61

CASR PART
GUIDE FOR
AEROPLANE CATEGORY
FLIGHT CREW LICENSING
PLAIN ENGLISH GUIDE

VERSION 1.0JULY 2024

CASR PART 61 | PLAIN ENGLISH GUIDE | VERSION 1.0
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About this guide

Part 61 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations We are committed to providing you with
1998 (CASR) and its associated Manual of accurate, consistent and clear information to
Standards (MOS) sets out the applicable flight help you understand your legal obligations.
crew licensing regulations. All efforts have been made to ensure the
information contained in this guide was correct at
This Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA)
the time of publication. However, the information
plain English guide summarises and restates
is subject to change without notice. You should
flight crew licensing regulations from Part 61,
ensure you are using the most current version
its associated MOS and relevant advisory
of the guide, which can be found on the CASA
documents. This guide reorganises the
website. Please visit the CASA website regularly
information contained in these documents to
for updates.
make it easier for you to find, understand and
apply the flight crew licensing rules.
By following this guide, it is expected you will
comply with the flight crew licensing rules. The
guide provides references to the corresponding
legislation so you can easily refer to the full
text of the CASR and the MOS. The current
legislation can be found on the Federal Register
of Legislation website.

Disclaimer: The guide has been prepared by ISBN: 978-1-76137-045-8 (PDF)

CASA for information purposes only and while ISBN: 978-1-76137-046-5 (Print)
every effort has been made to ensure the
© 2024 Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
contents accurately conform to the civil aviation
legislation, this guide is not the law. CASA accepts
no liability for damages or liability of any kind
resulting from its use.
CASA is responsible for the safety regulation of With the exception of the Coat of Arms and
civil air operations in Australian territory and for all photos and graphics, this publication
the regulation of Australian-registered aircraft is licensed under a Creative Commons
outside Australian territory. Attribution – Non-Commercial 4.0 International
Licence. This licence allows you to distribute,
For further information, visit CASA’s website
remix, adapt, and build upon the material in
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is given to the Civil Aviation Safety Authority.
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Quick guide

Chapter 1 Chapter 6
Understanding the purposes, Design feature endorsements
functions and key concepts of Details the requirement for obtaining
licensing a design feature endorsement, for
Includes the purpose of the licensing example, tailwheel undercarriage, gas
system, the related function of various turbine engine and floatplane design
bodies and agencies and key concepts feature endorsements.
in the licensing process (e.g. applying
for an ARN, identity checks and Chapter 7
logbook requirements). Low-level rating and associated
endorsements
Chapter 2 Details the requirements for obtaining
General requirements for a low-level endorsement and
gaining a pilot licence, rating or mustering endorsement including
endorsement alternative pathways and the conduct
Includes the legislative requirements of air displays.
for obtaining a pilot licence
(aeroplane) and associated ratings Chapter 8
or endorsements. It details, for Aerial application rating and
example, English language proficiency associated endorsements
requirements, medical requirements
and recognition of hours. Details the requirements of an aerial
application rating which is required
to conduct aerial application flight
Chapter 3 operations (below 500 ft AGL) and
Student pilots includes firefighting endorsements.
Describes administrative matters,
medical requirements, recency and Chapter 9
authorisations for student pilots. Flight activity endorsements
Details the specific requirements for
Chapter 4 obtaining a flight activity endorsement
Pilot licences and required ratings which include aerobatic flight,
and endorsements formation flying, spinning flight and
Details the requirements to gain a formation aerobatic flight.
pilot licence and your obligations,
privileges and limitations once you Chapter 10
have achieved your licence and any Instrument ratings
required ratings and endorsements.
Details the requirements to gain an
The licences detailed in this chapter are: instrument rating and your obligations,
› recreational pilot licence (RPL) privileges and limitations once you
have achieved your instrument rating.
› private pilot licence (PPL) The instrument ratings detailed in this
› commercial pilot licence (CPL) chapter are:

› air transport pilot licence (ATPL) › instrument rating (other

than private)
› multi-crew pilot licence (MPL).
› private instrument rating
Chapter 5 › night rating.
Aircraft category, class and type
ratings
Details the difference between, and
how to gain, an aircraft category
rating, class rating and type rating
(if required).

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Chapter 11 Chapter 16
Pilot instructor ratings Recognition of overseas
Details how you obtain and maintain authorisations, licences and
an instructor rating and any associated proficiency checks
endorsement. It also details your Details the specific requirements for
obligations as they relate to training recognising foreign flight crew licences,
and supervising students. The pilot type ratings, operational ratings and
instructor rating allows for the grant endorsements.
of both:
› a flight instructor rating Chapter 17
Bilateral agreements
› a simulator instructor rating. Details how CASA may grant a licence,
rating or endorsement to you in
Chapter 12 accordance with a bilateral agreement
Flight examiner rating and between Australia and the contracting
associated endorsements state who granted your licence. For
Details the specific requirements for example, holders of New Zealand
obtaining a flight examiner rating, professional flight crew licences (CPL
associated endorsements and and ATPL) may apply for the equivalent
proficiency checks. It also details the qualifications in Australia.
privileges and limitations of the flight
examiner rating and how you may Chapter 18
apply for the rating. Recognition of Australian Defence
Force qualifications
Chapter 13 Details how you may be able to
Transitioning a Part 5 of CAR obtain a flight crew licence, rating, or
licence endorsement if you hold, or have held,
Details the requirements for holders a flight crew qualification granted by
of a Part 5 of CAR licence (you can no the ADF equivalent to a CASA licence,
longer exercise the privileges of your rating or endorsement.
Part 5 of CAR licence).

Chapter 14 Appendices
Converting a helicopter category
licence to an aeroplane category
licence
Details the specific requirements for
holders of an Australian helicopter
pilot licence wishing to obtain an
Australian aeroplane category licence.

Chapter 15
Recognition of pilot certificates
granted by sport aviation bodies
Details how pilot certificates and
endorsements granted by sports
aviation bodies may be recognised
for the issue of an aeroplane
recreational pilot licence or associated
endorsement.

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Who is this guide for? Part 61 (regulation 61.015) applies to the

following aircraft categories:

This plain English guide is for aeroplane › aeroplane

category pilots, flight training providers, aerial › helicopter
work operators and air transport operators.
For other categories (for example, helicopter › powered-lift aircraft
category) please refer to the applicable plain › gyroplane
English guide or Part 61.
› airship.
This guide provides aeroplane category flight
Note: Part 61 (regulation 61.020) details
crew licensing information to assist you to:
6 aircraft class ratings:
^ understand the purposes, functions and
key concepts of licensing Category Class rating
applicable
^ apply for a pilot licence, rating and
endorsement single-engine
^ understand the privileges and limitations aeroplane
of the licences, ratings and endorsements Aeroplane
multi-engine
^ understand circumstances relating to aeroplane
other licences, ratings or endorsements,
such as overseas and Australian Defence single-engine
Force (ADF) recognition, aircraft radio Helicopter
helicopter
operation, flying without a rating or
endorsement, etc. Powered lift power-lift
aircraft aircraft

When applying for your initial flight crew licence single-engine

(FCL) you must also apply for a class or type Gyroplane
gyroplane
rating in a specified category of aircraft.

