesh

Chief Minister Pema Khandu declared that Agniveers will be given preference in state police
positions and in government subsidy programs.

"Those wanting to start their own enterprise for Aatmanirbhar Arunachal will get preference under
all credit-linked subsidy schemes of the state government," said the chief minister.

Also Read: ‘Zero Tolerance Policy’ Against Drug Trafficking: Nation’s First Toll-free Anti-
drug helpline

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 18 July

2024- World Junior Squash Championship
2024

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as 'Kirti' initiative, reservation for Agniveers in police
recruitment, World Junior Squash Championship 2024 etc.

1. Recently, which state has announced to give 10% reservation to Agniveers in police
recruitment- Haryana

2. Who inaugurated the India-Mauritius Friendship Garden in Port Louis- S. Jaishankar

3. In which state 'Ladka Bhau' scheme has been started recently- Maharashtra

4. Paul Kagame has recently won the presidential election of which country- Rwanda

5. Recently 'Kirti' initiative which was in news is an initiative of which ministry- Sports Ministry

6. Which Indian won bronze medal in World Junior Squash Championship 2024- Shaurya Bawa

7. Who has been appointed by HSBC Holdings PLC as its next CEO- Georges Elhadary

8. Who was awarded the Best Ship of the Eastern Fleet at the Fleet Awards held in
Visakhapatnam- INS Delhi

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Today Current Affairs One Liners: 17 July

2024- President of European Parliament

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Restructuring of Niti Aayog, President of European
Parliament, International Criminal Justice Day etc.

1. Where was Asia's first health research-related "pre-clinical network facility" inaugurated -
Faridabad

2. Asian Development Bank has maintained India's growth forecast for FY25 at 7%

3. Recently NITI Aayog has been reorganized, who is its Vice-Chairman- Suman K Berry

4. When is International Criminal Justice Day celebrated every year- 17 July

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 17 July 2024

5. Thomas Muller recently retired from international football, he is a player of which country-
Germany

6. With whose cooperation has the Ministry of Education started the Asmita Project- UGC

7. Who has been re-elected as the President of the European Parliament- Roberta Metsola

8. Recently, which state government has created a world record of planting 11 lakh saplings in a
single day- Madhya Pradesh

9. Recently NITI Aayog has been reorganized, who is its chairman- Indian Prime Minister

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

‘Zero Tolerance Policy’ Against Drug

Trafficking: Nation’s First Toll-free Anti-drug
helpline

India is about to introduce its first national toll-free anti-drug helpline, '1933', along with an email
service called MANAS (Madak Padarth Nisedh Asuchna Kendra). Union Home Minister Amit
Shah will launch these services during the seventh Narco-Coordination Centre meeting on July
18, 2024.

The helpline will offer a 24/7 platform for people to report drug-related crimes and get help.

Purpose of this Helpline

MANAS will tackle a range of drug-related concerns, such as drug trafficking, illicit drug sales,
storage, production, and cultivation. It offers quick response in accordance with the NDPS Act
and secrecy.

Citizens will be able to report any drug-related crime at any time, from the convenience of their
homes. The government has promised the safety of confidentiality to the citizens reporting the
crime.

Where to Report the Crime?

With the launching of this helpline, the old system of reporting drug crimes will be replaced, giving
way to a new, more accessible system of filing complaints.

Citizens can report drug-related crimes through:

- Phone: 1933
- Email: [email protected]
- Website: ncbmanas.gov.in
Modi Government’s ‘Zero-Tolerance Policy’

BJP led NDA government has a ‘zero tolerance policy’ against drug use and its trafficking. The
Ministry of Home Affairs plance to achieve the target of ‘drug-free India by 2047' by strengthening

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

institutions, coordinating efforts among agencies, and running public awareness campaigns for
the same.

Also Read: Union Budget: 7 Key Amendment in 1938 Insurance Bill - Check Full Details
Here!

State-wise Drug Related Cases

In a press release published by PIB last year quoting NCRB data, Uttar Pradesh (31,482) had the
most registered cases related to drug trafficing and other crimes, followed by Maharashtra
(28,959).

Check the full list below:

SL 2019 2020 2021
State/UT
CR CR CR

1 Andhra Pradesh 717 866 1635

2 Arunachal Pradesh 124 132 264

3 Assam 841 983 2291

4 Bihar 697 964 1469

5 Chhattisgarh 707 875 1123

6 Goa 218 147 121

7 Gujarat 289 308 461

8 Haryana 2677 3060 2741

9 Himachal Pradesh 1439 1538 1537

10 Jharkhand 242 415 609

11 Karnataka 1652 4054 5787

12 Kerala 9245 4968 5695

13 Madhya Pradesh 3432 3155 4068

14 Maharashtra 14158 4714 10087

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15 Manipur 338 304 354

16 Meghalaya 117 76 69

17 Mizoram 160 97 122

18 Nagaland 142 115 154

19 Odisha 980 1179 1642

20 Punjab 11536 6909 9972

21 Rajasthan 2592 2743 2989

22 Sikkim 20 19 52

23 Tamil Nadu 4329 5403 6852

24 Telangana 464 509 1346

25 Tripura 316 307 357

26 Uttar Pradesh 10198 10852 10432

27 Uttarakhand 1396 1282 1762

28 West Bengal 1421 1626 1890

TOTAL STATE(S) 70447 57600 75881

29 A&N Islands 133 55 28

30 Chandigarh 226 134 89

31 D&N Haveli and Daman & Diu 0 5 6

32 Delhi 712 748 566

33 Jammu & Kashmir* 1173 1222 1681

34 Ladakh - 2 5

35 Lakshadweep 4 4 3

36 Puducherry 26 36 72

TOTAL UT(S) 2274 2206 2450

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

TOTAL (ALL INDIA) 72721 59806 78331

Source: Crime in India (NCRB)

Also Read: 15 Union Ministers Becomes Member of Niti Aayog; Check Full List of
Reconstituted Niti Aayog

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15 Union Ministers Becomes Member of Niti

Aayog; Check Full List of Reconstituted Niti
Aayog

On July 16, 2024, the Narendra Modi-led NDA government reorganized the NITI Aayog. It now
has four full-time members and 15 Union Ministers, including some from BJP allies, as either ex-
officio members or special invitees.

According to the official notice, economist Suman K. Bery will continue to serve as vice-
chairwoman of NITI Aayog, while Prime Minister Narendra Modi will remain the Aayog's
chairperson.

A Rashtrapati Bhawan statement stated, "In continuation of Cabinet Secretariat notification... the
Prime Minister has approved the revised composition of NITI Aayog."

Niti Aayog: Ex-officio Members

The BJP-led NDA government has added a new name to the list of ex-officio members of Niti
Aayog. The new ex officio member is Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Minister of Agriculture and Farmers
Welfare.
Name Cabinet Position Political Party

Rajnath Singh Defense Minister BJP

Amit Shah Home Minister BJP

Shivraj Singh Chouhan Agriculture Minister BJP

Nirmala Sitharaman Finance Minister BJP

Also Read: Which Indian States are Out From PM-SHRI Yojana? Know in Full Details

Niti Aayog: Special Invitees

In the reconstituted Niti Aayog, new members added to the list of special invitees are: JP Nadda,
HD Kumaraswamy, Jitan Ram Manjhi, Rajiv Ranjan Singh, Ram Mohan Naidu, Jual Oram, Chirag
Paswan, and Annapurna Devi.

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Special Invitees Cabinet Position Political P

Nitin Gadkari Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways BJP

Jagat Prakash Nadda Union Minister of Health BJP

H.D. Kumaraswamy Union Minister of Heavy Industries and Steel JD(S)

Jitan Ram Manjhi Union Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises HAM

Rajiv Ranjan Singh (Lalan Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and
JD(U)
Singh) Dairying

Virendra Kumar Union Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment BJP

Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu Union Minister of Civil Aviation TDP

Jual Oram Union Minister of Tribal Affairs BJP

Annapurna Devi Union Minister of Women and Child Development BJP

LJP (Ram
Chirag Paswan Union Minister of Food Processing Industries
Vilas)

Union Minister of Statistics and Programme

Rao Inderjit Singh BJP
Implementation

Niti Aayog: Full Time Members

According to the new notification, there are no changes in the list of full-time members of the Niti
Aayog. The following names will still be a part of Niti Aayog:

V.K. Saraswat Scientist

Ramesh Chand Agricultural economist

V.K. Paul Paediatrician

Arvind Virmani Macro-economist

Meanwhile, Union ministers Piyush Goyal and Anurag Thakur, who joined the commission last
year, did not retain their positions this year.

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The National Institution for Transforming India, or 'NITI Aayog,' was established in 2015 after the
Modi government decided to replace the 65-year-old Planning Commission.

Also Read: Ladla Bhai Yojana: Maharashtra Students to Receive Stipend Upto Rs. 10,000

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Ladla Bhai Yojana: Maharashtra Students to

Receive Stipend Upto Rs. 10,000

The Maharashtra Government led by CM Eknath Shinde has announced a new scheme ‘Ladla
Bhai Yojana’ under which male students will receive a stipend of a maximum of up to Rs 10,000,
based on their education level.

This scheme can be seen as a follow-up of the Maharashtra government’s ‘ Mukhyamantri Majhi
Ladki Bahin Scheme,’ which is considered as a huge success in the state. This announcement
holds political significance as well, as the state is about to go under state assembly elections in
December of this year.

‘Ladla Bhai Yojana’ Stipend

The stipend amount will vary based on the beneficiaries' qualifications, as stated by an official
from the Department of Skills, Employment, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation.
Education Level Monthly Stipend

12th Grade Pass 6,000

Diploma Holders 8,000

Graduates 10,000

Aim of ‘Ladla Bhai Yojana’

The objective of this scheme is to benefit around 1 million youth. Maharashtra government is
expected to spend a total amount of 10,000 crore for this scheme, according to several reports.

Under the Ladla Bhai scheme, the youth of Maharashtra will participate in a one-year
apprenticeship in a factory, in which they are to gain work experience that will help them secure
jobs in the future.

CM Shinde stated that this initiative aims to prepare a skilled workforce in the state. "The scheme
will provide skilled youth not only to the state's industries but also to those across the country. The
government will pay the youth during their apprenticeship to help them become proficient in their
jobs," Shinde added.

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What is ‘Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Scheme’?

The Maharashtra government’s Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Scheme provides financial aid to
women.

Under this scheme, women between the ages of 21 and 60 will get a monthly payment of Rs
1,500. The state government has allocated a yearly budget of Rs. 46,000 crore to this scheme.

Also Read: UP Government Vs Sarkari Teachers: Know Why are Teachers on Road?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Which Indian States are Out From PM-SHRI

Yojana? Know in Full Details

The Education Ministry has halted funding to Delhi, Punjab, and West Bengal under the flagship
school education initiative, Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). This decision was taken due to their
unwillingness to take part in the Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM-SHRI) scheme, as
reported by Indian Express.

Five states—Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Delhi, Punjab, and West Bengal—have not yet signed the MoU
with the centre for PM-SHRI Yojana. Tamil Nadu and Kerala have shown their willingness to sign,
but Delhi, Punjab, and West Bengal have refused. This refusal has reportedly led the Centre to
stop their SSA funds for the time being.

Why this Opposition?

The Aam Aadmi Party-ruled states of Delhi and Punjab declined to participate because they
already run a similar program for model schools called "Schools of Eminence."

However the state government of West Bengal is opposing the addition of "PM-SHRI" in their
school names, given that the states bear 40% of the costs.

What is PM-SHRI Yojana?

PM-SHRI Scheme is one of the centrally sponsored schemes which focuses on the development
of schools in various states according to the standards set by New Education Policy, 2020.

The Central Government plans to make around 14,500 PM-SHRI schools across the country.

The then Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan held a joint conference along with the
education ministers of the states and Union Territories in order to discuss the scheme. The
Ministry of Education organised this conference at Gandhinagar, Gujarat where all education
ministers were in attendance.

In the words of Dharmendra Pradhan, “Even if the country has exemplary schools like Navodaya
Vidyalayas and Kendriya Vidyalayas, the schools developed under PM-SHRI Yojana will be
considered as labs for the New Education Policy.”

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Over the course of five years, the project will cost a total of Rs. 27360 crore. Over a five-year
period, the entire central share is Rs. 18,128 crore, while the state contribution is Rs. 9,232 crore.

Also Read: National Pension Scheme: Government Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as
Pension; Check Full Details

Aim of PM-SHRI Yojana

The PM-SHRI Yojana aims to upgrade schools with facilities such as art rooms, labs, and
libraries, transforming them into "green schools" featuring energy-efficient infrastructure, water
and waste recycling, and a curriculum promoting an organic lifestyle.

Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan has emphasized that PM-SHRI schools will be equipped
with the necessary tools to prepare students for the future. These advanced schools will serve as
pilot projects for the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and act as role models for other
educational institutions in the area, fostering a positive learning environment and raising
academic standards.

The PM-SHRI program is designed to provide high-quality education in an equitable, inclusive,

and joyful learning environment, reflecting NEP's commitment to valuing the diverse student body.

PM-SHRI Yojana: Centrally Sponsored Scheme

Due to the Central government's sponsorship of the PM-SHRI program, the state or UT will bear
40% of the implementation costs, with the Center bearing the remaining 60%. However, the
central government's share might reach 90% in certain states, including the northeast, Jammu &
Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and others.

Also Read: UP Government Vs Sarkari Teachers: Know Why are Teachers on Road?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

UP Government Vs Sarkari Teachers: Know

Why are Teachers on Road?

The Uttar Pradesh administration has decided to pause the implementation of the online
attendance system for two months following widespread protests from government school
teachers across the state.

Principal of Basic Education, MK Shanmuga Sundaram, announced on Tuesday that an expert

committee will be formed to address and investigate the teachers' concerns over the next two
months.

What is the Digital Attendance System?

The primary education department of Uttar Pradesh has recently introduced a new system
requiring teachers to record their attendance, including their location, 15 minutes before classes
start.

According to the new regulations, teachers must arrive by 7:30 in the morning and log their
attendance between 7:45 and 8 am, just before the beginning of lessons.

Government Teachers on the Road

Thousands of government elementary school teachers and Shiksha Mitra of Uttar Pradesh are
demonstrating against the plan to provide them access to a digital attendance system. The
protest gradually intensified as teachers took to the streets all across the state.

Social media is also witnessing a surge of street agitation, with the hashtag
#boycottonlineattendance becoming popular on microblogging site X. There are already more
than 500,000 postings using the hashtag.

Also Read: India to be the Most Populous Country Till 2100, UN Population Report

Why are Teachers Against this New Rule?

According to the leader of the teacher’s side, Vipin Bihari, teachers are not in opposition to the
new online attendance system. However, they do want some changes in the rules.

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- The teachers who are protesting argue that all state government offices should be subjected
to similar regulations.
- The teachers also cited the poor network connectivity in several rural regions, where marking
attendance online would prove to be hard.
- Teachers have made several demands, including the relaxation of online attendance policies
during bad weather conditions or when they are required to engage in departmental events
- They also have put forward a demand for thirty days of earned leave per year, similar to that
of state employees, and the availability of half-day and compensatory leave.

“Teachers are not eligible for either earned leave (EL) or casual leave (CL). Teachers should
therefore receive 30 days of EL and 14 days of half CL,” stated one of the protesting teachers.
"The government can eliminate the June leave.”

What is the Current Status?

Dr. Dinesh Chandra Sharma, President of the UP Primary Teachers Association, announced that
the government has decided to temporarily postpone the implementation of digital attendance for
two months.

"A committee will be formed to address the issues of teachers and the digital attendance system.
This committee will include education experts, teacher representatives, and officials," he said.

Earlier, despite allowing teachers to mark their attendance up to 30 minutes late with a valid
reason, the basic education department's efforts failed to calm the ongoing protests.

Teachers' requests have received backing from both the Samajwadi Party and Congress, who
have pledged to bring them up in the legislative assembly.

Also Read: Which Day will be Observed as 'Samvidhan Hatya Diwas'? Here's All You Need
to Know

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 16 July

2024- 'One Scientist One Product'

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as India's longest urban tunnel project, 'One Scientist
One Product', International Civil Aviation Organisation etc.

1. In which state did PM Modi recently lay the foundation of India's longest urban tunnel project-
Maharashtra

2. The Indian government has announced how many US dollars to help Palestinian refugees - 5
million

3. Who recently launched the report on e-mobility R&D roadmap for India- Ajay Kumar Sood

4. Where was the global conference on space research organized- Busan, South Korea

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 16 July 2024

5. In which country will the second Asia Pacific (APAC) ministerial conference be held- India

6. ICAR's 'One Scientist-One Product' program has been launched to improve research in which
field- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

7. World Heritage Young Professionals Forum 2024 is being organized by KISSK- Archaeological
Survey of India

ALSO READ: India's Longest Urban Tunnel

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Thane to Borivali: India's Longest and

Largest Urban Tunnel; Check the Key Details
Here

On July 13, 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India's longest and largest urban
tunnel project. The Thane Borivali Twin Tunnel by Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development
Authority, costing Rs. 16,000 crore, will cut travel time between Thane and Borivali to 12 minutes,
down from an hour.

PM Modi attended the launch and inauguration of several infrastructure projects worth Rs. 29,000
crore in Mumbai. The Thane Borivali Twin Tunnel project, aimed at constructing India's longest
and largest urban tunnel connecting Borivali and Thane is one of the most significant road and rail
infrastructure initiatives.

Key Highlights of Thane Borivali Twin Tunnel

The new tunnel will cut the travel distance from Thane to Borivali by 12 km and save over an hour
of travel time.

Check the important features of India’s longest and largest urban tunnel project in the following
table:

Feature Details

Tunnel Length 11.8 km

Tunnel Route From Thane side to National Highway 8 at Borivali

Estimated Cost Rs. 16,600 crore

Operational Lanes 2 operational lanes, 1 emergency lane

Travel Time Reduction More than 1 hour saved (journey completed in 12 minutes)

Carbon Emissions Reduction 1,50,000 MT per year

Completion Target May 2028

Also Read: Narendra Modi Becomes Most Followed Indian on 'X', Surpasses 100 Million

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Followers

PM Modi Inaugurates Thane Borivali Twin Tunnel

The country's longest urban tunnel, spanning 11.8 km, will include a bored section of 10.25 km
with cross passages every 300 meters for connectivity.

Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) plans to use India's largest tunnel-
boring machine for this project.

MMRDA assures that the twin tunnel's construction will not harm Sanjay Gandhi National Park's
environment; instead, it will reduce noise and air pollution. Expected to be finished by May 2028,
the tunnel aims to decrease annual carbon emissions by 1,50,000 MT.

