EET216C

ELECTROTECHNOLOGY III

UNIT 5

Instructor: JE Conduah
2020
2

Buy the prescribed text book for this semester:

Electrical Technology - 5th EDITION by

SJ van Zyl

Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CIAl84z-
Ac&list=PLgzsL8klq6DJv0G1l7ji4OI8BTXgEADfP&
index=3
Learning Unit 5.1: Per Unit Systems
3

Learning Area Outcome

 To understand the reason for interconnecting
 Control of active and reactive power using tap-
changing transformer, synchronous modifier,
values sending end voltage, automatic load
dispatching and power transfer.
 Power computation in interconnector.
5.1 Review on Electrical Energy System
4
5.1 Per-Unit Systems
5

Introduction
▪ Answers to electrical engineering problem are often required in terms of
Volts, Amperes, Ohms and KVA.
▪ In other processes of computation, it is more convenient to express the
Voltages, currents, impedances and power in terms of percentage (%) or
per-unit.
▪ This is achievable by selecting a base or reference value for each of
these quantities.
▪ Therefore, the per-unit value of any quantity is defined as the ratio of the
quantity to its base value expressed as a decimal.
actual value
Per unit value =
base value

▪ Some systems can be very complex with large number of components.

▪ So, representing them in per-unit may simplify the analysis of large power
system circuits.
5.1 Per-Unit Systems
6
Per-unit Quantities
▪ The per-unit system is similar to the percentage system except that all
quantities are expressed as decimal fraction instead of percentages.
▪ It is important for an Engineering to be familiar with the per-unit quantities as
the have wide industrial applications and acceptance.
actual value So, actual value = per-unit value x base value
Per-unit value =
base value

▪ The actual value is the actual value of the voltage, current, power or
impedance as it appears in the power system (in volts, Amps, Watts, Ohms) .
▪ The new base value is determined and is usually the value that leads to
confusion in the early state of per-unit application.
▪ To prevent this confusion, it will help to remember the following rules:
▪ The value of Snb is the same for the entire system concerned once it is chosen.
▪ The ratio of the voltage bases on either side of a selected transformer, to the same
as the ratio of the transformer voltage ratings.
▪ The value of Vnb is a chosen value, but will vary from one zone to another zone.
5.1 Per-Unit Systems
7

Advantages of Per-unit systems

▪ Device parameters tend to fall in a relative narrow range, making
inaccurate values prominently.
▪ The method is defined so as to eliminate ideal transformers as circuit
components. Since the system might consists of hundreds of
transformers, this is an small saving.
▪ Related to this advantage, the voltage throughout the power system is
normally close to unity (one).
▪ Both the percentage and per-unit methods of calculation are simpler than
the use of actual volts, amperes and ohms.
Disadvantages of Per-unit systems
▪ The system modifies component equivalent circuits, making them
somewhat more abstract since the phase angle vanish in per-unit circuit.
▪ Some quantities that hold in the un-scaled are modified when scaled into
per unit. Hence, factors such as √3 or 3 are removed or added by method.
5.1 Per-Unit Systems
8

Per-unit system formulation

▪ In the per-unit system, the voltages, currents, powers and impedances
are not measured in their actual SI units.
▪ Instead, each electrical quantity is measured and expressed as a decimal
fraction of some base level. It is usual to take the rated (or nameplate)
values as base.
▪ For example, the per-unit voltage is the ratio of the actual voltage with
respect to the chosen base voltage.
Vactual That is V
VPU = VPU = gb
Vbase Vnb
Where Vgb is the given base (i.e. actual base) and Vnb is the new base (i.e.
the chosen base quantity).
▪ Similarly current and impedances can be expressed as follows:
I Z
IPU = gb ZPU = gb
Inb Znb
5.1 Per-Unit Systems
9

Per-unit system formulation

Zgb
▪ Remember that the per-unit impedance is expressed as PU Z
Z =
nb

▪ Additionally, the per-unit impedances can also be expressed as the ratio

of the voltage drop across the impedance when it is carrying the rated
current of the section of the circuit in which it is connected, and the rated
voltage of that section of the circuit. Therefore it is expressed follows:
Zactual.Irated
ZPU =
Vrated

Where: Zactual is in ohms (Ω), Irated is in amps (A) and Vrated is in volts (V).
5. 1 Power System Representation
10

1. Draw a Single Line Diagram for the power system (Generators, Motors, Transformers & Lines).

Power Component Symbol Power Component Symbol

Circuit
= Generator =
breaker
Transmission
= Transformer =
line

M = Motor = Feeder + load

= Busbar (substation)

•Common power symbols used in single line diagrams

5.1 Per-Unit Method: Example 1 Solution
11

An electrical lamp is rated 120 volts, 500 watts. Compute the per-unit
and percent impedance of the lamp. Give the p.u. equivalent circuit.