Airship airship

This guide is specifically for aeroplane category licensing:

includes
multi-engine centreline
thrust aeroplane

single-engine aeroplanes
(CLASS)

includes multi-engine
Aeroplane
aeroplanes prescribed
(CATEGORY)
under 61.050

multi-engine aeroplane
(CLASS)

Aeroplane means an aeroplane that has flight controls providing control of the aeroplane in
three axes. This includes a touring motor glider being operated under the general operating and
flight rules (Part 91).

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How to use this guide For improved understanding, this guide includes
exceptions, notes and comments

In this guide, certain words have been defined to › exceptions − certain regulations set out a
avoid repetition and improve readability. principal legal requirement that in certain
circumstances can be varied, or in some cases
Abbreviations and acronyms are listed in ignored. You must read these exceptions to
Appendix 1 and definitions specific to Part 61 understand the requirements fully.
Flight crew licensing are set out in the definitions
table in Appendix B. › notes − these are included as they appear in
the regulations.
In this guide (unless stated › comments − for certain regulations,
otherwise), the word ‘you’ you will find additional comments to
refers to the pilot. assist in explaining the requirement.
This commentary is not intended to
Where we do not define a word, you should introduce any new requirement, but to
consider its meaning to be that given in CASR provide a more detailed explanation.
Part 1 Dictionary, other specific regulations or the The comments are generally based
Macquarie Dictionary. on CASA’s Advisory Circulars (AC), Civil
Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAP)
and Guidance Material (GM).

The following terminology table has been created to improve readability:

Term Meaning
aeroplane an aeroplane that has flight controls providing control of the aeroplane in three axes
and includes a touring motor glider being operated under Part 91
aircraft fixed-wing, rotary-wing powered aircraft and balloons
approval if this guide refers to holding an approval under regulation 61.040, you may apply in
under writing to CASA for the approval. CASA must grant this approval subject to regulation
regulation 11.055 and any criteria specified in Part 61 or its associated MOS.
61.040
flight crew refers to any pilot, not necessarily the pilot in command (PIC)
member
licence a document issued by CASA indicating that you are authorised to exercise the
privileges of a licence (and its associated ratings and endorsements) including an
authorisation that was granted to the holder before 1st September 2014 under Part 5
of CAR or a relevant CAO
may indicates an option in the context of the requirement
MOS refers to Part 61 Manual of Standards (MOS) unless otherwise specified
must indicates an obligation or necessity (i.e. a mandatory requirement)
Part refers to Part 61 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR) unless
otherwise specified
Part 61 refers to Part 61 (Flight Crew Licensing) of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998
(CASR) and its associated Manual of Standards (MOS)
Part 141 refers to Part 141 (Recreational, private and commercial pilot flight training, other than
certain integrated training courses) of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)

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Term Meaning
Part 142 refers to Part 142 (Integrated and multi-crew pilot flight training, contracted recurrent
training and contracted checking) of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)
a pilot refers to any flight crew member (not necessarily the pilot in command)
PIC (pilot in the pilot designated as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of
command) the flight
regulations refers to the Australian civil aviation legislation, noting specific reference is made to the
Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) (United States) and European Aviation Safety Agency
(EASA) (European) regulations where necessary
subpart unless otherwise specified, a subordinate part of Part 61

Other references

Flight Crew Licensing Manual Flight Examiner Handbook

The Flight Crew Licensing Manual (FCLM) The Flight Examiner Handbook (FEH) contains
provides detailed guidance on the administrative requirements and recommendations relating to
procedures for the granting of ratings and flight tests, proficiency checks, standards, policy
endorsements and the recording requirements and procedures.
for proficiency checks and flight reviews.
The handbook is mainly used by:
› flight examiners
› 61.040 approval holders
› CASA inspectors and examiners
› applicants for a flight crew authorisation.

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Contents

CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSES, FUNCTIONS AND KEY

CONCEPTS OF LICENSING 15
1.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.2 Part 61 of CASR....................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.3 How the Part 61 MOS relates.............................................................................................................................. 16
1.4 Flight crew licensing............................................................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Regulating flight crew licensing........................................................................................................................... 17
1.6 CASA’s licensing functions.................................................................................................................................... 18
1.7 CASA record keeping............................................................................................................................................. 19
1.8 The role of legislative and non‑legislative instruments................................................................................. 19
1.9 Approvals issued under Part 61......................................................................................................................... 20
1.10 Qualification standard for flight simulation training devices..................................................................... 20
1.11 The role of the International Civil Aviation Organization............................................................................ 21
1.12 Recognised foreign states.................................................................................................................................. 21
1.13 How licences, ratings and endorsements relate to each other............................................................... 21
1.14 Aircraft category, class and types explained................................................................................................. 29
1.15 Prescription of aircraft classes, ratings and variants................................................................................... 30
1.16 Conduct of unauthorised activities.................................................................................................................. 32
1.17 A summary of how to get your licence, endorsement or rating............................................................... 32
1.18 Security requirements for pilots....................................................................................................................... 33
1.19 Applying for an aviation reference number (ARN)....................................................................................... 33
1.20 Licence styles........................................................................................................................................................ 34
1.21 Eligibility to apply for a pilot licence online.................................................................................................... 36
1.22 Reprinting your licence....................................................................................................................................... 36
1.23 Expired licences.................................................................................................................................................... 36
1.24 Obligations of holders of flight crew licences and certificates of validation.......................................... 37
1.25 Identity checks...................................................................................................................................................... 37
1.26 Provision of photograph..................................................................................................................................... 37
1.27 Production of licence documents, medical certificates and identification............................................ 37
1.28 Logbooks................................................................................................................................................................ 38
1.29 Authorisation to test aircraft without holding type rating......................................................................... 40
1.30 Conduct of adventure flights............................................................................................................................. 40
1.31 Conduct of community service flights............................................................................................................. 41
1.32 Conduct of parachute operations.................................................................................................................... 41
1.33 Conduct of air displays, including aerobatics practice................................................................................ 42

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CHAPTER 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAINING A PILOT LICENCE,

