MERRYLAND INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
GRADE 8 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
NAME: ___________________________ Grade 8 Sec: _____

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

SECTION A
1. What does the digestion of starch produce?
A fatty acids B glucose C mineral salts D water

2. What is glycogen made from?

A Glucagon B Glucose C Glycerol D Amino acid

3. Where are carbohydrates made in a green leaf?

A cell vacuoles B chloroplasts C Phloem D mitochondria

4. Which substances are produced by the action of amylase on starch?

A amino acids B fatty acids and glycerol C simple sugars D nucleic acids

5. What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

A Starch B Glucose C Glycogen D Fiber

6. Which substances are produced by the action of amylase on starch?

A amino acids B fatty acids and glycerol C salts D sugars

7. Which element is found in proteins but not carbohydrates?

A carbon B hydrogen C nitrogen D oxygen

8. Which type of reaction takes place when starch molecules are converted into reducing sugars?
A condensation B hydrolysis C polymerization D synthesis

9. Glycogen is a large molecule made from smaller molecules.

Which smaller molecules is glycogen made from?
A amino acids B fatty acids C glucose D glycerol

10. What is the dietary importance of carbohydrates?

A to promote healthy bones and teeth B to make fats
C to provide energy for the body D to make proteins

11. Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules.
Which statement is correct?
A Amino acids are basic units of carbohydrates. B Fatty acids are basic units of glycogen.
C Glycerol is a basic unit of oils. D Simple sugar is a basic unit of protein.

12. Which elements do carbohydrates contain?

A carbon, hydrogen and oxygen B carbon, hydrogen and sulphur
C carbon, nitrogen and oxygen D carbon, nitrogen and Sulphur

13. What can occur as a result of a condensation reaction?

1 A disaccharide is formed. 2 A glycosidic bond is broken.
3 A molecule of water is produced. 4 Two monosaccharides join together.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4

1
14. What is a correct statement about biological molecules?
A Biuret reagent is used to test for reducing sugars.
B Glycogen is made of smaller glycerol molecules.
C Oils contain the chemical elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
D Protein is made of smaller amino acid molecules.

15. What are carbohydrates?

A Inorganic compounds of carbon and hydrogen
B Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
C Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that don’t mix well with water
D Inorganic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

16. The diagram shows part of a starch molecule.

Which diagram shows this molecule after it has been completely digested? D

17. What are the smaller basic units of starch and glycogen molecules? D

18. Which row shows the elements that make up a carbohydrate molecule? C

19. Large molecules are made from smaller molecules.

Which row names the large molecule and the small molecules it is made from? A

20. Which row shows the elements and basic units that are used in the construction of large
foodmolecules? C

2
21. The table shows some large biological molecules and some small biological molecules.

Which rows correctly pair large molecules with the smaller molecules used to make them?
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

22. Two disaccharides are maltose and sucrose. Maltose is formed from two molecules of glucose,
whilst sucrose is formed from fructose and glucose. Which row shows the molecular formulae of
the two disaccharides? A

23. The diagram shows a reaction resulting in the formation of a bond between two molecules. A

24. Three carbohydrate molecules are shown

glucose galactose fructose

Which two molecules combine to form a molecule of sucrose?
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D two of molecule 1

25. What are lipids made from?

A Amino acids B Simple sugars C Fatty acids and glycerol D Glycogen

26. Which of the following is NOT a role of waxes in plants?

A Protection from herbivorous mammals B Drought resistance
C Protection from UV radiation D Protection from bacteria

27. What are lipids?

A Inorganic compounds of carbon and hydrogen
B Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
C Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that don’t mix well with water
D Inorganic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
3
28. Which row shows the chemical elements contained in fats? A

29. The diagram shows two food molecules before and after they have been digested by enzymes.

What identifies the products of fat digestion?

A P and R B P and S C Q and R D Q and S

30. Which substance is the product of protein digestion?

A amino acids B fatty acids C glucose D glycerol

31. Which simple molecules are the basic units of protein?

A amino acids B fatty acids C sugars D vitamins

32. Which substance contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen?

A amino acids B glycogen C starch D triglyceride

33. What are enzymes made of?

A fatty acids B glycogen C protein D starch

34. When a substance is added to meat, amino acids are produced. What is this substance?
A a hormone B an enzyme C an oil D water

35. At which levels of protein structure do ionic bonds occur?

A primary B secondary C tertiary D quaternary

36. Which element is present in all amino acids?

A iron B magnesium C calcium D nitrogen

37. Which chemical reaction takes place in the stomach?

A Proteins are digested by protease. B Proteins are digested into fatty acids.
C Starch is digested into amino acids. D Starch is digested by lipase

38. Which row correctly identifies the chemical elements found in proteins? A

39. The diagram shows part of a protein molecule.

X
What does X represent? A amino acid B fatty acid C glycerol D sugar
4
40. The diagram represents a protein molecule.

What do the small circles represent?

A amino acids B fatty acids C glycerol D simple sugars

41. Which of these is digested by protease? C

42. The diagrams show four molecules. C represents carbon, H represents hydrogen, O represents
oxygen and N represents nitrogen. Which structure is an amino acid? B

43. What is a role of water in digestion?

A It is an enzyme. B It is a solvent. C It is soluble. D It is a mineral.

44. Which type of food is not digested before being absorbed by the body?
A carbohydrate B fat C protein D water

45. Water is a good solvent. What does this mean?

A It dissolves well in many other substances. B It flows easily through vessels.
C It is permeable to gases. D Many substances dissolve well in it.

