Scribd
Upload
77 views5 pages

Physics Formula Book g9

Njj

Uploaded by

tesfayee779
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views5 pages

Physics Formula Book g9

Njj

Uploaded by

tesfayee779
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Physics Formula Book - Grade 9

June 5, 2024

This document contains fundamental laws and formulas from the Grade 9
Physics textbook.

Join telegram channel


https://t.me/grade9to12ethiopia

Unit 1: Physics and Human Society


No formulas, but key concepts:

• Physics: A branch of natural science that describes the fundamental


mechanisms of the universe.
• Branches of Physics: Mechanics, Acoustics, Optics, Thermodynamics,
Electromagnetism, Nuclear Physics, Astrophysics, etc.
• Relationship with other fields: Physics is the foundation of Chemistry,
Engineering, Geology, Biophysics, Geophysics, Medical Physics, etc.
• Historical Contributors: Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, James Prescott
Joule, Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, etc.

Unit 2: Physical Quantities


• Scientific Notation: d × 10n where d is a decimal number between 0
and 10, and n is an integer.
• Significant Figures:

1
– Addition and Subtraction: The final answer should have the same
number of decimal places as the term with the least number of deci-
mal places.
– Multiplication and Division: The final answer should have the
same number of significant figures as the term with the least number
of significant figures.
• Vectors and Scalars:
– Vectors: Quantities that have both magnitude and direction. Ex-
amples include displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. Rep-
⃗
resented by bold letters or with an arrow on top, e.g., A.
– Scalars: Quantities that have only magnitude and no direction. Ex-
amples include distance, speed, mass, and temperature.

Unit 3: Motion in a Straight Line


• Definition of Motion: Change in position of an object with respect to
a fixed point (frame of reference) over time.

• Displacement: S
⃗ = X⃗f − X
⃗i

• Distance: Total path length travelled by a body.

• Speed: v = s
t

• Average Speed: vav = stot


ttot

• Instantaneous Speed: vins = ∆s


∆t as ∆t → 0
⃗f −X
X ⃗i ⃗ ⃗
• Average Velocity: v⃗av = tf −ti = ∆X
∆t = S
∆t

• Instantaneous Velocity: vins


⃗ = lim∆t→0 ∆⃗
x
∆t

v⃗f −v⃗i
• Average Acceleration: a⃗av = tf −ti = ∆⃗
v
∆t

⃗
• Slope of a Position-Time Graph: Slope = rise
run = ∆X
∆t = v⃗av

• Slope of a Velocity-Time Graph: Slope = rise


run = ∆⃗
v
∆t = a⃗av
• Uniform Motion: Motion with constant velocity (speed and direction).

2
Unit 4: Force, Work, Energy and Power
• Definition of Force: A push or pull that can change an object’s motion
or shape.
• Contact Forces: Forces involving physical contact (e.g., friction, normal
force, spring force).
• Non-Contact Forces: Forces that act without direct contact (e.g., grav-
ity, magnetic force).
• Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia): An object at rest
stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed
and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

• Newton’s Second Law of Motion: The acceleration of an object is di-


rectly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional
to its mass. F⃗ = m⃗a
2
• Unit of Force (Newton): 1N = 1 kg · m/s
• Gravitational Force (Weight): Fg = mg or W = mg

• Newton’s Third Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal


and opposite reaction. F⃗12 = −F⃗21
• Work: The product of force and the displacement of the object in the
direction of the force. W = F∥ S

• Kinetic Energy: Energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Ek =


1 2
2 mv

• Gravitational Potential Energy: Energy possessed by an object due


to its position in a gravitational field. Ep = mgh
• Mechanical Energy: The sum of kinetic and potential energies.

• Power: The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. P = W


t
or P = Et
• Unit of Power (Watt): 1W = 1 J/s

Unit 5: Simple Machines


• Definition of a Simple Machine: A device that requires a single force
to do mechanical work, often changing the direction or magnitude of the
force.
• Types of Simple Machines: Inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, wheel
and axle, pulley.

3
• Work Input: W ork input = ef f ort × distance moved by ef f ort
• Work Output: W ork output = load × distance moved by load
• Mechanical Advantage (M.A.): M.A. = Output f orce
Input f orce = load
ef f ort

• Velocity Ratio (V.R.): V.R. = distance moved by ef f ort


distance moved by load

• Efficiency (η): η = P ower output


P ower input = W ork output
W ork input = M.A.
V.R.

• Mechanical Advantage of Lever: M.A. = load


ef f ort = dE
dL

• Velocity Ratio of Lever: V.R. = dE


dL

• Mechanical Advantage of Inclined Plane: M.A. = load


ef f ort = l
h

• Velocity Ratio of Inclined Plane: V.R. = l


h

• Mechanical Advantage of Wedge: M.A. = load


ef f ort

• Velocity Ratio of Wedge: V.R. = l


t

• Mechanical Advantage of Screw: M.A. = πd


p where d is the diameter
and p is the pitch.
• Mechanical Advantage of Wheel and Axle: M.A. = load
ef f ort = R
r

• Velocity Ratio of Wheel and Axle: V.R. = R


r

• Mechanical Advantage of Pulley: M.A. = load


ef f ort

• Velocity Ratio of Pulley: V.R. = N where N is the number of sections


of rope supporting the load.

Unit 6: Mechanical Oscillation and Sound Wave


• Period (T): Time for one complete cycle of periodic motion.
• Frequency (f ): Number of cycles per unit time. f = 1
T or T = 1
f

• Amplitude (A): Maximum displacement from equilibrium position.

• Wavelength (λ): Distance between identical points on adjacent waves.


• Wave Speed (v): Speed at which the wave travels. v = λf
q
• Period of a Simple Pendulum: T = 2π Lg

• Period of a Spring-Mass System: T = 2π


pm
k

4
• Hooke’s Law: The restoring force of a spring is proportional to the
displacement from its equilibrium position. Fres = −kx
q
• Speed of Sound in Air at Temperature Tc : v = 331 m/s 1 + 273 Tc
◦C

• Superposition Principle: When two or more waves meet at a point, the


resultant displacement is the vector sum of the individual displacements.

Unit 7: Temperature and Thermometry


• Definition of Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy
of the particles in a substance.
• Temperature Scales: Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), Kelvin (K)
• Conversion Formulas:

– Celsius to Fahrenheit: TF = 59 TC + 32
– Fahrenheit to Celsius: TC = 59 (TF − 32)
– Celsius to Kelvin: TK = TC + 273.15
– Kelvin to Celsius: TC = TK − 273.15
• Linear Expansion: Increase in length of a substance due to heating.
∆L = αL0 ∆T
• Coefficient of Linear Expansion (α): The increase in length of a 1
meter rod of a given substance when its temperature increases by 1 K.
• Greenhouse Effect: The warming of Earth’s surface and lower atmo-
sphere due to the absorption of infrared radiation by greenhouse gases
(carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, fluorinated gases).

Join telegram channel


https://t.me/grade9to12ethiopia

You might also like