MODULE 4

Citing
Sources
 What I need
t o know:
At the end of this presentation, you are expected to:

Define Citation
Explain the importance of citing sources
Recognize the difference between all manual style guides Create
citations for various sources with correct format according to e
formatting style guides.
 PURPOSE FOR CITING SOUR
-To give credit t o the original a u t h o r of a w o r k

PLAGIARISM is a serious offense in which someon

and uses the ideas, information, concepts,
arguments, or information of someone
intentionally unintentionally, without prop
citations.
 PURPOSE FOR CITING SOUR
-To p r o m o t e scholarly writing

Scholarly writing means that you are

exhaustively use related and existing
information, concepts, or arguments of an exper
properly attribute these to the original source.
 PURPOSE FOR CITING SOUR
-To help your t a r g e t audience identify your original s o

More often than not, your target audience or readers want to e

information or learn more information from the original s
proper citations, your target audience can easily identify the loc
original source used in your paper.
 Using Conventio
in cit ing s o ur ces

Give credit to the author/s of the source/s that you u

your project.
Provide readers with extended information about yo
source/s.
Prove that you are a credible writer.
Avoid plagiarism.
 Citing sour ces
helps a wr i t er to:

Avoid plagiarism a n d Provide credibil

01 maintain academic 03 work a n d place
credibility. in context,

02 Acknowledge the work of 04 Help future rese

others. easily locate so
 DireCtions:
Arrange the given letters t o f o r m a term.
1. MPSLAAIIGR

2. HPYOILARGIBB

3. TATICNOI

4. RREESACH

5. ALORM
 ReferenCing, Citing,
and Quoting
Whenever you quote from paraphrase, summaries, or use
anyone else's ideas, you must provide a citation in your
A reference does not just r
text and a full reference list. but also, images, diagram
performance, or any othe
Remember to include a citation in your
text a n d a full reference in your
reference list. While you're researchi
assignment, keep a recor
sources you use a n d note d
information you need for th
What is
Citation?
A CITATION is reference to the source of
information used in one's written work. In
a c a d e m i c writing, citing sources is a n
important skill one must learn. This does
not only prove one's honesty, but also
gives a glimpse on how a piece of
written work w a s constructed.
 F O RM S OF CITATION
There are only two forms of citation: IN-TEXT and REFER

IN-TEXT CITATION

It requires the writer to cite the details of the reference u

certain part of his/her work within the work itself.

The format of in-text citation varies per style.

Example of in-t e x t
Citation
Example of an In-t e x t Citatio

Two of the three reviewed studies focusing on communi

non-Internet and Internet relationships mediated by FtF
or email modalities linked to the strength of the particul
relationship ( C u m m i n g s et al., 2002).

In-text citatio
 F O RM S OF CITATION
There are only two forms of citation: IN-TEXT and REFERE

REFERENCE CITATION

It refers to complete bibliographic entry of a reference

the writer. This appears in the reference list at the last p
the paper.

The format of reference citation varies per style.

Example of ReferenCe Citation
References appear at the end of your written work.
They show you've used an idea from someone
else's work.

Example of a reference.
 Direct Quote/Direct Quotat
A direct quote is a word-for-word reproduction of someone else's work
Sometimes you might need to use a direct quote to highlight a particular i
quotes should be used sparingly. Using too many suggests that you haven'
the source material. Always enclose quotation marks and add a citation includ
number.
 REMEMBER!
These two forms of citation are dependent on each
other. Once a SOURCE is cited IN-TEXT,it should also a
in the REFERENCElist or else the writer may be accus
of plagiarism.
 MANUAL STYLE GUIDES
These CITATIONS are governed by RULES of STYLE and STRUCTU
are generally published as style guides or manuals.
The PUBLICATION MANUAL OF THEAMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSO
(APA)

THEMODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION STYLEGUIDE (MLA) INSTITUTE

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS (IEEE) AMERICAN MEDICAL

ASSOCIATION MANUAL OF STYLE(AMA) THECHICAGO MANUAL OF S

 MANUAL STYLE GUIDES
These CITATIONS are governed by RULES of STYLE and STRUCTU
are generally published as style guides or manuals.
(APA)- psychology, education, nursing, hotel and restaurant
management, business, economics, and other social sciences

(MLA)- literature, arts, and humanities (IEEE)- engineering

(AMA)- medicine, health sciences, and other natural sciences THECHICAG

humanities, reference books, non-academic

periodicals (e.g., newspapers, magazines, journals, among others).
GUIDELINES IN
IN-TEXT
CITATIONS
Cite the work you paraphrase in the text using either the narrativ
parenthetical citations.

EXAMPLE:

NARRATIVE CITATION (Paraphrase):

According to Black et al. (2018), avid readers of science fictio
books are more likely than the readers of other genres to believe
scenarios.

