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Rejuvenation

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anjalimehta202004
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33 views20 pages

Rejuvenation

Uploaded by

anjalimehta202004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REJUVENATION C O U R S E :

S E
B . A . G E O G R A P H Y
M E S T E R : I
P A P E R C O D E : G E O M I C 3 0 3
P A P E R N A M E : P H Y S I C A L G E O G R A P H Y
F A C U L T Y M E M B E R N A M E : A I S H W A R Y A R A J
( D E P A R T M E N T O F G E O G R A P H Y )

T H E AC T I O N O F R E S TO R I N G A R I V E R O R S T R E A M TO A
C O N D I T I O N C H A R AC T E R I S T I C O F A YO U N G E R
LANDSCAPE.
INTRODUCTION:
The three main stages of ‘normal cycle of erosion’ according to Davis are-
• YOUTH
• MATURITY
• OLD AGE
This cycle of erosion is extremely long and the tectonic conditions are
rarely stable , this hinders the completion of cycle of erosion during that
time frame and reduce the uplifted land mass to a flat , featureless plain
(peneplain).
• Rejuvenation simply means acceleration of erosive power of the fluvial
process (rivers) caused by a variety of factors.
• Rejuvenation lengthens the period of cycle of erosion.
CAUSES OF REJUVENATION
1) Dynamic Rejuvenation
Causes-
Upliftment in the landmass
Tilting of land area
Lowering of outlet
2) Eustatic Rejuvenation
Causes-
Changes in sea level due to – diastrophic events like
subsidence of sea floor or rise coastal land
Glaciation causing fall in sea level
3) Static Rejuvenation
Causes-
Decrease in the river load
Increase in the volume of water and Consequent stream
discharge due to increased rainfall or melt water.
Increase in water volume of the main river due to river
capture.- lowering of outlets of stream also causes
rejuvenation due to release of extra volume of water in the
concerned river. Eg. Due to river capture, volume of water
in a river suddenly increases .
TOPOGRAPHY AS A RESULT OF
REJUVENATION
• The typical landforms resulting from interruptions in the
fluvial cycle of erosion and from rejuvenation resulting in
the formation of mosaic of poly or multi cyclic landforms
include, topographic discordance, valley in valley or multi
storeyed valleys , uplifted peneplains, incised meanders ,
paired terraces, Knick points, etc.
• Topographic Discordance- it refers to the creation of older
topographic forms above and younger forms below.
• When the topographic accordance or uniformity from the top
of the river valley to its bottom is not maintained rather is
disturbed due to interruption in fluvial cycle or erosion
caused by rejuvenation, the resultant topographic expression
is called Topographic Unconformity or Discordance.
• Wherein the upper part of the valley reveals the sign of senile
(old) or mature stage but the lowest part of the valley belongs
to youth stage.
• Uplifted peneplain- these are formed due to interruption
caused by rejuvenation consequent which upon regional
upliftment. The uplifted peneplains are represented by their
remnants of accordant summit levels lies above the general
ground surface of the present day planation surface.

• Uplifted peneplains are infact, the results of successive cycles


of erosion, wherein, several fluvial cycles of erosion are
completed in succession.
• Eg- Applachian mountains.
• INCISED MEANDERS-

• Incised meanders are meanders which are particularly well


developed and occur when a river’s base level has fallen
giving the river a large amount of vertical erosion power,
allowing it to downcut. There are two types of incised
meanders, entrenched meanders and ingrown meanders.
• Entrenched meanders are symmetrical and form when the
river downcuts particularly quickly. Due to the speed which
the river downcuts, there is little opportunity for lateral
erosion to occur giving them their symmetrical shape.

• Ingrown meanders are asymmetrical. They form when the


river downcuts at a less rapid pace, giving the river
opportunity to erode laterally as well as vertically.
• RIVER TERRACES

• A rejuvenating river can erode vertically into the former flood plain to
produce features called river terraces. If vertical erosion is rapid
then paired terraces are formed either side of the channel. If vertical
erosion is slower though, unpaired terraces form as the river is given
opportunity to meander.

• River terraces are particularly useful for settlements as they provide


flat areas above the present floodplain. Oxford, Cambridge and
London all developed on the river terraces of the Isis, Cam and
Thames respectively.
KNICK POINTS OR NICK POINTS

• It represents breaks in slopes in the longitudinal profile of a


river caused by rejuvenation.
• This is why nick point is also called as head of rejuvenation.
• These breaks in channel gradient or nick point denotes sudden
drops of elevation in the longitudinal profile of the river and
allow water to fall down vertically giving birth to water falls of
varying dimensions .
RAPID WATERFALL
• A hydrological feature between a
smoothly flowing part of stream of a • A water flowing over an erosion-
river and a sudden downpour of water, . resistant rock. It forms due to
• Water current is fast and rough . sudden break in elevation or knick
• Pillow rapid in west Virginia on river point.
Gauley , Godzilla rapid in Equador on • A permanent flow of water over the
river Rio Upano , Lava Falls – Colorado edge of an erosion resistant cliff.
River( N.A)
• Water is shallower at the cliff and
• Indus River in Ladakh, Barapole River,
Coorg, Beas River, Kulluand
then a downpour forming a pool.
Manali, River Ganga in Rishikesh,Lohit • Eg: Jog Falls in Karnataka, Joranda
River, Arunachal Pradesh,Spiti River, falls in Odisha,etc.
Himachal Pradesh,Bhagirathi River,
Uttarakhand
Study Well!

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