RATING OR ENDORSEMENT 43
2.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 44
2.2 Who is eligible to be granted an Australian flight crew licence................................................................... 44
2.3 Flight training providers........................................................................................................................................ 45
2.4 English language proficiency requirements..................................................................................................... 46
2.5 Training activities without a licence, rating or endorsement....................................................................... 49
2.6 Training in an approved simulator..................................................................................................................... 49
2.7 Medical certificate requirements........................................................................................................................ 50
2.8 Carriage of personal documents by licence holders..................................................................................... 55
2.9 Aeronautical knowledge examinations............................................................................................................. 56
2.10 Where to find specific licence, rating or endorsement flight training competency requirements.. 59
2.11 Flight test requirements..................................................................................................................................... 60
2.12 Application requirements for your licence, rating or endorsement........................................................ 62
2.13 Granting of a licence, rating or endorsement............................................................................................... 63
2.14 Flight training requirements.............................................................................................................................. 65
2.15 Flight time and aeronautical experience........................................................................................................ 65
2.16 Flight reviews and proficiency checks............................................................................................................. 68
2.17 CASA cancellation of a legacy licence, rating or endorsement................................................................. 71
2.18 Courses of training or professional development....................................................................................... 71
2.19 Pilot certificates (issued by a sport aircraft body)........................................................................................ 71
2.20 Recognition of hours in other than a registered and recognised aircraft............................................. 71

CHAPTER 3 STUDENT PILOTS 73

3.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 74
3.2 Identification requirements for student pilots................................................................................................ 74
3.3 Production of medical certificates etc. and identification when requested............................................ 74
3.4 When you can fly as a student pilot................................................................................................................... 75
3.5 When you can fly as a student pilot with a recreational pilot licence (RPL)............................................. 75
3.6 Requirements for solo flight................................................................................................................................ 76
3.7 Solo flight medical requirements........................................................................................................................ 76
3.8 Solo flight recent experience requirements.................................................................................................... 77
3.9 Aircraft taxi authorisation..................................................................................................................................... 77

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CHAPTER 4 PILOT LICENCES AND REQUIRED RATINGS AND ENDORSEMENTS 79

4.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 80
4.2 Limitations on pilot licences – general.............................................................................................................. 82
4.3 Aircraft category requirements........................................................................................................................... 82
4.4 Aircraft class rating requirements...................................................................................................................... 83
4.5 Aircraft type rating requirements....................................................................................................................... 83
4.6 Aircraft ratings, endorsements and design feature requirements............................................................ 83
4.7 Carriage of passengers......................................................................................................................................... 86
4.8 Medical requirements........................................................................................................................................... 87
4.9 Aviation English language proficiency requirements..................................................................................... 87
4.10 Removal of pilot licence airspace conditions................................................................................................ 87
4.11 Recreational pilot licence (RPL)......................................................................................................................... 88
4.12 Private pilot licence (PPL)................................................................................................................................... 92
4.13 Commercial pilot licence (CPL).......................................................................................................................... 96
4.14 Air transport pilot licence (ATPL)...................................................................................................................... 98
4.15 Multi-crew pilot licence (MPL).........................................................................................................................104

CHAPTER 5 AIRCRAFT CATEGORY, CLASS AND TYPE RATINGS 109

5.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................110
5.2 Aircraft category requirements.........................................................................................................................110
5.3 Aircraft class rating requirements....................................................................................................................111
5.4 Aircraft type rating requirements (pilot ratings)...........................................................................................113
5.5 Differences training requirements...................................................................................................................120

CHAPTER 6 DESIGN FEATURE ENDORSEMENTS 121

6.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................122
6.2 Granting of a design feature endorsement...................................................................................................122
6.3 Design feature endorsement requirements..................................................................................................122

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CHAPTER 7 LOW-LEVEL RATING AND ASSOCIATED ENDORSEMENTS 123

7.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................124
7.2 Requirements for the grant of a low‑level rating..........................................................................................124
7.3 Low-level and mustering endorsement requirements...............................................................................124
7.4 Limitations of a low‑level rating........................................................................................................................126
7.5 Recency requirements........................................................................................................................................126
7.6 Flight review requirements................................................................................................................................127
7.7 Aerial mustering – alternative pathway...........................................................................................................128
7.8 Approval to conduct mustering training.........................................................................................................129
7.9 Conduct of air displays including aerobatics practice.................................................................................130
7.10 Dropping operations (miscellaneous)...........................................................................................................130

CHAPTER 8 AERIAL APPLICATION RATING AND ASSOCIATED ENDORSEMENTS 131

8.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................132
8.2 Requirements for the grant of an aerial application rating.......................................................................132
8.3 Aerial application endorsement requirements.............................................................................................132
8.4 Supervision requirements..................................................................................................................................134
8.5 Limitations of an aerial application rating......................................................................................................134
8.6 Recency requirements........................................................................................................................................134
8.7 Aerial application proficiency check validity and requirements................................................................135
8.8 Operators approved to conduct training for the issue of firefighting endorsements........................135

CHAPTER 9 FLIGHT ACTIVITY ENDORSEMENTS 137

9.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................138
9.2 Kinds of flight activity endorsements...............................................................................................................139
9.3 Requirements for the grant of a flight activity endorsement....................................................................140
9.4 Limitations of a flight activity endorsement...................................................................................................140

CHAPTER 10 INSTRUMENT RATINGS 141

10.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................142
10.2 Instrument rating (other than private)..........................................................................................................142
10.3 Private instrument ratings...............................................................................................................................147
10.4 Night VFR rating (NVFR).....................................................................................................................................151

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CHAPTER 11 PILOT INSTRUCTOR RATINGS 155

11.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................156
11.2 Private pilots – granting a flight instructor rating.......................................................................................156
11.3 Principles and methods of instruction (PMI)...............................................................................................156
11.4 Flight instructor grades.....................................................................................................................................157
11.5 Training endorsement......................................................................................................................................158
11.6 Operational rating or flight activity training endorsement......................................................................158
11.7 Instrument of approval and exemptions applicable to flight instructors............................................158
11.8 Proficiency check................................................................................................................................................159
11.9 Occupying a flight control seat.......................................................................................................................159
11.10 Basic instrument flight training....................................................................................................................159
11.11 Conducting flight training or a flight test without holding a type rating............................................160
11.12 Flight instructor rating....................................................................................................................................160
11.13 Simulator instructor rating............................................................................................................................169
11.14 Obligations of pilot instructors.....................................................................................................................174

CHAPTER 12 FLIGHT EXAMINER RATING AND ASSOCIATED ENDORSEMENTS 177

12.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................178
12.2 Flight examiner rating course.........................................................................................................................179
12.3 Applying for a flight examiner rating and associated endorsements...................................................180
12.4 Requirements for the granting of a flight examiner rating......................................................................180
12.5 Privileges of flight examiner ratings...............................................................................................................181
12.6 Limitations on flight examiner ratings..........................................................................................................181
12.7 Endorsement requirements for a flight examiner.....................................................................................182
12.8 Obligations of a flight examiner......................................................................................................................185
12.9 Pilot in command during a flight test............................................................................................................186
12.10 Occupying a flight control seat.....................................................................................................................187
12.11 Recency requirements...................................................................................................................................187
12.12 Proficiency and professional development requirements....................................................................187