Solution:
(1) Compute lamp resistance
V2 V2 (120) 2
P= R= = = 28.8
R P 500

power factor = 1.0 Z = 28.80

(2) Select base quantities

S b = 500VA
Vb = 120V

(3) Compute base impedance

Vb2 (120) 2
Zb = = = 28.8
Sb 500
:
5.1 Per-Unit Method: Example 1 Solution

12

(4) The per-unit impedance is:

Z 28.80
Z p.u . = = = 10 p.u.
Zb 28.8

(5) Percent impedance:

Z % = 100%

(6) Per-unit equivalent circuit:

VS = 10 p.u. Z = 10 p.u.

5.1 Per-Unit Method: Example 2 Solution

13

An electrical lamp is rated 120 volts, 500 watts. If the voltage applied
across the lamp is twice the rated value, compute the current that flows
through the lamp. Use the per-unit method.

Solution:
Vb = 120V
V 240
V p.u. = = = 20 p.u.
Vb 120
Z p.u. = 10 p.u.
The per-unit equivalent circuit is as follows:

VS = 20 p.u. Z = 10 p.u.

5.1 Per-Unit Method: Example 2 Solution
14

V p.u . 20
I p.u . = = = 20 p.u.
Z p.u . 10

Sb 500
Ib = = = 4.167A
Vb 120

I actual = I p.u. I b = 20  4.167 = 8.3340 A

 Per-Unit Method : Example 3
15

 Figure 1 (a) Circuit with elements in SI units.

 Figure 1 (b) Circuit with elements in per-unit.

Figure 1
 Per-Unit Method : Example 3
16

 (a) Solve for Z, I, and S at Port ab in Figure 1 (a)

 (b) Repeat (a) in per-unit on bases of VB=100 V and SB=1000 V.
Draw the corresponding per unit circuit.
 Per-Unit Method: Example 3 Solution
17

(a) Solution for Z, I, and S at Port ab in Figure 1 (a)

Z ab = 8 + j12 − j 6 = 8 + j 6 = 1036.9
Vab 1000
I= = = 10 − 36.9 A
Z ab 1036.9
S = VI  = (1000)(1036.9)
= 100036.9 = 800 + j 600VA
P = 800W Q = 600 var
 Per-Unit Method: Example 3 Solution
18

(b) Answer in per-unit on bases of VB=100 V and SB=1000 V

VB2 (100) 2
ZB = = = 10
SB 1000
S B 1000
IB = = = 10 A
VB 100
1000
V pu = = 10 pu
100
 Per-Unit Method: Example 3 Solution
19

(b) Answer in per-unit on bases of VB=100 V and SB=1000 V

8 + j12 − j 6
Z pu = = 0.8 + j 0.6 pu = 1.036.9 pu
10
V pu 10
I pu = = = 1 − 36.9 pu
Z pu 136.9

S pu = V pu I pu = (10)(136.9) = 136.9 pu
= 0.8 + j 0.6 pu
 Per-Unit Method: Example 3 Solution (check)
20

 Example 3 Solution

 (b) Converting result in (b) into SI unit

I = ( I pu ) I B = (1 − 36.9)(10) = 10 − 36.9 A

Z = ( Z pu ) Z B = (0.8 + j 0.6)(10) = 8 + j 6
S = ( S pu ) S B = (0.8 + j 0.6)(1000) = 800 + j 600W , var

 It shows that the results of (a) and (b) are identical.

