Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

General Aptitude (GA)

Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.1 The village was nestled in a green spot, _______ the ocean and the hills.

(A) through

(B) in

(C) at

(D) between

Q.2 Disagree : Protest : : Agree : _______

(By word meaning)

(A) Refuse

(B) Pretext

(C) Recommend

(D) Refute

Page 1 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.3 A ‘frabjous’ number is defined as a 3 digit number with all digits odd, and no two
adjacent digits being the same. For example, 137 is a frabjous number, while 133 is
not. How many such frabjous numbers exist?

(A) 125

(B) 720

(C) 60

(D) 80

Q.4 Which one among the following statements must be TRUE about the mean and the
median of the scores of all candidates appearing for GATE 2023?

(A) The median is at least as large as the mean.

(B) The mean is at least as large as the median.

(C) At most half the candidates have a score that is larger than the median.

(D) At most half the candidates have a score that is larger than the mean.

Page 2 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.5 In the given diagram, ovals are marked at different heights (h) of a hill. Which one
of the following options P, Q, R, and S depicts the top view of the hill?

(A) P

(B) Q

(C) R

(D) S

Page 3 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.6 – Q.10 Carry TWO marks Each

Q.6 Residency is a famous housing complex with many well-established individuals

among its residents. A recent survey conducted among the residents of the complex
revealed that all of those residents who are well established in their respective fields
happen to be academicians. The survey also revealed that most of these
academicians are authors of some best-selling books.

Based only on the information provided above, which one of the following
statements can be logically inferred with certainty?

(A) Some residents of the complex who are well established in their fields are also
authors of some best-selling books.

(B) All academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields.

(C) Some authors of best-selling books are residents of the complex who are well
established in their fields.

(D) Some academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields.

Page 4 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.7 Ankita has to climb 5 stairs starting at the ground, while respecting the following
rules:

1. At any stage, Ankita can move either one or two stairs up.
2. At any stage, Ankita cannot move to a lower step.

Let 𝐹(𝑁) denote the number of possible ways in which Ankita can reach the 𝑁 𝑡ℎ
stair. For example, 𝐹(1) = 1, 𝐹(2) = 2, 𝐹(3) = 3.

The value of 𝐹(5) is _______.

(A) 8

(B) 7

(C) 6

(D) 5

Page 5 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.8 The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary
for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A),
Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA
can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA
has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these
nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino
acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of
nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for
the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.

Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements
can be logically inferred with certainty?

(i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.

(A) only (i)

(B) only (ii)

(C) both (i) and (ii)

(D) neither (i) nor (ii)

Page 6 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.9 Which one of the given figures P, Q, R and S represents the graph of the following
function?

𝑓(𝑥) = | |𝑥 + 2| − |𝑥 − 1| |

(A) P

(B) Q

(C) R

(D) S

Page 7 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.10 An opaque cylinder (shown below) is suspended in the path of a parallel beam of
light, such that its shadow is cast on a screen oriented perpendicular to the direction
of the light beam. The cylinder can be reoriented in any direction within the light
beam. Under these conditions, which one of the shadows P, Q, R, and S is NOT
possible?

(A) P

(B) Q

(C) R

(D) S

Page 8 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

PART A: COMPULSORY SECTION FOR ALL CANDIDATES

Q.11 – Q.17 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.11 Which of the following is a chronostratigraphic unit?

(A) Member

(B) Stage

(C) Acme Zone

(D) Period

Q.12 During contact metamorphism, with increasing temperature,

(A) the ratio of volume to surface area of mineral grains increases.

(B) the ratio of volume to surface area of mineral grains decreases.

(C) the reaction kinetics becomes slower.

(D) hydrous minerals become more stable.

Page 9 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.13 The dimension of dynamic viscosity is

(A) M1L−1T−2

(B) M1L−1T−1

(C) M0L2T−1

(D) M0L0T0

Q.14 At a depth of about 400 km inside the Earth, which one of the following occurs?

(A) Conversion of most silicates to perovskite structure

(B) Conversion of plagioclase-peridotite to spinel-peridotite

(C) Transformation of olivine to spinel structure

(D) Conversion of spinel-peridotite to plagioclase-peridotite

Page 10 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.15 Equatorial radius of which one of the following planets is closest to that of the
Earth?

(A) Mercury

(B) Venus

(C) Mars

(D) Neptune

Q.16 Variation of Bouguer anomaly obtained along a profile after applying all the
necessary corrections is due to

(A) topographic undulation above the datum plane.

