Sr.

No. Contents Page No.

01 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 02

02 INTRODUCTION 03

03 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 04

04 CONCEPT OF SOFTWARE USE TO WRITING APPLICATION 05

05 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 10

06 SOURCE CODE 11

07 SNAPSHOT OF USER INTERFACE 17

08 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 19

09 TESTING 20

10 CODING EXECUTION PROCEDURE 21

11 BIBILOGRAPHY 21

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on
the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity
to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the
successful completion of this project.

I express deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength for
the successful completion of the project.

I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement

while carrying out this project.

I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who

contributed in bringing this project up to this level, who continues to look
after me despite my flaws,

I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary The Principal, SSM

Maheshwari Public School Ladvi, Surat who has been continuously
motivating and extending their helping hand to us.

I am overwhelmed to express my thanks to computer departments for

providing me an infrastructure and moral support while carrying out this
project in the school.

My sincere thanks to Mr. Rajesh Yadav, Master In-charge, A guide, Mentor

all the above a friend, who critically reviewed my project and helping
solving each and every problem, occurred during implementation of the
project.

The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed
and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the
project. I am grateful for their constant support and help.

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 Project on World University Rankings
There are many resources to help the students find the right colleges for
themselves. University ranking are an important and authentic source of
information about various colleges across the world.
This project is very useful for analyzing the rankings of various global universities
in terms of an institution’s performance across teaching, research, influence and
knowledge. The project also helps the students to know about the quality of
education and faculty of a particular educational institution and enables them to
evaluate a greater range of institutions whether they are looking for to study
abroad or within the country.
The World University Rankings project is basically based on the database and is
done with the help of Python language.
The project consists of various graphs to analyze and represent data which helps
the users to draw a comparison between, and have a glimpse of, different
groups. It also helps get analyzed information is a structured format making it
easy to understand. This project (Front-end) has been developed using Python
version 3.9.0 and the back=end used in csv file which is sourced from
Kaggle.com/world_university_ranking.csv

Features of the Project

1. Free from technical errors
2. Time saving
3. Data is easily analyzed through various methods-sort(), groupy, mean, median,
mode, etc.
5. Visualized data, e.g., Bar chart, Scatter chart, Histogram, etc,
6. User-friendly interface
Python as Front-end
Python is a simple, open source and object-oriented coding language. It is easy to
learn as it is a dynamic type, high-level and interpreted coding language. Python
language supports a cross- platform operating system that is used to build
different applications that create a more convenient environment for the users
Data Visualization and Data Science
Using extracted data and python libraries like Numpy and Pandas, one can study
information that one has and can easily perform several operations. For data
visualization, there are different libraries like Seaborn and Matplotlib and are
used to plot graphs and charts. This one of the Puthon features that is used by
data scientists.
Conclusion:
Python is one of the simplest programming languages that is used for a variety of
applications.

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 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to let the students apply the
programming knowledge into a real- world situation/problem and
exposed the students how programming skills helps in developing a
good software.

1. Write programs utilizing modern software tools.

2. Apply object-oriented programming principles effectively when
developing small to medium sized projects.
3. Write effective procedural code to solve small to medium sized
problems.
4. Students will demonstrate a breadth of knowledge in Informatics
Practices, as exemplified in the areas of systems, theory and software
development.
5. Students will demonstrate ability to conduct a research or applied
Informatics practices project, requiring writing and presentation skills
which exemplify scholarly style in Informatics Practices.

PYTHON FEATURES
1. Python is compact and very easy to use object-oriented language.
2. Python is an expressive language – fewer lines of code and simpler syntax.
3. It is an interpreted language and not a compiled language.
4. Python can run equally on a variety of platforms like Windows, LINUX/UNIX,
etc.
5. Python language is freely available along with its source code.
6. python has evolved into a powerful, complete and useful language over the
years.
CSV as Back-end
CSV stands for Comma Separated Values. It is a popular way of representing and
storing tabular, common-oriented data in a persistent storage. It is very simple
and contains only text, separated by commas, or a long text with strings and
lines or some other definite character.
CSV Features
1. Human readable and easy to edit manually.
2. Simple to implement and parse.