 Per-Unit Method: Example 4
21

 A 200 MVA, 13.8 kV generator has a reactance of 0.85 pu and is

generating 1.15 pu voltage.
 Determine:-
(a) the actual values of the line voltage, phase voltage and
reactance, and
(b) the corresponding quantities to a new base of 500 MVA,
13.5 kV.
 Per-Unit Method: Example 4 Solution
22

(a)
Line voltage = pu voltage x Base line voltage
= 1.15 x 13.8 kV
= 15.87 kV
Phase voltage = pu voltage x Base phase voltage
=1.15 x(13.8 kV/√3)
= 9.16 kV
Reactance = pu reactance x( Base line voltage2/ MVA)
=0.85 x ( 13.8 kV2/200 MVA )
= 0.809 Ω
5.1 Per Unit Conversion Procedure, 1f

23

1. Pick a 1f VA base for the entire system, Sb

2. Pick a voltage base for each different voltage level, VB. Voltage
bases are related by transformer turns ratios. Voltages are line to
neutral.
3. Calculate the impedance base, Zb= (Vb)2/Sb
4. Calculate the current base, Ib = Vb/Zb
5. Convert actual values to per unit

Note, per unit conversion on affects magnitudes, not

the angles. Also, per unit quantities no longer have
units (i.e., a voltage is 1.0 p.u., not 1 p.u. volts)
5.1 Single-phase Per-Unit System

24

One-phase circuits
Sb = S1−f = Vf If
where Vf = Vline−to−neutral
If = I line−current
VbLV = VfLV VbHV = VfHV
Sb Sb
I bLV = I bHV =
VbLV VbHV
5.2 Three-phase Per-Unit Systems
25

▪ Interconnections among components in the power system may be

shown in a so-called one-line diagram or single-line diagram. Single-
line diagram represents all 3-f of balanced system. For the purpose of
analysis, the single-line diagram of a particular power system network is
represented to its equivalent reactance or impedance diagram. A
sample of a interconnected of individual power component is shown in
Figure 1.1. This represent a circuit diagram of a power network which is
referred to as a single-line diagram.

Figure 1.1 – Single-line diagram

5.2 Three-phase Per-Unit Systems
26
Impedance diagram
In power system fault calculations it is often that a single-line diagram
representing a typical power network in 3-f be converted into its per phase
impedance diagram.
Some assumptions for converting from single-line diagram into its equivalent
impedance diagram needed to be considered.
(i) A generator can be represented by a voltage source in series with an
inductive reactance. The internal resistance of the generator is assumed to
be negligible compared to the reactance.
(ii) The loads are usually inductive represented by resistance and inductance.
(iii) The transformer core is assumed to be ideal, and the transformer may be
represented by a reactance only.
(iv) The transmission line is represented by its resistance and inductance, the
line-to-ground capacitance is assumed to be negligible.
5.2 Impedance Diagram of Figure 1.2
27

Let us consider the following on how the single-line diagram of Figure 1.2 converted
into its impedance diagram counterpart.
Transmission
Transformer Line Transformer
T1 TL T2
Station A Station B
j XT1 j XTL j XT2
RTL

j X1 j X2 RL1 RL2 j X3 j X4

G1 G2 j XL2 G3 G4
j XL1

Figure 1.3 – Impedance diagram of Figure 1.2

5.2 Three-phase Per-Unit Systems
28

Base selection for per-unit quantities

▪ The selection of base values is made to reduce the work required by
calculations.
▪ Firstly, a base value is selected for some part of the circuit.
▪ When the manufacturer gives the per unit reactance and resistance of a
components, the base is understood to be the rated voltage and kVA of
the components.
5.2 Three-phase Per-Unit Systems
29

▪ How do we calculate the ZPU for the new base?

▪ If the three-phase network calculations need to be done using per-unit
values, all the per-unit values must be calculated using the same base
values (especially the same base apparent power).

X = % (is the ZPU(gb))

▪ If ZPU is given at the given base, then a new base for the new ZPU has to
be calculated as follows:
S V
▪ For the Transformer and the generator: ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* ( nb) * ( gb) 2
Sgb Vnb
S
▪ For the line: ZPU(line) = Zline* nb2
Vgb

▪ How do we calculate the VPU for the new base?

5.2 Three-phase Per-Unit Systems
30

How do we calculate the VPU for the new base?