(B) increase in densities of crustal rocks with depth.

(C) lateral density variations.

(D) vertical density contrast across Moho.

Page 11 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.17 The heat production (Qr) of a granitic rock due to decay of the radioactive elements
U, Th and K having concentration CU, CTh, and CK, respectively, is given by the
expression

𝑄𝑟 = 𝛼𝐶𝑈 + 𝛽𝐶𝑇ℎ + 𝛾𝐶𝐾

Which one of the following correctly represents the relation between the magnitude
of coefficients , ,  (in Wkg−1)?

(A) >>

(B) <>

(C) ><

(D) <<

Page 12 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.18 – Q.26 Carry TWO marks Each

Q.18 Which one of the following Phanerozoic periods has the shortest duration of time?

(A) Cambrian

(B) Devonian

(C) Cretaceous

(D) Silurian

Q.19 Based on the given mineral proportions, which one of the following statements is
CORRECT?

Rock Mineral Proportion

X Olivine : Orthopyroxene : Clinopyroxene :: 50 : 30 : 20

Y Plagioclase : Alkali feldspar : Quartz :: 25 : 45 : 30

Z Biotite : Plagioclase : Alkali feldspar : Quartz :: 20 : 25 : 35 : 20

(A) Y is more felsic compared to X & Z

(B) X is more felsic compared to Y & Z

(C) Z is more felsic compared to X & Y

(D) Y is the most felsic and Z is the most mafic

Page 13 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.20 The CORRECT sequence(s) of electromagnetic radiations in terms of increasing

wavelength is/are

(A) Gamma ray < UV < Near-IR

(B) X-ray < Visible light < Thermal IR

(C) Microwave < Visible light < Radio wave

(D) Microwave < Thermal IR < Near-IR

Q.21 Which of the given folds is/are represented by the stereoplot?

(A) Horizontal fold

(B) Vertical fold

(C) Upright fold

(D) Recumbent fold

Page 14 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.22 The bulk density and water content of a soil are 1800 kg/m3 and 18%, respectively.
The dry density of the soil calculated from the given information is
______________ kg/m3. [round off to 2 decimal places]

Q.23 In a seismic reflection survey over a two-layered Earth model having densities and
seismic velocities 1=2000 kg/m3, V1=1800 m/s for the first layer and 2=3000
kg/m3, V2=2100 m/s for the second layer, the normal incidence P-wave reflection
coefficient is ______________. [round off to 3 decimal places]

Q.24 The resistivity of a rock, 100% saturated with water of resistivity 0.25 m, is 60
m. Assuming tortuosity and cementation exponents to be 1 and 2, respectively,
the porosity of the rock is __________ (in %). [round off to 2 decimal places]

Q.25 Let us consider that a student misses cancelling the self-potential between potential
electrodes before injecting current into the subsurface, in a Wenner electrical
resistivity survey using DC resistivity meter over a horizontally stratified Earth. In
direct and reverse modes of measurement (when current flows from C1 to C2 and
C2 to C1, respectively) with the same magnitude of current flow, the potential
differences recorded are +158 mV and −214 mV, respectively. The self-potential
between the potential electrodes before injecting current was _________mV.
[in integer]

Page 15 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.26 For the given figure, considering Pratt’s model of isostatic compensation at the crust
mantle boundary, the crustal density (𝜌1 ) that explains 1.5 km deep lake is
__________kg/m3. (Consider density of water 𝜌𝑤 = 1000 kg/m3) [round off to 2
decimal places]

Page 16 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

PART B (SECTION 2): FOR GEOPHYSICS CANDIDATES ONLY

Q.27 – Q.44 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.27 Young’s Modulus of granite is

(A) 5×1010 to 7×1010 Newton/m2.

(B) 5×1010 to 7×1010 Newton/cm2.

(C) 5×1010 to 7×1010 Newton.

(D) 5×1010 to 7×1010 Newton m.

Q.28 The resultant stress obtained from normal stress measurements that are corrected
for the mean stress is

(A) hydrostatic stress.

(B) lithostatic stress.

(C) deviatoric stress.

(D) shear stress.

Page 17 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.29 Which one of the following options is CORRECT for the arrangement of magnetic
moment of dipoles in ferrimagnetic material?

(A) Equal and anti-parallel in nature

(B) Unequal and anti-parallel in nature

(C) Equal and parallel in nature

(D) Unequal and parallel in nature

Q.30 Choose the CORRECT earthquake body wave phase which travels as S-wave
through the inner core of the Earth.