“This project will prove to be better for the people of Mumbai in terms of connectivity. After
completing the construction of Coastal Road and Atal Setu, the Borivali Thane tunnel is yet
another way to facilitate connectivity in and around Mumbai,” said PM Modi while laying the
foundation of this project.

Significance of this Tunnel

- The Thane Borivali Twin Tunnel project aims to ease traffic on Ghodbundar Road and the
Western Express Highway.
- The tunnel will significantly reduce travel time by one hour, allowing commuters to travel the
distance in just 12 minutes.
- The tunnel aims to enhance east-west suburban connectivity by providing a direct and
efficient route.
- Its construction is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 1,50,000 MT annually.

Also Read: Explore Unknown Features of Vande Bharat Sleeper, Vande Metro Trains

Also Read: Union Budget: 7 Key Amendment in 1938 Insurance Bill - Check Full Details
Here!

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Union Budget: 7 Key Amendment in 1938

Insurance Bill - Check Full Details Here!

The government intends to present a measure to alter the Insurance Act of 1938 during the
upcoming Budget session, with the goal of achieving "Insurance for All by 2047," according to PTI
sources.

The draft bill will be sent to the Union Cabinet for approval. The Finance Ministry intends to
present it during the Budget Session once finalized.

7 Key Amendments Proposed in 1938 Insurance Bill

According to sources who spoke with the agency, the amendment bill is expected to include a
number of provisions such as composite license, differential capital, a reduction in solvency
norms, the issuance of captive licenses, changes in investment regulations, one-time registration
for intermediaries, and allowing insurers to distribute other financial products.

1. Composite License:

The 1938 Insurance Act states that general insurers are permitted to sell non-life goods such as
health, auto, fire, and marine insurance, while life insurers are only permitted to offer life
insurance products. An insurance firm cannot offer both life and non-life products as a single
entity because the IRDAI prohibits composite licensing for insurance companies.

The proposed bill suggests the introduction of composite licenses, which would enable insurers to
provide life as well as non-life insurance.

2. Differential Capital:

The current Insurance laws impose the same capital requirements on all insurance companies, no
matter how big or small the firm is.

The proposed measure suggests introducing differential capital norms. Insurance companies
would then be able to distribute their capital based on their size and areas of expertise.

3. Reduction in Solvency Norms:

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Current laws require insurance companies to keep a specific amount of solvency margin in order
to guarantee that they can pay their future commitments.

By lowering these solvency standards, the amendment hopes to promote greater market
competition and possibly lessen the financial hurdles for new entrants.

4. Issuance of Captive Licenses:

The amendments in the bill might include provisions allowing big industries to create their own
insurance companies by issuing captive licenses. This change could allow large companies to
manage their employees’ life insurance on their own, and manage risks as per their requirements.

Also Read: Narendra Modi Becomes Most Followed Indian on 'X', Surpasses 100 Million
Followers

5. Changes in Investment Regulations:

The Amendment Act proposes shifting the responsibility for setting investment criteria and
restrictions from the Insurance Act to the IRDAI. These changes will make investment norms
more flexible and efficient.

The Act also increases the minimum paid-up equity capital requirement from 1% to 5% in order
for the IRDAI to allow share transactions. This change facilitates market participation and
simplifies the process for smaller investments.

6. One-Time Registration for Intermediaries:

The amended bill proposes a one-time registration process to simplify market entry for insurance
intermediaries and reduce administrative burdens.

Under the Amendment Act, these intermediaries would only need to register once and pay an
annual fee set by the IRDAI. The main difference would be the timeline of the validity of the
registration. The registration made under the new insurance bill would remain valid indefinitely,
unlike the previous system where registrations had to be renewed every three years.

7. Allowing Insurers to Distribute other Financial Products

The proposed bill may make it possible for insurers to distribute other financial goods, thus
expanding the range of services they provide and bringing additional financial solutions under one

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

roof.

Advantages of New Insurance Bill

- The proposed bill amendments are intended to enhance policyholder returns and protect
customers better.
- These amendments will help make entry for new companies into the insurance market easy.
- The increased efficiency achieved through the changes can contribute to economic growth
and job creation in the Indian insurance sector.
- The proposed amendments will simplify business operations, attracting more Indian and
foreign companies to the insurance sector.

Also Read: Scientists Discover Solution for Drinking Urine in Space; Know in Full Details

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Narendra Modi Becomes Most Followed

Indian on 'X', Surpasses 100 Million
Followers

With more than 100 million followers on the social media site X (previously Twitter), Prime
Minister Narendra Modi has broken all previous records and is now the most followed leader
globally, after US Ex-President Barack Obama.

Even some of the world's top athletes, like American basketball star LeBron James (52.9 million),
Brazilian footballer Neymar Jr. (63.6 million), and cricketer Virat Kohli (64.1 million), have fewer
followers than PM Modi. He has also surpassed international celebs like Kim Kardashian (75.2
million), Lady Gaga (83.1 million), and Taylor Swift (95.3 million).

World’s Most Followed Celebrities on ‘X’

With over 100 million X followers, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has established himself as one
of the world's most popular personalities. He now ranks as the second most-followed leader on
the platform, just behind former US President Barack Obama.
Rank Name X Handle Name Number of Followers (in millions) Coun

1 Elon Musk @elonmusk 189.7 USA

2 Barack Obama @BarackObama 131.7 USA

3 Cristiano Ronaldo @Cristiano 112.1 Portug

4 Justin Bieber @justinbieber 110.5 Canad

5 Rihanna @rihanna 108.1 Barba

6 Katy Perry @katyperry 106.2 USA

7 Narendra Modi @narendramodi 100 India

8 Taylor Swift @taylorswift13 95.3 USA

9 Donald Trump @realDonaldTrump 87.5 USA

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

10 Lady Gaga @ladygaga 83.1 USA

Top 5 Most Followed Global Leader

PM Modi has significantly more followers than other world leaders, including US President Joe
Biden, who has 38.1 million followers.
Rank Politician Name Number of Followers (in Millions)

1 Barack Obama 131.7

2 Narendra Modi 100

3 Donald Trump 87.4

4 Joe Biden 38.1

5 Amit Shah 35.2

Also Read: Which Day will be Observed as 'Samvidhan Hatya Diwas'? Here's All You Need
to Know

PM Modi's Impressive Growth on Social Media

Over the past three years, PM Modi's X account has grown by about 30 million users. His reach
extends to other platforms as well, with nearly 25 million YouTube subscribers and over 91 million
Instagram followers.

Since joining X in 2009, PM Modi has used the platform effectively for positive engagement. He
has been using the platform quite a bit, following common users as well as party members,
supporters, and cabinet colleagues. He actively interacts with common citizens, replies to their
messages, and has never blocked anyone.

Most Followed Indian Leaders on X?

When comparing the follower counts of Indian politicians on X, PM Modi's follower count stands
out as significantly higher than the rest.
Politician’s Name Followers (in Millions)

Narendra Modi 100

Amit Shah 35.2

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Arvind Kejriwal 27.5

Rahul Gandhi 26.4

Akhilesh Yadav 19.9

Mamata Banerjee 7.4

Lalu Prasad Yadav 6.3

Tejashwi Yadav 5.2

Sharad Pawar 2.9

Also Read: Scientists Discover Solution for Drinking Urine in Space; Know in Full Details

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Scientists Discover Solution for Drinking

Urine in Space; Know in Full Details

Scientists have created a system that lets astronauts convert their urine into clean drinking water.
This innovation is crucial for future space missions where fresh water is limited and hard to
transport in arid environments.

The new urine filtration device will help astronauts maintain a steady water supply. The device,
which weighs about 8 kg and resembles a backpack, uses forward and reverse osmosis to purify
urine into drinkable water. This breakthrough will make it easier for astronauts to have access to
clean water on long missions.

How will this System Work?

In this system, astronauts' urine or wastewater is filtered using both forward and reverse osmosis.
The forward osmosis part acts as a pre-filter to prevent membrane fouling, a common issue in
reverse osmosis.

The device is based on a User-Centered Design (UCD) system which collects astronauts' urine.
The system includes a silicone cup that gets attached to the astronaut's body. When the astronaut
urinates, the cup detects the moisture, activating a vacuum pump that quickly transfers the urine
to the filtration system for processing.

In the next stage, salts are reintroduced into the purified water before it is considered safe to
drink. This step is essential because, while reverse osmosis (RO) technology removes
contaminants, it also eliminates important minerals and salts needed for human health.

Also Read: Cyber Alert for iPhone Users! Check How You Can Save Yourself from New
Cyber Scam

Urine to Drinking Water

This technology ensures that wastewater is efficiently recycled into drinkable water, crucial for
astronauts on long space missions. NASA is gearing up for the Artemis III mission, set to take
humans to the lunar south pole in 2026, and a Mars mission in the 2030s.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Need for this Device?

"Astronauts currently have just one liter of water in their in-suit drink bags," said Sofia Etlin, a
researcher at Weill Cornell Medicine and Cornell University, and co-designer of the suit, as
reported by The Guardian.

The existing choices, such as the maximum absorbent garment (MAG), have been criticized for
being uncomfortably prone to leaks, indicating the need for improved waste management
methods in space.

This new urine filtration system will greatly benefit astronauts on these missions. The advanced
spacesuit technology can transform water management for astronauts, making prolonged
spacewalks more viable and sustainable.

The system is compact and lightweight, weighing about 8 kg and measuring 38 by 23 by 23

centimeters. This makes it easy to integrate into spacesuits, providing astronauts with essential
comfort and hydration during missions. Researchers plan to thoroughly test its functionality and
safety in simulated microgravity conditions with volunteers in New York before using the
technology in actual space flights.

Also Read: Which Day will be Observed as 'Samvidhan Hatya Diwas'? Here's All You Need
to Know

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Which Day will be Observed as 'Samvidhan

Hatya Diwas'? Here's All You Need to Know

The BJP-led Central government announced on Friday that June 25 will be observed as
Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas to commemorate the imposition of the Emergency.

On June 25, 1975, the Indira Gandhi-led Congress government imposed the Emergency,
suspending most civil rights for over two years.

Samvidhan Hatya Diwas: June 25

"A proclamation of Emergency was made on 25th June 1975, following which there was a gross
abuse of power by the Government of the day and the people of India were subjected to excesses
and atrocities," read the government's notification, shared by Home Minister Amit Shah.

On June 25, 1975, the then PM Indira Gandhi, in a brazen display of a dictatorial mindset,
strangled the soul of our democracy by imposing the Emergency on the nation. Lakhs of people
were thrown behind bars for no fault of their own, and the voice of the media was silenced.

The… pic.twitter.com/9sEfPGjG2S

— Amit Shah (@AmitShah) July 12, 2024

"Therefore, the government of India declares 25th June as 'Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas' to pay
tribute to all those who suffered and fought against the gross abuse of power during the period of
Emergency and to recommit the people of India to not support in any manner such gross abuse of
power in the future," it added.

PM Modi’s Reaction on Samvidhan Hatya Diwas

To observe 25th June as #SamvidhaanHatyaDiwas will serve as a reminder of what happens

when the Constitution of India was trampled over. It is also a day to pay homage to each and
every person who suffered due to the excesses of the Emergency, a Congress unleashed dark
phase of… https://t.co/om14K8BiTz

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) July 12, 2024

PM Narendra Modi posted on X, saying that June 25th will be a reminder of when the Constitution
was violated.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

"To observe 25th June as #SamvidhaanHatyaDiwas will serve as a reminder of what happens
when the Constitution of India was trampled over. It is also a day to pay homage to each and
every person who suffered due to the excesses of the Emergency, a Congress unleashed dark
phase of Indian history," the PM wrote.

Also Read: National Pension Scheme: Government Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as
Pension; Check Full Details

What is the Aim behind this Decision?

Home Minister Amit Shah stated that Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision aims to honor the
spirit of millions "who struggled to revive democracy despite facing inexplicable persecution at the
hands of an oppressive government."

"The observance of 'Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas' will help keep the eternal flame of individual
freedom and the defense of our democracy alive in every Indian, thus preventing dictatorial forces
like the Congress from repeating those horrors," he wrote on X (formerly Twitter).

The minister also accused former PM Indira Gandhi of displaying a dictatorial mindset. "On June
25, 1975, the then PM Indira Gandhi, in a brazen display of a dictatorial mindset, strangled the
soul of our democracy by imposing the Emergency on the nation. Lakhs of people were thrown
behind bars for no fault of their own, and the voice of the media was silenced," he added.

Why was Emergency Imposed?

The 21-month-long Emergency in India aimed to control "internal disturbance." This decision led
to the suspension of constitutional rights and the withdrawal of the freedom of speech of normal
citizens as well as the press. The justification for this extreme decision was based on three
reasons:

- Threat to Security and Democracy: Indira Gandhi claimed that India's security and
democracy were in danger due to the movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan.
- Economic Development: Mrs. Gandhi believed there was a need for rapid economic
development and the upliftment of the underprivileged.
- Foreign Intervention: She also warned about the potential foreign intervention in the nation
that can weaken the internal security of the country.

Also Read: India to be the Most Populous Country Till 2100, UN Population Report

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 15 July

2024- Copa America 2024

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Copa America 2024, Nepal new Prime Minister, Euro
Cup 2024, Wimbledon Tennis Tournament 2024 etc.

1. In which state did Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurate 'PM College of Excellence'- Madhya
Pradesh

2. Who won the Euro Cup 2024 title- Spain

3. Carlos Alcaraz, who won the Wimbledon men's singles title 2024, is a player of which country-
Spain

4. Who recently won the Wimbledon Women's Singles 2024 title- Barbora Krejcikova

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 15 July 2024

5. Who has become the new Prime Minister of Nepal recently- KP Sharma Oli

6. Which country recently won the Copa America title- Argentina

7. Who won the Young Player of the Tournament award in Euro Cup 2024- Lamin Yamal (Spain)

8. Who is the runner-up of Wimbledon men's singles title 2024- Novak Djokovic

9. When is World Youth Skills Day celebrated every year- 15 July

ALSO READ: Who is the most followed politician on 'X' (Twitter)? See full list

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Cyber Alert for iPhone Users! Check How

You Can Save Yourself from New Cyber
Scam

The cyber division of the Indian government, Cyberdost, has sent a warning alerting iOS users to
a "Transnational scam" that deceives victims by tricking them into clicking on URLs shared via
iMessage.

According to Cyberdost, cybercriminals are specifically targeting Apple users by sending fake
messages with clickable links. They create a sense of urgency, prompting users to act quickly and
fall into their trap.

New Transnational #Scam Alert:#iPhone users are learnt to be receiving scam messages via
#iMessage regarding package / courier from random accounts. Clicking on suspicious links may
be avoided and read receipts may be disabled for such messages.@Apple @AppleSupport
@GoI_MeitY pic.twitter.com/IsMJj0ogiS

— Cyber Dost (@Cyberdost) July 9, 2024

How is This Fake Message Scam Working?

These cybercriminals follow a specific modus operandi to lure victims into their scheme. Check
the following points to understand how these scammers might make you a victim of cybercrime:

- Threat actors send fake iMessages to Apple users.

- The message falsely informs users that a package or courier is being delivered to the wrong
address.
- The message instructs users to click on a provided link to change their address information.
- Users are urged to respond to the fake message within a day or a certain time.
What will Happen if You Click the Link?

The message's URL may direct users to fraudulent websites or encourage them to download
dangerous files that might compromise their security.

Once your device is corrupted, then it is very easy for the fraudsters to get access to your
personal information, including your bank account details, personal images that can be used to

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

blackmail you, or other sensitive information.

Also Read: National Pension Scheme: Government Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as
Pension; Check Full Details

How Can You Save Yourself from Cyber Crime?

Although the fake messages are increasingly difficult to identify due to the use of generative AI,
they typically come from unknown numbers and create a sense of urgency to pressure the
recipient into acting quickly

- Avoid Suspicious Links: Do not click on any links that seem suspicious or are sent by
unknown senders.
- Protect Personal Information: Never share personal details, such as bank account
information, with unknown individuals.
- Report Suspicious Activity: Report any suspicious messages to the appropriate authorities to
help prevent further incidents.
- Be Cautious with Unknown Messages: Refrain from downloading files or sharing personal
information if the message is from an unknown source.

Also Read: NATO Summit: Ukraine to Get Multiple Aids From NATO Countries; Decisions Taken
During Summit on Russia-Ukraine War

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

'Current Criteria for NOK are Not Right,' says

Captian Anshuman Singh's Parents; Know
What is Next of Kin and How is it decided

The parents of Captain Anshuman Singh, who passed away in a fire at Siachen last July, are
requesting changes to the Indian Army's criteria for financial support to next of kin (NOK).

Ravi Pratap Singh and his wife Manju Singh told a news channel that their daughter-in-law, Smriti
Singh, left their home and now receives most of the benefits after their son's death. Mr. Singh
stated that the only item remaining is a picture of their son that is "hanging on the wall."

“Current Criteria for NOK are Not Right”

"The current criteria for NOK are not right," Mr. Singh told TV9 Bharatvarsh. "I have also spoken
to Defence Minister Rajnath Singh about this. Anshuman's wife doesn't live with us anymore; their
marriage was only five months old and they had no children. We only have a photo of our son
hanging on the wall with a garland around it."

"That's why we want the definition of NOK to be revised. It should be clear how benefits are
distributed, especially if the wife of the deceased soldier does not stay with the family," he added.

According to Captain Singh's mother, the government should review the NOK regulations to spare
other parents from suffering.

Also Read: National Pension Scheme: Government Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as
Pension; Check Full Details

What is Indian Army’s Next of Kin Rule?

In military terms, "next of kin" refers to a person's spouse, closest relatives, family member, or
legal guardian.

- If something happens to a service member, the ex-gratia payment is given to their designated
next of kin, similar to how a bank nominee receives funds.
- When a cadet or officer joins the Army, their parents or guardians' names are initially
recorded as next of kin.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

- Upon marriage, Army rules dictate that the spouse's name replaces the parents' as the
designated next of kin for the service member.
Capt. Anshuman’s Ultimate Sacrifice

Captain Singh, serving as a medical officer with 26 Punjab in the Siachen Glacier area, faced a
fire sparked by a short circuit at an Indian Army ammunition depot on July 19, 2023, around 3 am.
Upon seeing a fiberglass hut ablaze, he immediately sprung into action to rescue the persons
trapped inside. He managed to save four to five people from the burning hut. Soon after, the fire
also quickly reached a nearby medical investigation room.

Captain Singh re-entered the engulfed structure in an effort to save more lives. Sadly, he was
unable to escape the fire and tragically lost his life in the line of duty.

Posthumously Honored with Kirti Chakra

Captain Singh received the Kirti Chakra, India's second-highest gallantry award, after his heroic
actions. President Droupadi Murmu awarded the medal to Captain Singh's wife, Smriti, and his
mother at Rashtrapati Bhavan on July 5, in recognition of his bravery and sacrifice.