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CHAPTER 13 TRANSITIONING A PART 5 OF CAR LICENCE 191

13.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................192
13.2 Grant of a new authorisation based on an old authorisation................................................................192
13.3 Transition requirements...................................................................................................................................192
13.4 Student pilot licence..........................................................................................................................................193
13.5 Radio operator certificate................................................................................................................................193
13.6 Approval to taxi an aircraft..............................................................................................................................194
13.7 Aircraft class and type ratings.........................................................................................................................194
13.8 Flight activity endorsements............................................................................................................................195
13.9 Design feature endorsements........................................................................................................................195
13.10 Operational ratings.........................................................................................................................................196

CHAPTER 14 CONVERTING A HELICOPTER CATEGORY LICENCE TO AN

AEROPLANE CATEGORY LICENCE 199
14.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................200
14.2 Knowledge and experience requirements..................................................................................................200
14.3 Medical requirements.......................................................................................................................................204

CHAPTER 15 RECOGNITION OF PILOT CERTIFICATES GRANTED BY SPORT

AVIATION BODIES 205
15.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................206
15.2 Pilot certificates are deemed equivalent to an RPL...................................................................................206
15.3 Flight review requirements..............................................................................................................................206
15.4 Endorsements on pilot certificates may be added to an RPL.................................................................206
15.5 Flight activity endorsements on pilot certificates may not be added to an RPL................................206
15.6 Recognition of hours flown in sports aircraft..............................................................................................206

CHAPTER 16 RECOGNITION OF OVERSEAS AUTHORISATIONS, LICENCES

AND PROFICIENCY CHECKS 207
16.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................208
16.2 Obtaining an Australian licence, rating or endorsement based on overseas qualifications...........208
16.3 Obtaining a certificate of validation based on overseas qualifications................................................212
16.4 Recognition of a partially completed instrument proficiency check.....................................................215
16.5 Converting a European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) licence..................................................216

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CHAPTER 17 BILATERAL AGREEMENTS 217

17.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................218
17.2 Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act (TTMRA)........................................................................................218
17.3 Statutory declarations.......................................................................................................................................219

CHAPTER 18 RECOGNITION OF AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE QUALIFICATIONS 221

18.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................222
18.2 How to apply for a Part 61 qualification.......................................................................................................222
18.3 General requirements......................................................................................................................................222
18.4 Aeronautical experience recognition............................................................................................................224
18.5 Recognised ADF courses..................................................................................................................................224
18.6 Medical certificates............................................................................................................................................226
18.7 Recording of civilian aeronautical experience............................................................................................226
18.8 Table of recognised aeroplanes.....................................................................................................................226

APPENDICES229
Appendix A: Acronyms and abbreviations.............................................................................................................230
Appendix B: Definitions...............................................................................................................................................231
Appendix C: Prescribed aircraft and type ratings.................................................................................................246
Appendix D: Part 61 Manual of standards references........................................................................................247
Appendix E: Part 61 Exemptions included in this guide.....................................................................................251
Appendix F: CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions)
Instrument 2024 Part 40 to 42 – Multi‑crew cooperation training.....................................................252
Appendix G: Forms.......................................................................................................................................................253

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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chapter 1
UNDERSTANDING THE
PURPOSES, FUNCTIONS AND
KEY CONCEPTS OF LICENSING

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16 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

1.1 Overview › logbook requirements

› testing of aircraft without holding an
(61.005)
Australian licence
This chapter details the purpose of the
› conduct of various operations including
licensing system, the related function of various
community flights and air displays.
bodies and agencies and key concepts in the
licensing process.
The chapter also explains the relationships, 1.2 Part 61 of CASR
through diagrams and tables, between various
(61.007)
licences, ratings and endorsements. This will
assist you in determining your training options Part 61 establishes a framework for pilots
and needs. operating Australian registered aircraft. You
must hold an Australian licence or certificate of
This chapter includes information on
validation (CoV) issued by CASA if you are flying a
the following:
VH-registered aircraft in Australia or overseas.
› Part 61 of CASR and how the MOS relates
Part 61 details:
› purpose and regulations of flight crew licensing
› the requirements to be met to obtain licences,
› CASA’s licensing functions and record keeping ratings and endorsements
› the role of legislative and non-legislative › the associated privileges
instruments
› any conditions or limitations on the exercise of
› approvals issued under Part 61 those privileges.
› qualification standards for flight simulation Part 61 of CASR applies to flight in a registered
training devices aircraft of any of the following categories:
› the role of the International Civil Aviation › aeroplane
Organization (ICAO)
› helicopter
› recognition of foreign states
› powered-lift aircraft
› how licences, ratings and endorsements relate
› gyroplane
to each other
› airship.
› explanation of aircraft category, class and type
ratings and design feature endorsements
This plain English guide is for the
› conduct of unauthorised activities aeroplane category only.
› a summary of gaining your licence, rating or
endorsement
› applying for an aviation reference number 1.3 How the Part 61
(ARN)
MOS relates
› licence document styles
(61.035 and 61.040)
› eligibility to apply for a pilot licence online
The regulations allow CASA to issue a Manual of
› reprinting your licence and expired licences Standards (MOS) for Part 61. The MOS is used for
(for old style licences) two main reasons:
› obligations of licence holders › to prescribe detailed technical standards which
› identity checks and provision of photographs would otherwise make the regulations overly
complex
› what to do when required to produce your
licence or medical certificate › to provide a more flexible and responsive way
of updating these standards.

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 17

Standards in the MOS need to be updated to Australian licences, other than the recreational
keep pace with technology and other changes. pilot licence (RPL), with a few exceptions,
Regulations, on the other hand, are updated meet the standards prescribed by the
less often. A MOS is a legislative instrument International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
(see below in this chapter for information As a contracting state, Australian licensing
about instruments) and can be disallowed protocols and procedures closely align with
in Parliament. There are rules for making ICAO standards. This means you can have your
and amending a MOS including consultation Australian licence and associated ratings and
and publication. endorsements recognised overseas and conduct
international flights in Australian registered
The Part 61 regulations detail what you must
aircraft. There are several areas where there are
do regarding licensing. The MOS includes the
differences between the Australian and the ICAO
more detailed specifications for aeronautical
requirements. Information is endorsed on the
knowledge standards and theory examinations,
flight crew licence to display the differences as
as well as practical competency standards for
is applicable.
flight training, flight tests, proficiency checks and
flight reviews. Wherever practical and for ease Australia also recognises the licences of
of reference, this guide combines the Part 61 contracting states (see chapter 16 and
regulatory requirements with the MOS. chapter 17 of this guide). If you hold a foreign
licence you can apply to CASA for the grant
The MOS is available on the Federal Register
of an equivalent Australian licence, rating
of Legislation.
and endorsement.
You may like to refer to AC1–01: Understanding
Australian Defence Force (ADF) pilots can
the legislative framework, for guidance on the
also apply to convert their ADF qualifications
Australian legislative framework including an
into equivalent Part 61 licences ratings and
explanation of the purpose of a MOS.
endorsements. See chapter 18 of this guide