(A) SKIKS

(B) SKKS

(C) PKJKP

(D) PKiKP

Page 18 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.32 If the divergence and curl of a vector field are zero, then the field will be

(A) solenoidal and irrotational.

(B) solenoidal but not irrotational.

(C) irrotational but not solenoidal.

(D) neither solenoidal nor irrotational.

Q.32 The equipotential surface due to a line current electrode placed horizontally over
the surface of a homogeneous Earth is

(A) cylindrical.

(B) spherical.

(C) half-cylindrical.

(D) hemi-spherical.

Page 19 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.33 The basic working principle of a standard Proton Precession Magnetometer is based
on

(A) Faraday’s law of induction.

(B) Nuclear magnetic resonance.

(C) Zeeman effect.

(D) Gauss’s law for magnetization.

Q.34 The working principle of a modern absolute gravimeter is based on

(A) free-fall method.

(B) simple pendulum method.

(C) Hooke’s law.

(D) principle of zero length spring.

Page 20 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.35 The given figure shows the self-potential (S.P.) anomaly observed over a polarized
spherical body. The direction of polarization with respect to horizontal is

(A) 0

(B) 45

(C) 60

(D) 90

Q.36 Geiger-Muller counter responds primarily to

(A) -radiation.

(B) -radiation.

(C) -radiation.

(D) , , -radiations all, equally.

Page 21 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.37 The damping parameter in the Damped Least-squares solution of a geophysical

inverse problem is primarily used to

(A) stabilize the inverse solution.

(B) increase the resolution of estimated model parameters.

(C) decrease the non-uniqueness of the solution.

(D) obtain a unique solution.

Q.38 A seismic wave with a wavelength of 25 m propagates through a sedimentary basin

with a phase velocity of 280 m/s. The rate of change of phase velocity with respect
to wavelength is 4 per second. The group velocity of the seismic wave propagating
in the same dispersive medium is ___________ m/s. [round off to nearest integer]

Q.39 The gravity anomaly value estimated at the base of a 10 m tall building is 20 mGal.
The gravity anomaly value at the top of the building is __________ mGal. (Ignore
the mass of the building in both cases) [round off to 1 decimal place]

Q.40 In a VLF EM measurement, the vertical and horizontal components of secondary

magnetic field observed at any observation point are +10 SI units and -2 SI units,
respectively. If the magnitude of the primary magnetic field at the observation point
is +50 SI units, then magnitude of the measured dip angle with respect to the
horizontal at the observation point is_________ degree. [round off to 2 decimal
place]

Page 22 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.41 A geothermal gradient of 32 C/km is measured in the upper few meters of

sediments covering the ocean floor. If the mean thermal conductivity of the oceanic
sediments is 1.9 Wm−1C−1, then the absolute value of local heat flow is
_________milli-Wm−2. [round off to 1 decimal place]

Q.42 A seismic refraction survey is done over a two-layered Earth having P-wave
velocities of 2000 m/s and 3500 m/s for the first and second layers, respectively.
Given the thickness of the first layer to be 2000 m, the critical distance for the
refracted wave is ________ m. [round off to nearest integer]

Q.43 The given figure shows the time domain convolution of two boxcar functions. The
duration (t) of the output pulse as shown in the figure is _________ milli-second.
[in integer]

Q.44 For a given rock formation, the porosity () is 23 % and water saturation (Sw) is 25
%. The proportion of water (bulk volume of water) in the total rock formation
is________%. [round off to 2 decimal places]

Page 23 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.45 – Q.65 Carry TWO marks Each

Q.45 Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey is performed in a noisy

background along a 1000 m long profile with 10 m equi-spaced electrodes using
different electrode configurations. Which electrode configuration will produce
maximum number of negative apparent resistivity data?

(A) Dipole-dipole configuration

(B) Wenner-Schlumberger configuration

(C) Wenner configuration

(D) All configurations will produce the same number of negative apparent resistivity
data

Q.46 Consider a signal whose original real part is given by 𝑓(𝑡) = sin(𝑡) and its Hilbert
transform is given by 𝑓(𝑡)𝐻 . Then, the complex signal 𝑓𝐶 is

(A) sin(𝑡) − 𝑖 sin(𝑡)

(B) cos(𝑡) − 𝑖 cos(𝑡)

(C) sin(𝑡) − 𝑖 cos(𝑡)

(D) cos(𝑡) − 𝑖 sin(𝑡)

Page 24 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.47 Mathematically, the geometrical factor for a Two-electrode array and Wenner array
is the same. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

(A) Lateral resolution of Two-electrode array is better than the Wenner array

(B) Lateral resolution of Wenner array is better than the Two-electrode array

(C) Lateral resolution of both arrays will be the same

(D) Vertical resolution of both arrays will be the same

Q.48 Laminar shale, structural shale and dispersed shale can be distinguished by which
one of the following cross-plots?