Also Read: India to be the Most Populous Country Till 2100, UN Population Report

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

India to be the Most Populous Country Till

2100, UN Population Report

India's population is expected to peak at 1.701 billion in 2062, according to the UN's World
Population Prospects report released on July 11, 2024. This gives India 38 years before it
reaches its highest population number.

According to the report, India is currently the most populated country in the world and is predicted
to stay that way until the end of the century.

What did the Report Say?

The UN data shows that India's population will start to decrease between January and July 2062.
India is likely to add 222,000 people to its population during that year.

However, after the year 2062, the country will see a continuous decline in its population. In 2063,
the population will decline by about 115,000. The decline will continue, with a reduction of
4,37,000 people in 2064 and 7,93,000 in 2065.

Life Expectancy Returns to Post-pandemic

According to recent research, the average global life expectancy saw another increase in 2024. It
rose to 73.3 years, up from 70.9 years during the pandemic period.

India: Home to 1.5 Billion People

The report also revealed that India is currently the most populous country in the world, with a
population of 1.451 billion people. With 1.419 billion inhabitants, China comes in second, while
the US comes in third with 345 million.

It is interesting to note that the report suggests that Pakistan will become the third country with the
largest population, surpassing the United States by 2054. Pakistan is expected to be home to 389
million people in the next 30 years. However, India and China will retain its position of first and
second by that year.

Also Read: NATO Summit: Ukraine to Get Multiple Aids From NATO Countries; Decisions

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Taken During Summit on Russia-Ukraine War

World Population to Reach Its Peak In mid-2080s

The population of the world is predicted to rise from 8.2 billion in 2024 to 10.3 billion in the middle
of the 1980s.

The UN reported that by 2100, the Earth's population is now projected to be 700 million fewer, or
6% smaller than previously estimated a decade ago.

"By the late 2070s, it is estimated that there will be more people over the age of 65 years—2.2
billion—than children under 18."

The UN predicted that the world's population will start to decline in 2083, with about 10.2 billion
people living there. Currently, the global population stands at 8.16 billion.

Global Child Birth Rate: Current Situation

The report also highlights that the birth rate is decreasing worldwide. It states that, on average,
women are having one less child now compared to 1990. In over half of all countries and regions,
the average live birth rate per woman is now less than 2.1, which is just at the level required for a
population to maintain its size over time without immigration.

Furthermore, about one-fifth of all countries and regions, including China, Italy, South Korea, and
Spain, have "ultra-low" fertility rates, with fewer than 1.4 live births per woman during a lifetime.

Top 10 Most Populous Countries

Check the top 10 countries with the largest population on Earth:

Rank Country Population

1st India 1.44 Billion

2nd China 1.42 Billion

3rd United States 34 Million

4th Indonesia 28 Million

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

5th Pakistan 24 Million

6th Nigeria 23 Million

7th Brazil 22 Million

8th Bangladesh 17 Million

9th Russia 14 Million

10th Ethiopia 13 Million

Also Read: Get Your Ayushman Card in Minutes: Easily Apply from Home Using Your
Mobile!

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

National Pension Scheme: Government

Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as
Pension; Check Full Details

The NDA government is considering offering central government employees enrolled in the
National Pension Scheme (NPS) a pension equal to 50% of their last drawn salary. This proposal
aims to address the concerns of the central government employees recruited after 2004 about
their pension payouts.

The government asserts that the NPS will deliver attractive returns for those invested for 25-30
years, especially for employees recruited after 2004.

What did the Committee Say?

The Somanathan committee has studied global practices and examined the changes made by the
Andhra Pradesh government. They have also conducted detailed calculations to assess the
impact of providing a specific return. While the Centre might offer a guarantee of 40-45%, this
may not fully satisfy the concerns of long-serving employees. Therefore, there is growing support
within the government for a 50% guarantee, where the government would cover any shortfall if
necessary.

The committee believes it is essential to review the scheme annually. This suggestion comes
from the unfavorable comparison with the old government pension system, which does not have a
retirement fund.

It is expected that the government will establish a retirement fund in Budget 2024, similar to
retirement benefits offered by companies.

What is National Pension Scheme?

The National Pension Scheme (NPS) is a voluntary, long-term retirement savings plan designed
to provide financial security during retirement.

Regulated by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), the NPS
operates on a defined contribution basis. Subscribers contribute to their retirement account

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

regularly while working, and the funds are invested in various financial instruments, including
equities, corporate bonds, government securities, and alternative assets.

Pension Fund Managers (PFMs), appointed by the PFRDA, manage the accumulated funds.

The NPS offers tax benefits under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act and an additional deduction
under Section 80CCD(1B).

Also Read: PM Modi has been Awarded these Global Awards; Check the Complete List
Here

Old Pension Scheme (OPS) vs. National Pension System (NPS)

The Old Pension Scheme (OPS) is a defined benefit plan that guarantees half of the last drawn
salary as a lifelong pension, with adjustments based on pay commission recommendations. In
contrast, the National Pension Scheme (NPS) is a defined contribution plan. Under the NPS,
government employees contribute 10% of their basic salary, and the government matches this
contribution. Additionally, the government provides an extra 14% contribution.

What is Government's Stance on OPS?

In December 2023, the Centre informed the Lok Sabha members that there are no immediate
plans to revisit the implementation of the Old Pension Scheme (OPS) for its employees. Pankaj
Chaudhary, the Minister of State in the Finance Ministry, stated in a written response that there
are currently no considerations to reinstate the old pension scheme for Central Government
employees hired after January 1, 2004.

Also Read: Rajasthan State Budget: Khatu Shyam Ji Temple Corridor Allocated Rs 100 Cr;
Key Takeaways from Diya Kumari's Budget Speech

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

'Pollution Under Control Certificates' Gets

Costly in Delhi; Know Full Details

After about 13 years, the Delhi government has raised the charges for Pollution Under Control
(PUC) certificates for petrol, CNG, and diesel vehicles.

Delhi Transport Minister Kailash Gahlot announced the change on July 11, 2024, stating, "The
Delhi government is dedicated to preserving the city's air quality and ensuring all vehicles comply
with pollution standards."

Old Vs New Charges?

From Rs 60 to Rs 80 for two- and three-wheelers, and from Rs 80 to Rs 110 for four-wheelers,
the fees for the certificate have gone up. A hike of Rs 40 can be seen for diesel vehicles which
now cost Rs 140 instead of the previous Rs 100.

Check the table below to get a better understanding of the hike in the prices:

Vehicle Type Previous Fee (Rs) New Fee (Rs) Price Hiked By (Rs)

Two-wheelers 60 80 20

Three-wheelers 60 80 20

Four-wheelers 80 110 30

Diesel vehicles 100 140 40

Also Read: Get Your Ayushman Card in Minutes: Easily Apply from Home Using Your
Mobile!

What is PUC Certificate?

A PUC (Pollution Under Control) certificate is an essential document for car and bike owners in
India. It confirms that your vehicle meets the required emission standards.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

As per the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, every vehicle in India must get a valid Pollution
Under Control (PUC) certificate within one year of registration. For BS-IV-compliant four-
wheelers, the certificate remains valid for one year, while for other vehicles, it is valid for three
months.

Who Issues PUC Certificate?

The PUC Certificate is provided by authorized emission testing centers nationwide. It involves a
detailed examination of the vehicle's exhaust emissions, with the test results documented in the
vehicle's pollution certificate.

One can get a PUC Certificate for their vehicle either by visiting the nearest emission testing
center or by applying online at the VAHAN (Parivahan) portal.

When were the Last Changes Done?

The last time Delhi increased charges for PUC certification was in 2011. However, fines for
vehicles lacking a PUC certificate have risen significantly over time. Vehicle owners without a
valid certificate now face imprisonment of up to six months, a fine of up to Rs 10,000, or both,
under the Motor Vehicles Act.

According to a 2023 report from the Times of India citing data from the transport department,
more than 85% of vehicles without PUC certificates on Delhi's streets are two-wheelers.

How Many Vehicles Does Delhi Have?

The Delhi Statistical Handbook 2023 reports that the capital has a total of 79,45,596 registered
vehicles, including 20,71,115 cars and jeeps, 52,94,900 motorcycles and scooters, 93,654 auto
rickshaws, and 83,278 taxis.

Also Read: Cyber Alert for iPhone Users! Check How You Can Save Yourself from New
Cyber Scam

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 11 July

2024- Colombo Security Conclave

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as World Population Day 2024, NATO Summit 2024,
Colombo Security Conclave etc.

1. Who has become the new member of the regional security group Colombo Security Conclave-
Bangladesh

2. Who has been recently appointed as the Commandant of Army Hospital- Lieutenant General
Shankar Narayan

3. Who inaugurated a new filing counter in the Supreme Court- CJI DY Chandrachud

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 11 July 2024

4. When is World Population Day celebrated every year- 11 July

5. What is the theme of World Population Day 2024- "Leave no one behind, count everyone"

6. Where was the NATO summit held recently- Washington

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Get Your Ayushman Card in Minutes: Easily

Apply from Home Using Your Mobile!

In a significant update, getting your Ayushman card made has become even more easy and
convenient. You can now create your Ayushman card right from your smartphone, without leaving
the comfort of your home. The National Health Authority (NHA) recently shared this information
via a tweet, in which one can learn the step-by-step instructions for making your own Ayushman
Card.

Earlier, if one wanted to apply for this scheme, he/she had to get the process done through
customer service centers. While this option still remains available to the general public, there's
now an even more convenient method. You can now easily create your Ayushman card from the
comfort of your home using your smartphone.

Future Plan for Ayushman Bharat Yojana

The Indian government is planning to expand its flagship Ayushman Bharat health insurance
scheme over the next three years. The proposed changes aim to include individuals over 70 and
increase the insurance coverage to Rs 10 lakh per year. This move is expected to provide
significant relief, as medical expenses are a major cause of debt for many families.

A report by PTI suggests that these proposals, or parts of them, might be announced in the
upcoming Union Budget on July 23. If implemented, the expanded coverage will offer a vital
safety net for older adults and help reduce financial strain caused by unexpected medical costs.

What is Ayushman Bharat Yojana?

Ayushman Bharat Yojana, one of the world's largest healthcare programs, was launched in
September 2018. This scheme aims to provide coverage to over 500 million Indians, particularly
those from economically weaker backgrounds.

The policy offers health insurance with a maximum coverage of Rs 5 lakh, covering most medical
treatment costs, prescription drugs, diagnostic tests, and pre-hospitalization charges.
Beneficiaries can use the Ayushman health card to access cashless hospitalization at any
government-accredited hospital in the country.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Also Read: National Pension Scheme: Government Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as
Pension; Check Full Details

Get Your Ayushman Card in 5 Easy Steps

Targeting a total of 500 million individual beneficiaries, the Ayushman Bharat scheme seeks to
offer healthcare to 100 million households, including 80 million in rural areas and 23.3 million in
urban areas.

Step 1: Download the ‘Ayushman’ App from the Google Play Store or beneficiary.nha.gov.in, or
scan the QR code given in the above picture.

Step 2: Enter your mobile number and fill in the OTP received on the phone to create a user
login.

Step 3: Check your eligibility through your name, ration card, or Aadhaar number.

Step 4: If eligible, verify your and your family members' details through Aadhaar e-KYC (e.g. Face
Auth, Mobile OTP).

Step 5: After filling in all the required details, take your photo from your mobile and upload it.
Once the verification process is complete, you can download your Ayushman card.

How to Check Eligibility?

A person applying for this scheme must belong to particular categories such as SC/ST, Lower
Income Group, or Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).

You can follow the given steps to determine if you are eligible for the Ayushman Bharat Yojana
online:

Step 1: Visit the official website of Ayushman Bharat Yojana, pmjay.gov.in

Step 2: Click on 'Am I Eligible' tab on the upper side of the homepage

Step 3: Enter your mobile number and captcha code in the designated field

Step 4: Click on 'Generate OTP'

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Step 5: Fill in the OTP, received on your phone, then select "Verify OTP"

Step 6: Enter your personal information, including your name, age, family members, state, and
income

Step 7: Click "Submit"

Also Read: Cyber Alert for iPhone Users! Check How You Can Save Yourself from New
Cyber Scam

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

NATO Summit: Ukraine to Get Multiple Aids

From NATO Countries; Decisions Taken
During Summit on Russia-Ukraine War

Prime Minister of Norway, Jonas Gahr Støre announced on July 10, 2024 that Norway will donate
six F-16 fighter jets to Ukraine. The reason for this donation is said to be making Ukraine capable
of protecting itself against Russian strikes. He further added that the jets will be crucial for Kyiv.

NATO leaders will soon announce additional assistance to Ukraine in its efforts to protect itself
after Russia invaded the country in February 2022.

President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskiy wants the 32-member alliance to provide security
assurances in addition to sending additional money and weaponry in an effort to turn the tide of
the conflict.

Ukraine to Receive 6 F-16 Fighter Jets

The declaration of giving six F-16 fighter jets to Ukraine is made during a gathering of the 32
leaders of the military alliance in the US to commemorate its formation 75 years ago.

Ukraine has long desired F-16s due of their devastating capability and widespread availability.

According to U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken on July 10, 2024, the first batch of F-16
fighter jets made in the United States is already being moved from Denmark and the Netherlands
to Ukraine and will be flying over Ukrainian skies this summer.

Also Read: National Pension Scheme: Government Employees to Get 50% of the Salary as
Pension; Check Full Details

NATO’s Summit Revolved Around Ukraine

The NATO summit, in the words of Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg, is a celebration of the
organization's 75 years of cooperation. This can also be seen as a chance for members to decide
on important matters concerning their future.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

According to Stoltenberg, the allies should come to an agreement on a comprehensive package

of help for Ukraine that includes the following five essential components:

- NATO command will give Ukraine security support and training.

- A sustained long-term commitment to protect the security of Ukraine
- Fresh declarations of emergency assistance, such as air defense capabilities
- Security arrangements signed on a bilateral basis by Ukraine and certain NATO members
- Increased efforts to make NATO and Ukrainian military more compatible
What Happened in the NATO Summit?

- At NATO Summit in Washington, DC, NATO member states jointly declare their commitment
to a military alliance and to providing Ukraine with ongoing support in the face of Russia's
invasion.
- In addition, support for Ukraine's "irreversible path to full Euro-Atlantic integration, including
NATO membership" is promised in the communiqué.
- Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the president of Ukraine, expresses gratitude to Denmark and the
Netherlands for advancing with the delivery of US-made F-16 fighter jets to Kyiv, while adding
that Norway will supply further aircraft by year's end.

Also Read: Rajasthan State Budget: Khatu Shyam Ji Temple Corridor Allocated Rs 100 Cr;
Key Takeaways from Diya Kumari's Budget Speech

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 10 July

2024- Head Coach of Indian Cricket Team

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Paris Olympics 2024, Head Coach of Indian Team,
Best Agricultural State Award 2024 etc.

1. Recently PM Modi was awarded the highest civilian honour of which country- Russia

2. The Sixteenth Finance Commission formed an Advisory Council, who is its convener- Dr.
Poonam Gupta

3. Who will be the main sponsor of the Indian team in the upcoming 2024 Paris Olympics- Adani
Group

4. Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve was in the news recently, in which state is it located-
Madhya Pradesh

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 10 July 2024

5. Who has been appointed as the Principal Advisor for the National Tuberculosis Elimination
Program- Dr. Soumya Swaminathan

6. Who was awarded the Best Agricultural State Award for the year 2024- Maharashtra

7. Who has been appointed as the new head coach of the Indian men's cricket team- Gautam
Gambhir

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 09 July

2024- France's highest Civilian Honour

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Paris Olympics 2024, France's highest civilian
honour, ICC Player of the Month Award etc.

1. Who will be the flag bearers of India in the opening ceremony of Paris Olympics 2024- PV
Sindhu and Sharath Kamal

2. Tata Power Solar Systems Limited has recently launched 'Ghar Ghar Solar' initiative in which
state- Uttar Pradesh

3. Who won the ICC Player of the Month award for June- Jaspreet Bumrah

4. Who has been appointed as the new Chief Electoral Officer of Haryana recently- Pankaj
Aggarwal

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 09 July 2024

5. Who was recently awarded France's highest civilian honour- Roshni Nadar Malhotra

6. Who won the ICC Women's Player of the Month award- Smriti Mandhana

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Rajasthan State Budget: Khatu Shyam Ji

Temple Corridor Allocated Rs 100 Cr; Key
Takeaways from Diya Kumari's Budget
Speech

State Finance Minister Diya Kumari released Rajasthan's comprehensive budget for the fiscal
year 2024–25 following the recent assembly and general elections.

As Kumari introduced the budget, she stated that the state's BJP government is drafting ten
resolutions to grow the state's economy to 350 billion USD.

Key Takeaways from Rajasthan State Budget:

Health Budget Rs 27,660 crore

Government Job 4 Lakh Vacancies

Greenfield expressways 9 greenfield expressways with

Tap Water Supply Rs 15,000 crore to 25 Lakh Rural Houses

De-addiction centers 25-bed de-addiction centers in 10 Districts

Water supply projects Rs 20,370

Amrut 2.0 scheme Rs 5,180 crore

Drinking water projects Rs 187 crore

Renewable energy goals 33,600 MW per year

RSRTC bus fleet expansion 500 new buses in 2 years

Lok Parivahan Sewa Better connectivity in rural areas

Electricity Supply 2,08,000 homes will get domestic connections

Free tablets with Internet For meritorious school students

Electric bus shelters Modern Bus Shelters with electric vehicle charging

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

stations in major cities

Road infrastructure projects - Rs 60,000 crore (new projects)

- Rs 9,000 crore (repairs etc.)
Khatu Shyam Ji Temple Corridor Rs 100 crore

Sports Life Insurance 2024 Sports Life insurance of athletes of Rs 25 lakh

Jaipur Walled City Heritage

Rs 100 crore
Development Plan

Haryalo Rajasthan Mission Rs 4,000 crore

Lakhpati Didi Scheme 15 lakh women

Also Read: SEBI Changes Credit Rating Rules; Check the New Rules and How will it Affect
Credit Rating

Greenfield Expressways:

Construction of nine greenfield expressways has been announced in this Rajasthan government
state budget. It is the first time that the state government has announced such a large project for
expressway construction. A total length of 2,750 km will be constructed under this project. The
proposed expressways are as follows:

Expressway Route Distance

Jaipur-Kishangarh, Ajmer, Jodhpur 350 km

Kotputli-Kishangarh 181 km

Jaipur-Bhilwara 193 km

Bikaner-Kotputli 295 km

Beawar-Bharatpur 342 km

Jalore-Jhalawar 402 km

Ajmer-Banswara 358 km

Jaipur-Phalodi 342 km

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Sri Ganganagar-Kotputli 290 km

Other Important Announcement:

- Yuva Policy - 2024: Introduced with the Atal Entrepreneurship Programme, offering loans up
to Rs 10 crore for start-ups.
- One District One Product Initiative: A new policy with an annual budget of Rs 100 crore will
be introduced. Incentives will be provided under the "Local for Local" scheme to promote local
products.
- Healthcare: 1,500 new positions for doctors and 4,000 new positions for nursing staff will be
created.
- Village Development: Baba Saheb Ambedkar Adarsh Gram Yojana will be launched for the
overall development of villages with a population of 10,000.
- Loans for EWS Buyers: Rs 25 crore will be allocated for providing loans to buyers from the
Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).