1.4 Flight crew licensing 1.5 Regulating flight

The Australian flight crew licensing system has
the safety of aviation and the general community crew licensing
as its focus. (61.005, FCLM 1.1, 1.2 and 3.4 and
Section 20AB of the Civil Aviation Act, requires Part 61 MOS)
any person performing a duty essential to the Flight crew licensing is one of the means CASA
operation of an Australian registered aircraft uses to maintain the safety of air travel and
to either: airspace, both for members of the aviation
› hold the appropriate civil aviation authorisation industry and the general public. The licensing
e.g. flight crew licence system is designed to ensure all civilian pilots
are properly trained and proficient. This is
› be authorised to conduct the operation achieved by:
without the required qualifications.
› requiring anyone who wishes to perform any
The flight crew licensing manual (FCLM) details duty essential to the operation of an Australian
the flight training and required competencies to aircraft during flight to hold an appropriate
conduct various flight operations safely. authorisation
A licence provides evidence of competency for › controlling the qualifications of pilots before
the licences, ratings and endorsements that they are permitted to fly an aircraft
you, as the licence holder, have achieved. It
also provides evidence that you have satisfied › controlling who may train and test pilots’
the other related requirements such as: age, proficiency to ensure they meet the
security status and English language proficiency. required standards.
Your licence also provides proof that you have In terms of procedures, flight crew licensing
demonstrated the skills, knowledge and attitudes refers to the system of issuing, renewing
required to obtain the authorisation(s) listed on and recording the documents that permit
your licence document. or authorise you to operate Australian
registered aircraft.

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18 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Reference should be made to the following for

flight crew licensing:
1.6 CASA’s licensing
› Part 61 of CASR and the Part 61 MOS functions
› Flight Crew Licensing Manual (FCLM) Overview
› Part 141: Recreational, private and commercial The administration and oversight of your flight
pilot flight training other than certain crew licence is conducted by CASA.
integrated training courses
Flight crew licensing is one of the means CASA
› Part 142: Integrated and multi-crew pilot flight uses to maintain the safety of air travel and
training, contracted recurrent training and airspace both for members of the aviation
contract checking. industry and the general public. The licensing
system ensures that all civilian pilots and flight
There are also a number of advisory
engineers are properly trained and proficient.
circulars (ACs), instruments and the
This is achieved by:
acceptable means of compliance/
guidance manual (AMC/GM) available on › requiring anyone who wishes to perform any
the CASA website. ACs and instruments duty essential to the operation of an Australian
as applicable are included in this manual aircraft during flight to hold an appropriate
and a list of repeal dates for instruments permit or authorisation
are contained in appendix E.
› controlling the qualifications pilots and flight
CASA staff, examiners, instructors and approval engineers must have before they are permitted
holders (as applicable) must follow documented to operate an aircraft
procedures for the processing and assessing › controlling who may train and test the
of all applications for, and granting of, flight proficiency of pilots and flight engineers to
crew licences, ratings and endorsements. ensure they meet the required standards.
See section 1.6 of this guide. This also applies In terms of procedures, flight crew licensing
to issuing and reissuing licence documents. refers to the system of issuing, renewing
A CASA checklist is used to ensure all aspects and recording the documents that permit or
related to the application are met. This checklist authorise flight crew to operate Australian
is filed as a permanent record of the assessment registered aircraft.
process and the result.
This guide is for flight crew
All licences require an aviation (aeroplanes) only.
security check and are not issued
until a successful security check has
been completed. Where your flight
training provider notifies CASA of your
successful flight test online, these
checks are completed automatically.
See section 1.18 of this guide.

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 19

1.7 CASA record keeping Under Part 61, CASA may use instruments
to prescribe, for example:
(FCLM 1.4.5)
CASA keeps records of all flight crew the qualification standards for
authorisations and examination results, flight simulation training devices
except for pre-solo air legislation exams and (see section 1.10 of this guide)
basic aeronautical knowledge (BAK) exams
the recognition of foreign states
(this is because they are set and recorded by
(see section 1.12 of this guide)
the industry).
CASA keeps all licensing information in its the classing of single-engine aeroplanes
enterprise aviation processing (EAP) system. (see section 1.15 of this guide)
This system interfaces with other relevant data
for multi-crew aircraft
systems, including the medical information
(see section 1.15 of this guide):
database, the flight crew theory exam database
(the PEXO system) and myCASA. › applicable type ratings
› variant aircraft models including
1.8 The role of legislative applicable differences training

and non‑legislative for single-pilot aircraft

instruments (see section 1.15 of this guide):

› applicable type ratings

Legislative instruments
(61.045, 61.047, 61.050, 61.055, 61.060, › variant aircraft models, including
relevant differences training
61.061 and 61.062)
› type ratings that fulfil the requirements
Generally, instruments that create or amend
of an instrument proficiency check or
law or apply to a group of people or entities are
flight review
legislative instruments. They can be subject to
consultation, impact assessment (costs and any › if the criteria are met, aircraft models
potential infringement of human rights) and are no longer variants of each other
parliamentary scrutiny. Legislative instruments and, as such, vary the additional flight
relevant to the Australian aviation industry training required
can be drafted by the Office of Parliamentary
Counsel but are instructed by CASA or entirely for class ratings
drafted within CASA. (see section 1.15 of this guide):
A legislative instrument can be disallowed
(repealed) by Parliament if it is found to › aircraft types for which an aircraft type
trespass unduly on personal rights and flight review or instrument proficiency
freedoms. This results from scrutiny by the check meets the class flight review
Senate Standing Committee. requirements
› aircraft types for which class rating
privileges must not be exercised
until the rating holder has completed
aircraft type flight training and an
aircraft type flight

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20 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Since Part 61 was first implemented, there have

been other legislative instruments introduced to
1.10 Qualification standard
correct errors or change requirements. These will for flight simulation
remain in force until the Office of Parliamentary
Counsel allocates resources to redraft the training devices
affected regulations. (61.045)
These instruments will be identified in this guide Flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) include
where appropriate. A full list can be found in
approved flight simulators, flight training devices
Appendix E of this guide.
and synthetic trainers that may be used to gain
Legislative instruments are available from the aeronautical experience.
Federal Register of Legislation (FRL) website.
Regulation 61.045 provides another way for CASA
to specify minimum standards for a FSTD where
Non-legislative instruments there are no standards specified in other MOS or
In addition to legislative instruments, you may instruments i.e. for unique devices.
also see non-legislative instruments. These Part 60 of CASR sets out the rules for the initial
typically apply to a single operator or individual. and recurrent qualification of flight simulation
Non-legislative instruments have a range of training devices. The Part 60 MOS prescribes the
applications, such as issuing permissions and qualification standards for FSTDs.
exemptions or approvals for particular activities.
Using approved and capable FSTDs can enhance
Non-legislative instruments are not subject to the quality and effectiveness of pilot training
parliamentary scrutiny. These instruments are while mitigating the safety risks associated with
primarily used to manage circumstances where conducting activities in simulated engine out
an individual or particular entity has operating flight and other non-normal manoeuvres.
needs or limitations that impact compliance
with the overarching legislative framework.
Many of the instruments that CASA makes are
non-legislative instruments.