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3. Processed by almost all existing applications.
4. Provides a straightforward information schema.
5. Faster to handle.
6. Smaller in size.
7. Considered to be standard format

Python Modules and Built-in Functions

Modules
1. Pandas: Pandas is a python’s database analysis library that provides data
structures and functions for data manipulation and analysis.
2. Matplotlib: Matplotlib is a Python library that provides many interfaces and
functionality for 2D graphics in various forms.
3. NumPy: NumPy stand for Numerical Python. It is a library consisting of mul
Project on

World University Rankings

There are many resources to help the students find the right colleges for
themselves. University ranking are an important and authentic source of
information about various colleges across the world.
This project is very useful for analyzing the rankings of various global universities
in terms of an institution’s performance across teaching, research, influence and
knowledge. The project also helps the students to know about the quality of
education and faculty of a particular educational institution and enables them to
evaluate a greater range of institutions whether they are looking for to study
abroad or within the country.
The World University Rankings project is basically based on the database and is
done with the help of Python language.
The project consists of various graphs to analyze and represent data which helps
the users to draw a comparison between, and have a glimpse of, different
groups. It also helps get analyzed information is a structured format making it
easy to understand. This project (Front-end) has been developed using Python
version 3.9.0 and the back=end used in csv file which is sourced from
Kaggle.com/world_university_ranking.csv

Features of the Project

1. Free from technical errors
2. Time saving
3. Data is easily analyzed through various methods-sort(), groupy , mean,
median, mode, etc.
5. Visualized data, e.g., Bar chart, Scatter chart, Histogram, etc,

5
6. User-friendly interface
Python as Front-end
Python is a simple, open source and object-oriented coding language. It is easy to
learn as it is a dynamic type, high-level and interpreted coding language. Python
language supports a cross- platform operating system that is used to build
different applications that create a more convenient environment for the users
Data Visualization and Data Science
Using extracted data and python libraries like Numpy and Pandas, one can study
information that one has and can easily perform several operations. For data
visualization, there are different libraries like Seaborn and Matplotlib and are
used to plot graphs and charts. This one of the Python features that is used by
data scientists.

Conclusion:
Python is one of the simplest programming languages that is used for a variety of
applications.
PYTHON FEATURES
1. Python is compact and very easy to use object-oriented language.
2. Python is an expressive language – fewer lines of code and simpler syntax.
3. It is an interpreted language and not a compiled language.
4. Python can run equally on a variety of platforms like Windows, LINUX/UNIX,
etc.
5. Python language is freely available along with its source code.
6. python has evolved into a powerful, complete and useful language over the
years.
CSV as Back-end
CSV stands for Comma Separated Values. It is a popular way of representing and
storing tabular, common-oriented data in a persistent storage. It is very simple
and contains only text, separated by commas, or a long text with strings and
lines or some other definite character.
CSV Features
1. Human readable and easy to edit manually.
2. Simple to implement and parse.
3. Processed by almost all existing applications.
4. Provides a straightforward information schema.
5. Faster to handle.
6. Smaller in size.
7. Considered to be standard format

6
 Python Modules and Built-in Functions
Modules
1. Pandas: Pandas is a python’s database analysis library that provides data
structures and functions for data manipulation and analysis.
2. Matplotlib: Matplotlib is a Python library that provides many interfaces and
functionality for 2D graphics in various forms.
3. NumPy: NumPy stand for Numerical Python. It is a library consisting of multi-
dimensional array object and collection of routines for processing those arrays.
Pandas Functions
1. read_csv(): This function is used to read data from csv files to form a
dataframe.
2. head(): Head function is used to fetch n number of rows from a Pandas object.
3. tail(): tail function returns the last n rows from a Pandas object.
4. capitalize(): It is a built-in function for string handling and it returns a copy of
the original sting and converts the first character of a sting to a capital letter
while making all other characters in the string lower case letters.
5. append(): The append method adds an item to the end of the list.
6. drop(): drop function is used to drop specified labels from rows and columns.
7. rename(): rename function is used to change name of any row or column
individually.
8. min(): min function finds out the minimum value from a given set of data.
9. max(): max function finds out the maximum value from a given set of data.
10. sort(): sort function arranges values in Pandas object in ascending and
descending order.
11. groupby(): It allows to spit your data into separate groups to perform
computations for better analysis.
12. mean(): mean function returns the mean (average) from set of values for the
requested axis.
13.median(): median function returns the middle number from set pf values for
the requested axis.
14. mode(): mode function returns the mode value (the value that appears most
often) from a set of values.
15. info(): info function is used to print a concise summary of dataframe.
16. input(): the input function presents a prompt to the users, gets input from
the user and returns the in a format interpreted by Python.

