DPWH Standard
Specification for
ITEM 211 - Stone Column
ITEM 211 - Stone Column
• This Standard Specification was developed based on international
standards and other related references that were submitted to the
BRS by DPWH, Regional Office No. 7, which proposed/ initiated its
formulation for adoption in government infrastructure projects
that will utilize the new Item of Work
• The Standard Specification was deliberated upon and subsequently
confirmed by the DPWH Technical Committee created specifically
for this purpose and shall henceforth form part of the on-going
revision of the DPWH Standard Specifications Volume II, and is now
included in the PCMA.
Description
• This Item shall consist of furnishing and constructing stone columns
for soil stabilization in accordance with Plans and Specifications.
• Stone columns can be used to enhance the property of soft soil
beneath highway embankments where the shear strength of columns
is of great importance.
• It can also be used to support bridge approach fills, to provide
stability, and to reduce maintenance problem at the joint between
the fill and bridge.
• It is used when there is a need to improve the load bearing capacity
and reduce the settlement of the soil.
Stone Sources
• The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least within seven
(7) calendar days before operations begin or if a new source
of crushed stones is used, to allow the Engineer to have time
to observe the Contractor's stone sampling at the source.
• Crushed stones shall be brought to the site by the Contractor
only after receiving written authorization from the Engineer.
• No changes of stone sources, stone characteristics, or stone
gradations will be allowed without the approval of the
Engineer.
Aggregates
• Aggregates to be used for the construction of stone column shall
comply with ASTM D 448, shown hereunder as Table 211.2.1, Size
No. 57;
•
Construction of Stone Columns
Construction of Stone Columns
Construction of Stone Columns
Construction of Stone Columns
• Stone columns shall be constructed utilizing a vibro flot (poker
vibrator) or any equivalent equipment capable of reaching the depth
indicated in the plans and densifying the aggregate by forcing it
radially into the surrounding soil.
• The probe and follower tubes shall be of sufficient length to reach the
elevations shown on the Plans. The probe, used in combination with
the available pressure at the tip jet, shall be capable of penetrating
to the required tip elevation.
• The probe and follower tubes shall have visible markings at regular
increments to enable measurement of penetration and repenetration
depths.
• The probe shall penetrate into the foundation soil layer to the depths
required in the Plans.
Construction of Stone Columns
• Lift thickness shall not exceed 1.20 m. After penetration to the
treatment depth, the vibrator shall be slowly retrieved in 300 mm
to 450 mm increments to allow backfill placement.
• The backfill shall be compacted in each lift by repenetrating it at
least twice with the vibrating probe to densify and force the stone
into the surrounding soil.
• Construct the stone columns in such a manner that all the
necessary required activities will be done continuously until the
completion of each column.
• The Contractor shall furnish construction records including
completed stone column and equipment description, complete
test data, and analysis of the test data based on the modulus test
results.
Construction Tolerances
Plan Location Tolerance
• Stone column shall be installed within 150mm of the position shown on
the contract layout drawing for the vibro works.
Verticality Tolerance
• Stone column shall be constructed as near vertical as possible. The axis
of the stone column shall not be inclined from the vertical by more than
50 mm in three (3) m as indicated by the tilt of vibrator and follower
tubes. Verticality shall be checked before placing the aggregates for
stone column.
Stone Column Modulus Test
• Stone column Modulus/Uplift Load Test shall be performed at
locations determined by the Contractor and shall be approved by
the Engineer, to verify or modify stone column designs. Modulus
test procedures shall utilize appropriate provisions of ASTM D 1143,
Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations under Static Axial
Compressive Load.
Method of Measurements
• The measurement of the stone column shall be based on linear
meter of the completed stone column and accepted by the
Engineer
Basis of Payment
• The quantity to be paid for shall be in linear meter of the completed
stone column and accepted by the Engineer. Payment shall cover the
provisions of all equipment, material, labor, modulus test, and
construction of stone column.
• All works performed and accepted quantity measured as prescribed
in Subsection 211.4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for each of the particular item listed in the Bill of
Quantities, which price and payment shall constitute the full
compensation for the supply and construction of the stone column
and other incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in
this Item.
Payment shall be made under:
End...
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