1.9 Approvals issued under

Part 61
(61.040)
All approvals granted by CASA under Part 61 are
subject to the procedural requirements of CASR
Part 11 (regulatory administrative procedures).
This part requires CASA to have regard for the
safety of air navigation when considering the
issue of approvals.
CASA is authorised to issue approvals under
Part 61, where a regulation refers to a
CASA approval.
In many of the regulations governing the training
and testing of persons for qualifications and for
certain activities, there is often a subregulation
that allows for a person, other than a person who
holds the required authorisation, to be approved
to conduct that activity.
An operator may also operate under an
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
approval issued under regulation 61.040. The
operator must have satisfied CASA they meet
applicable Part 61 and MOS competency units
and standards.

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 21

1.11 The role of the 1.13 How licences, ratings

International Civil Aviation and endorsements relate
Organization to each other
(FCLM 2.1.4)
Overview (FCLM 1.3)
The International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) sets standards and recommended The authorisations issued by CASA to licence
practices applicable to flight crew licences. flight crew fall into 3 groups:
› Licence: a document and an authorisation
issued by CASA that indicates privileges a
holder is authorised to exercise.
› Rating: an authorisation entered on or
associated with a licence and forming part of
the special conditions, privileges or limitations
pertaining to the licence.

Australian licences largely comply with ICAO › Endorsement: an additional qualification which
Annex 1 (Personnel licensing) standards. extends the privileges of an aircraft rating of
However, there are some differences that CASA the licence holder.
has notified to ICAO, and these are listed on An authorisation can mean any of the following:
the Australian flight crew licenses and ICAO
differences page on the CASA website. › pilot licence being any of the following:

CASA also recognises licences issued by other » recreational

ICAO contracting States that comply with the » private
Annex 1 standard. Chapter 16 of this guide
details the process of recognition of an overseas » commercial
licence by CASA. » multi-crew

1.12 Recognised » air transport

foreign states » flight engineer licence (not included in

this guide)
(61.047)
» glider pilot licence (not included in this guide)
The term ‘recognised foreign state’ is used in
› a rating can mean any of the following:
Part 61 to enable equivalent licensing activities to
be conducted by operators who are authorised » aircraft category rating
by the National Aviation Authority (NAA) of the
» aircraft class or type rating
recognised State.
» operational rating
These states are recognised because the
regulatory system in that state is similar to › an endorsement can mean any of
Australia’s, and consideration has been given to it the following:
being recognised for this purpose.
» design feature e.g. retractable undercarriage
For example, you may complete type rating
» flight activity e.g. aerobatics, formation flying
training for a specific aircraft type in an approved
flight simulation training device (FSTD) that is » an endorsement on an operational rating.
also approved by a recognised foreign state.
This recognition saves the foreign operator from
having their FSTD approved by Australia.
See chapter 16 of this guide for how to obtain an
Australian licence, rating or endorsement based
on an overseas qualification.

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22 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Table 1: Licences, ratings and endorsements

Type Section
Licences indicating the most fundamental authorised privileges of the holder
Recreational pilot licence (RPL) Section 4.11
Private pilot licence (PPL) Section 4.12
Commercial pilot licence (CPL) Section 4.13
Air transport pilot licence (ATPL) Section 4.14
Multi-crew pilot licence (MPL) Section 4.15
Ratings indicating special conditions, privileges or limitations of a licence
Aircraft category rating Sections 4.3 and 5.2
Aircraft class rating Sections 4.4 and 5.3
Aircraft type rating Sections 4.5 and 5.5
Operational ratings
Instrument rating Section 10.2
Private instrument rating Section 10.3
NVFR rating Section 10.4
Aerial application rating Chapter 8
Low-level rating Chapter 7
Instructor ratings
Flight instructor rating Section 11.12
Simulator instructor Section 11.13
Examiner ratings
Flight examiner rating Chapter 12
Design feature endorsements extending the rating to more specialised privileges
Tailwheel undercarriage Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Retractable undercarriage Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Manual propeller pitch control (piston engine) Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Gas turbine engine Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Multi-engine centreline thrust Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Pressurisation system Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Floatplane Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Floating hull Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Ski landing gear Chapter 6 and section 4.6
Flight activity endorsements extend the rating to more specialised privileges
Aerobatics Chapter 9
Aerobatics (1,500 ft) Chapter 9
Aerobatics (1,000ft) Chapter 9
Aerobatics (500 ft) Chapter 9
Aerobatics (unlimited) Chapter 9
Formation flying (aeroplane) Chapter 9
Formation aerobatics spinning Chapter 9

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 23

Operational ratings and endorsements Operational ratings require you to undertake

(61.855, 61.910, 61.955, 61.1040 and 61.1090) specific training to complete the required
competencies. A rating may then have additional
CASA specifies operational ratings that require knowledge and skill components (endorsements).
you to complete additional training to that of
your pilot licence. These ratings have several For example, if you wish to operate below 500 ft
endorsements that define the extra knowledge above ground level (AGL), you must hold a
and skills you need to conduct these specific low-level rating or an aerial application rating.
operations safely. If you then wanted to fly mustering operations,
you would also need to add a mustering
The following are considered operational ratings: endorsement to your privileges.
› instrument rating – see section 10.2 of To gain an operational rating, you must complete
this guide the training and successfully undertake the
› private instrument rating – see section 10.3 associated flight test. Your flight training must
of this guide be done by either:

› NVFR rating – see section 10.4 of this guide › an authorised flight instructor

› pilot instructor rating – see chapter 11 of › a person authorised by CASA.

this guide You can then conduct the activity if you have also
› flight examiner rating – see chapter 12 of satisfied the requirements of the flight review or
this guide proficiency check.

› aerial application rating – see chapter 8 of this

guide
› low-level rating – see chapter 7 of this guide.