▪ The VPU for the new base is calculated as follows:

▪ For the Transformer : VPU(nb) = ZPU(nb) .IPU

▪ For the line: VPU(line) = ZPU(line) .IPU

▪ For the load (it is assumed as full load): VPU(load) = 1˪90˚

▪ Since we have computed all Vpu for the new base, then the per-unit
and the terminal voltages of the generator are calculated as follows:
VPU(gen) = VPU(Trans) + VPU(line) + VPU(load) V(terminal) = VPU(gen) .Vbase
5.2 Three-phase Per-Unit Systems
31

How do we calculate the IPU for the Load?

▪ The load current of the three-phase system can be computed using the
following power equation: PLoad = √3 .Vload .ILoad .cosɸ
▪ The base current of the load can be calculated as follows:
Sbase
Ibase =
√3.Vbase

▪ The per unit current of the load can be calculated as follows:

Iload
IPU =
Ibase
5.2 Summary:Calculation of Per-Unit
Base Values
32
Example 5
gb stands for given base
33

Example 5: The sketch below shows the schematic diagram of a radial transmission
system. Use the nameplate values of the generator as base values and draw the
equivalent circuit for the system.

Given Apparent powers (S) and Voltages (V)

Generator: Transformer 1: Transformer 2: Line:

Sgb = 60 MVA Sgb = 40 MVA Sgb = 30 MVA
Vgb = 11 kV Vgb = 132 kV Vgb = 66 kV Vgb = 132 kV

Given per-unit values

Generator: Transformer 1: Transformer 2: Line:

ZPU(gb) = 0.2 ˪90˚ ZPU(gb) = 0.08 ˪90˚ ZPU(gb) = 0.07 ˪90˚ ZLine = 2.9 ˪90˚Ω
Example 5
34

▪ Generator: Transformer 1: Transformer 2: Line:

ZPU(gb) = 0.2 ˪90˚ ZPU(gb) = 0.08 ˪90˚ ZPU(gb) = 0.07 ˪90˚ ZLine = 2.9 ˪90˚
Sgb = 60 MVA Sgb = 40 MVA Sgb = 30 MVA
Vgb = 11 kV Vgb = 132 kV Vgb = 66 kV Vgb = 132 kV
Snb = 60 MVA Snb = 60 MVA Snb = 60 MVA
Snb = 60 MVA
Vnb = 11 kV Vnb = 132 kV Vnb = 66 kV

Snb
S V ZPU(line) = Zline*
ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* ( nb) * ( gb) 2 Vgb2
Sgb Vnb
Generator Transformer 1 Transformer 2 Line
Snb Snb Z Snb
ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb) ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* ( ) ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* (S ) PU(line) = Z *
line V 2
Sgb gb gb
= 0.2 ˪90˚ pu 60 60 = 2.9 ˪90˚*
60
= 0.08 ˪90˚ * ( ) = 0.07 ˪90˚ * ( ) (132)2
40 30
= 0.12 ˪90˚ pu = 0.14 ˪90˚ pu = 0.01 ˪90˚ pu
 Example 5
35

Generator Transformer 1 Transformer 2 Line

Snb S
ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb) ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* (Snb) ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* ( ) ZPU(line) = Zline* nb2
Sgb Sgb Vgb
= 0.2 ˪90˚ pu 60 60
= 0.08 ˪90˚ * ( ) = 0.07 ˪90˚ * ( ) 60
40 30 = 2.9 ˪90˚*
(132)2
= 0.12 ˪90˚ pu = 0.14 ˪90˚ pu = 0.01 ˪90˚ pu

▪ Now, the next step is to draw the equivalent circuit.

Based on the sketch,

the terminal voltage
of the generator is
1 pu since a
generator is used as
a base or reference.
Example 6
Terminal voltage in p.u. is VPU(gen) = VPU(Trans) + VPU(line) + VPU(load)
Terminal voltage in volts is V(terminal) = VPU(gen) .Vbase
36

Example 6: The sketch shown below is a schematic diagram of a radial transmission

system. Use a base of 120 MVA and calculate the terminal voltage of the generator
in per unit and in kV if the voltage on the load is maintained at 33 kV.

How do we determine the generator terminal voltage is the sketch shown above?
VPU(gen) = VPU(Trans 1) + VPU(line) + VPU(Trans 2) + VPU(load)

We therefore need to determine the per-unit voltage for each component. How?

