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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 11
NOVEMBER 2018
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
MARKS: 150
TIME: 2½ hours
This question paper consists of 16 pages.
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2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
1. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.
2. Start EACH question on a NEW page.
3. Read ALL the questions correctly and answer only what is asked.
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in
this question paper.
5. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
6. Show ALL your calculations, including units and formula, where applicable.
7. Write neatly and legibly.
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following
questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the
question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example
1.1.11 A.
1.1.1 A catabolic process where carbohydrates are broken down and
energy is released.
A Mineralisation
B Photosynthesis
C Anabolism
D Respiration (2)
1.1.2 The leaf pigment responsible for the orange colour in plants
is/are …
A carotenoids.
B xantophylls.
C carotene.
D chlorophyll. (2)
1.1.3 The splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms
in the presence of light.
A Photophosphorylation
B Respiration
C Photosynthesis
D Photolysis (2)
1.1.4 Characteristics of genetically modified crops.
(i) Increased yield and damage to crop
(ii) Increased yield and better flavour
(iii) Increased yield and improved shell life
(iv) Resistance to pests, and decreased in input cost
Choose the correct combination:
A (i), (iii) and (iv)
B (i), (ii) and (iv)
C (ii), (iii) and (iv)
D (i), (ii) and (iii) (2)
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4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
1.1.5 The deficiency symptom of this element will show an internal cork
in apples and tomatoes:
A Boron
B Iron
C Zinc
D Cobalt (2)
1.1.6 The actual quantity of phosphorus contained in 50 kg of fertiliser
marked 2 : 3 : 2 (21).
A 3 kg
B 4,5 kg
C 9 kg
D 12 kg (2)
1.1.7 Fruit that develops from the ripened ovary and some other parts
of the flower.
A Compound fruit
B Simple fruit
C Accessory fruit
D Multiple fruit (2)
1.1.8 A swollen underground modified stem with nodes and internodes.
A Bulb
B Stolon
C Runner
D Tuber (2)
1.1.9 The following are biological control methods of weeds except …
A systemic herbicides.
B species specific insects.
C other invertebrates.
D natural enemies.
1.1.10 Artificial supplementation of water to areas where rainfall is
insufficient:
A Evaporation
B Irrigation
C Drainage
D Transpiration (2)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5
1.2 Choose a word/term from COLUMN B that best matches a description in
COLUMN A. Write ONLY the letter (A–H) next to the question number
(1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 K.
COLUMN A KOLOM B
1.2.1 Micro-irrigation system A Vermiculite
1.2.2 An example of a bacterial B Re-circulation system
disease in plants
1.2.3 Growing medium in C Geographic information system
hydroponics
1.2.4 Allows water to pass through D Drip system
the system once before it is
discharged
1.2.5 An application that determines E Potato leaf roll
a precise position on the globe
F Geographic positioning system
G An open through flow system
H Leaf blight
I Green house
J Centre pivot
(5 x 2) (10)
1.3 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write ONLY the
term next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.
1.3.1 Male organ of a flower
1.3.2 The practice employed by farmers to ensure maximum exposure to
sunlight for efficient photosynthesis
1.3.3 The organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of leaves
and other plant material by soil micro-organisms
1.3.4 Addition of fertiliser on one or both sides of a row of plants or
underneath seeds
1.3.5 The process to determine suitability of soil for agricultural and non-
agricultural purposes (5 x 2) (10)
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6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
1.4 Change the underlined word(s) in each of the following statements. Write
only the correct word(s) next to the question number (1.4.1–1.4.5) in the
attached ANSWER BOOK.
1.4.1 Most ions reach the leaves of plants from the roots through the
phloem.
1.4.2 A tensiometer is a special flat water-filled container used to measure
the rate of water loss.
1.4.3 Fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks is capillary
water.
1.4.4 Zero tillage is the first tillage of the soil in the new season.
1.4.5 Hydroponics are structures covered with a transparent material which
allows visible light to enter easily. (5 x 1) (5)
TOTAL SECTION A: 45
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7
SECTION B
QUESTION 2: PLANT NUTRITION
Start this question on a NEW page.
2.1 The picture below illustrates the process taking place plant production.
2.1.1 Identify the processes labelled A and B respectively. (2)
2.1.2 Tabulate the difference between the TWO processes with regard
to:
(a) Carbohydrates (2)
(b) Oxygen (2)
2.1.3 Suggest any TWO main pigments involved in the process
labelled B. (2)
2.1.4 Deduce the end products of the process labelled B. (2)
2.1.5 Indicate TWO phases of the process in B. (2)
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8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
2.2 The following are examples of food that are stored in different plant organs.
Ginger, Onions; Sweet potato; Beetroot; Sunflower; Mangos
2.2.1 Match the examples of food above with their storage organs:
(a) Seeds
(b) Root
(c) Stem (3)
2.2.2 Many plants have adaptation features to reduce the rate of
transpiration. Suggest TWO adaptation features of plants to
reduce transpiration. (2)
2.3 Plants need nutrients for normal growth. Below is a chemical
representation of the forms in which elements are available to plant for
absorption in the soil.
A. Mn+-ions and Mo +- ions
B. NO3-ions of PO3 ,K+ ions , Ca++- ions and Mg ++-ions, H2 and O2
2.3.1 Classify ‘A’ and name the two elements respectively. (3)
2.3.2 Identify TWO primary nutrients and TWO secondary nutrients. (4)
2.3.3 Name the TWO non-mineral elements. (2)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9
2.4 Organic fertilisers are made from plant and animal matter and as such they
cannot damage the environment in the way that chemical or synthetic
substances do. The graph below shows the impact of organic fertilisers on
plant growth.