SECTION B
BIOLOGY 0970/32 Paper 3 Theory (Core) October/November 2018 QP3
1. This question is about biological molecules.
Choose words or phrases from the list to complete the sentences.
Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
calcium carbon carbon dioxide carbohydrate
cellulose chloroplasts fat glycerol
glycogen iron methane nitrogen
oxygen protein starch
Fats are composed of the elements carbon; hydrogen and oxygen; only.
All proteins contain these three elements and the element nitrogen;
Glucose is a type of carbohydrate; Animals store excess glucose as
glycogen; in the liver. Plants store excess glucose as starch;
Plants also convert glucose to cellulose; which is used to make cell walls. [7]
[Total: 7]
5
 BIOLOGY 0610/03 Paper 3 Extended May/June 2004
2. Large food molecules are made up of smaller units. Some of these smaller units are listed below.
amino acids fatty acids glycerol simple sugars
(a) Name the units that make up
1. starch; simple sugars
2. fats; fatty acids and glycerol
3. protein. amino acids [4]
(b) Large food molecules are broken down to form smaller molecules in the digestive system.
(i) Name the type of chemical that speeds up digestion. Enzymes /biological catalyst [1]

(ii) Explain why large molecules need to be broken down into small molecules in the digestive
system.
 Large molecules are insoluble and have no use for us, only its constituents, and so enzymes
assist in breaking it down for us.
 Small molecules are soluble, and are easily absorbed or diffused through gut wall into the
bloodstream.
 To provide basic units for synthesis of different molecules. [2]
[Total: 7]

Edexcel International GCSE January 2016

3. This passage is about biological molecules.
Use words from the box to complete the passage.
You may use each word once, more than once or not at all. [7]

Starch is a carbohydrate found in foods such as....................... bread.............................. . Starch is

made up of repeating ................ glucose......................... units and is found in plants as a short-term
store of ................ energy.......................... . Animal cells store ................... glycogen......................
for a similar function.
Biological molecules called proteins are made up of amino acids. Proteins are used by the body
for...................... growth......................................... and repair of body tissues. Amino acids contain
the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and.................. nitrogen....................... Excess amino acids
can be broken down in the................................... liver............................ to form urea.
[Total: 7]
BIOLOGY 0610/33 Paper 3 Theory (Core) May/June 2024
4. (a) Biological molecules are made of chemical elements.
Complete Table 4.1 by placing ticks (✓) in the boxes to show which chemical elements each
biological molecule is made from. [3]
Table 4.1

6
 (b) Large molecules are made from smaller molecules.
The boxes on the left show the names of some small molecules.
The boxes on the right show the names of some large molecules.
Draw a line from each small molecule to the large molecule that it makes.
Draw four lines. [4]

(c) Water is an important biological molecule.

The box on the left contains the word ‘Water’.
The boxes on the right contain some sentence endings.
Draw a line from the box on the left to each correct statement about water.
Draw three lines. [4]

[Total: 11]
BIOLOGY 0610/32 Paper 3 February/March 2023
5. The nutrient content of five different foods was analysed.
The mass of each nutrient per 100g of food was estimated.
Table 5.1 shows the results.
Table 5.1

The recommended daily allowance for these nutrients for an adult is:
• fat – a maximum of 70g per day
• protein – 50g per day.
(i) Identify the food in Table 5.1 which contains the most carbohydrate per 100g. B; [1]

7
 (ii) A person eats 200g of each food.
Using the information in Table 5.1, identify the two foods that would provide more than the
recommended daily allowance of fat. .................. C................... and................. D.......................... [2]

(iii) Using the information in Table 5.1, calculate the number of grams of food C needed to provide
the recommended daily allowance of protein. 200 / two hundred g [1]

(iv) State two groups of nutrients missing from Table 5.1 that are needed as part of a balanced diet.
1. vitamins;
2. minerals ions;
3. water ; [2]

(v) Explain why food E is recommended as part of a balanced diet.

 it contains fibre to aid peristalsis / prevent constipation;
 it contains carbohydrates for energy;
 it is low in fat / contains less fat than C or D so reduces risk of obesity or CHD;
 it contains proteins for growth / repair / replacement;
 it contains some of each type of nutrient listed in the table / some of each of carbohydrate,
fat, protein and fibre / contains all the nutrients ; [3]

(b) Most foods contain some carbohydrates.

State the names of the chemical elements contained in carbohydrates. carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen [1]

(c) Starch is a type of carbohydrate.

Circle the names of two other carbohydrates from the list.
amino acids amylase cellulose ethanol glycogen oil protein urea [2]
[Total: 12]

6. (a) Large molecules are made from smaller molecules.

State the name of the two small molecules that make fats and oils.
1. glycerol;
2. fatty acids; [2]

(b) Palm oil is used in many food products.

Oil palm plants can be grown as a large-scale monoculture.
Table 7.1 shows the total area used for growing oil palm plants from 1970 to 2010, in one country.
Table 7.1

8
Using the information in Table 7.1, calculate the percentage increase in the total area of land used
for growing oil palm plants between 1980 and 2005. 2100 %; [2]

(c) (i) List the chemical elements in a carbohydrate. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; [1]

(ii) State the name of one chemical element that is found in a protein but is not found in a
carbohydrate. nitrogen ; [1]

(d) Starch is a large molecule.

The boxes on the left show the names of some other large molecules.
The boxes on the right show some sentence endings.
Draw five lines to make five correct sentences. [5]

[Total: 11]