Matplotlib Functions
1. scatter(): It is a function used to plot scatter charts in matplotlib for a given set
of data.
2. bar(): It is used plot a bar chart in matplotlib for a given set of data.

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3. hist(): hist function allows s to create and plot histogram from a given
sequence of numbers.
4. xlabel(): It is used to set labels for the X axis.
5. ylabel(): It is used to set label for the Y axis.
6. title(): tile function is used to add a title to your plot.
7. legend(): It is used to add legend to a plot
8. show(): It is used in the end to show a plot as per given specifications. yi-
dimensional array object and collection of routines for processing those arrays.

Pandas Functions
1. read_csv(): This function is used to read data from csv files to form a
dataframe.
2. head(): Head function is used to fetch n number of rows from a Pandas object.
3. tail(): tail function returns the last n rows from a Pandas object.
4. capitalize(): It is a built-in function for string handling and it returns a copy of
the original sting and converts the first character of a sting to a capital letter
while making all other characters in the string lower case letters.
5. append(): The append method adds an item to the end of the list.
6. drop(): drop function is used to drop specified labels from rows and columns.

7. rename(): rename function is used to change name of any row or column

individually.

8. min(): min function finds out the minimum value from a given set of data.

9. max(): max function finds out the maximum value from a given set of data.

10. sort(): sort function arranges values in Pandas object in ascending and
descending order.

11. groupby(): It allows to spit your data into separate groups to perform
computations for better analysis.

12. mean(): mean function returns the mean (average) froma set of values for
the requested axis.

13.median(): median function returns the middle number from set pf values for
the requested axis.

14. mode(): mode function returns the mode value (the value that appears most
often) from a ster of values.

15. info(): info function is used to print a concise summary of dataframe.

8
16. input(): the input function presents a prompt to the users, gets input from
the user and returns the in a format interpreted by Python.

Matplotlib Functions

1. scatter(): It is a function used to plot scatter charts in matplotlib for a given set
of data.

2. bar(): It is used plot a bar chart in matplotlib for a given set of data.

3. hist(): hist function allows s to create and plot histogram from a given
sequence of numbers.

4. xlabel(): It is used to set labels for the X axis.

5. ylabel(): It is used to set label for the Y axis.

6. title(): tile function is used to add a title to your plot.

7. legend(): It is used to add legend to a plot

8. show(): It is used in the end to show a plot as per given specifications.

9
 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

The systems development life cycle is a project management technique that divides
complex projects into smaller, more easily managed segments or phases. Segmenting
projects allows managers to verify the successful completion of project phases before
allocating resources to subsequent phases. Software development projects typically include
initiation, planning, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance
phases. However, the phases may be divided differently depending on the organization
involved. For example, in it project activities might be designated as request,
requirementsdefinition, and planning phases, or initiation, concept-development, and
planning phases. End users of the system under development should be involved in
reviewing the output of each phase to ensure the system is being built to deliver the
needed functionality.

Planning Analysis Design

Implementation

Support Construction, Testing,

Software Configuration

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

I. OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS 7 AND ABOVE

II. PROCESSOR :
PENTIUM (MINIMUM) OR AMD

ATHALON (3800+- 4200+ DUALCORE)

III. MOTHERBOARD :
1.845 OR 915,995 FOR PENTIUM 0R MSI

K9MM-V VIAK8M800+8237R PLUS CHIPSET FOR

AMD ATHALON

IV. RAM : 512MB+

V. Display (VGA) : 1366 x 768 (for better screen alignment)

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

I. Windows OS
II. Python 3.8 +
III. MS-Excel for CSV file

TESTING
Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to
provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product
or service under test, with respect to the context in which it is intended
to operate. Software Testing also provides an objective, independent
view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and
understand the risks at implementation of the software. Test
techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a
program or application with the intent of finding software bugs.
It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying
that a software program/application/product meets the business and
technical requirements that guided its design and development, so that
it works as expected and can be implemented with the same
characteristics. Software Testing, depending on the testing method
employed, can be implemented at any time in the development
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 process, however the most test effort is employed after the
requirements have been defined and coding process has been
completed.

COADING EXECUTION PROCEDURE

Install Python from the web.
Install all required library files for Python
Then run the World University Ranking.py file.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Informatics Practices with Python & MySQL - Class XI & XII By: Preeti Arora

1. Tkinter sample programs from w3resource.com and GeeksforGeeks.com.

2. Website:
a. https://www.w3resource.com, and
b. GeeksforGeeks | A computer science portal for geeks
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)

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