Operational rating and endorsement flow charts

Figure 1: Instrument rating

single-engine aeroplanes

related endorsements

Instrument Rating (IR) multi-engine aeroplanes

See section 10.2 of
this guide

to maintain an IR you must

satisfactorarily complete an
instrument proficiency check instrument approach 2D
(IPC) every year

instrument approach 3D

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24 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Figure 2: Private instrument rating

departure -
single-engine
single-engine
aeroplanes
aircraft
related
endorsements

Private instrument departure -

Rating (PIFR) multi-engine
multi-engine
See section 10.3 of aeroplanes
aeroplane
this guide to maintain a
PIFR you must
satisfactorarily
complete a flight approach
review every and landing -
2 years multi-engine
navigation aeroplane
non-directional
beacon (NDB)

navigation VHF
Omni-directional
radio (VOR/
Localizer (LLZ) NDB

navigation global
navigation
surveillance system
(GNSS) VOR/localiser

standard
instrument
departure (SID) distance measuring
equipment (DME)
or GNSS arrival

standard
instrument arrival
(STAR)
RNP APCH 2D

approach RNP APCH 3D

ILS

night

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 25

Figure 3: Night VFR rating

single-engine aeroplanes

related endorsements

Night VFR rating multi-engine aeroplanes

See section 10.4 of this guide

to maintain a night
VFR rating you must
satisfactorarily complete a
flight review every 2 years

Figure 4: Aerial application rating

aeroplane
aeroplane

related
related endorsements
endorsements

Aerial
Aerial application
application (AA)
(AA) rating
rating
See fire
fire fightling
fightling (aeroplanes)
(aeroplanes)
See chapter
chapter 88 of
of this
this guide
guide
(aerial
(aerial application
application flight
flight
operations
operations below
below 500
500 ft
ft AGL)
AGL)
to
to maintain
maintain an
an AA
AA rating
rating
you
you must
must satisfactorarily
satisfactorarily
complete
complete aa proficiency
proficiency check
check
(APC)
(APC) every
every year
year night
night (aeroplanes)
(aeroplanes)

Figure 5: Low-level rating

related
related aerialmustering
aerial mustering
aeroplane
aeroplane
endorsements
endorsements (aeroplanes)
(aeroplanes)
Low-level(LL)
Low-level (LL)rating
rating
Seechapter
See chapter77of of
thisguide
this guide(flight
(flight
operationsbelow
operations below
500ftftAGL
500 AGLincluding
including
low-levelaerobatics)
low-level aerobatics) tomaintain
to maintainaaLL LL
ratingyou
rating youmust
must
satisfactorarily
satisfactorarily
completeaaflight
complete flight
reviewevery
review everyyear
year

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26 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Pilot instructor ratings and To be granted a pilot instructor rating, you first
endorsements must hold a PPL, CPL or ATPL.

To conduct flight training, you must hold a pilot If you hold a PPL, then you can only conduct
instructor rating. There are two types of pilot training for the issue of:
instructor ratings: › a design feature endorsement
› flight instructor › flight activity endorsement.
› simulator instructor. This training can be conducted independently
Note: If you hold a simulator instructor rating i.e. not by a Part 141 or 142 operator.
and do not also hold a flight instructor rating,
you are only permitted to conduct training in an
approved flight simulation training device.
Note: All flight instructor endorsements apply
to a simulator instructor rating.

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 27

Pilot instructor ratings and endorsement flow charts

Figure 6: Pilot instructor rating (PPL holder)

design feature training

endorsement

related endorsements
spinning
Pilot instructor rating training endorsement
(PPL holder only) (you must hold a spinning
See chapter 11 of this guide flight activity endorsement)

to maintain a
pilot instructor rating
aerobatics training
see chapter 11 of this guide
endorsement
(you must hold an aerobatics
flight activity endorsement)

formation training
endorsement
(you must hold a
formation flying flight
activity endorsement)

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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28 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Figure 7: Pilot instructor rating (CPL and ATPL holders)

grade
grade33training
trainingendorsement
endorsement

grade
grade22training
trainingendorsement
endorsement
related
relatedendorsements
endorsements

grade
grade11training
trainingendorsement
endorsement
Pilot
Pilotinstructor
instructorrating
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(CPL
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andATPL
ATPLholder
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See
Seechapter
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instructor
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endorsement
this
thisguide
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tomaintain
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pilot
instructor
instructorrating
ratingsee
see
section
section11.12
11.12and
and
mulit-crew
mulit-crewpilot
pilottraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement
11.13
11.13ofofthis
thisguide
guide

type
typerating
ratingtraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement

class
classrating
ratingtraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement

design
designfeature
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instrument
instrumentrating
ratingtraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement

night
nightVFR
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ratingtraining
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low-level
low-levelrating
ratingtraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement

aerial
aerialagricultural
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(day)
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multi-engine
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aeroplaneclass
classrating
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instructortraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement

spinning
spinningtraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement
(you
(youmust
musthold
holdaaspinning
spinningflight
flight
activity
activityendorsement)
endorsement)

aerobatics
aerobaticstraining
trainingendorsement
endorsement
(you
(youmust
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aerobaticsflight
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formation
formationtraining
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(you
(youmust
musthold
holdaaformation
formationflying
flyingflight
flight
activity
activityendorsement)
endorsement)

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 29

1.14 Aircraft category, class Table 2: Aircraft categories and associated

class ratings
and types explained
Category Class rating applicable
An aircraft rating is a flight crew qualification
that allows you to operate particular aircraft. The Aeroplane single-engine aeroplane
rating(s) you need depends on the type of pilot multi-engine aeroplane
licence you hold and the aircraft you want to fly.
Helicopter single-engine helicopter
Aircraft category rating Powered lift aircraft power-lift aircraft
When obtaining a pilot licence, you must Gyroplane single-engine gyroplane
choose the category of aircraft your training and Airship airship
qualifications will relate to.
Part 61 applies to the following See section 5.3 of this guide (aircraft class
aircraft categories: rating requirements).

› aeroplane
Aircraft type ratings
› helicopter
More complex aircraft require you to complete
› powered lift aircraft additional training and obtain a type rating
before you fly them. These ratings may also be
› gyroplane referred to as a pilot type rating.
› airship. CASA specifies aircraft type ratings for
aircraft that:
This guide relates only to licensing in
the aeroplane category. › are certified to be operated by more than
one pilot

You must hold the correct category rating on › are certified in the transport category
your licence to fly as the pilot in command (PIC) › are multi-engine turbojet powered
or copilot of an Australian (VH) registered aircraft.
Once you have your initial licence and aircraft › are fitted with more complex systems
category rating, you may add other categories to › have unique handling or performance
your licence. See chapter 14 of this guide. characteristics.
For example, you may hold a PPL in the Note: The above reference to transport
aeroplane category and a CPL in the helicopter category refers to a homogeneous grouping
category. Each licence is linked to the category of aircraft types and models of generally
for which it is granted. similar characteristics. These are based on the
See section 5.2 of this guide (Aircraft proposed or intended use of the aircraft and
category requirements). their operating limitations and is not referring
to air transport operations.
Aircraft class ratings To keep your aircraft type rating current, you
Your aeroplane category rating will normally must have completed a proficiency check or a
include at least one class rating. flight review relevant to the rating within the past
2 years.
By holding a class rating, you are authorised
to operate an aircraft in the class that is not To conduct a flight under the instrument flight
designated as a type-rated aircraft. rules (IFR) in a type-rated aircraft, you must have
a valid instrument proficiency check relevant to
Note: There are certain aircraft that fall in the the kind of aircraft.
single engine class, for example, the C208 that
require a separate flight review to exercise See Appendix C of this guide for details of aircraft
the privilege of the single engine class rating. type rating requirements.
These aircraft are listed in Part 61 Flight Crew See section 5.4 of this guide (Aircraft type
Licensing (Prescribed aircraft and type ratings), rating requirements).
Schedule 12.

