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Dissertation and Thesis

FORMAT GUIDELINES
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. REMINDER ...................................................................................................................... 1

Approval for Research Involving Human or Animal Subjects ............................................... 1

II. GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 1

Graduate School Requirements ....................................................................................... 1

Publication ....................................................................................................................... 2

Copyright ......................................................................................................................... 2

Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 2

III. MANUSCRIPT FORMAT ................................................................................................ 3

Margins ............................................................................................................................ 3

Spacing............................................................................................................................ 3

Pagination........................................................................................................................ 3

Order of Parts .................................................................................................................. 4

Title Page ........................................................................................................................ 4

Dedication, Acknowledgments, Preface or Foreword ....................................................... 4

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 4

List of Tables, Figures, or Illustrations.............................................................................. 5

Inclusion of Publications in the Dissertation ..................................................................... 5

IV. DEPARTMENTAL STYLE PREFERENCES .................................................................. 6

V. FORMAT CHECKLIST .................................................................................................... 8

VI. HOW TO: SECTION BREAKS AND PAGINATION ........................................................ 9

VII. SAMPLE PAGES ........................................................................................................ 14

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 1

I. REMINDER
Approval for Research Involving Human or Animal Subjects

The following has been taken from the informational brochure of the Human and Animal
Investigation Committee of Wayne State University.

Federal regulations require that all research involving human or animal subjects must be
reviewed and approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). For Wayne State Faculty and/or
students working in University facilities and DRH-UHC, the Human Investigation Committee
(HIC) and the Animal Investigation Committee (AIC) are the approved IRB’s. Because
Children's Hospital of Michigan and Henry Ford Hospital have independent IRB's, faculty and/or
students working in those facilities must submit research proposals to the committee at the
appropriate institution for review and approval, prior to approval of the dissertation outline and
prospectus.

II. GENERAL INFORMATION

Graduate School Requirements

The Graduate School is responsible for monitoring requirements necessary for the processing
of theses and dissertations. Theses and dissertations written in past years and now in the library
were not necessarily prepared according to these specifications and should not be used as
standards for manuscript preparation. If you have any questions, please call the The Graduate
School at (313) 577-2170.

The style to be followed for footnotes, bibliographies, tables, chapter headings, etc. is the
responsibility of the student's major department. It is the thesis/dissertation advisor's
responsibility to see that the manuscripts are edited for spelling, grammar, organization, stylistic
consistency, correct sequence of pages, and agreement between the table of contents and the
contents of the manuscript. A list of departmental style preferences is listed on pages 6 and 7.

The specifications of Wayne State University for thesis/dissertation preparation in this

guidebook are primary requirements and take precedence over all styles and other guidelines
for margins, spacing, pagination, order of parts, etc.
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Publication

Prior to the conferral of the degree, candidates may find it desirable or expedient to publish
certain findings, which later will be incorporated in the thesis or dissertation. In this case,
appropriate acknowledgment of the earlier publication must be included in the manuscript.
Students are required to have the dissertation/thesis published so that the manuscripts are
available to the entire academic community.

Copyright

A candidate may initiate an application for copyright by 1) signing the relevant section of the
Publishing Agreement Form, 2) paying the required fee, and 3) including a copyright notice as
the first of the preliminary pages of the manuscript. This page is not numbered or included in
the numbering sequence and it should be centered vertically on the page.

If previously copyrighted material is included in the dissertation, the student is required to obtain
written permission from the author or the publisher and attach the written permission to the
Publishing Agreement Form.

Abstract

The abstract is a succinct account of the thesis or dissertation containing a statement of the
problem, procedure or method, and conclusion. The following is an excerpt on Abstract
Guidelines taken from the ProQuest website:

“We no longer have a word limit on your abstract…However, we continue to

publish print indices that include citations and abstracts of all dissertations and
theses published by ProQuest/UMI. These print indices require word limits of
350 words for doctoral dissertations and 150 words for master’s theses.
Additionally, our print indices allow only text to be included in the abstract. In
the editorial process for these print publications, we will simply truncate your
abstract if it exceeds these word limits and remove any non-text content. You
may wish to limit the length of your abstract if this concerns you. The abstract
as you submit it will NOT be altered in your published manuscript.”
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III. MANUSCRIPT FORMAT

• All text should be double-spaced and justified. Long quotations and footnotes should be
single-spaced (if they are 4 lines [or according to your specific format: MLA, APA, etc.] or
more in length).

