MERRYLAND INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
CHEMISTRY (2024-25)
REVISION SHEET
Name: ………………………………………………………………. Grade VIII/ …………………
ISOTOPES
69
1. (a) 31 𝐺𝑎 and 71
31𝐺𝑎 are isotopes of gallium. With reference to this example,
explain what you understand by the term isotope.
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69
(b) A sample of gallium contains 60% atoms of 31𝐺𝑎 and 40% atoms of 71
31𝐺𝑎 .
Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of gallium.
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69
(c) Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in 31 𝐺𝑎?
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(d) Explain why these two isotopes have same chemical properties.
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IONIC BONDING
1. What is an ionic bond?
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2. The particles in an ionic compound usually form lattice. What do you mean by
ionic lattice?
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3. Lithium fluoride is an ionic compound. Describe the following of the compound:
a) Structure: …………………………………………………………………..
b) Bonding: …………………………………………………………………...
c) Volatility: ………………………………………………………………….
4. Calcium chloride does not conduct electricity in the solid state. State the
conditions needed for calcium chloride to conduct electricity. Explain why
calcium chloride conducts electricity under these conditions.
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5. Draw the dot and cross diagram of aluminium chloride.
6. Potassium chloride is an ionic compound. Complete the diagram to show the
electron arrangement in the outer shells of the ions present in potassium
chloride.
COVALENT BONDING
1. Define covalent bond.
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2. Complete the dot and cross diagram of oxygen molecule.
3. Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia.
(a) Name the type of bonding present in ammonia.
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(b) State any two properties of ammonia.
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(c) Draw the dot and cross diagram of ammonia.
4. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity in any state. Explain.
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5. Complete the following table.
Property Sodium bromide Methane
Physical state
Melting and boiling
point
Electrical conductivity
Solubility
Reaction speed
ANSWERS
ISOTOPES
1. (a) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of
protons but different numbers of neutrons.
(b) Relative atomic mass =
(% 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒 1 𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒 1) +( % 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒 2 𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒 2)
100
(60 𝑥 69)+40 𝑥 71)
= = 69.8 amu
100
(c) Number of protons = 31
Number of electrons = 31
Number of neutrons = 69-31= 38
(d) These two isotopes have the same chemical properties because they have the
same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration.
IONIC BONDING
1. An ionic bond is a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged
ions.
2. The giant lattice structure of ionic compounds is a regular arrangement of
alternating positive and negative ions.
3. a) Giant lattice
b) Ionic bonding
c) Non-volatile due to high boiling point
4. Calcium chloride conducts electricity in the molten state or aqueous solution,
because in the solid state the ions are not free to move due to strong electrostatic
force of attraction but in molten or aqueous state the ions are free to move.
5.
6.
COVALENT BONDING
1. A covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two
atoms leading to noble gas electronic configurations.
2.
3. (a) Covalent bonding
(b) Ammonia is a gas.
Ammonia has a comparatively low melting and boiling points.
(c)
4. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity in any state because covalent
compounds contain neutral molecules which cannot carry electric charge.
5.
Property Sodium bromide Methane
Physical state Crystalline solid Gas
Melting and boiling High Low
point
Electrical conductivity Conducts in molten Poor conductor
state or in aqueous
solution
Solubility Soluble in water Insoluble in water
Reaction speed Fast Slow