Also Read: PM Modi has been Awarded these Global Awards; Check the Complete List
Here

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

PM Modi has been Awarded these Global

Awards; Check the Complete List Here

Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, is a prominent figure not only in India but also globally.
His efforts and initiatives have garnered recognition and respect worldwide. From initiating
International Yoga Day to extending support to foreign nations during terrorist attacks, PM Modi's
contributions to the international community have made a significant impact.

PM Modi has received numerous awards in his ten-year service as Prime Minister of India. The
very latest addition to the list is Russia’s Order of St Andrew the Apostle, which was conferred
upon him on July 9, 2024. PM Modi was on a two-day visit to Russia at the time.

Global Recognition of PM Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been honoured with several esteemed international awards.
These accolades include the Grand Cross of the Legion of honour from France, the Order of the
Nile from Egypt, and the Legion of Merit from the United States. Recently, Russia has also joined
this list by bestowing its highest civilian honour upon him.

List of Awards Conferred Upon PM Modi

PM Modi’s recognition worldwide is a fact that can no longer be denied. Various countries have
awarded him with some of their highest awards. Russia recently awarded him with its highest
civilian honour: Order of St Andrew the Apostle. In March 2024, PM Modi made history as the first
non-citizen to receive Bhutan’s highest civilian award, the Order of the Druk Gyalpo.
Date Country Award/honour Description
July 9,
Russia Order of St Andrew the Apostle Highest civilian honour
2024

March
Bhutan Order of the Druk Gyalpo Highest civilian award
2024

July 13, Highest French honour in

France Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2023 military/civilian orders

June 2023 Egypt Order of Nile Highest state honour of Egypt

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Papua New Grand Companion of the Order of Highest honour of Papua New
May 2023
Guinea Logohu Guinea

May 2023 Fiji Companion of the Order of Fiji Highest honour of Fiji

Awarded by President Surange

2023 Palau Ebakl Award
Whipps, Jr.

December
Bhutan Order of the Druk Gyalpo Highest civilian decoration
2021

Award of the United States Arm

2020 United States Legion of Merit
Forces

King Hamad Order of the

2019 Bahrain Prestigious national honour
Renaissance

Order of the Distinguished Rule of

2019 Maldives Highest honour of the Maldives
Nishan Izzuddin

2019 Russia Order of St. Andrew Award Highest civilian honour of Russ

United Arab
2019 Order of Zayed Award Highest civilian honour of UAE
Emirates

Grand Collar of the State of Palestine

2018 Palestine Highest civilian honour
Award

State Order of Ghazi Amir Amanullah

2016 Afghanistan Highest civilian honour
Khan

2016 Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Sash Highest civilian honour

Also Read: Insect Costlier Than Many Luxury Cars; Check Full Details

Other Awards Given to PM Modi

In 2021, PM Modi received the Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award for his
leadership in driving a sustainable energy transition. He was also honoured with the Global
Goalkeeper Award for his Swachh Bharat Abhiyan initiative, which he launched in 2014.
Yea
Award Organization
r

202 Global Energy and Environment Leadership

Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA)
1 Award

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

201 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (for Swachh Bh

Global Goalkeeper Award
9 Abhiyan)

201
First-ever Philip Kotler Presidential Award Philip Kotler Presidential Award
9

201 United Nations Champions of The Earth

United Nations
9 Award

201
Seoul Peace Prize Seoul Peace Prize Foundation
8

Also Read: SEBI Changes Credit Rating Rules; Check the New Rules and How will it Affect
Credit Rating

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Insect Costlier Than Many Luxury Cars;

Check Full Details

Mankind is full of surprises. It can even make an insect costlier than many expensive metals,
even more expensive than some of the most luxurious cars. One such example is an insect, Stag
Beetle. It is among the most costly insects on the planet.

Several media reports claim that the stag beetle is currently one of the most expensive insects in
the world. A single bug might cost an individual as much as 75 lakh.

What Makes Stag Beetle So Expensive?

The principal cause of this insect's high cost is its uncommon occurrence and traditional belief of it
being a lucky charm. Some people believe that possession of a stag beetle at home can lead to
the accumulation of unexpected wealth.

In the Scientific Data journal, a recent study states that these insects represent a "significant
saproxylic assemblage in forest ecosystems and are noted for their enlarged mandibles and male
polymorphism."

What Makes Stag Beetle Unique?

A distinguishing feature of stag beetles is their unusual look. The mandibles of the insect are big.
As per an article published in the Economic Times, the male stag beetle's mandibles are said to
resemble a stag's antlers. During their breeding season, stag beetles use their mandibles to their
advantage when they compete for mating opportunities.

Also Read: How Owning Multiple SIMs Can Land You in Jail? Know How to Check Number
of SIMs Registered Under Your Name

Does Stag Beetle have Medicinal Use?

Another reason for the increased value of stag beetles is their importance in medicine. According
to ET, stag beetles are used in medicine.

Besides their medical use and distinctive appearance, these insects are vital for keeping the

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

environment in balance. They help break down organic matter, which is essential for nutrients in
forests and overall forest health.

What is the Lifespan of Stag Beetle?

The Natural History Museum in London states that these insects usually weigh between 2 and 6
grams and have an average lifespan of 3 to 7 years. Males range in length from 35 to 75 mm, and
females are between 30 and 50 mm. The jaws of female stag beetles are smaller. Researchers
frequently mix up the female stag beetle with different species.

The Natural History Museum states that the larva of the insect spends the great bulk of its time
beneath building tunnels.

Where Do These Stag Beetles Live?

Stag beetles prefer warm, tropical climates and are not tolerant of cold temperatures. They
typically live in forests but can also be found in hedges, old orchards, and urban places such as
parks and gardens, especially where there is plenty of dead wood.

Why are Stag Beetles So Rare?

The primary cause of the species' decline is the removal of its primary habitat: dead wood, from
forests, parks, and gardens. The conversion of broad-leaved woodland into agricultural land,
forestry plantations, and urban areas has also contributed in endangering this species.

Also Read: SEBI Changes Credit Rating Rules; Check the New Rules and How will it Affect
Credit Rating

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

SEBI Changes Credit Rating Rules; Check the

New Rules and How will it Affect Credit
Rating

Market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has unveiled new rules aimed at
enhancing the business environment for credit rating agencies and streamlining their operations.

The circular specifies clear deadlines for resolving company appeals regarding rating actions
conducted during routine rating surveillance. Issued on Thursday, the SEBI announced that these
revisions will be implemented starting from August 1, 2024.

What are the New Rules?

As per the statement issued by SEBI, the agencies will have to abide by the following new rules in
order to continue rating the companies:

- Credit rating agencies (CRAs) must notify companies of their ratings within one working day
after the rating committee meeting, ensuring timely communication.
- Companies are allowed three working days to request a review or appeal of the rating
decision.
- Press releases announcing the ratings must be published on the CRA's website and
communicated to the stock exchange or debenture trustee within 7 working days of the rating
committee meeting.
- CRAs are required to maintain records of these disclosures for 10 years and may share them
with debenture trustees upon request.
- CRAS must publish disclosures regarding these aspects on their websites, specifically under
the issuer-specific press releases or rating rationale section, as applicable.

Also Read: How will RBI's Project Nexus Benefit Indians in Foreign? Know What is Project
Nexus and Countries Associated

How will SEBI Moniter CRAs?

In order to ensure that stakeholders are immediately informed about issuers who do not
collaborate with rating agencies, SEBI has also set specified timetables for specific types of
disclosures. One such example is a list of non-cooperative issuers that should be updated on a

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

daily basis.

CRAs are obliged to keep records of disclosures about ratings that issuers have not accepted for
a period of 12 months.

As per regulations, credit rating agencies (CRAs) will review this circular for compliance during
their semi-annual internal audits, as mandated by Sebi. This procedure aims to uphold investor
protection while fostering growth and ensuring regulatory oversight in the securities industry.

CRAs Under SEBI

A credit rating agency (CRA) is a company that rates securities, which can be either already listed
on a SEBI-recognized stock exchange or are planning to be listed.

Seven CRAs that are registered with SEBI are: CRISIL, CARE, ICRA, Acuité, Brickwork Rating,
India Ratings (Ind-Ra) and Research Pvt. Ltd., and Infomerics Valuation and Rating Pvt. Ltd.

What is Credit Rating?

A credit rating is an assessment by a specific credit agency of an organization's (government,

corporate, or private) capacity and willingness to fully and on time meet its financial
commitments.

Additionally, a debtor's credit rating indicates the probability of a default in the future. It also
serves as a metaphor for the credit risk associated with any debt instrument, such as a bond
issue or loan.

Also Read: Has India Tackled the Problem of Unemployment? Check Latest RBI Report on
Employment Growth Rate

Also Read: Digital Bharat Nidhi Replaces USOF; How Will Digital Bharat Nidhi Make a
Difference?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Digital Bharat Nidhi Replaces USOF; How Will

Digital Bharat Nidhi Make a Difference?

In an effort to improve telecom connectivity in rural areas, the central government has undertaken
a new project: the Digital Bharat Nidhi. On July 4, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT)
issued draft rules to put this project into action.

The Digital Bharat Nidhi will replace the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF). Previously,
the USOF was funded by a five percent Universal Service Levy imposed on the Adjusted Gross
Revenue (AGR) of all telecom operators.

Why was it Needed?

The plan is to use this money to expand telecom networks in remote and rural areas, where
private companies might avoid offering services because these areas don't generate much
revenue.

With the recent notification of parts of the Telecom Act, the government has also proposed new
rules for transforming the USOF into the Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN), which will have a broader
scope than the USOF.

What is Digital Bharat Nidhi?

The Digital Bharat Nidhi aims to ensure universal and easy access to telecom services in
underserved regions. It will also fund research and development in telecom technologies, support
pilot projects, and introduce new and innovative telecom services and products.

What is the Plan?

Telecom companies' contributions to the Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) will first be directed to the
Consolidated Fund of India (CFI) according to the Telecom Act. The CFI contains all government
revenue, including funds from loans and repayments. The government uses these funds for its
expenses.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

From time to time, the government will transfer the accumulated funds to the DBN. The money in
the DBN will be used for various purposes, including:

- Assisting in the creation of new telecom services, technologies, and goods

- Supporting pilot projects
- Providing consulting services and advisory support to improve connectivity
- Introducing new telecommunication services, technologies, and products
- Improving the availability and accessibility of telecommunication services in neglected urban,
rural, and remote areas
How will DBN Work?

According to the proposed guidelines from the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) on

operationalizing the Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN), the government will appoint an "administrator"
responsible for selecting "DBN implementers" through applications or bidding processes.

The administrator will decide on various financing options for DBN implementers, including full
funding, partial funding, co-funding, market risk mitigation, and providing risk capital.

Under the draft guidelines, the DBN aims to fund programs and initiatives that provide targeted
access to telecommunication services for marginalized groups, including women, people with
disabilities, and economically and socially disadvantaged communities.

Who Will Benefit from DBN?

The schemes and projects under the DBN are designed to benefit underserved rural, remote, and
urban areas by introducing next-generation telecommunication technologies and improving the
affordability of these services. The DBN aims to promote innovation, research and development,
and the commercialization of indigenous technologies, including the creation of regulatory
sandboxes. It also focuses on developing and establishing national and international standards
and encouraging start-ups in the telecommunications sector, including telecom equipment
manufacturing.

According to the draft rules, “Any DBN implementer receiving funding must share and provide
access to their telecommunication network and services on an open and non-discriminatory basis,
and in accordance with the instructions issued from time to time by the administrator.”

This ensures that the benefits of improved telecommunication infrastructure and services reach a
wide range of users, including women, people with disabilities, economically and socially

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

disadvantaged groups, and start-ups in the telecommunications sector.

Why was USOF Replaced?

Since its start in 2003, the USOF has often been criticized for being underused.

- Former Minister of State for Communications Devusinh Chauhan shared in December 2022
that between 2017 and 2022, the government collected Rs 41,740 crore from telcom
companies for the USOF. Out of this, only Rs 30,213 crore, or about 72%, was utilized.
- In 2019-20, the government collected Rs 7,962 crore, but only used Rs 2,926 crore.
- The government never achieved full utilization of the funds during the period mentioned by
the former minister.
Year Collected (Rs. crore) Utilized (Rs. crore) Utilization Rate

Total (2017-2022) 41,740 30,213 72%

2019-20 7,962 2,926 37%

Moreover, in FY23, the government revised its expenditure estimates from Rs 9,000 crore to Rs
3,010 crore, a reduction of 200%.

One key reason for the low spending was the underutilization of funds designated for the
BharatNet project, which is designed to deliver fiber connectivity to villages.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Has India Tackled the Problem of

Unemployment? Check Latest RBI Report on
Employment Growth Rate

A recent report from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reveals that India saw a significant increase
in job creation in the financial year 2024 compared to 2023.

In FY24, the nation generated 4.67 crore new jobs, bringing the total number of provisional
positions to 64.33 crore, up from 59.67 crore in FY23. This data, derived from the RBI's
Measuring Productivity at Industrial Level The India KLEMS (capital, labor, energy, material,
services) program, significantly surpasses estimates from private surveys that often emphasize
high unemployment rates in the country.

India’s Employment Growth Rate

India's employment increased by 6% in FY24 compared to 3.2% in FY23, according to RBI data.
For the first time in history, the RBI is using a provisional estimate of productivity for the entire
economy based on available data.

According to Citibank estimates, India's economy will increase by 7%, creating between 80 lakh
and 90 lakh new employment. Currently, the country needs 1.1 crore to 1.2 crore jobs.
Fiscal Year Employment Growth Rate

FY23 3.2%

FY24 6%

Key Challenges That Still Prevails

As reported by Bloomberg, India faces challenges in job quality and lack of employment in the
formal sector. About 46% of the workforce is employed in agriculture, which contributes less than
20% to the GDP. The manufacturing sector accounted for 11.4% of total jobs in 2023.

Post-Pandemic Vs Pre-Pandemic

Compared to the pre-pandemic period, fewer people are now employed in the formal sector.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Bloomberg reports that only 25.7% of workers are in the formal sector, the lowest in 18 years.

- Rising Unemployment Rate: According to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy
(CMIE), the percentage of people without a job climbed from 7% in May to 9.2% in June.
- Unemployment Trends: The unemployment rate rose to 8% in FY24, up from 7.5% and
7.7% in the two years before.
- Job Seekers: Data shows that in FY24, there were 3.7 crore people actively looking for work.

Take a look at the following table to understand the gist of this difference:
Metric Before Pandemic Current/FY24

Formal Sector Employment Higher than 25.7% 25.7% (lowest in 18 years)

Unemployment Rate (May) - 7%

Unemployment Rate (June) - 9.2%

Unemployment Rate (FY23) 7.5% - 7.7% 8%

Active Job Seekers (FY24) - 3.7 crore

Employment has always been an important issue in the Indian political scenario. This is the issue
that has always registered its presence in the election manifestos of all political parties,
irrespective of their political beliefs and political leanings.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Unseen 'Polar Rain' Aurora: Know How This

Rare Glow Formed

Natural phenomena have always fascinated human beings, and one of the most captivating is the
Aurora. These stunning light displays appear in the Earth's northern hemisphere, and there have
been reports of similar phenomena occurring on other planets in our solar system.

A popular nighttime sight in the northern hemisphere is the aurora borealis, also known as the
northern lights. It is an amazing and colorful show of light. One can practically observe auroras in
the northern sky every night from August through May.

An Awestruck Discovery

Following a two-year investigation into the enigmatic green auroras that surfaced in the Arctic on
Christmas Day in 2022, researchers from the United States and Japan have recently determined
that the origin of the phenomenon is a solar-directed "rainstorm" of electrons.

This was the first instance of such a rare aurora seen from Earth. This phenomena occurred after
a significant decrease in solar wind gusts that had calmed the area surrounding the planet.

How are Auroras Formed?

The Sun sends out charged particles (electrons and protons) into space, known as the solar wind.
Earth's magnetic field acts as a shield, redirecting the solar wind around the planet.

As the magnetic field protects us, it gets stretched and then snaps back like a rubber band,
sending charged particles toward Earth's surface along the magnetic field lines.

Auroras occurrs when these charged particles collide with gases of the upper atmosphere of the
Earth. These collisions create tiny flashes of light that fill the sky with colors. This light works
similarly to a neon lamp or an old TV screen. As billions of flashes occur one after another, the
auroras seem to move or "dance" in the sky.

The auroras typically pulse and dance in shapes that are easy to see in the sky.

How is Christmas Aurora 2022 Different from Normal Aurora?

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The aurora that was observed on December 25-26, 2022, was quite unusual and rare. It was
captured by an All-Sky Electron Multiplying Charge-Coupled Device (EMCCD) camera in
Longyearbyen, Norway. This aurora was a faint, featureless glow stretching over 2,485 miles
(4,000 kilometers). Unlike typical auroras, it had no structure and did not pulse or change
brightness. There has never before been an aurora like this seen from Earth.

A team led by Keisuke Hosokawa from the Center for Space Science and Radio Engineering at
the University of Electro-Communications in Tokyo solved the mystery. They compared the
aurora with images taken by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Scanning Imager (SSUSI) on the
polar-orbiting satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP).

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Menstrual Leave Policy: What is the Global

Situation on Paid Menstrual Leave?

In a very recent hearing on mandating Menstrual Leave (on June 8, 2024), the Supreme Court of
India refused to consider the appeal asking for female employees to have menstruation leave.
However, in order to create a model policy on this issue, the court has ordered the federal
government to hold talks with all pertinent parties and states.

Judge D Y Chandrachud led this bench that stated that although the policy would push women to
participate more in the workforce, there is a chance that it would discourage companies from
hiring women.

Why in News?

During a hearing on a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) about creating menstrual leave policies,
Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud shared his worries. He said, "Mandating such leaves
might result in women being excluded from the workforce. We don't want our efforts to protect
women to end up hurting them."

This isn't the first time the Supreme Court has taken this position. In February, the court also
refused to consider a PIL that aimed to force all states to create rules for giving menstrual pain
leave to female students and workers. The court noted that this issue is a matter for the
government to decide.