Margins

The following margins are designed to facilitate ProQuest requirements for the required
publishing and optional binding: 1 to 1 ¼ for all margins (top, bottom, left and right). The bottom
margin may be wider if illustrations or tables bigger than half the page cannot be placed with the
text and have to be placed on a separate page, or if section headings would otherwise be left
standing alone (section headings should remain with the paragraph to which they refer). The
text must also be justified.

Spacing

All preliminary pages, the body of text, and the references should be double spaced. The text
should be justified, indent to show new paragraphs. Quotations 4 lines (or according to your
specific format: MLA, APA, etc) or less should be double-spaced; quotations exceeding four
lines should be single-spaced. Captions/legends for tables and figures should be single-
spaced.

Pagination

Preliminary pages: Copyright page (if included) is not numbered. The dedication,
acknowledgments, preface, table of contents, and lists of tables and/or figures are numbered
consecutively in lower case Roman numerals at the bottom center of each page, starting with
"ii".

Text: Use Arabic numbers beginning with "1" on the first page of the text and continuing
throughout the manuscript, including the appendices, reference material, abstract, and
autobiographical statement. The page numbers should be on the top center of the page
throughout the text, and they should be within the top margin, approximately ½ inch to ¾ inch
form the top edge of the paper. (The text should be no more than 1 ¼ inches from the edge of
the paper and the page numbers should be within the margin.)
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Order of Parts

The thesis or dissertation manuscript falls into three main parts of division: the preliminary
pages, the text, and the reference materials. Parts of some of these sections are optional, but
the order, regardless of what parts may be left out, is as follows:

• Title page
• Copyright page (optional)
• Dedication, Acknowledgments, Preface or Foreword (if appropriate)
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables (if appropriate)
• List of Figures, Maps, Charts, Diagrams, and Schemes (if appropriate)
• Text, including the introduction and all chapters
• Appendix (if appropriate)
• Bibliography or References (required)
• Abstract (required)
• Autobiographical Statement (required)

Please view the sample pages at the end of this document.

Title Page

Title of the manuscript must be all in capital letters and single-spaced. The author's name, also
all in capital letters, must be identical on the Title Page, Copyright Page (if applicable), and the
Abstract. The area of specialization may be shown in parentheses following the major (in mixed
case) where such breakdowns exist:

e.g. MAJOR: PSYCHOLOGY (Clinical)

Dedication, Acknowledgments, Preface or Foreword

These sections are optional and, if included, should appear on separate pages in the order
shown. The dedication, as the name suggests, is a personal dedication of one's work. The
acknowledgments are brief notes of appreciation for assistance given to the candidate in the
research and preparation of the thesis or dissertation. A preface or foreword may contain the
author's statement of the purpose of the study or special notes to the reader.

Table of Contents

Each thesis or dissertation must have a table of contents which shows the principal divisions of
the work and the page numbers on which they are found. List all of the preliminary pages
included except for the title, copyright, and table of contents pages. In cases where there are
two or more appendices, list each appendix and its content. The table of contents must also list
reference, abstract, and autobiographical statement pages and the page numbers on which they
are found at the 1 - 1 ¼ inch right margin.
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List of Tables, Figures, or Illustrations

When tables, figures, or charts have been placed in the body of the manuscript (not in the
appendix), separate lists must be included and should follow the table of contents page in the
order indicated. Each entry on the list should carry the same caption or title as is shown on the
corresponding figure in the text and show the pages on which they may be found at the 1 - 1 ¼
inch right margin.