PARENTHETICAL CITATION (Paraphrase):

Avid readers of science fiction and fantasy books are more like
of other genres to believe in futuristic scenarios (Black et al., 20
 The For m at of IN-TEXT vary per
style & format:

APA
> Follows the author's last name, year (la
publication method. APA encourages y
indicate the p a g e numbers even in parap
or summaries. Place the period after the
when it is at the end of the sentenc
 The For m at of IN-TEXT vary per
style & format:

APA
(Sipacio, 2019)
Sipacio (2019, p.12)
(Sipacio & Barrot, 2019)
(Sipacio et al., 2019)
 The For m at of IN-TEXT vary per
style & format:

MLA
> Follows the author's last n a m e - p
method. Note that the author's n a m e
appear in the sentence, but the p a
number should always be in the
parenthetical citation a n d not in
sentence.
 & T h e For m at of IN-TEXT vary
per style & format:

MLA
According to Sipacio (12)
Sipacio (12)
(Sipacio a n d Barrot 178-180)
(Sipacio et al. 46)
 The For m at of in-t ex t vary per sty

IEEE
> In this style, there is no need to n a m e the
p a g e number, or date of publication in the
citation. Instead, the references are num
according to the order in which they were
the text. The reference numbers which ap
the text have to be enclosed in bracke
 & T h e For m at of IN-TEXT vary
per style & format:

IEEE
Sipacio claimed that the IEEE style is compex [1].
There are reasons why it has been claimed that using an I
formatting style is complex [1].
 The For m at of in-t ex t vary per sty

AMA
>This style follows as with the IEEE editorial style, there
need to a d d the author, date, or year of publica
the in-text citation. Instead, each reference is assi
number according to the order in which it was cited in the
number reference is placed in superscript aft
period in the sentence.
 & T h e For m at of IN-TEXT vary
per style & format:

AMA
AMA style is required for health science majo
AMA style is required for health science majo
1,2

"Beginners found the AMA style guide too

complex."1
 The For m at of in-t ex t vary per sty

Chi cago
>There are two varieties in the Chicago style: (1
a n d bibliography a n d (2) author-date. The "no
bibliography" system is commonly used by professionals in
of literature, history, and the arts, while the "author-date"
preferred by those working in the sciences and social sc
 & T h e For m at of IN-TEXT vary
per style & format:

Chicago
Notes-Bibliography:

-Beginners found 1
2
-According to Sipacio
 & T h e For m at of IN-TEXT vary
per style & format:

Chicago
Author-date:

- (Sipacio 2019, 12)

- Sipacio (2019, 12)
- (Sipacio a n d Barrot 2019, 178-180)
- (Sipacio et al. 2019, 46)
 GUIDELINES IN
REFERENCE
CITATION
USING
APA STYLE GUIDE
 (Reference List)

*APA ( 7 t h edition)
The following guidelines will help you to properly format your refe
APA Style:
Begin the reference list on a new page after the text.

Place the section label “References” in bold at the top of the page, centered.

Order the reference list entries alphabetically by author.

Double-space the entire reference list (both within and between entries)

Apply a hanging indent of 0.5 inches to each reference list entry, meaning tha

all lines after the first line of each entry should be indented 0.5 inches from t
Italicize the titles. When the article title is used, italicized
journal title.

For online sources, make sure to remove the hyperlink

URL/ (direct link).

For print sources, place a period at the end of the entry.

Put "n.d.”, which means no date for sources with NO DA

For work with one to twenty (1-20) authors, include all a
an ampersand before the final author’s name.

For a work with 21 or more authors, include the first 19 a

names, insert an ellipsis (…) but no ampersand, and then
final author’s name.
 Journal Article with DOI
Author Date/Year of publication Title of the ar

Slethaug, G.E. (2018). The paradoxical double in Le Guin’s A Wizard

Earthsea. Extrapolation, 27(4),
326-333. https://doi.org/10.3828/extr.1986.27.4.326

Title of the journal

Pages Issue N
(italicized)
ava
DOI or Volume Number
Digital Object Identifier
 Articles f r o m an Online Jou
Author(s) Title of the of
Date/Year article
publication

Guthrie, K. & McCraken, H. (2010). Reflective pedagogy: Making meaning in

based online coursed. Journal of Educators Online, 7(2),
1-21. https://www.thejeo.com/Archives/Volume7Number2/GuthriePaper

Pages

Title of the journal Issue N

(italicized)
Retrieved from... (URL) Volume Number
available
 Book S e c t i o n s
Date/Year of publication
In Edit
Author Title of the chapter

Bancroft, J. (2019). Light microscopy. In S.K. Suvarna, C. Layt

Bancroft (Eds.), Bancroft's Theory and practice of histo
techniques (5th ed) (pp. 25-30).
Elsevier, Limited.

Title of the book

(with pages of the chapter) Publisher's name
 Book with one (1) author

Author Date/Year of publication Title of the book

Diestel, R. (2018). Graph theory. Springer.

Publisher's name
 Book w i t h t w o ( 2 ) a u t h o
Date/Year of publication Title of the book
Author(s)

Barrot, J., & Sipacio, P.J. (2019). Communicate today: Eng

academic and professional purposes for senior high
C and E Publishing, Inc.