What is the Global Situation?

Even though in a country like India, where women are still fighting for the right to leave during
menstrual days, some countries have already adopted the policy of menstrual leave in their work
culture.
Country Number of Leaves

Spain Not specified (with a doctor's note)

Indonesia 2 days per month

Japan As long as needed (unpaid)

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

South Korea 1 day per month (unpaid)

Taiwan 3 days per year (50% salary)

Zambia 1 day per month (referred to as 'Mother's Day')

Indonesia: Two Days Per Cycle

In 2003, Indonesia passed a law allowing women two days of paid menstrual leave each month
without prior notice. However, this provision is often discretionary. Many employers only allow one
day, and some provide no leave at all, either due to lack of awareness or choice.

Also Read: How Owning Multiple SIMs Can Land You in Jail? Know How to Check Number
of SIMs Registered Under Your Name

Japan: Legal Since 1947

Japan has had a menstrual leave law since 1947, requiring companies to grant leave to a woman
if requested. The law does not mandate paid leave. According to a 2020 labor ministry survey
about 30 percent of companies offer full or partial pay.

Despite this, a 2020 survey of around 6,000 companies revealed that only 0.9 percent of women
took menstrual leave.

South Korea: One Day a Month

Every month, women in South Korea are entitled to one day of unpaid leave for menstruation.
Employers who refuse to comply can face fines of up to 5 million won ($3,844). A 2018 survey
showed that a little over 19 percent of women took this leave.

Taiwan: Three Days Per Year

Taiwan's Act of Gender Equality in Employment allows women three days of menstrual leave per
year. These leaves are not a part of the statutory 30 days of regular sick leave. Women can only
take one day per month and receive 50 percent of their salary during menstrual leave.

Zambia: 'Mother's Day'

Since 2015, Zambian women can take a day off during their period without notice or a doctor's
note. While generally accepted and supported, some employers do not comply with the law,

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

discreetly referred to as "Mother's Day". However, the scenario is changing, encouraged by trade
unions, more women are beginning to exercise this right.

Spain: First in Europe

Spain's left-wing government drafted a bill granting paid leave for period pain with a doctor's note,
without specifying a timeframe. Equality Minister Irene Montero emphasized the importance of not
hiding period pain at work. However, Spanish unions have criticized the bill, fearing it might lead
employers to prefer hiring men.

Also Read: Why is RBI Cancelling Co-Operative Bank Licences? Check How it Impacts Its
Investors

Also Read: UK Election Results 2024: List of India-origin Politicians who will Sit in House
of Commons

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 08 July

2024- New Member of SCO

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Union Budget 2024-25, New member of SCO,
Indigenous Light Tank 'Joravar' etc.

1. When will the Union Budget 2024-25 be presented- 23 July

2. Who has become the first female finance minister of the United Kingdom- Rachel Reeves

3. Masoud Pezeshkian has recently been elected President of which country- Iran

4. With whom has DRDO developed the indigenous light tank 'Joravar'- Larsen & Toubro

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 08 July 2024

5. Recently which state government has launched 'Mitra Van' initiative- Uttar Pradesh

6. Which country has joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation as a new member- Belarus

7. President Draupadi Murmu visited the historic Udayagiri caves, in which state is it- Odisha

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Why is RBI Cancelling Co-Operative Bank

Licences? Check How it Impacts Its Investors

Reserve Bank of India is again in action, canceling the license of yet another co-operative bank.
The decision was made on the basis of the bank’s deteriorating financial condition.

This is RBI’s seventh decision to cancel the license of any bank since the start of this year. Till
now, the following banks have gotten their license canceled:

- Sumerpur Mercantile Urban co-operative Bank Limited,

- Jai Prakash Narayan Nagari Sahakari Bank Ltd,
- Shree Mahalaxmi Mercantile Co-operative Bank Ltd,
- Hiriyur Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd
- Mumbai’s City Co-operative Bank
- Purvanchal Co-operative Bank
- Banaras Mercantile Co-operative Bank
Recent Decision of RBI

RBI is again in the news, but not for any of its announcements but for cancelling the license of
banks. The latest cancelling of the license is of Banaras Mercantile Co-operative Bank.

As per the RBI’s official statement, “Banaras Mercantile Co-operative Bank ceases to carry on
banking business, with effect from the close of business on July 4, 2024.” In addition, the
appointment of a liquidator and the start of the winding-up procedure have been requested from
the Uttar Pradesh Registrar of co-operative Societies and Commissioner for Cooperation.

The RBI revoked the licenses of Purvanchal Co-operative Bank in Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, and
City Co-operative Bank in Mumbai in June for similar reasons of insufficient balance and earning
potential.

What Happens to the Depositors?

Following the license cancellation, the Cooperative Commissioner and Registrar of Cooperative
Societies of Uttar Pradesh have been instructed to close the bank and appoint a liquidator.

- According to RBI, based on the bank's data, 99.98 percent of the depositors will receive their

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

full deposit amounts from the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC).
- Upon liquidation, each depositor will be eligible to receive up to Rs 5 lakh in deposit insurance
claims from the DICGC.
- The RBI highlighted that the cooperative bank lacks sufficient capital and earning prospects,
making its continuation not in the best interest of its depositors.

Also Read: UK Election Results 2024: List of India-origin Politicians who will Sit in House
of Commons

Why is RBI Cancelling Licences?

The co-operative banks were not profitable and lacked sufficient capital. They were unable to
ensure that all depositors would receive their money back, and continuing with them would be
against the public interest. For this reason, in order to save public funds, the RBI chose to cancel
its license.

The main reason for revoking licences of these banks can be summarised in two points:

- The banks lacked sufficient capital and opportunities for profit. They disregarded the 1949
Banking Regulation Act's requirements.
- It would not have been possible for the banks to fully compensate their depositors given their
dire financial situation.
What is Banking Regulation 1949

The Banking Regulation Act serves as a single, unified entity that regulates commercial and
cooperative banks in every state, including Jammu and Kashmir.

The primary aim of the Banking Regulation Act is to oversee the operations of commercial and
cooperative banks that function within India. It gives the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) the authority
to oversee licenced banks, manage capital gains, and impose shareholding rules.

What is a Co-operative Bank?

A cooperative bank is a financial institution that is owned and operated by its members. These
banks are typically formed by individuals who come together to provide financial services to each
other, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

In some cases, the owners of these banks are the main customer base of these banks. Hence,

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

the owners are the main clients of these banks.

Also Read: Where is the Oldest Art Cave Found? Check Most Recent Discovery

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 05 July

2024- Lokpath Mobile App

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Central government's new chief spokesperson, Paris
Olympics 2024, 'Jeevan Samarth' initiative etc.

1. Who has been appointed as the chief spokesperson of the Central Government recently-
Dhirendra K Ojha

2. Who has taken oath again as the Chief Minister of Jharkhand- Hemant Soren

3. Sheel Nagu has been appointed as the new Chief Justice of which High Court- Punjab and
Haryana High Court

4. Which party has won the UK parliamentary elections- Labor Party

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 05 July 2024

5. Under whose leadership did the Labour Party win a majority in the UK parliamentary elections-
Keir Starmer

6. Which organization has recently launched the 'Jeevan Samarth' initiative- LIC

7. With whom has the Indian Olympic Association partnered for the Olympic Games- BPCL

8. Under the leadership of which leader has the Labor Party achieved majority in the British
parliamentary elections? - Keir Starmer

9. Which mobile app has recently been launched by Madhya Pradesh CM Mohan Yadav -
'Lokpath Mobile App'

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

UK Election Results 2024: List of India-origin

Politicians who will Sit in House of Commons

Results of the UK general election were released on Friday, and a record number of about 26
members of Parliament with Indian ancestry were elected to the House of Commons. A number of
Conservatives also managed to survive an all-around devastating finish for their party.

This year, 107 candidates of British-Indian descent ran for seats in the House of Commons. There
were a total of 15 Indian-origin British Parliamentarians in the House of Commons.

List of British Indians who Won the Election

Although Indian-origin British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak's Conservative party experienced a big
loss in this election, there are many British Indians who registered victory in the UK election.
Check the list below to know the names of the top 5 Indians who managed to win their seats:
Name of Indian Candidate Political Party Seat

Rishi Sunak Conservative Party Richmond and Northallerton

Shivani Raja Labour Party Leicester East

Kanishka Narayan Labour Party Welsh

Suella Braverman Conservative Party Fareham and Waterlooville

Priti Patel Conservative Party Witham

Gagan Mohindra Conservative Party South West Herts

Preet Kaur Gill Labour Party Birmingham Edgbaston

Lisa Nandy Labour Party Wigan

Navendu Mishra Labour Party Stockport

Also Read: Labour Party Wins in UK: Keir Starmer to be the New PM; What It Means for
India

Rishi Sunak:

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Rishi Sunak, the current Prime Minister, kept his seat in northern England, but his Conservative
Party lost the general election to the Labour Party, which won 378 seats. Sunak thanked
everyone on X (formerly Twitter), saying, "To the many Conservative candidates, volunteers, and
voters: I appreciate your hard work, support, and votes."

Sunak made history as the first British Asian Prime Minister. Before becoming Prime Minister, he
held several cabinet positions, including Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2020 to 2022 under
Boris Johnson. He was the MP for Richmond (Yorks) from 2015 to 2024 and has represented
Richmond and Northallerton since 2024.

Shivani Raja

Shivani Raja, a Conservative Party candidate, won the Leicester East seat, defeating the Labour
Party. She competed against former MPs Claude Webbe and Keith Vaz, who both ran as
independents.

Born and raised in Leicester, Raja attended Herrick Primary, Soar Valley College, and Wyggeston
and Queen Elizabeth I College. She graduated with first-class honors in cosmetic science from
De Montfort University.

Kanishk Narayan

Kanishka Narayan, a Labour Party candidate, made history as the first MP in Wales from a
minority background, defeating former Welsh secretary Alun Cairns. India-born Narayan relocated
to Cardiff when he was twelve years old. He earned a scholarship to Eton and went on to study at
Oxford and Stanford before pursuing a career as a civil servant.

Suella Braverman:

Suella Braverman, a Conservative Party member, led the European Research Group from 2017
to 2018. She served as the Attorney General for England and Wales from 2020 to March 2021
and again from September 2021 to 2022. She represented Fareham as an MP from 2015 to
2024.

Preeti Patel:

Former Home Secretary Priti Patel has retained her seat in Witham, Essex, winning 37.2 percent
of the vote to defeat the Labour Party candidate. Of Gujarati descent, Patel served as Home
Secretary from 2019 to 2022. She is a member of the Conservative Party who has served as an

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MP for Witham since 2010.

Preeti Kaur Gill:

Gill, a Labour Party member, was re-elected in Birmingham Edgbaston. She served as the
Shadow Minister for Primary Care and Public Health in Rishi Sunak’s government.

Also Read: Where is the Oldest Art Cave Found? Check Most Recent Discovery

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Where is the Oldest Art Cave Found? Check

Most Recent Discovery

Indonesia Island became the host of the oldest example of figurative cave art with the discovery
of a painting of a pig and human-like figures in the Island of Sulawesi. This discovery is made by
a group of Indonesian and Australian scientists.

The painting found contains a picture of a wild pig and three-human like figures. It is expected to
be at least 51,200 years old, which is more than 5,000 years older than the previous oldest cave
art.

“The painting tells a complex story”

This discovery sheds new light on the timeline of modern humans when they started to show
signs of their capacity to hold creative thoughts.

As per the statement of Prof Maxime Aubert, Griffith University in Australia to BBC, this discovery
can change the previous ideas of the evolution of human beings in that time period. Prof Aubert
tells more about the painting saying, “The painting tells a complex story. It is the oldest evidence
we have for storytelling. It shows that humans at the time had the capacity to think in abstract
terms.”

What does the Painting Depict?

The earliest cave paintings that have been discovered in Sulawesi so far have recognizable
images. These paintings show people and animals interacting in a way that suggests the artist
was trying to convey a story or narrative of some sort.

The picture depicts a painting of three creatures that resemble humans, along with a motionless
pig with its mouth slightly open.

The biggest human figure looks to be clutching a rod and has both arms outstretched. The
second human-like figure is right in front of the pig and his head is next to its snout. Additionally, it
appears to be clutching a stick, with one end possibly touching the pig's throat. The last human-
looking figure appears to be inverted, with its legs spread wide apart and facing upward. It
appears to be touching the pig's head with one of its hands.

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Also Read: Will India-UK Ties Suffer with Labour Party in Power? Check Full Details

Who Found this Ancient Painting?

The team of scientists, headed by Adhi Agus Oktaviana, an Indonesian rock art specialist from
the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) in Jakarta, included both Indonesian and
Australian researchers. Oktaviana believes that storytelling was a significant aspect of early
human culture in Indonesia from the beginning.

Significance of this Finding

The earliest known drawings were made between 75,000 and 100,000 years ago, according to
rock art discovered in southern Africa's Blombos Caves. They are made up of geometric designs.

The recently discovered artwork is an example of representational art, which is an abstract

depiction of the environment painted by the artist or artists, and is located in the limestone cave of
Leang Karampuang in the Maros-Pangkep region of South Sulawesi.

The changes observed in the style of painting, can be seen as a representation of the evolution of
the human mind.

Ancient Art in Africa: Still in Search of Proof

Professor Chris Stringer from the Natural History Museum in London believes there could be
ancient art in Africa, where modern humans first evolved. However, no such painting has been
discovered yet that will prove this theory.

He thinks this discovery supports the idea that art started in Africa over 50,000 years ago and
spread as humans moved around.

“If that is true, much new supporting evidence from other areas including Africa has yet to
emerge. Obviously this oldest date is work on one panel at one site - hopefully more dating will be
done at more sites to confirm this apparently crucial finding,” hopes Prof Stringer.

Also Read: Has Chandrayaan 3 Rover Pragyan Found the Origin of Moon? Check Latest
Findings of Chandryaan 3

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Labour Party Wins in UK: Keir Starmer to be

the New PM; What It Means for India

With his center-left Labour Party expected to win an adequate majority in the legislative election,
Keir Starmer is expected to take over as prime minister of the United Kingdom.

With this win, the 14-year Conservative government reign—which has been characterized by
repeated upheavals—will come to an end. The polls showed a decisive loss for Rishi Sunak's
party.

What is the Current status?

From the 650 seats in parliament, Labour has already won a total of 407 seats as of now, and an
exit poll suggests that the party will likely win about 410 seats overall. The counting of votes is still
in progress, but the Starmer led Labour Party has already crossed the maginc number of 326.
The Conservative party has won 119 seats till now.

After winning back his seat in north London, 61-year-old Starmer spoke to his supporters and
declared, "The change begins right here because this is your democracy, your community and
your future. You have voted and now it is time for us to deliver."

The following is the list of important cabinet ministers of Conservative Party that were unable to
save their seats:
Minister Name Position

Grant Shapps Defence Secretary

Simon Hart Chief Whip

Gillian Keegan Education Secretary

Alex Chalk Justice Secretary

Penny Mordaunt Commons Leader

Lucy Frazer Culture Secretary

Johnny Mercer Veterans Minister

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Michelle Donelan Science, Innovation and Technology Secretary

David Davies Wales Secretary

Victoria Prentis Attorney General

Mark Harper Transport Secretary

Also Read: How New Criminal Laws Differ from Old Criminal Laws: Full Details Here

India’s Past Feud with Labour Party

The potential return of the Labour Party to power brings back memories of strained India-UK
relations in the late 1990s. During this period, a visit by Queen Elizabeth II to India, intended to
mark the 50th anniversary of India’s Independence, turned controversial. The visit was marred by
several diplomatic missteps:

- Robin Cook's Mediation Offer: The British Foreign Secretary at the time, Robin Cook,
offered to mediate on the Kashmir issue during a stopover in Pakistan. This was promptly
dismissed by the then Indian Prime Minister, Inder Kumar Gujral, who criticized Britain’s
perceived overestimation of its influence.
- Jallianwala Bagh Controversy: The visit aimed to express regret over the 1919 Jallianwala
Bagh massacre. However, Prince Philip’s comment questioning the death toll sparked
outrage in India, overshadowing the intended gesture of reconciliation.
Starmers’s Stance on India

While these historical events created a legacy of mistrust, it is unlikely that the return of Labour
will open old wounds.

Keir Starmer, the leader of the Labour Party, has promised a "new strategic partnership" with
India, which includes pursuing a free trade agreement. This commitment suggests a significant
effort to strengthen and deepen bilateral ties between the two nations.

What does it Mean for India?

If the Labour Party comes into power, India can expect several potential benefits:

- Enhanced Bilateral Trade: The pursuit of a free trade agreement could significantly boost
economic ties and open up new opportunities for both countries.
- Strategic Partnership: A "new strategic partnership" could lead to greater collaboration in

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

areas such as technology, defense, education, and climate change.

- Stability in Relations: Starmer’s proactive stance in addressing past issues and fostering
goodwill indicates a stable and constructive bilateral relationship moving forward.

Also Read: Has Chandrayaan 3 Rover Pragyan Found the Origin of Moon? Check Latest
Findings of Chandryaan 3

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

How New Criminal Laws Differ from Old

Criminal Laws: Full Details Here

Indian Legal System is going through some major changes with the introduction of three new
criminal laws. Unlike old laws, these new laws are more focused on imparting justice rather than
punishment to offenders.

Union Home Minister Amit Shah introduced three pivotal bills on August 11, 2023, aiming to
expedite the delivery of justice and eliminate the colonial mindset from the criminal justice system.

What Replaced What?

With the enactment of the new criminal laws in India, old laws will no longer be in use. Let’s check
which new law has replaced which old law.

BNS Replaces IPC

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in the new Indian legal
system. Following are some important points that reflect the major changes that happened:

- Sections Reduced: The number of sections is reduced from 511 to 358 in BNS.
- New Offences: 21 new offenses are added in BNS, including hate crimes and mob lynching.
- New Offences Include: New offenses include terrorism, organized crime, and hate speech.
- Sedition Redefined: Sedition is redefined as acts that endanger national integrity (treason).
- Change in Definition of Theft: The definition of theft now includes data and intangible items.
BNSS Replaces CrPC

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) replaces the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)
with several victim-centric changes:

- Extended Police Custody: Police custody is now extended from 15 to 90 days in BNSS.
- Trials in Absentia: BNSS allows trials to proceed even if the accused is absent.
- Zero FIR: FIRs can now be filed at any police station, irrespective of jurisdiction in the new
BNSS.
- Electronic Summons: Summons can be issued electronically, thus making them more
digital-friendly.