Inclusion of Publications in the Dissertation

In those instances when doctoral students have published work in discipline appropriate
refereed journals and when the student's doctoral committee approves, these published
materials may be incorporated into the dissertation. For papers included in the dissertation, the
Ph.D. candidate must be the principal author or have made the major contribution to the
published work. In cases of co-authored papers, the text of the dissertation, most likely in the
summary and conclusions, must make clear to the reader the original contributions of the
author. In addition, when a paper is co-authored by those in addition to the Ph.D. candidate and
the advisor, we recommend that approval be given by the other authors for inclusion of the
published materials.

Students must reformat a published article for incorporation within the body of the dissertation.
In all instances the remaining sections of the dissertation (e.g., abstract, introduction, and
conclusion) should conform to the structure of the format requirements outlined earlier.
Additionally, these sections should reference the published materials when appropriate but may
be less detailed than those dissertations that do not incorporate published materials. Students
should be advised that incorporation of material published elsewhere require copyright
permission from the copyright holder.
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IV. DEPARTMENTAL STYLE PREFERENCES

College of Education Turabian and American Psychological Association

College of Engineering
Biomedical Journal of Biomechanics
Chemical & Materials Sci. No specific style preference
Civil & Environmental American Society of Civil Engineers
Computer Science Journal of the Association of Computing Machinery
Electrical & Computer I.E.E.E. Style Manual
Industrial No specific style preference
Mechanical American Society of Mechanical Engineers

College of Fine, Performing, & Comm. Arts

Art and Art History No specific style preference

Communication American Psychological Association and Modern
Language Association
Theatre Modern Language Association Handbook

College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Audiology and Speech
Language Pathology American Psychological Association
Anthropology American Anthropological Association
Biological Sciences Journal style of specific field
Chemistry Handbook for Authors, American Chemical Society, 1978
Classical and Modern
Languages, Literatures
And Cultures Modern Language Association Handbook
Economics Journal of Macroeconomics
English Modern Language Association Handbook
Geography & Urban
Planning Turabian, with modifications; other format with Graduate
Committee approval; consult dept. for graphic and
cartographic design
Geology Geological Society of America Bulletin
History Chicago Manual of Style
Humanities Modern Language Association Handbook
Mathematics American Mathematical Society Manual
MISP Modern Language Association Handbook
Nutrition & Food Science Journal of Nutrition and Journal of Food Science
Physics American Institute of Physics Manual
Philosophy Turabian
Political Science Turabian, with modifications
Psychology American Psychological Association
Sociology American Sociological Association
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School of Medicine
Anatomy & Cell Biology Journal of Cell Biology; Journal of Neuroscience; or
Graduate Committee approval
Biochemistry & Molecular
Biology Journal of Biochemistry and departmental guide
Cellular & Clinical Journal of Neuroscience
Neurobiology
Community Medicine Turabian
Immunology & Microbiology Journal of Virology, Journal of Bacteriology
Medical Physics (Ph.D.) American Institute of Physics Style Manual
Pathology Turabian
Pharmacology Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics
Physiology Departmental guide
Psychiatry American Psychological Association
Radiological Physics (M.S.) American Institute of Physics Style Manual

College of Nursing American Psychological Association

College of Pharmacy and Allied Health

Pharmaceutical Sciences Turabian, with Journal modifications

School of Social Work American Psychological Association

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V. FORMAT CHECKLIST

The following is the checklist that that Administrator uses to check each Dissertation and Thesis
format. This checklist is not exhaustive, but represents the majority of formatting problems that
student’s overlook before submitting the manuscript for a format check. Please go through
each and read thoroughly checking your manuscript as you go. Thank you!