(A) Self-potential (SP) log value and formation water resistivity (Rw)

(B) Laterolog Deep (LLD) resistivity and formation resistivity (Rt)

(C) Sonic log value and Sonic porosity

(D) Neutron porosity and Density porosity

Page 25 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.49 The factor by which the magnetic field decreases with respect to the gravity field
caused by the same source at a distance (𝑟) is

(A) 1
𝑟

(B) 𝑟

(C) 1
√𝑟

(D) 1
𝑟2

Q.50 The total excess mass of an irregular shaped body can be calculated from the
corresponding gravity anomaly measured over a horizontal plane on the surface of
the Earth using

(A) Divergence theorem.

(B) Stoke’s theorem.

(C) Newton’s law of gravity.

(D) Laplace’s equation.

Page 26 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.51 Select the CORRECT equation for Euler deconvolution solution of the total
magnetic field 𝐵𝑇 observed along a profile on the surface of the Earth for ith point,
with background magnetic field value B, and structural index N.

(A) 𝜕𝐵𝑇 𝜕𝐵𝑇

(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥 ′ ) ( ) + (𝑧𝑖 − 𝑧 ′ ) ( ) = 𝑁𝐵 − 𝑁(𝐵𝑇 )𝑖
𝜕𝑥 𝑖 𝜕𝑧 𝑖

(B) 𝜕𝐵𝑇 𝜕𝐵𝑇

(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥 ′ ) ( ) + (𝑧𝑖 − 𝑧 ′ ) ( ) = 𝑁(𝐵 − 𝐵𝑇 )
𝜕𝑥 𝑖 𝜕𝑧 𝑖

(C) 𝜕𝐵𝑇 𝜕𝐵𝑇 𝜕𝐵𝑇

𝑥𝑖 ( ) + 𝑁𝐵𝑇 = 𝑥 ′ ( ) + 𝑧′ ( ) + 𝑁𝐵
𝜕𝑥 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 𝑖 𝜕𝑧 𝑖

(D) 𝜕𝐵𝑇 𝜕𝐵𝑇 𝜕𝐵𝑇

𝑥𝑖 ( ) + 𝑁(𝐵𝑇 )𝑖 = 𝑥 ′ ( ) + 𝑧′ ( ) + 𝑁𝐵
𝜕𝑥 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 𝑖 𝜕𝑧 𝑖

Q.52 The potential field U due to a source follows a spherical symmetry. Which among
the following is/are CORRECT statement(s)?

(A) 𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈
= =0
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃

(B) 𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈
= =0
𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑

(C) 𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈
≠ 0, =0
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃

(D) 𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈
≠ 0, =0
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜑

Page 27 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.53 In Magnetotelluric survey, three magnetic field components (Hx, Hy, Hz) and two
electric field components (Ex and Ey) are measured and two apparent resistivities
𝜌𝑥𝑦 and 𝜌𝑦𝑥 are computed. Which of the following is/are CORRECT?

(A) 𝜌𝑥𝑦 = 𝜌𝑦𝑥 over horizontally stratified layered structure

(B) 𝜌𝑥𝑦 = 𝜌𝑦𝑥 when 2D strike is in x-direction

(C) 𝜌𝑥𝑦 = 𝜌𝑦𝑥 when 2D strike is in y-direction

(D) 𝜌𝑥𝑦 = 𝜌𝑦𝑥 when 2D strike is at 45 from x-direction

Q.54 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) decomposes a matrix A into 3 orthogonal

matrices. If V is one of the orthogonal matrices, then which among the following
is/are CORRECT? (superscript T-represents transpose and I is the Identity matrix)

(A) 𝑉 𝑇 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑉 𝑇 ≠ 𝐼

(B) 𝑉 𝑇 𝑉 ≠ 𝑉𝑉 𝑇 ≠ 𝐼

(C) 𝑉𝑇𝑉 = 𝐼

(D) 𝑉𝑉 𝑇 = 𝐼

Page 28 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.55 If 𝑔𝐴 , 𝑔𝐵 and 𝑔𝐶 are the observed gravity values in a valley below mean sea level,
on a plane surface at mean sea level and on the top of a mountain above mean sea
level at the same latitude, respectively, then which of the following option(s) is/are
CORRECT?