2.4.1 Translate the information on the graph to a table. (4)
2.4.2 Identify from the graph the organic fertiliser that is most effective
for plant growth. Justify the answer. (2)
2.4.3 Suggest ONE factor to consider when using farm manure. (1)
2.4.4 Mention TWO methods of fertiliser application. (2)
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10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION
Start this question on a NEW page.
3.1 The diagram below represents a flower. Answer the questions based on
it.
3.1.1 Identify the number of the part on the diagram where pollen
grains are produced. (1)
3.1.2 Indicate whether the structure above represents a unisexual or a
bisexual flower. Motivate your answer. (2)
3.1.3 Write down the number of the structure responsible for the
attraction of insects for pollination. (1)
3.1.4 (a) Two male nuclei are produced in the germinating pollen
grain. Name these two male nuclei. (2)
(b) Explain ONE function performed by each of these two
nuclei. (2)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 11
3.2 Certain small scale farmers investigated the possibilities of starting their
own nurseries. They wanted to know more about the various asexual
reproductive methods that can be applied to propagate different crops.
The diagrams below show reproduction methods labelled A–D.
A B
C D
3.2.1 Match the diagrams above with the following statements:
(a) A thickened underground stem that grows more or less
parallel with the surface of the soil (1)
(b) An artificial method of vegetative propagation (1)
(c) Short, thick round underground stems that store food (1)
(d) Underground stems covered by fleshy scale leaves that store
food (1)
3.2.2 Suggest TWO disadvantages of the vegetative reproduction
methods in QUESTION 3.2.1. (2)
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12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
3.2.3 Give the name of the parts that are joined together in asexual
reproduction method B. (2)
3.2.4 Mutation can be induced artificially by using agents such as
radiation and certain chemicals. Suggest TWO advantages of gene
mutation. (2)
3.3 The table below shows the production of crops on a farm where equal
amounts of conventional and GM seeds were planted.
Crop Hectares GM Production/ha Conventional
planted (tons) Production /ha
(tons)
White maize 50 4 2
Yellow maize 60 5 3
Soya bean 20 2 0,5
3.3.1 Deduce the impact of GM seeds over conventional seeds from
the table. (1)
3.3.2 Calculate the total yield of yellow maize in kilograms for GM
crops. (3)
3.3.3 Name TWO public concerns about the use of GM crops. (2)
3.4 Many weeds have developed adaptations that help them to grow in difficult
conditions where other plants struggle to survive. These adaptations allow
weeds to grow commonly and more easily than crop plants.
3.4.1 Suggest THREE adaptations of weeds. (3)
3.4.2 Explain the concept Integrated Pest Management. (2)
3.4.3 Deduce TWO reasons why IPM is regarded as a preferred method
of weed control. (2)
3.5 Complete the following table on plant diseases by only writing down the
number (3.5.1–3.5.4) and the missing answer.
Diseases Symptom Mode of Host
transmission
Bacterial
Plants wilt and die Water and soil 3.5.1
wilt
Tobacco-
Chlorosis/mosaics 3.5.2 Potatoes
ring spot
Fungus-like growth
3.5.3 Wind 3.5.4
on leaves (4)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 13
QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION
Start this question on a NEW page.
4.1 Different factors are taken into account when a soil survey is done.
4.1.1 Deduce TWO main characteristics to consider in a soil survey. (2)
4.1.2 Precision farming describes a modern method of crop farming.
Indicate TWO main aims of this concept. (2)
4.2 In drier parts of South Africa farmers generally use some form of irrigation
to supplement rainfall so that they can grow crops. Using irrigation to
supplement rainfall allows farmers to grow crops with a high water
requirement that they would not normally be able to grow during the dry
season. Before water is used for irrigation it is important to establish its
quality.
[From http://www.daff.gov.za/doaDev/.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2018.
4.2.1 Mention TWO main sources of water used for irrigation. (2)
4.2.2 Explain TWO factors that have an influence on water quality. (2)
4.2.3 Centre pivot irrigation is a more sophisticated way to deliver
overhead irrigation and is greatly favoured by most farmers.
Indicate TWO disadvantages of this system. (2)
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14 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
4.3 The diagrams below indicate the different layout that can be used when
installing pipe drains.
4.3.1 Identify the THREE different layout areas. (3)
4.3.2 Suggest THREE types of topography or terrains that each of the
systems chosen in QUESTION 4.3.2 would be most used for. (3)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 15
4.4 The following structure is used in intensive crop production enterprises.
Some plants are grown in soil while some are grown in a medium other than
the soil.
4.4.1 Identify this structure. (1)
4.4.2 Name TWO advantages of using the above structure. (2)
4.4.3 Suggest TWO growth mediums of plants other than the soil. (2)
4.5 Farmers who practice conservation tillage are trying to farm in a sustainable
way.
4.5.1 Indicate TWO types of conservation practices. (2)
4.5.2 Tabulate the difference between monoculture and crop rotation with
regard to the following:
(a) Soil erosion (2)
(b) Implements used (2)
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16 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
4.5.3 Provide the names of the implements labelled A–C.
A B
C (3)
4.5.4 Identify the implement that is used for primary cultivation. (1)
4.6 In South Africa both freshwater and marine species are farmed in
aquaculture systems and many exotic species are used.
4.6.1 Deduce the reason of farming exotic species in South Africa. (2)
4.6.2 Mention TWO basic requirements for aquaculture to achieve higher
yields. (2)
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TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL: 150
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