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- Witness Protection Scheme: Introduces protections for witnesses missing in the old system.
- Forensic Investigations: BNSS mandates forensic investigations for serious crimes.
- Electronic Trials: BNSS facilitates electronic trials, moving away from traditional courtroom
methods.
BSA Replaces Indian Evidence Act

Indian Evidence Act was replaced with Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). Some modern
updates include:

- Electronic and Digital Records: BSA recognizes electronic and digital records as primary
evidence.
- Recording of Statements: BSA mandates police to take audio-video recordings of
statements from rape victims.
- Oral Evidence: BSA allows giving oral evidence electronically.

Also Read: New Criminal Law in Action; Know Which Section is What in Bharatiya Nyaya
Sanhita?

Key Differences Between BNS and IPC

Indian Penal Code is no longer in use after July 1, 2024. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita is the new
criminal law that the Indian legal system is now following.

Check what are the key differences that make BNS different than IPC:
New Legal
Details
Provisions

Section 377
The law criminalizing certain sexual acts is no longer in use in BNS.
Removed

Organized Crime A specific offense for organized crime has been established in BNS.

New offense is introduced in BNS which makes mob lynching punishable with the d
Mob Lynching
penalty.

Terrorist Acts Acts of terrorism are now explicitly defined as offenses in BNS.

Terrorism- New provisions cover membership in terrorist organizations, harboring terrorists,

Related Acts terrorism training, and handling terrorist funds.

Community Minor offenses like petty theft may result in community service instead of jail time in

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Service BNS.

Hit and Run Punishment increased for causing death in hit-and-run cases from a maximum of 2
Punishments years to 5 years. (This has been put on hold for now)

Treason Instead The offense of sedition has been replaced with treason. Treason focuses on acts th
of Sedition threaten national integrity.

Theft Includes
Theft definition now also includes data theft and identity theft.
Digital Items

Medical
Specific provisions are added to address medical negligence in BNS.
Negligence

Economic
The term "economic offense" has been now defined in BNS.
Offence

Sexual intercourse through "deceitful means" is criminalized under BNS, with penal
Clause 69
of up to 10 years imprisonment and fines.

This clause designates murder as a separate offense based on a victim's race, cas
Clause 103
community.

These changes reflect a shift towards a more modern, victim-centric, and efficient legal system in
India.

Also Read: July 1 Marks an End to Colonial Laws With New Criminal Laws; Know Which
Laws have Been Replaced

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

UP Government Passes NIRMAN Bill Draft;

Aims to become One Trillion Economy

On July 2, 2024, the Uttar Pradesh government approved the draft of the Uttar Pradesh Nodal
Investment Region for Manufacturing (Construction) Area Bill (NIRMAN)-2024. This bill aims to
boost the state's economy to one trillion dollars.

A senior official stated that the draft of the Special Investment Region (SIR) Bill was approved
during a cabinet meeting led by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath at Lok Bhavan.

According to him, this bill will attract major investors from throughout the nation and the globe to
come to UP.

Additionally, the official said that the draft bill calls for the creation of at least four SIRs in UP, one
for each of the state's four regions. He stated that the state possesses a land bank spanning
approximately 20,000 acres.

How will NIRMAN Bill be Implemented?

Special Investment Regions (SIRs) will be established across Uttar Pradesh by the NIRMAN-
2024 bill.

- The plan is to evenly distribute these SIRs across the state’s four geographical zones.
- Cluster regions for large investments are being developed to create these SIRs.
- The goal is to delegate power from the state government to regional officials to facilitate
easier business operations.

Also Read: Budget 2024: When will FM Nirmala Sitharaman Present Union Budget? Here's
All You Need to Know

What are SIRs?

Special Investment Regions (SIRs) are significant zones designed for major investments where
cluster development occurs. These regions are specifically designated to foster industrial and
commercial activities.

One of the key features of SIRs is the decentralization of power, which involves transferring

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

authority from the state government and other departments to regional or local authorities.

Three states currently have this type of Act in place: Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Karnataka. With the
introduction of the NIRMAN-2024 bill, Uttar Pradesh will become the fourth state to implement
such a law.

Which Land will come under SIRs?

Under the NIRMAN-2024 plan, Uttar Pradesh aims to use approximately 20,000 acres from its
land bank to develop these Special Investment Regions (SIRs).

For instance, the Bundelkhand Industrial Development Authority has allocated a vast 5,000-
hectare area to facilitate major business and industrial activities.

This initiative is expected to accelerate economic growth, legally protect investment zones,
simplify business operations, and create numerous job opportunities for local residents.

Other Initiatives Taken by UP Government

- The India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO) and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
(MSME) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) along with the NIRMAN-2024 bill to
enhance the business environment.
- New large convention centers are under construction in Lucknow and Varanasi to increase
visibility for MSMEs and stimulate local production.

The goal is to create a conducive environment for business growth and development through
these initiatives.

Also Read: Has Chandrayaan 3 Rover Pragyan Found the Origin of Moon? Check Latest
Findings of Chandryaan 3

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 04 July

2024- Additional National Security Advisor

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Additional National Security Advisor, New Chairman
of National Medical Commission, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit 2024, Rudram-1
Missile etc.

1. Recently which player has achieved the position of number 1 all-rounder in ICC T20I ranking-
Hardik Pandya

2. Who has been recently appointed as Additional National Security Advisor (NSA)- Rajinder
Khanna

3. Who has been recently appointed as Deputy National Security Advisor (NSA)- T.V.
Ravichandran

4. Who has been appointed as the Chairman of National Medical Commission- Dr. B.N.
Gangadhar

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 04 July 2024

5. Who has recently launched the 'Sampoornata Abhiyan'- Niti Aayog

6. India successfully test fired Rudram-1 missile, what type of missile is it- air to surface

7. Where is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit 2024 being organized- Astana

8. With whom has the Indian Spices Board tied up to develop AI tools- NIC

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

NASA, SpaceX Launches Game-Changing

Weather Satellite GOES-U; All You Need to
Know

On June 25, SpaceX achieved a successful launch of the fourth and final satellite for the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) program.

According to NASA's statement, the GOES-R (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)

constellation represents a state-of-the-art system designed to deliver continuous monitoring of
weather and potentially dangerous environmental conditions across large parts of the Western
Hemisphere.

NASA, SpaceX, and Elon Musk marked the achievement by sharing images and videos on the
social media platform X (formerly Twitter). "New weather satellite delivered!" Musk, founder of
SpaceX, announced.

Deployment of @NOAA’s GOES-U satellite confirmed pic.twitter.com/Q5CDr6FSaL

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 26, 2024

"GOES-U, orbiting Earth at approximately 35,700 km, will aid meteorologists and climate
scientists with real-time high-resolution imagery, early detection of life-saving severe weather
events, and forecasts for tropical cyclones," NASA's official account posted.

Orbiting Earth at ~35,700 km, GOES-U will assist weather forecasters and climate researchers
with real-time high-resolution imagery, earlier detection of severe weather that could save lives,
and tropical cyclone forecasts

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 26, 2024

Launch and Deployment of GOES-U

GOES-U lifted off from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy
rocket at 5:26 PM. By 10:18 PM, it had deployed its solar arrays upon reaching a geostationary
orbit about 22,200 miles above Earth. It will be renamed GOES-19 once settled, replacing the
previous satellite, GOES-T.

What will GOES-U Do?

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GOES-19 will provide continuous monitoring of weather conditions over extensive regions
including North America (contiguous United States and Mexico), Central and South America, the
Caribbean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the west coast of Africa. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson
highlighted the satellite's role in real-time weather tracking, particularly in mitigating the impacts of
severe weather events globally. The data collected will support preparedness efforts for storms,
fire detection, and more, enhancing resilience to climate change.

Also Read: India's Fiery Response to Pakistan's J&K Remarks at UNGA; Know Full Detail

What is Different with GOES-U?

GOES-U features the Compact Coronagraph-1 (CCOR-1), representing a notable technological

advancement. Coronagraphs block the Sun's disk to observe its corona, aiding in forecasting
solar flares and coronal mass ejections that can disrupt Earth's magnetic field, affecting power
grids and communications. Elsayed Talaat, overseeing space weather observations at NOAA,
highlighted the CCOR-1's potential to improve solar event forecasts, enhancing early warnings for
potential impacts on Earth.

What Does the Future Look Like?

Nicky Fox from NASA Headquarters emphasized the satellite's applications in climate monitoring
and disaster preparedness, noting its role in providing critical data before natural disasters and
severe weather events. Talaat underscored the importance of real-time solar flare monitoring,
particularly with existing systems facing delays, emphasizing the societal sensitivity to solar
activity amidst modern technological reliance.

Latest Breakthrough in Space Weather Monitoring

The deployment of CCOR-1 on GOES-U signifies a leap forward in space weather observation
capabilities, enabling more frequent updates compared to existing technologies. With current
systems experiencing up to an eight-hour delay in solar flare data, the CCOR-1 aims to provide
readings every 30 minutes, enhancing responsiveness to solar disturbances and their potential
impacts on Earth's systems.

Also Read: SpaceX to Rescue: Will NASA Turn to Elon Musk's SpaceX to Bring Back
Sunita Williams?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

UP Cabinet's Decision: Tata Sons to Build

650 Crore 'Museum of Temples' in Ayodhya

On June 25, the Uttar Pradesh cabinet gave the green light to Tata Sons' proposal to construct a
"temple museum" in Ayodhya, with an estimated budget of 750 crore.

Tourism Minister Jaivir Singh detailed the decision, explaining that the tourism department would
lease Tata Sons' land for this international-level museum for 90 years, charging a nominal fee of
Re 1.

Ayodhya Museum Project Update

The Union government has partnered with Tata Sons to build a 650 crore museum in Ayodhya.
Following a cabinet meeting, Jaiveer Singh informed reporters that the project would be managed
by Tata Sons using its corporate social responsibility (CSR) budget.

Additionally, an extra 100 crore will be allocated for undertaking additional development projects
in the temple town.

The Ayodhya district administration introduced the concept to Prime Minister Narendra Modi in
New Delhi in September 2023.

According to Nripendra Misra, chairman of the Ram Mandir Construction Committee, construction
of the first floor of the temple is expected to be completed by the end of next month, with work on
the second floor commencing thereafter. The complete Ram temple complex is expected to be
completed by March 25, 2025

Other Decisions made by the Cabinet

During the cabinet meeting, several other significant decisions were made concerning tourism.
The cabinet has approved the launch of a CM Tourism Fellowship Programme and the
introduction of helicopter rides, among other initiatives.

CM Tourism Fellowship Programme

The cabinet also approved the CM Tourism Fellowship Program, which aims to select

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

researchers through the tourism department. In the first phase of this initiative, 25 researchers will
be chosen. Each researcher will receive an honorarium of 40,000, out of which 30,000 will be
allocated for compensation and 10,000 for field visits and other expenses. The researchers will
also be provided with a tablet along with the stipend.

This program is expected to accelerate investment in the tourism sector and boost tourism in the
state.

Also Read: Om Birla Triumphs in Lok Sabha Speaker Race; Lok Sabha to Get Leader of
Opposition after 10 Years

Helicopter Services under PPP

Additionally, the cabinet meeting approved the establishment of helipads in Lucknow, Prayagraj,
and Kapilvastu under the public-private partnership (PPP) model.

Heritage Buildings in Tourist Spots

According to the minister, a plan to turn abandoned historic buildings into tourist attractions was
also approved by the cabinet. Three such historic structures were chosen to be developed as
tourist destinations: Shukla Talab (pond) in Kanpur, Barsana Jal Mahal in Mathura, and Kothi
Roshan Dulha in Lucknow.

The Tourism department intends to operate the shuttered or loss-making Tourist Bungalows
under the PPP mode by leasing them at Munshiganj (Amethi), Khurja (Bulandshahr), Devi Sharif
(Barabanki), and Hargaon (Sitapur). Other places that are to be included are Gopiganj (Bhadohi),
Kapilvastu (Siddharth Nagar), Sikohabad (Firozabad), Vidhayachal (Mirzapur), Etawah, Kachkla
(Badaun), and Jheel Mahal restaurant (Mau).

The tourism department will also develop the birthplace of Paramhans Yogananda in Askarganj,
Gorakhpur, into a tourist spot. They have allocated 460 square meters of land for this project.

Proposed Legal Reforms Approved

Additionally, the state cabinet approved a plan to implement the Centre's decision to replace the
Indian Penal Code with the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 as the new penal law of the nation.
This new Act will be implemented along with the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 and
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023.

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Also Read: Parliament to Witness India's First Lok Sabha Speaker Elections; Know Every
Angle on Matter

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

ISRO Makes History: Aditya-L1 Completes its

First Halo Orbit in 178 Days

India’s first solar observatory has finally completed its first halo orbit around the Sun-Earth
Lagrange Point 1 (L1). This proud moment was announced by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) officials working on the mission.

The objective of this mission is to study the sun and its peculiar features like variations in
magnetic field strength. The satellite took a total of 178 days to complete its orbit.

What is Aditya L1 Mission?

Aditya-L1 Mission is India’s first solar mission made possible by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO). Initially called Aditya-1, the mission was later renamed Aditya-L1. The
satellite is placed at Lagrangian point L1 of Sun.

Aditya-L1 is ISRO's second space-based astronomy mission, aimed at studying the Sun. The first
mission was named AstroSat. Initially named Aditya-1, the mission was originally designed to
observe only the solar corona but later ISRO decided to increase its objectives.

Aditya-L1 satellite is devoted to studying the Sun and is equipped with seven payloads. It will use
electromagnetic, particle, and magnetic field detectors to study the photosphere, chromosphere,
and the outermost regions of the Sun, known as the corona.

Objective of Aditya L1 Mission

The main goal of the Aditya-L1 mission is to use solar data to track storms heading towards Earth
and predict their impacts. It aims to study the Sun's photosphere, chromosphere, and corona, as
well as changes in the Sun's magnetic field and particle emissions.

Challenges Faced by L1 While in Halo Orbit

The satellite experienced a number of perturbing effects while in the halo orbit, which contributed
to its departure from the intended orbit.

The satellite had to perform two station-keeping maneuvers on February 22 and June 7 in order

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to keep its orbit in place.

The satellite performed its third station-keeping maneuver on Tuesday. According to the space
agency, it has now "continued into the second halo orbit path around L1".

Also Read: How will RBI's Project Nexus Benefit Indians in Foreign? Know What is Project
Nexus and Countries Associated

Aditya L1 was Launched on

Aditya L1 satellite was launched on September 2, 2023, by the indigenous rocket Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle - XL (PSLV-XL) variant.

Mission Name Aditya-L1

Launch Date September 2, 2023

Orbit Insertion Date January 6, 2024

Orbit Duration 178 days to complete a revolution sound Halo Orbit

First Orbit Completion July 3, 2024

What is L1 Point?

Sun-Earth L1 Point is approximately 1.5 million kilometers away from Earth. It is the point at which
the gravitational force of the Sun and the Earth equalizes, preventing the satellite from gravitating
in either direction.

One of the benefits of this location is that it allows for uninterrupted Sun observation.

Also Read: SpaceX to Rescue: Will NASA Turn to Elon Musk's SpaceX to Bring Back
Sunita Williams?

Also Read: How will RBI's Project Nexus Benefit Indians in Foreign? Know What is Project
Nexus and Countries Associated

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Today Current Affairs One Liners: 03 July

2024- Global India AI Summit 2024

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as Global India AI Summit 2024, 'Nirman' portal, New
PM of Netherlands, Military exercise 'Nomadic Elephant', UNODC etc.

1. Who inaugurated the Global India AI Summit in New Delhi- Ashwini Vaishnav

2. Indian Air Force Chief Air Chief Marshal VR Choudhary inaugurated the Air Force Weapon
Systems School in- Hyderabad

3. Which two cricketers have been recently appointed by Puma India as its brand ambassadors-
Riyan Parag and Nitish Kumar Reddy

4. With which bank did the Indian government sign a loan agreement for preparedness against
epidemics- ADB

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 03 July 2024

5. Which Union Minister has recently launched the Nirmaan Portal- G Kishan Reddy

6. Recently which United Nations agency has released the annual World Drug Report- UNODC

7. Which bank has recently launched the 'MSME Sahaj' facility- SBI

8. India has recently started joint military exercise 'Nomadic Elephant' with which country-
Mongolia

9. Dick Schoof has recently become the new Prime Minister of which country- Netherlands

ALSO READ:

Union Budget 2024: When will the budget be presented? This unique record will be
registered in the name of Finance Minister

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

How will RBI's Project Nexus Benefit Indians

in Foreign? Know What is Project Nexus and
Countries Associated

In order to make sending money across borders instantly RBI has joined hands with Project
Nexus, a venture of Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Innovation Hub.This initiative aims to
expand Indian payment systems globally, making international payments safer and more
convenient.

Project Nexus is a global initiative that is working on enabling instant cross-border retail payments
using interlinking domestic Financial Presence Services (FPSs). Partnering in the project is a
strategic step taken by RBI towards expanding the reach of UPI internationally.

What is Project Nexus?

Project Nexus was initiated by the Innovation Hub of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
to introduce innovative practices in the field of international payments.

The primary objective of Nexus is to enhance foreign exchange transactions by seamlessly

merging several local Instant Payment Systems (IPS). With this assurance, Project Nexus will be
the BIS Innovation Hub's first real implementation-focused project for the payments sector.

The project's infrastructure facilitates international money transfers in an open, rapid, and secure
manner, enabling connection for both Person-to-person (P2P) and Person-to-Merchant (P2M)
payments.

How will Project Nexus Benefit Payment System?

Project Nexus simplifies global instant payments by standardizing connectivity methods

worldwide. Previously, each country's payment system required unique links to connect with
others.

With Nexus, all systems can connect through a single platform, making integration faster, more
efficient, and cost-effective. This streamlines transactions, often completing them in under 60
seconds, reducing costs, and enhancing user satisfaction and adoption.

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Also Read: Why RBI is Pulling Back 100 Tonnes of Gold from UK? Know What does this
Mean

Founding Members of Nexus

Developed by the BIS Innovation Hub, Project Nexus aims to connect the Financial Presence
Services (FPSs) of India and four ASEAN nations—Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and
Thailand. These five countries will be the founding members and early adopters of the platform.

The BIS and the central banks of the founding nations—Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), Bank of
Thailand (BOT), Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), and
the Reserve Bank of India—signed a formal agreement on June 30, 2024, in Basel, Switzerland,
to initiate this collaboration. Indonesia is acting as a special observer in the project and has been
involved since its beginning.

Eventually, the Nexus platform may be expanded to include more nations. It is anticipated that the
platform will launch in 2026. When fully operational, Nexus will significantly contribute to the
effectiveness, speed, and cost-effectiveness of retail cross-border payments.

Other Initiatives Taken by RBI

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has been working with international partners to link India's
Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with fast payment systems (FPSs) of other countries.