Publisher's name
 B o o k wi t h t hr ee ( 3 ) author
Date/Year of publication Title of the
Author(s)

Frontera, W., Silver, J., & Rizzo, T. (2019). Essentials of physical

medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier, Inc.

Publisher's name
 Book with twenty (2 0 ) a u t h o
In the new APA Style Guide 7th edition if you have more than 1 or two or even
must include them in the reference list.

Author(s) Date/Year of publication

Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewi
Lee, L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., C
C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2019). Spiker's turf:
Essentials of volleyball for beginners. NU Publishing, Inc.

Publisher's name

ellipsis Title of the book

 Conference Proceedings
Author Date/Year of publication Conference paper t

Sipacio, P.J. (2019). Perceived effectiveness of zero plastic waste

Philippine cities: A policy review with recommendations for inno
sustainability. Proceedings from 2019 international confe
Social Sciences, Philippines (pp. 7-15). C&E Publishing

Proceedings title (with pages) Publisher's name

 Internet S o u r c e s
Author Date/Year of Publication Title of th
(n.d.). = no date

OWL Purdue University Online Writing Lab. (n.d.). APA S

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10

Retrieved from... (URL)

J o u r n a l A r t i c l e s with one (1) a
Author Date/Year of publication Title of the artic

Chung, E. (2018). Revisiting second language vocabulary te

Insights from Hong Kong in-service teachers.
The Asia Pacific Education Researcher, 27(6), 499 - 5

Title of the journal (issue no.) pag

Volume No.
Journal Articles with two (2) au

Author(s) Date/Year of publication

Title of the art

Nikula, P., & Kivisto, J. (2018). Hiring education agents for int
student recruitment: Perspectives from Agency Theory. H
Education Policy, 31(4), 535-557.

pa
Title of the journal Volume No. (issue
no.)
 Journal Articles w i t h t h r e e ( 3 ) au
Author(s) Date/Year of publication
Title of the arti

Barrios, A., Bolanos, E., Cequena, M., Barrot, J., & Gabinete,
Investigating the reltionship between college students' self-p
and actual performance in reading and in writing. Philipp
Journal, 11,23.

Title of the journal Volume No.

 J o u r n a l A r t i c l e s w i t h twe nty ( 2 0 ) a
In the new APA Style Guide 7th edition if you have more than 1 or two or even 20 au
include them in the reference list.
Author(s) Date/Year of publication Title of the artic

Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T.
L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D
Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2020).
perceptions of college students on volleyball. Journal of Physical Educat
54.

ellipsis
Volume (Issue Pages Title o
number Number)
 Personal Communication
Cite personal communication in text only
(in-text)
Author
Date & year

NARRATIVE CITATION:

T.K. Lutes (personal communication, November 30, 2019)

PARENTHETICAL CITATION:

(S. Tabiola, personal communication, November 30, 2019)

Personal communication like through text messages, emails, and in

 Same author in the same year
-Include a small letter indicator (e.g. a, b, c...) after the date of publication
within the parentheses.
Letter indicator beside date

Barrot, J. S. (2013a). A macro perspective on key issues in English as a

language (ESL) pedagogy in the postmethod era: Confronting challenge
soclocognitive-transformative approach. The Asia Pacific Educa
Researcher. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.15604

Barrot J. S. (2013b). Revisiting the role linguistic complexity in ESL rea

comprehension. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Lan
Studies. https://core.kmi.open.ac.uk./download/pdf/11494968.pdf
Letter indicator beside date
 Thesis and Dissertation
Thesis or Di
Author Date/Year of publication title (form

Sipacio, P.J. (2018). Partnering for innovation: Towards a university

collaboration ecosystem model (Unpublished doctoral disserta
De La Salle University, Manila.

Location of Institutio
Name of Institution
 Published Thesis
In the new APA Style Guide 7th edition if you have more than 1 or two or even
must include them in the reference list.

Author(s) Date/Year of publication

Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis,
L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbe
Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2019).
The use and awareness of library services and resources among the Cebu Doctors’ University stu
[Undergraduate thesis, Cebu Doctors’ University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global .
https://xxxxx

Master’s Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation, Institution’s Nam

Awarding the Degree Database
URL
ellipsis Title of the thesis Name
 Unpublished Thesis
In the new APA Style Guide 7th edition if you have more than 1 or two or even
must include them in the reference list.

Author(s) Date/Year of publication

Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis,
L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbe
Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2019).
The use and awareness of library services and resources among the Cebu Doctors’ University stu
[Unpublished undergraduate thesis]. Cebu Doctors’ University.

Institution’s Name Award

Unpublished master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation

ellipsis Thesis Title

 Do you have any
queries/questions or
clarifications about the
 Announcement!
COVERAGE FOR
ENGLISH 3S- MIDTERM
EXAMINATION
Module 1- 4
MODULE 1- Fundamentals of Reading AcademicTexts and N
Academic Texts

MODULE 2- Locating the Main Idea

MODULE 3-Evaluating Sources

MODULE 4-Citing Sources