The format of your dissertation/thesis is NOT APPROVED for the following reasons:
TITLE PAGE
Title single-spaced, bold and in CAPS
Candidate’s name bold and in CAPS
Line up “MAJOR,” “Approved by,” and “Advisor” under the first number of the year (which should be
centered under the degree)
Double-spaced evenly throughout (except for title)
PRELIMINARY PAGES
Dedication, Acknowledgements and Preface come before the Table of Contents
List of Tables and List of Figures come after the Table of Contents (tables and figures should have titles)
Table of Contents should be evenly double-spaced
PAGE NUMBERING
Copyright page should not be numbered
Preliminary Pages: lowercase, roman numerals at bottom center within the margin (starting with “ii”)
Main body of text: top center within the margin (starting with “1”)
MARGINS
Must be 1” to 1.25”
Must be justified (straight edges on both left and right sides)
First sentence of each paragraph should be indented, with no extra space between paragraphs
No landscape pages – please rotate tables/figures to fit on portrait page and keep page number at top as
usual.
REFERENCES
Must be evenly double-spaced throughout (no additional spaces between references; hanging indentations
or numbers should distinguish references)
Appendices should come BEFORE references
ABSTRACT
Title must be exactly the same as on Title Page (single-spaced, bold, in CAPS)
Name in CAPS and identical to name on Title Page
Date should be month and year of graduation (May, August or December) and mixed caps (no comma)
Left Align Advisor, Major, Degree
First line of paragraph should be indented
Double-spaced evenly throughout
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT
Must include and must be only one page (any format of your choosing)
SPACING
Evenly double-spaced throughout, except long quotations and footnotes, which should be single-spaced
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VI. HOW TO: SECTION BREAKS AND PAGINATION

Section Breaks vs. Page Breaks

Section breaks are used when a page in your manuscript requires different margin settings or
other, unique formatting. Page breaks are used only to separate information (i.e. you can add
information to Chapter 1 without the Chapter 2 heading being pushed down the page). There is
only a need to use one of these at a time, not both together. Using both results in the insertion
of a blank page between sections.

To see if you’ve used either a section break or a page break or both, select the following button:

Once you are able to see the breaks, you may delete/adjust accordingly. Generally, you should
place the breaks after the last sentence in your section as opposed to at the bottom of the page.
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When your breaks are placed appropriately, you are ready to tackle pagination!

First, format the page numbers to begin with “ii”

Second, double click at the bottom of the page where the footer would go. When your curser is
in the footer, click on:
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Third, insert page numbering:

Now that your preliminary section has the roman numerals at bottom center, we can move on to
the main body of the text, starting with arabic numbers (1,2,3, etc.) at top center.

Above Chapter 1 heading, double click until the header information shows up. You will have to
first, “unclick” “Link to Previous” so that the page numbers do not continue the same formatting
throughout the entire manuscript:
 12

Now you are ready to repeat the same process for formatting page numbers.

Next, format the page numbers for the Arabic numbers.

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Lastly, insert page numbers:

PLEASE NOTE: The title page and copyright pages should not be numbered so insert section
break without linking to previous to avoid adding page numbers to these pages.

To center the copyright information on the page, do the following:

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VII. SAMPLE PAGES

The following pages are samples of what your manuscript should look like when you follow the
formatting instructions and below is a quick look at the sections and pagination appropriate for
each.

PAGINATION PART (those in bold are required)

Title page
none
Copyright page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Preface
starting with “ii”
Table of Contents
at bottom center
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Schemes (maps, charts, diagrams, terms, etc.)
Text (including introduction and all chapters)
Appendix
starting with “1”
References
at top center
Abstract
Autobiographical Statement
 THE TITLE OF YOUR MANUSCRIPT GOES HERE, IF IT IS MORE THAN ONE LINE
LONG THEN IT SHOULD BE SINGLE-SPACED, MUST BE BOLD AND IN CAPS

by
Or, if Masters student:
YOUR NAME
THESIS
DISSERTATION

Submitted to the Graduate School

of Wayne State University, Or,

MASTER OF SCIENCE
Detroit, Michigan MASTER OF ARTS
DOCTOR OF EDUCATION
in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

YEAR
Masters students: only
include top line for your MAJOR: SUBJECT (area, if official)
advisor (no other
signatures are necessary). Approved By:

Advisor Date
© COPYRIGHT BY

YOUR NAME

YEAR

All Rights Reserved

 DEDICATION

You may format your dedication

however you like, but the heading, “Dedication” should be
at the top exactly as seen on this page.
Font does not have to be Arial. The Acknowledgments and Preface pages
Should be formatted normally – double spaced evenly,
Justified with first sentence of each paragraph indented, with title at top center
(like this page).