1. Global Expansion of UPI: As per the RBI Annual Report, RBI and NPCI International
Payments (NIPL) are collaborating to extend UPI services to 20 countries by FY29.
2. MoU with Central Bank of UAE: In July 2023, RBI signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with the Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE) to connect their payment
infrastructures, enhancing bilateral financial transactions.
3. RuPay and UPI in Mauritius: In February 2024, India launched RuPay cards and enabled
UPI connectivity with Mauritius. This initiative allows Indian tourists in Mauritius to use UPI
apps for payments, and Mauritian travelers in India can do the same.
4. UPI Lite: Recently, RBI introduced auto-replenishment for UPI Lite wallets under its e-
mandate framework, simplifying and automating the recharge process for users.

Also Read: Budget 2024: When will FM Nirmala Sitharaman Present Union Budget? Here's
All You Need to Know

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

New 'Sengol' Controversy: Cultural Symbol

or "Raja ka Danda"

For the first time in the 18th Lok Sabha, President Droupadi Murmu was escorted inside by the
Sengol, a five-foot-long golden sceptre.

India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, accepted the "Sengol," a historic sceptre from Tamil
Nadu, as a symbol of the British Empire's abdication. It was kept in the Nehru Gallery at the
Allahabad Museum.

Why in News?

At the start of the 18th Lok Sabha session, opposition members raised concerns about the
presence of the Sengol in the new parliament. Samajwadi Party MP RK Chaudhary wrote to
Speaker Om Birla suggesting that the Sengol be substituted with a replica of the Indian
Constitution.

According to news agency ANI, Chaudhary stated, "The Constitution is the emblem of democratic
governance. Will 'Raja ka danda' or the Constitution govern the nation? I demand the removal of
the Sengol from Parliament to uphold the Constitution."

BJP spokesperson Shehzad Poonawalla responded by questioning why Nehru accepted the
Sengol if it was so problematic. "This reflects the Samajwadi Party's mindset. First, they target
and criticize Ramcharitmanas, and now they oppose the Sengol, an integral part of Indian and
Tamil culture," Poonawalla remarked to ANI.

What is the Sengol?

The term "Sengol" originates from the Tamil word "Semmai," which translates to righteousness.
This five-foot-long sceptre, plated in gold and silver, features a bull-shaped orb at its summit.
According to India's Press Information Bureau, the bull symbolizes justice and is identified as
Nandi, the revered vehicle of the Hindu god Shiva.

Who and Why was Sengol Made?

The Sengol was crafted by Vummidi Ethirajulu and Vummidi Sudhakar and produced by Vummidi

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Bangaru Chetty Jewellers in 1947 as a gift for Jawaharlal Nehru. According to Vummidi
Sudhakar, the Chairman of Vummidi Bangaru Jewellers, it took a month to create the sceptre.

As per the government sources, C. Rajagopalachari, the last Governor-General of India,

contacted the Thiruvaduthurai Atheenam, a Tamil monastery, to commission the creation of the
Sengol. This sceptre was to be presented to Jawaharlal Nehru on India's Independence Day,
emulating a Chola dynasty tradition where the transfer of power was symbolized by passing a
sceptre from one ruler to the next.

Significance of Sengol in Indian Politics

Union Home Minister Amit Shah emphasized the significance of the 'Sengol' in Indian politics,
stating, “The handover of the 'Sengol' represents the exact moment when power was transferred
from the British to the Indians, marking the true celebration of our independence.”

Following this historic event, the Sengol was placed in the Nehru Gallery of the Allahabad
Museum, where it was described as a ‘Golden Walking Stick gifted to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.’

Why is Sengol Controversial?

The Sengol gained little attention until Prime Minister Modi revived it as a symbol during the May
28, 2023 inauguration of the new parliament, marking 75 years of independence. The prime
minister received the sceptre in a ceremony attended by 20 Hindu priests.

However, the ceremony sparked controversy among opposition parties, who viewed it as straying
from the secular principles of the Indian parliament. TKS Elangovan, leader of the Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), reportedly criticized it as emblematic of "monarchy, not democracy."

Now permanently placed at the speaker's chair of the Lok Sabha, the Sengol will be brought out
for special occasions, such as it was placed during President Murmu's speech on Thursday,
marking the start of her first address to the legislature in her new term.

Divided Opinions on Sengol

When the Sengol was first presented to President Nehru, questions arose about whether the
sceptre symbolized Indian freedom or undermined it. An archival article from 1947 in the Wire,
written by CN Annadurai of the DMK, expressed disagreement with using the Sengol in a
democratic setting. Addressing Nehru, Annadurai stated, “For democracy to thrive, these symbols
must be discarded.”

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Additionally, the government's claim that the sceptre symbolized the transfer of power from Lord
Mountbatten to Nehru lacks official verification. Union Home Minister Amit Shah views the Sengol
as an effort to connect India's cultural traditions, specifically Tamil traditions, with a modern
parliament. "It reminds us of the rule of law in governance," he affirmed.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Budget 2024: When will FM Nirmala

Sitharaman Present Union Budget? Here's All
You Need to Know

According to media sources, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman is expected to present the
Modi 3.0 government’s first Union Budget for the financial year 2024-25 on July 23 or 24.
However, there has been no official confirmation of the date for the budget presentation in
Parliament.

As the anticipated date approaches, the expectations and demands from the public, industrialists,
and economists are growing. It remains to be seen how many of these demands will be
incorporated into the budget.

Parliament in Session

The 18th Lok Sabha session began on June 24 with the oath-taking ceremony of the newly
elected parliamentarians. This session has already witnessed some of the key events that will be
noted in history.

- On June 26, Om Birla was re-elected as the Lok Sabha Speaker for a second term, defeating
INDIA bloc’s candidate Kodikunnil Suresh by a voice vote in the first-ever election for the Lok
Sabha speaker post in India's history.
- After a decade, the Lok Sabha now has a Leader of the Opposition, with Rahul Gandhi
assuming the role for the first time in his political career.

The first part of the session concluded on July 2 amid intense chaos and disputes between the
opposition and the government. Originally scheduled to run until July 5, the session was abruptly
suspended indefinitely by the Lok Sabha Speaker due to the ongoing turmoil.

When Will Union Budget 2024 be Presented?

According to media sources, the Monsoon Session of Parliament is anticipated to begin on July
22 and is expected to continue until August 9. Experts suggest that Union Finance Minister
Nirmala Sitharaman will likely present the Union Budget on either July 23 or July 24. An official
confirmation from the government regarding the budget presentation date is still awaited.

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Monsoon Session Starts on? July 22 (Not Yet Confirmed)

Union Budget Date July 23 or 24 (Not Yet Confirmed)

Who will Present the Budget? Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman

Where will Budget be Presented? Lok Sabha

Also Read: Top 5 Ministries with Highest Budgets; Know Which Cabinet Minister Has Most
Budget to Spend

How is Budget Prepared?

Normally, the budget-making process begins in the third quarter of the financial year. However,
when the country is facing an election, the government introduces an interim budget. After the
election, the newly formed government presents the full union budget in the Lok Sabha.

The budget process consists of four stages:

1. Estimating expenditures and revenues

2. Creating fiscal deficit estimate
3. Reducing the deficit
4. Presenting and obtaining approval for the budget.
1. Estimating expenditures and revenues

The budget-making process starts with ministries submitting initial estimates of plan and non-plan
expenditures. Plan expenditures are discussed with the Planning Commission, which allocates
resources for ongoing and new programs based on finance ministry estimates. Non-plan
expenditures are prepared by ministry financial advisors and consolidated by the expenditure
secretary. After discussions, budget estimates for the next fiscal year are finalized.

The finance ministry must also estimate the central government's expected revenue for the
financial year to accurately assess the budget amount.

2. Creating fiscal deficit estimate

Once the expenditure and revenue estimates are completed, they are compared to determine the
expected revenue shortfall needed to meet the country's expenditures. This comparison helps the
government decide on the minimum borrowing required to cover the deficit.

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3. Reducing the Deficit

After the estimation of the fiscal deficit, the government has two options: (1) Narrow down the
deficit by a revision in tax rates, or (2) make changes in the expenditure. Ministry normally cuts
down the cost in plan expenditures.

4. Presenting and obtaining approval for the budget

The Indian Constitution establishes Parliament as the ultimate authority in financial matters.
Under Article 112, the Union government is mandated to present an annual budget of estimated
revenue and expenditures before both Houses of Parliament.

Also Read: Agniveer Debate Erupts Once Again in Parliament; Know All About Agniveer
Scheme, Salary, Eligibility Criteria and More

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Amravati to Get South Asia's Largest Flying

Training Organization; Know its Significance
for India's Aviation Market

Indian airline company Air India is all set to establish South Asia’s largest Flying Training
Organization (FTO) in Amravati, located in the Vidarbha region. This new FTO will significantly
enhance India's pilot training capacity.

The Amravati airport runway has been recently extended by the Maharashtra Airport
Development Company. Managing Director Swati Pandey stated, “The infrastructure at Belora
airport has been recently upgraded and now includes instrument-landing and night-landing
systems.”

The initiative was initially taken by former President Pratibha Patil, whose son Rajendra
Shekhawat was a state MLA from the Vidarbha region. It has now been continued by Devendra
Fadnavis, whose mother is from Amravati.

South Asia’s Largest Flying Training Organization (FTO)

According to reports, South Asia’s largest Flying Training Organization (FTO) is expected to be
operational by mid-2026. Once fully functional, the FTO will produce 180 professionally trained
commercial pilots annually.

The first FTO operated by an Indian airline, it will be equipped with 31 single-engine aircraft and 3
twin-engine aircraft for training.

The Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) has issued a tender to Air India, which
will establish and manage this FTO under a 30-year license from the Directorate General of Civil
Aviation (DGCA).

Training Facility at FTO

Spread across ten acres, the flying school will feature a digitalized operations center, world-class
dormitories, smart classrooms, and a dedicated repair facility to enhance operational efficiency.

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The infrastructure includes a recently extended 1,850-meter runway, modern navigational aids,
and night landing capabilities. Amravati with 300 days of clear visibility annually offers ideal
conditions for pilot training, making it a best choice for Airb India’s training school.

The FTO is designed to provide the highest safety standards and top-tier training to its students.

Also Read: Agniveer Debate Erupts Once Again in Parliament; Know All About Agniveer
Scheme, Salary, Eligibility Criteria and More

What is its Significance?

The establishment of the FTO promises numerous benefits, including enhancing Indian aviation's
self-sufficiency and opening up new opportunities for Indian students to pursue careers as pilots,
as highlighted by Air India CEO and MD Campbell Wilson.

"It marks a significant stride in enhancing India's aviation self-reliance," remarked Wilson. “As Air
India progresses on its transformative path, the emerging pilots from this FTO will bolster the
airline's aspirations of achieving global prominence.”

Over the next decade, the collaboration between MADC and Air India is projected to create more
than 3,000 new job openings in the aviation sector and related industries, contributing over Rs.
1,000 crore to the state's GDP.

"The establishment of South Asia's largest FTO will undoubtedly inspire students in Maharashtra
to pursue careers in aviation, fostering a profound sense of pride and inspiration among the
state's citizens," remarked Swati Pandey, Vice Chairman & Managing Director of Maharashtra
Airport Development Company.

Air India's Commitment to Atmanirbhar Bharat

Air India's Director of the Aviation Academy, Sunil Bhaskaran, reiterated the airline's commitment
to advancing the government's Atmanirbhar Bharat agenda. By enhancing India's aviation
infrastructure, Air India aims to meet the needs of one of the world's fastest-growing aviation
markets.

Over the past two years, the airline has recruited over a thousand pilots and currently operates a
fleet of approximately 140 aircraft.

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Also Read: Will PM Modi Fly to Space? Check Latest Updates on Ganganyaan Mission

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Today Current Affairs One Liners: 02 July

2024- World Sports Journalist Day 2024

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as South Asia's largest flying training organization, joint
military exercise Maitri, World Sports Journalist Day etc.

1. In which state will South Asia's largest flying training organization be established- Maharashtra

2. When is World Sports Journalist Day celebrated every year- 2 July

3. Who has been appointed as batting coach and mentor by Royal Challengers Bangalore-
Dinesh Karthik

4. The joint military exercise Maitri is organized between India and which country- Thailand

5. Where will the ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026 be held- India-Sri Lanka

6. How many medals did India win in Under 23 Asian Wrestling Championship 2024- 8

7. Which country has recently assumed the presidency of the European Union Council- Hungary

8. Which country has recently introduced holographic technology in bank notes – Japan

9. Who recently became the first country to prepare a complete list of Fauna – India

10. BCCI announced a prize of how many crores of rupees for the T20 World winning Indian team
- 125 crores

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Agniveer Debate Erupts Once Again in

Parliament; Know All About Agniveer
Scheme, Salary, Eligibility Criteria and More

With the commencement of the maiden session of the Modi 3.0 government, the opposition has
strongly criticized government initiatives, particularly the "Agniveer Yojana". In his inaugural
speech as the leader of the opposition, Rahul Gandhi sharply criticized various schemes
launched during Modi's previous two terms.

Rahul Gandhi emphasized the inequality caused by schemes like the Agniveer Yojana among
soldiers. He pointed out that this scheme ensures that only a specific faction of soldiers receives
pensions, while others do not.

Why in News?

The controversial Agnipath scheme has once again come under discussion, highlighted by
Leader of the Opposition Rahul Gandhi in the Lok Sabha. Gandhi criticized the scheme, stating,
"Agniveer is a use-and-throw labor system. One jawan gets a pension, while another does not.
You are creating a divide between jawans."

Rahul Gandhi blamed Prime Minister Modi for implementing the discriminatory Agniveer scheme
without any prior discussion or consultation with the opposition, while giving his first speech in
18th Lok Sabha Session.

What is the Agnipath Scheme?

The Agnipath scheme, launched by the Central government in June 2022, enlists young
individuals on a contractual basis, differing from regular soldiers in the Indian Army.

Only 25% of these individuals are selected to join the armed forces, where they can serve for 15
years as Junior Commissioned Officers in the Indian Army or in equivalent roles in the Navy and
Air Force.

Also Read: Will PM Modi Fly to Space? Check Latest Updates on Ganganyaan Mission

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Who are Agniveers?

The Agniveer program, implemented through the Agnipath Scheme, aims to recruit patriotic and
motivated youth aged 17.5 to 21 years for a four-year term in the Armed Forces.

According to the Ministry of Defense, this initiative is designed to rejuvenate the Armed Forces
with a youthful, tech-savvy profile, infusing fresh enthusiasm and vigor—referred to as ‘Josh’ and
‘Jazba’.

These 'Agniveers' serve for four years and subsequently transition into civilian roles to contribute
their skills to national development. Upon completion, they receive a certificate and a 'Seva Nidhi'
of Rs 11.71 lakh.

What is the Salary Package of Agniveer?

Agniveers receive a base pay ranging from Rs 30,000 to Rs 40,000 per month, along with
additional risk and hardship allowances. They contribute 30% of their monthly earnings to the
Seva Nidhi fund, with the government matching this contribution. Upon completing their service,
Agniveers receive a tax-exempt severance package of approximately Rs 11.71 lakhs, including
interest.

In the event of an Agniveer's death while on duty, their family is awarded a lump sum of Rs 1
crore, which includes the Seva Nidhi package, along with full pay for the remaining service period.
If an Agniveer sustains a disability due to or aggravated by military service, they are eligible for
compensation up to Rs 44 lakhs, based on the severity of the disability.

What are the Eligibility Criteria?

A candidate applying for the Agniveer Scheme must meet certain criteria as issued by the
government. Check the following table for more details:
Criteria Requirement

Nationality Indian or Nepali Citizen

Age Criteria 17.5 and 21 years

Education Qualification Minimum 10th Pass (Varies Based on Post)

Why is it in Debate?

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Since its inception, the Agniveer program has faced criticism. Critics, including youth participants,
argue that it lacks retirement benefits and gratuity, leaving 75% of recruits without long-term
security. Concerns also revolve around the majority who leave after the four-year service period.
There are calls to extend the maximum age limit to 23 to address these issues.

Also Read: Arundhati Roy Awarded 2024 PEN Pinter Prize Amid UAPA Controversy

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

New Criminal Law in Action; Know Which

Section is What in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita?

On Monday, July 1, three new criminal statutes came into effect, replacing longstanding laws. The
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) replaces the Criminal Procedure Code
(CrPC), the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaces the Indian Penal Code, and the Bharatiya
Sakshya Adhiniyam replaces the Indian Evidence Act.

Passed by Parliament last year, the government framed these laws as an effort to eliminate
colonial remnants from India's legal system. Home Minister Amit Shah stated last year that the
older laws introduced by the British were designed to strengthen British rule, not to administer
justice. "Their purpose was to punish, not to dispense justice," he emphasized.

"The three new criminal laws are being introduced with entirely new perspectives and provisions,
aiming to eliminate delays in the criminal justice system after nearly 150 years," Shah added. "At
the heart of these bills are the protection of human rights, constitutional rights, and the right of
Indian citizens to self-defense. These laws will reflect the essence of Indian values, free from any
colonial influence."

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2024

The BNS comprises 358 sections, compared to the 511 sections in the IPC. Consequently, the
longstanding numbering system of numerous criminal charges in the IPC has been revised. For
instance, the term "420," widely recognized as a catch-all phrase for cheating due to its definition
in Section 420 of the IPC, is now designated as Section 318 in the BNS.

The new laws embrace modern technology, broadening the definition of documents to
encompass electronic records such as emails, server logs, SMS, websites, and digital messages.
This initiative aims to significantly reduce the use of paper in court proceedings.

Also Read: July 1 Marks an End to Colonial Laws With New Criminal Laws; Know Which
Laws have Been Replaced

What are the Major Changes?

Below are the new section numbers for some of the most significant crimes under the BNS:

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Name of Crime (BNS) Previous Section (IPC) New Section (BNS)

Punishment for murder 302 103

Attempt to murder 307 109

Rape 375 63

Gang rape 376D 70(1)

Cruelty against a married woman 498A 85

Dowry death 304B 80

Sexual harassment 354A 75

Outraging the modesty of a woman 354 74

Criminal intimidation 503 351

Defamation 499 356

Cheating 420 318

Criminal conspiracy 120A 61

Sedition 124A 152

Promoting enmity between groups 153A 196

Imputations prejudicial to integration 153B 197

Statements conducive to public mischief 505 353

Public nuisance 268 270

What Does it Imply?

While the government claimed that the new laws would modernize and decolonize the Indian
legal system, some opponents contend that nothing notably new was added to the legislation, as
the majority of the previous laws' sections were simply renumbered and relabelled. Because
police, attorneys, and judges would have to learn the new order of the same old provisions, these
rules might possibly cause a great deal of hardship, even though they offer nothing new in the
way of reforms, according to the critics.