(A) 𝑔𝐴 and 𝑔𝐵 less than 𝑔𝐶

(B) 𝑔𝐴 and 𝑔𝐶 less than 𝑔𝐵

(C) 𝑔𝐴 and 𝑔𝐵 more than 𝑔𝐶

(D) 𝑔𝐶 and 𝑔𝐵 less than 𝑔𝐴

Page 29 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.56 The CORRECT option(s) for the generation of point M in a seismic reflection
survey as shown in the given figure is/are

(A) The curvature of the reflector is greater than that of the incident wavefront

(B) Focusing effect

(C) Migration

(D) The curvature of the incident wavefront is greater than that of the reflector.

Page 30 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.57 In the X2 – T2 seismic reflection method, the travel time (T) is expressed as

𝑋 2 (𝐶4̅ 4 − 𝐶2̅ 4 )𝑋 4
𝑇 2 = 𝑇0 2 + −
𝐶2̅ 2 4𝑇02 𝐶2−8

T0 is the normal incidence two-way travel time at zero offset distance (X = 0), RMS
velocities 𝐶2̅ < 𝐶4̅ . Which of the following options apply(ies) to the third term?

(A) Heterogeneous medium

(B) Isotropic medium.

(C) Homogeneous medium

(D) Geometrical spreading to correct AVO data.

Q.58 The coefficient of electrical anisotropy and mean resistivity of a horizontally

stratified rock sample is 1.10 and 150 m, respectively. The longitudinal resistivity
of the rock sample is _______ m. [round off to 2 decimal places]

Q.59 The amplitude of a plane EM wave travelling vertically downward in a

−2
homogeneous medium of resistivity ‘’ decreases with depth as 𝑒 −(1.75×10 )𝑧 ,
where z is depth. If the frequency of the EM wave is 10 kHz, then the resistivity of
the medium is ________ m. (use 𝜇 = 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝐻/𝑚 and  = 3.14)
[round off to nearest integer]

Page 31 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.60 In a seismic survey using a Vibroseis source, the source wavelet used is S(t) = (0.3,
0.5, 0.6, 0.7) and the data acquired is X(t) = (0.5, 0.3, 0.7, 0.2) (as shown in the
figure). Consider the unit delay (lag) to be 0.1 second (i.e., two-way travel time),
which corresponds to a depth of 300 m. The cross correlation of S(t) with X(t) leads
to maximum cross-correlated value of ________ . [round off to 2 decimal places]

Page 32 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.61 In the given figure, the rupture propagates from left to right along a fault with a
rupture velocity of 1.5 km/sec. Given the P-wave velocity of the medium to be 6
km/sec, the apparent rupture time observed at point ‘O’ at the right edge of the fault
is _________ sec. [round off to nearest integer]

Q.62 Given the following well logging parameters

Flushed zone resistivity RXO = 0.4 m, Formation resistivity Rt = 5 m, Mud-
filtrate resistivity Rmf = 0.02 m, Formation water resistivity Rw = 0.10 m,
Tortuosity factor 𝑎 = 1, and Cementation and Saturation exponents 𝑚 = 𝑛 = 2,
Porosity = 30 %.

The movable hydrocarbon saturation is_________%. [round off to 1 decimal

places]

Q.63 The horizontal and vertical components of the geomagnetic field at a location are
40000 nT and 30000 nT, respectively. If the horizontal and vertical components of
the induced field at the same location are −1000 nT and −600 nT, respectively, then
the total magnetic field anomaly for that location is _______ nT. [round off to
nearest integer]

Page 33 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur
 Geology & Geophysics – Geophysics (GG2)

Q.64 There is a major water supply well in a fully saturated sandy medium which has a
porosity of 40% and a density of 2600 kg/m3. Water extracted from this well creates
a depression in the shape of a vertical cylinder to a depth of 300 m from the surface
and with a radius of 1000 m about the well. The maximum change in gravity
anomaly due to the 100% extraction of water is ___________ mGal. (use  = 3.14
and 𝐺 = 6.67 × 10−11 Nm2kg−2) [round off to 2 decimal places]

Q.65 The given figure is a seismogram of a local earthquake which occurred at a depth
of 10 km. Considering the P-wave and S-wave velocities as 6 km/s and 3 km/s
respectively for the medium, the epicentral distance is________ km. [round off to
nearest integer]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Page 34 of 34
Organizing Institute: IIT Kanpur