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

You may format your Acknowledgments

however you like, but the heading, “Acknowledgments” should be
at the top exactly as seen on this page.
Font does not have to be Arial. The Acknowledgments and Preface pages
Should be formatted normally – double spaced evenly,
Justified with first sentence of each paragraph indented, with title at top center
(like this page).

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dedication ii

Acknowledgments iii

Preface iv

List of Tables vi

List of Figures vii

Chapter 1 “Title” 1

Sub-heading 4

Sub-heading 6

Chapter 2 “Title” 39

Appendix A 93

References 120

Abstract 134

Autobiographical Statement 137

Each thesis or dissertation must have a table of contents which shows the principal divisions of
the work and the page numbers on which they are found. List all of the preliminary pages
included except for the title, copyright, and table of contents pages. In cases where there are
two or more appendices, list each appendix and its content. The table of contents must also list
reference, abstract, and autobiographical statement pages and the page numbers on which they
are found at the 1 - 1 ¼ inch right margin.

You may put headings in bold and/or italics as you see fit. The Table of Contents must be
EVENLY DOUBLE-SPACED with information reaching to both margins, as seen above.

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: The title of this could be extremely long and descriptive and would not leave
room for the leader lines, but this way, you still have room……………………36

Table 2: Second title of next table……………………………………………………………48

The List of Tables and the List of Figures, Abbreviations, etc. must follow the same style
as the Table of Contents (and each begins on a new page). All tables and figures must
have titles listed. If titles are longer than one line, they may be single-spaced, as seen
above.

v
 1

CHAPTER 1 “TITLE” (You do not have to use quotes)

Introduction (or sub-heading if appropriate)

The only requirements for this section are that the text has to be justified (straight

edges both right and left sides) and it must be evenly double-spaced throughout.

Chapter headings may start on a new page, but text must start right after the heading

(i.e. Chapter headings do not get their own page).

There is also no additional space between paragraphs. Tables and Figures may

be formatted however you and your Advisor see fit – information in Tables and Figures

may be single-spaced, etc. However, landscape pages are not allowed in the

manuscript. You may have a landscape style table or figure but it must be rotated to fit

on a portrait style page.

Lastly, notice that the page numbers have changed – they start at ‘1’ at top

center.
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APPENDIX

If you have more than one appendix, you may use “Appendix A, B, C, etc.” Just

as Chapter headings do not get their own page, Appendix, References, etc. do not

either. Information begins right after title. Here you may include any forms (HIC, AIC,

etc.) permissions, surveys, etc. all formatted however you and your Advisor see fit.
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REFERENCES

Last name, First name, Title, etc. you may format your references and/or bibliography in

whichever way is appropriate as long as the information is evenly double-

spaced.

Some departments use numbering to differentiate between references. This is fine as

well, however hanging indentations are most common. Again, there should be

no additional space between references.

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ABSTRACT

THE TITLE OF YOUR MANUSCRIPT GOES HERE, IF IT IS MORE THAN ONE LINE
LONG THEN IT SHOULD BE SINGLE-SPACED, MUST BE BOLD AND IN CAPS

by

YOUR NAME

Month of Graduation YEAR

Advisor: Dr. Full Name

Or,
Major: Major (area, if official)
Master of Science
Master of Arts
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Education

Please note that there are no additional spaces between information – all is

evenly double-spaced. Please also note what is bold and in caps and what is not. The

month of graduation is the term in which you will be graduating (May, August or

December), not the month during which you defended your dissertation. There should

not be a comma between the month and the year on the Abstract (e.g. May 2009).

This section must be justified and evenly double-spaced, like the body of text

throughout the chapters. There is no length limit.

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AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT

This section may be formatted however you see fit (save for the title at the top), but may

only be one page. This is the last page of the dissertation.