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It is also mentioned that, with regard to pending cases and offenses that occurred up until July 1,
2024, the previous laws would remain in effect for at least another two or three decades.

Also Read: Who is Sujata Saunik, Women Who Created History in Maharashtra?

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Will PM Modi Fly to Space? Check Latest

Updates on Ganganyaan Mission

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is gearing up to launch its first manned mission
“Gaganyaan” to space within the next few years. In an exclusive interview with NDTV, ISRO
Chairman S. Somnath expressed his enthusiasm and trust in his mission, stating, “All of us will be
very, very proud if we can confidently send the head of state to space.”

This remark came in response to a question about the possibility of sending Prime Minister
Narendra Modi to space in a completely Indian-made shuttle, launched from Indian soil.

Will PM Modi Fly to Space?

ISRO Chairman S. Somnath, when asked about sending Prime Minister Narendra Modi to space,
said it would be a proud moment for Indian and ISRO if “we can confidently send the head of
state to space.”

He further said, “While he [PM Modi] certainly has many other, more critical responsibilities,
developing a human spaceflight program is a capability we'd like to cultivate.” This mission’s
objective is to support the Gaganyaan space program, specifically focusing on training astronauts
for the International Space Station (ISS). “The experience gained will be instrumental in building
our capacity in this domain.”

What is Gaganyaan Mission?

The ISRO project 'Gaganyaan' aims to send Indian astronauts into low-Earth orbit using an Indian
launch vehicle, aligning with PM Modi’s ‘Make in India’ initiative. This mission will highlight India's
ability to develop and use cutting-edge space technology, thus giving a boost to Indian space
program.

PM Modi himself initiated this mission. Last year, he directed ISRO director to establish an Indian
space station by 2035 and send an Indian astronaut on the moon by 2040. While ISRO has
already demonstrated its capabilities with missions like Chandrayaan-3, these new objectives
represent even greater technological challenges.

The first crewed Gaganyaan mission will last for one day in space. During this time, the astronaut

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will orbit the Earth sixteen times. The main goal of this mission is to test the life support and
control systems, ensuring they work properly for longer missions in the future.

Also Read: New Criminal Law in Action; Know Which Section Changed in New Criminal
Law?

Gaganyaan Mission Latest Update

Discussing the launch schedule for India's first-ever human space mission, Dr. S. Somnath
remarked, "With Gaganyaan, we are at a pivotal point this year." He outlined three major
upcoming missions:

- the primary goal is to conduct an unmanned mission to orbit, remain in orbit for a period, and
return safely,
- the second objective is to test the equipment and algorithms, and
- the third is to verify the launch pad scenario.

Dr. Somnath further mentioned that the first test flight of the Gaganyaan mission is scheduled for
the end of next year. He further clarified that the future of India's manned space missions
depends on the progress made with each successful mission.

Who will Fly in Gaganyaan?

Earlier this year, four astronauts were introduced as the pioneers preparing to embark on India's
space journey. Described as "adventurers and valiant men," these officers, hailing from the Indian
Air Force, include Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group
Captain Angad Pratap, and Group Captain Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair.

The crew module will feature "Vyommitra," a gynoid or feminine robot, fully equipped with sensors
to monitor radiation and weightlessness effects on the astronauts. It will further oversee capsule
conditions, and perform various other tasks deemed necessary.

In this context, Gaganyaan will enable India to achieve self-sufficiency in human spaceflight,
allowing the country to set its own timelines rather than depending on costly contracts with foreign
launch services. This initiative aligns with broader efforts to establish India's presence in space
exploration.

Also Read: Potato in Space? What is Viral 'Space Potato', Check All Details

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 Current Affairs | July 2024

Which African City is Most Unliveable City in

the World? Check the Top 10 Least Liveable
City

The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) has released its 2024 Global Liveability Index, naming
Vienna, Austria, as the world's most livable city once again. Cities are ranked based on key
criteria such as healthcare, education, infrastructure, stability, culture, and the environment.

Following Vienna, Copenhagen, Denmark, maintains its position in second place, while Zurich,
Switzerland, has climbed to third. Melbourne, Australia, has notably dropped from third to fourth
place. Geneva, Switzerland, and Calgary, Canada, share fifth place. Other notable cities in the
top 10 include Auckland, New Zealand, and Osaka, Japan.

Vienna Reclaims the Crown

Vienna's impeccable ratings in infrastructure, stability, healthcare, and education secured its top
spot this year. Zurich, Switzerland, and Copenhagen, Denmark, both in Western Europe, claimed
second and third places, respectively.

According to the 2024 EIU Global Liveability Index, Vienna's overall score in the culture and
environment categories was somewhat diminished due to "a lack of major sporting events."

Top 10 Most Liveable Cities:

With eight cities in the top 20, Western Europe remains the most livable region globally.
Denmark's Copenhagen takes second place for the third year in a row.

Rank City Country

1st Vienna Austria

2nd Copenhagen Denmark

3rd Zurich Switzerland

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4th Melbourne Australia

5th Calgary Canada

5th Geneva Switzerland

7th Sydney Australia

7th Vancouver Canada

9th Osaka Japan

9th Auckland New Zealand

Also Read: July 1 Marks an End to Colonial Laws With New Criminal Laws; Know Which
Laws have Been Replaced

Which City is Least Liveable?

Cities in North Africa, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa dominate the bottom 10 of the
rankings. According to the survey, Damascus, Syria, and Tripoli, Libya, are the least livable cities
due to civil unrest that has devastated their economies.

The ongoing military conflict in Ukraine, sparked by Russia's invasion in February 2022, has
placed Kyiv as the ninth least livable city in the world.

Top 10 Least Liveable Cities

The poll indicates that due to the economic devastation caused by civil upheaval, Damascus,
Syria, and Tripoli, Libya, rank as the least habitable cities.
Rank City Country

1st Caracas Venezuela

2nd Kyiv Ukraine

3rd Port Moresby PNG

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4th Harare Zimbabwe

5th Dhaka Bangladesh

6th Karachi Pakistan

7th Lagos Nigeria

8th Algiers Algeria

9th Tripoli Libya

10th Damascus Syria

Cities Becoming More Liveable?

What do these findings mean for global livability? This year's research shows a positive trend,
mainly due to improvements in healthcare and education in emerging countries. However, these
improvements are partly offset by declining scores in several leading cities. Geopolitical threats
have also affected the overall index.

"While there have been slight improvements in global liveability over the past year, stability risks
still exist," notes Barsali Bhattacharyya, deputy industry director at EIU. "Rising inflation, interest
rates, and other economic challenges have resulted in widespread protests around the world."

Why India’s Rank Declined?

The poor air quality in India has led to a decline in the livability rankings of its cities. The EIU
notes that while the government prioritizes infrastructure development, the vast size and diverse
geography of the country mean improvements will take time.

One unexpected finding in this year's results, according to Bhattacharyya, is that "Overall, cities in
developing countries have seen a decline in scores, while those in wealthy nations have made
significant strides in improving their liveability standards."

Also Read: Who is Sujata Saunik, Women Who Created History in Maharashtra?

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July 1 Marks an End to Colonial Laws With

New Criminal Laws; Know Which Laws have
Been Replaced

Starting July 1, the nation’s judicial system will undergo significant reforms. The outdated Indian
Penal Code (1860), Indian Evidence Act (1872), and Code of Criminal Procedure (1973) have
been replaced by the Indian Justice Code (2023), the Indian Evidence Act (2023), and the Indian
Civil Protection Code (2023).

These three new laws, passed by Parliament in December of last year, are now in force
nationwide. The new laws particularly enforce modern advancements into legal processes of
India. The government emphasized the importance of these changes during parliamentary
discussions when discussing the New Criminal Bill.

What are the New Criminal Laws?

The three new laws replacing the old ones are:

- Indian Justice Code (2023) replaces the Indian Penal Code (1860)
- Indian Civil Protection Code (2023) replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (1973)
- Indian Evidence Act (2023) replaces the Indian Evidence Act (1872)
When were New Criminal Laws Introduced?

The bills for these new laws were proposed in the Lok Sabha on December 12, 2023.

- July 1, 2024: The new criminal laws comes into force

- February 24, 2024: The Central Government announced that the new laws would take effect
from July 1, 2024.
- December 25, 2023: The President gave his assent to the new laws
- December 21, 2023: The Bills passed by the Rajya Sabha
- December 20, 2023: The Lok Sabha passed the bills and transfers it to Rajya Sabha
- December 12, 2023: Bills for the new laws were proposed in the Lok Sabha.

Also Read: Arundhati Roy Awarded 2024 PEN Pinter Prize Amid UAPA Controversy

Making Indian Laws Digital Friendly

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The new laws incorporate the latest technology, expanding the definition of documents to include
electronic records such as emails, server logs, SMS, websites, and digital messages. A move like
this will also reduce the volume of paper in courts.

Expansion of Video Conferencing and Videography

The new laws provide for the digitization of processes from FIR to judgment. Now, the entire trial
process, including cross-examinations, can be conducted via video conferencing. Videography
during searches and seizures is mandatory, ensuring that chargesheets without such recordings
are invalid.

Emphasis on Forensic Science

Union Home Minister Amit Shah emphasized in the House that, despite 75 years of
independence, the country's conviction rate remains low. He pointed out that this low conviction
rate underscores the urgent need to promote forensic science. The establishment of a National
Forensic Science University aims to produce 33,000 forensic experts annually. For crimes with
sentences of seven years or more, forensic team visits to crime scenes are mandatory to
strengthen evidence and reduce acquittal rates.

Introduction of Mobile Forensic Science Laboratories

In Delhi, an effective trial was conducted where the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) team
responded to every criminal incident with a potential penalty of over seven years. To enhance this
approach, the successful implementation of mobile FSL units has been introduced. These units
will consist of three mobile FSLs per district, ensuring prompt forensic response at crime scenes.

Provision for e-FIR and Zero FIR

For the first time, e-FIR and Zero FIR provisions have been introduced. Citizens can register
crimes anywhere, even outside their local police station's jurisdiction. The registered crime must
be sent to the concerned police station within 15 days. Each district and police station will have a
designated officer to inform the family of an arrested person online and personally.

Video Recording of Statements

In cases of sexual assault, the victim's statement is mandatory, and in cases of sexual
harassment, the statement must also be recorded on video. After the initial 90-day period, the
complainant must receive status updates from the police every 15 days. This ensures that

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individual rights are protected, as no government will be permitted to withdraw a case involving a
prison sentence of seven years or more without first consulting the victim.

Court Decisions are available online

A goal has been set to computerize all courts in the country by 2027. The new laws require
charge sheets to be filed within 90 days, with a possible extension of another 90 days. The court
must give notice of charges within 60 days and deliver verdicts within 30 days of arguments
concluding, with decisions made available online within seven days.

Also Read: Who is Sujata Saunik, Women Who Created History in Maharashtra?

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Today Current Affairs One Liners: 01 July

2024- 3 New Criminal Laws

One liner current affairs: Jagran Josh presents current affairs in one line. In today’s session, get
briefings about the important topics such as 30th Army Chief, T20 World Cup 2024, Sujata
Saunik, Minami-Torishima Island etc.

1. Who took charge as the 30th Army Chief- Upendra Dwivedi

2. PM Modi recently released three books based on whose life- M. Venkaiah Naidu

3. Who has taken charge as the first woman Chief Secretary of Maharashtra- Sujata Saunik

4. Recently, after Rohit Sharma and Virat Kohli, which Indian has retired from T20I cricket-
Ravindra Jadeja

ALSO READ: Today Current Affairs Quiz: 01 July 2024

5. Who was selected as the Player of the Tournament in T20 World Cup 2024- Jasprit Bumrah

6. Where will the Global India AI Summit 2024 be planned- New Delhi

7. Minami-Torishima Island, which was in the news recently, belongs to which country- Japan

8. In the final of T20 World Cup 2024, India defeated which country to win the title for the second
time- South Africa

9. Who won the 'Smart Catch of the Match' award in the final of T20 World Cup 2024-
Suryakumar Yadav

ALSO READ:

New Criminal Laws: Verdict within 45 days of end of trial! Know in detail about the new
criminal laws

Maharashtra gets its first woman Chief Secretary in its 64-year history

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Who is Sujata Saunik, Women Who Created

History in Maharashtra?

Sujata Saunik, a distinguished IAS officer, made history on Sunday by becoming the first woman
to assume the role of Chief Secretary in Maharashtra in its 64-year history. Saunik, a 1987-batch
IAS officer, succeeded Nitin Kareer, who retired on Sunday. According to an official, she will serve
her full term before retiring in June of next year.

The handover ceremony took place on Monday night at the state headquarters, Mantralaya, in
south Mumbai, where Kareer officially passed the responsibilities to Saunik. Prior to this
promotion, Saunik was the Additional Chief Secretary of the state home department. Notably, her
husband, Manoj Saunik, is also a former state chief secretary.

Who is Sujata Saunik?

Sujata Saunik, 1987-batch IAS officer studied at Harvard University's School of Public Health as a
Takemi Fellow, brings a lot of experience to her new role as Chief Secretary of Maharashtra. With
a career spanning thirty years in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Saunik has served at
international organizations and at the district, state, and federal levels in healthcare, finance,
education, disaster management, and peacekeeping.

Throughout her illustrious career, Saunik has held several key positions. She has held positions
as the Executive Director of the Central Social Welfare Board, Joint Secretary, and Advisor to the
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), as well as in the Ministry of Women & Child
Development. Her international experience includes roles with the UN Mission in Kosovo as a civil
affairs officer and municipal administrator, as well as working in Cambodia as an election monitor
and civil affairs officer.

Who Else were in the Race?

Besides Saunik, other contenders for the Chief Secretary position were veteran officials Rajesh
Kumar and IS Chahal.

But after she was appointed to the position of secretary earlier this week, placing her among the
nation's most senior bureaucrats, the administration was forced to designate her as the state's
chief secretary.

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Also Read: Potato in Space? What is Viral 'Space Potato', Check All Details

What does this Appointment Signify?

The decision to appoint Saunik, who had previously been overlooked twice, aligns with the BJP-
Shiv Sena-NCP Maha Yuti's mission to empower women, a commitment also reflected in last
week's budget presentation.

Women Breaking Barriers in Maharashtra

Notably, for the first time in Maharashtra's history, the two highest civil service positions are held
by women—Sujata Saunik as Chief Secretary and Rashmi Shukla as Director General of Police.

Rashmi Shukla: First Female DGP of Maharashtra

The other top-ranking female bureaucrat in the Maharashtra government is Rashmi Shukla, a
senior member of the Indian Police Service (IPS), who assumed the role of Maharashtra's
Director General of Police in January 2024. Shukla's appointment makes her the first female IPS
officer to be appointed to the highest position in the state police hierarchy.

Previously, Shukla served as the Commissioner of Police for Pune, where she launched the
successful "buddy cop" program, which was later implemented statewide. Before taking command
of the Sashastra Seema Bal on central deputation, Shukla was the Additional Director General of
the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF).

Also Read: Arundhati Roy Awarded 2024 PEN Pinter Prize Amid UAPA Controversy

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Top 7 Deadliest Train Accidents in India:

Kanchenjunga Express Accident Adds to List

Indian Railway system yet again brought a strike of tragedy for the relatives of the people who
died in the Kanchenjunga Express Train accident. At least 10 people died, and over 40 were
injured in the horrific train collision between two trains in the beautiful hill station of West Bengal,
Darjeeling. The accident took place on June 17, 2024.

The accident took place at around 9 in the morning when a cargo train rammed the Kanchanjunga
Express, which was traveling from Assam to Kolkata. The goods train loco pilot and two other
railway staff were among the dead.

Reason of Kanchenjunga Train Accident

The Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has called for an inquiry into the Kanchenjunga
Express train collision. The Chairman of the Railway Board stated that the Kanchanjungha
Express, which was traveling from Agartala to Sealdah, was struck by a cargo train from behind
that ignored the signal in the vicinity of Jalpaiguri.

Based on the preliminary investigation from the Railway Board, it was found that the goods train
was above speed limits when it crashed because of a malfunctioning automatic signaling system.

This is not the first time that passengers lost their lives due to a failure, manual or machine, on the
railway end. Here is the list of the top 5 deadliest train accidents that occurred in India, which took
numerous lives.

Also Read: Could Kavach Technology Prevent Kanchenjunga Train Accident?

Top 7 Deadliest Train Accidents in India

Being the fourth largest railway network comes with its challenges. India has been a victim of
many train accidents. With the loss of 10 lives in the recent Kanchenjunga Express accident, the
discussion on train safety is once again in trend. Let’s take a look at some of the deadliest train
accidents in India:

Balasore Train Accident: 2023

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The Shalimar-Chennai Coromandel Express derailed, sending ten or twelve coaches flying into
the other track. Then the Bengaluru-Howrah Superfast Express ran into the derailed coaches,
which caused three or four of its own coaches to go derailing. The fact that a cargo train was also
involved in the collision added to the misery. Over 900 people were hurt, and at least 275 people
died in this triple-train crash.

Pukhrayan Train Derailment: 2016

In the year 2016, fourteen coaches of the Indore-Patna Express train fell off the rails in the vicinity
of Pukhrayan, around 100 kilometers from Kanpur, resulting in up to 120 deaths and over 200
injuries.

Jnaneshwari Express Derailment: 2010

A total of 148 people died when the Mumbai-bound train derailed close to Jhargram and was
struck by an approaching cargo train. Authorities stated that Maoist sabotage was to blame for the
derailment. The event happened shortly after the CPI (Maoist) called for a four-day bandh.

Rafiganj Train Wreck: 2002

More than 140 persons were killed in the Rafiganj train disaster when the Howrah Rajdhani
Express crashed over a bridge over the Dhave River. Terrorist sabotage was held accountable for
the event.

Gaisal Train Disaster: 1999

At least 285 persons lost their lives when two trains crashed close to Kolkata. The incident
happened when two trains carrying over 2,500 passengers collided at West Bengal's isolated
Gaisal station. It was the result of a signaling mistake. Three of the four tracks on the line were
closed for maintenance, thus both trains were utilizing the same track.

Sealdah Express Collision: 1998

A total of 212 people died when the Jammu Tawi-Sealdah Express and three derailed coaches of
Frontier Golden Temple Mail trains crashed in Khanna, Punjab, in 1998.

Firozabad Rail Disaster: 1995

Two trains collided 200 km from Delhi, resulting in at least 350 deaths. A passenger train and a
train that had stopped after hitting a nilgai collided on August 20, 1995, at 02:55, resulting in the

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Firozabad rail disaster.

Also Read: Top 5 Ministries with Highest Budgets; Know Which Cabinet Minister Has Most
Budget to Spend

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