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Legal Implications on Online

Intermediaries: Analysis of Mr. P.N. Vignesh
v. The Chairman and Members of the Bar
Council
By Guest July 23, 2024

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Table of Contents

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 1. Introduction
2. Background of the Case
2.1. Factual Background
2.2. Legal issues
2.3. Legal Provisions Involved
2.4. Arguments Presented
3. The Madras High Court Ruling
4. Critical Analysis Of Judgment
5. Conclusion

Introduction
In P.N. Vignesh v. Chairman and Members of the Bar Council, the Madras High Court heard arguments about
the alleged infractions of Bar Council of India (BCI) norms by internet intermediaries.A Madras High Court
decision states that advertising platforms Quikr.in, Sulekha.com, and Justdial.com are not protected by the
safe harbour provisions of the IT Rules, 2021 and are instead responsible for allowing the promotion of online
legal services on their platforms. The July 3 order declared that the websites had violated the law, which
forbids advertising online legal services in accordance with the Bar Council of India Rules and amounts to
misconduct under Section 35 of the Advocates’ Act. As a result, the websites’ safe harbour under Section 79 of
the Information Technology Act was forfeited..The Indian legal system has been significantly impacted by a
judgment clarifying the responsibilities of online intermediaries in upholding the Bar Council of India’s rules,
thereby ensuring transparency and adherence to legal guidelines in the digital age, thus fostering trust in the
legal system.The judgment cautions legal practitioners using online platforms for advertising or soliciting
clients, emphasizing the need for professional conduct and adherence to regulations in the digital sphere.

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Background of the Case

Factual Background
The petitioner,Mr P.N Vignesh accuses online service providers of professional misconduct.

Online lawyer services are prohibited under the Bar Council of India Rules and constitute misconduct
under Section 35 of the Advocates’ Act.

Respondents : Quikr.in, Sulekha.com, and Justdial.com are accused of providing online lawyer services on
their platforms, where advocates openly solicit legal work.

The branding, advertising, self-promotion, and sale of legal services by solicitors on different websites,
which contradicts the honour and integrity of legal profession, is a matter of concern to court. The court
emphasises how these actions deceive the public and compromise the morals and values of the legal
profession.

Legal issues
Whether the provision of online lawyer services by the respondents constitutes professional misconduct?

Whether the actions of the online service providers violate the Bar Council of India Rules and the
Advocates Act?

Whether the online intermediaries can seek protection under Section 79 of the Information Technology
Act?

Whether the Bar Council of India has the authority to take action against online service providers for
facilitating the publication of advertisements by lawyers?

Legal Provisions Involved

The Advocates Act, 1961, which regulates the legal profession in India and creates the Bar Council of India, is
one of the statutes and legal provisions that is relevant in this dispute involving Mr. P.N. Vignesh and the Bar
Council.The order, dated July 3, stated that the websites’ safe harbour under Section 79 of the Information 
Technology Act was entrusted because they had violated the law, which prohibits advertising online lawyer
services under the Bar Council of India Rules and amounts to misconduct under Section 35 of the Advocates’
Act.Directly or indirectly advertising or soliciting work for attorneys is prohibited by Bar Council of India
Rules 36 and 37. Only information allowed by the Bar Council of India may be “furnished on their website” by
advocates.

Arguments Presented

Petitioners Arguments
In the case of Mr. P.N. Vignesh v. The Chairman and Members of the Bar Council, the petitioner argued that
online service providers such as quikr.in, sulekha.com, and justdial.com were facilitating the unlawful
solicitation of legal work by lawyers, which is prohibited under the Bar Council of India Rules. The petitioner
contended that these websites were not only providing directory services but also selling legal services of
lawyers for a fixed price, which is against the rules. The petitioner cited Rule 36 of the Bar Council of India
Rules, which specifically prohibits touting and soliciting legal work.

The petitioner also emphasized that the legal profession is not a business but a service to society, and that the
payment of fees to lawyers is out of respect for their time and knowledge. The petitioner argued that providing
ranking or customer ratings to lawyers demeans the profession and is against dignity and integrity. The
petitioner requested the court to direct the Bar Council of India to take appropriate action against these online
service providers and to initiate disciplinary proceedings against lawyers who engage in such activities.

Respondent’s Argument: The respondents, including Justdial.com, argued that they were merely providing
permissible online directory services and not engaging in solicitation or touting, as prohibited under Rule 36
of the Bar Council of India Rules. They cited precedents distinguishing directory services from active
solicitation and emphasized that these platforms help improve access to legal services without directly
violating rules. They also claimed protection under Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, which 
grants safe harbor to intermediaries without knowledge of unlawful activity. They argued that disciplinary
action should target individual lawyers, not the platforms.

The Madras High Court Ruling

The Madras High Court ruled that the legal profession should not be profit-driven but serve society. It directed
the Bar Council of India (BCI) to take disciplinary action against advocates advertising their services and to
remove such advertisements from online platforms. The court also instructed online service providers to
comply with BCI rules by removing violating content within four weeks.

Legal Reasoning :

The Madras High Court, in the case of Mr. P.N. Vignesh v. The Chairman and Members of the Bar Council,
ruled against lawyers soliciting work through online websites, violating Bar Council of India Rules. Key points
include:

1.The legal profession is a service to society, not driven by profit.

2. Advertising through online platforms undermines the profession’s integrity and nobility.

3. Online ads and ratings can mislead the public and erode faith in the judicial process.The court directed the
Bar Council of India to take disciplinary action against such lawyers.

Critical Analysis Of Judgment

1. Strengths The Ruling:

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The Madras High Court, in the case of Mr. P.N. Vignesh v. The Chairman and Members of the Bar Council,
ruled against lawyers advertising and soliciting work through online services. The judgment emphasized the
ethical nature of the legal profession, aimed to prevent unethical practices, and directed the Bar Council of
India to initiate disciplinary actions against violators. Additionally, it ordered online service providers like
Quikr, Sulekha, and JustDial to remove violating content within four weeks. This ruling reinforces fairness,
equality, and ethics in the legal profession, maintaining its dignity and integrity.

2.Potential weaknesses Or Controveries:

The judgment in P.N. Vignesh v. Bar Council has potential weaknesses and controversies. It faces ambiguity
in defining “direct or indirect” advertising, potential overreach in restraining online platforms, and concerns
over limiting access to legal services. Critics highlight a lack of nuance in regulating online presence and
possible conflicts with constitutional rights. Additionally, enforcing the court’s directives may be challenging
for the Bar Council of India, which needs clear guidelines and consistent enforcement to balance ethical
conduct with access to legal services and free speech rights.

Conclusion
The Madras High Court’s judgment in P.N. Vignesh v. Bar Council of India aimed to uphold the ethics of the
legal profession by cracking down on lawyers advertising and soliciting work online. Key points include
emphasizing professional ethics, preventing unethical practices, restraining online service providers, and
maintaining the rule of law. However, the judgment faces potential weaknesses, such as ambiguous
definitions, possible overreach in restraining online platforms, limiting access to legal services, lack of
nuance in regulating online presence, and potential conflicts with constitutional rights. Its effectiveness will
rely on the Bar Council of India’s ability to provide clear guidelines and consistent enforcement.

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 This article is authored by Mr. Arman Shaikh, student at AKK New Law Academy, Pune.

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