Transformers: VPU(nb) = ZPU(nb) .IPU Line: VPU(line) = ZPU (line) .IPU

Load: VPU(load) = 1˪0˚ since the load is used as a reference.
We must therefore determine the ZPU and IPU to be able to determine all the VPU.
Example 6:Solution
37

Example 6: The sketch shown below is a schematic diagram of a radial transmission

system. Use a base of 120 MVA and calculate the terminal voltage of the generator
in per unit and in kV if the voltage on the load is maintained at 33 kV.

Write down all your given parameters (gb) and new base parameter (nb)

Transformer 1 Transformer 2 Line Load

ZPU(gb) = 0.09 ˪90˚ ZPU(gb) = 0.12 ˪90˚ ZLine = 12.93 ˪81.73˚ PLoad = 60 MW

Sgb = 60 MVA Sgb = 75 MVA pf = 0.81 lagging

Vgb = 66 kV Vgb = 33 kV Vgb = 66 kV VLoad = 33 kV

Snb = 120 MVA Snb = 120 MVA Snb = 120 MVA Snb = 120 MVA
Vnb = 66 kV Vnb = 33 kV
Example 6
VPU(gen) = VPU(Trans 1) + VPU(line)
+ VPU(Trans 2) + VPU(load)
38

Load Transformer 1 Transformer 2

PLoad = √3 .Vload .ILoad .cosɸ ZPU(gb) = 0.09 ˪90˚ ZPU(gb) = 0.12 ˪90˚
PLoad Sgb = 60 MVA Sgb = 75 MVA
ILoad =
√3.VLoad.cosɸ
Vgb = 66 kV Vgb = 33 kV
(60 x106)
=
√3.(33 x103) x 0.81 Snb = 120 MVA Snb = 120 MVA

= 1295.96 ˪-35.9˚ A Vnb = 66 kV Vnb = 33 kV

Sbase S S
ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* ( nb) ZPU(nb) = ZPU(gb)* ( nb)
Ibase = Sgb Sgb
√3.Vbase
120 120
= 0.09 ˪90˚ * ( = 0.12 ˪90˚ * ( )
(120 x106) 60
) 75
=
√3.(33 x103)
= 0.18 ˪90˚pu = 0.192 ˪90˚ pu
= 2099.46 A
VPU(nb) = ZPU(nb) .IPU VPU(nb) = ZPU(nb) .IPU
I
IPU = load VPU(nb) = (0.192 ˪90˚)(0.617 ˪-35.9˚)
Ibase VPU(nb) = (0.18 ˪90˚)(0.617 ˪-35.9˚)

1295.96 = 0.1111 ˪54.1˚pu = 0.1185 ˪54.1˚pu

= = 0.617 ˪-35.9˚pu
2099.46
Example 6:Solution
VPU(gen) = VPU(Trans 1) + VPU(line)
+ VPU(Trans 2) + VPU(load)
39

Line Now we have determined all the per-unit voltages.

We can now determine the per-unit terminal voltage of the
ZLine = 12.93 ˪81.73˚ generator.
Vgb = 66 kV
VPU(gen) = VPU(Trans 1) + VPU(line) + VPU(Trans 2) + VPU(load)
Snb = 120 MVA
= 0.1111 ˪54.1˚+ 0.2197 ˪45.83˚ + 0.1185 ˪54.1˚ + 1˪0˚
Snb
ZPU(line) = Zline*
Vgb2
= 1.333 ˪14.94˚ pu
120
= 12.93 ˪81.73˚*
(66)2
= 0.356 ˪81.73˚ pu
We can now determine the terminal voltage in Volts

V(terminal) = VPU(gen) .Vbase

VPU(nb) = ZPU(nb) .IPU

VPU(nb) = (0.356 ˪81.73˚)(0.617 ˪-35.9˚) = (1.333 ˪14.94˚).(11x103)

= 0.2197 ˪45.83˚pu = 14.663 ˪14.94˚ kV

 Per-Unit Method for 3- f System : Example 7
40

Example 7: Draw an impedance in per unit diagram for the

system whose one-line diagram is shown in Figure below:

T1 T2
G1 Line 1 G2
Section D
Section A Section B
Line 2 Line 3

T3

Section C M
 Per-Unit Method for 3- f System : Example
41
7: Solution
Data for the system is:
 G1: 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, X=0.15 pu

 G2: 20 MVA, 14.4 kV, X=0.15 pu

 M : 20 MVA, 14.4 kV, X=0.15 pu

 T1 : 60 MVA, 13.2kV/161kV, X=0.10 pu

 T2 : 25 MVA, 13.1kV/161kV, X=0.10 pu

 T3 : 25 MVA, 13.2kV/160kV, X=0.10 pu

 Line 1: 20+j80 ohms

 Line 2: 10+j40 ohms

 Line 3: 10+j40 ohms

 Load: 20+j15 MVA at 12.63 kV

 Per-Unit Method for 3- f System : Example 7 Solution

42

 Example 5 Solution
 We begin by choosing the system power base as S3φB=100
MVA.
 We must also choose the voltage base in one section of the
system. We will select 161kV in Section D.
 Now we compute the voltage bases in the other three sections
of the system.
 Section A: 13.2 VLLBA
= , VLLBA = 13.2kV
161 161
 Section B: 13.1 VLLBB
= , VLLBB = 13.1kV
161 161
 Section C: 13.2 VLLBC
= , VLLBC = 13.2825kV
160 161
 Per-Unit Method for 3- f System :
Example 7 Solution
43

• Next convert the given per-unit impedances for G1, G2, M, T1,
T2, and T3 into per-unit impedances on new bases.
• G1:
ZG1 pu,new = 0.15
(13.8) 100
2
= 0.3279 pu
• G2: (13.2) 50
2

ZG 2 pu,new = 0.15
(14.4) 100
2
= 0.9062 pu
(13.1) 20
2

• M:
Z Mpu,new = 0.15
(14.4) 100
2
= 0.8815pu
(13.285) 20
2
Per-Unit Method for 3- f System : Example 7 Solution

44

• Next convert the given per-unit impedances for G1, G2, M, T1,
T2, and T3 into per-unit impedances on new bases.
• T1: 100
Z T 1 pu,new = 0.10 = 0.1667 pu
60
• T2:
100
Z T 2 pu,new = 0.10 = 0.4 pu
25
• T3:

ZT 3 pu,new = 0.10
(13.2)2 100
= 0.3950 pu
(13.2825) 25
2
 Per-Unit Method : Example 7 Solution
45

 Note that the last calculation (for T3) could have been done as
follows:
◼ T3:
ZT 3 pu,new = 0.10
(160) 100 = 0.3950 pu
2

(161)2 25

• Next, let’s per-unitize the lines. The line impedances are all in
ohms, we need to find the impedance base for Section D

Z BD =
(VLLBD )
2
=
(161k ) 2
= 259.21
S3fB 100M
 Per-Unit Method for 3- f System : Example 7 Solution
46

Then, per-unitize the lines L1, L2 and L3

Z L1, 20 + j80
Z L1, pu = = = 0.07716+ j0.3086 pu
Z BD 259.21

Z L 2 , 10 + j 40
Z L 2, pu = = = 0.03858+ j 0.1543pu
Z BD 259.21

Z L 3,  10 + j 40
Z L3, pu = = = 0.03858+ j 0.1543pu
Z BD 259.21
 Per-Unit Method for 3- f System : Example 7 Solution

47

• Finally, we need to compute the load, assume it use a

series combination.
2
V (12.63k ) 2
Z Load = * = = 5.1045+ j3.8284
S (20 − j15) M

• Next, compute ZB at section C,

Z BC =
(VLLBC )
2
=
(13.2825k ) 2
= 1.7642
S3fB 100M
Per-Unit Method for 3- f System : Example 7 Solution
48

• Compute the per unit impedance as

Z Load 5.1045+ j3.8284
Z Load , pu = = = 2.8934+ j2.1700 pu
Z BC 1.7642

• Per-Unit
impedance
diagram
 General Layout of the System
49
 General Layout of the System
50

 One/Single line diagram

 General Layout of the System
51

Large Generation Stations Overview Of The Electricity Infrastructure

Bulk Transmission 230-750 kV

Sub transmission 69-169 kV

Primary Distribution 4-36 kV

Secondary Distribution 120/240/415 V