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30 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

1.15 Prescription of aircraft For certain type-rated aeroplanes with

similar characteristics to others in their class,
classes, ratings and variants competency checks in the type-rated aircraft may
count for the class rating flight review.
Multi-engine aeroplanes included Aircraft that fall into this category are described
in the single-engine aeroplane class in the instrument titled Part 61 Flight crew
licensing (prescribed aircraft and type ratings).
(61.050)
Further details can be found in Appendix C of
If you hold a single-engine aeroplane class rating this guide.
you may be allowed to fly some multi-engine
You can train for some aircraft type ratings at a
aeroplanes. For example, multi-engine centre-line
Part 141 school. These types are prescribed in
thrust aeroplanes (C336 and C337). However,
instrument type ratings excluded from Part 142
you will have to complete extra flight training
flight training (edition 7) instrument 2023.
and a flight review or endorsement before you’re
permitted to do so.
Type-rating – single-pilot aircraft
Type-rating and variants – multi-crew (61.060)
aircraft (61.055) Single-pilot aircraft types are those that one pilot
may operate and require initial and ongoing
Type-rated aircraft are complex or distinct
type-specific training and competency checking.
aircraft types. Aircraft that are certified to be
These aircraft are sufficiently complex, or their
flown by more than one pilot are examples of
performance or handling characteristics are such
type-rated aircraft. Pilots flying these aircraft
that additional training of pilots is warranted to
must have specialised training.
enable them to operate the aircraft safely.

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 31

Aircraft types can have variants within each type, Types of aircraft for additional
and the characteristics of the variants can differ limitations on class ratings
(for example, in areas such as operating systems,
(61.062 and 202.268A)
size or performance). In some cases, additional
training of pilots is warranted to enable them CASA may require you to undertake specific
to operate these variants of the original training and a flight review for some aircraft
aircraft type. types in order to exercise the privileges of a
class rating.
Note: If you have passed a flight test as a
multi-crew operation in an aeroplane that is If this is necessary, CASA will issue an instrument
certificated for single-pilot operations, you must detailing the requirements. Aircraft included
not exercise the privileges of the rating in a in the instrument are considered sufficiently
single-pilot operation unless you have: complex or have performance or handling
characteristics that warrant initial type-specific
› completed flight training to meet the required
training and a flight review in the specific type.
competencies for the operation of the
aeroplane in a single-pilot operation However, these types are not so different that
ongoing training and competency checking needs
› met one of the following:
to be type specific. In these cases, you only need
» passed the flight test for the rating as a to complete initial type-specific training along
single-pilot operation with a flight review, rather than a flight test, as
the means of assessing the your competence
» successfully completed an instrument
in operating that type of aircraft. A flight review
proficiency check conducted by a flight
in any other aircraft in the same class satisfies
examiner as a single-pilot operation in
the flight review requirements to fly that type
an aeroplane of the type rating
of aircraft.
» successfully complete an operator
Aircraft this regulation applies to are described in
proficiency check conducted as a single-pilot
the instrument titled Part 61 Flight crew licensing
operation in an aeroplane of the type rating.
(prescribed aircraft and type ratings). See
Aircraft to which this regulation applies are appendix C of this guide.
described in the instrument titled Part 61
The requirements of this section do not apply if:
Flight crew licensing (prescribed aircraft and
type ratings). › you are the holder of a continued authorisation
that is equivalent to a class rating
Type-rated aircraft – flight review › you hold an aircraft endorsement for an
requirements for class ratings (61.061) aircraft covered by a class rating (in force prior
to 1st September 2014)
Some aircraft are sufficiently complex or have
performance or handling characteristics that › the endorsement was for a type of aircraft
warrant initial and ongoing type-specific training. prescribed in an instrument mentioned above
in this section.
A relevant class rating flight review is acceptable
because the aircraft type is sufficiently in
common with aircraft in that class rating.
Aircraft this regulation applies to are described
in instrument titled Part 61 Flight crew licensing
(prescribed aircraft and type ratings) (see
Appendix C of this guide) and instrument type
ratings excluded from Part 142 flight training
(edition 7) instrument 2023.

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1.16 Conduct of
unauthorised activities
(61.065)
You must only pilot a registered aircraft, or act
as an instructor or flight examiner, if you are
authorised by the Part 61 regulations.

1.17 A summary of
how to get your licence,
endorsement or rating
(FCLM 2.2, FCLM 3.2 and FCLM 3.3)
CASA is the only body that can grant and issue
flight crew licences in Australia. This is designed
to maintain the validity and integrity of the licence
in the international aviation sector.
To be granted a licence, endorsement or rating,
you must be deemed competent. Competency
means you have completed:
› initial and recurrent medical assessments or a
valid Class 5 medical self-declaration
› applicable training
› the accumulation of aeronautical experience
› the theoretical knowledge examinations
› the practical assessments (flight tests).
Once issued, your flight crew licence, ratings and
endorsements are perpetually valid. However,
you must undergo, as applicable, regular medical
assessments, flight reviews and proficiency
checks, to be legally able to exercise the
privileges of your licence.
CASA delegates the granting and issuing of most
ratings and endorsements to approved and
qualified persons. CASA assesses these persons
to make sure they are competent to do these
Civil Aviation Safety Authority approvals in their own right.
Flight examiner ratings and associated flight test
endorsements, and the approval of persons
under regulation 61.040 to conduct flight tests,
grant ratings and endorsements, must be
conducted by CASA.

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1.18 Security requirements 1.19 Applying for

for pilots an aviation reference
If you wish to exercise the privileges of a Part number (ARN)
61 flight crew licence you must have an aviation
security status check. You will also need an You must have an individual aviation reference
aviation security status check if you’re applying number (ARN) in order to:
for a flight crew licence. › access many CASA services
In order to have a status check you will need to › hold an Australian licence, permission
apply for either: or authorisation.
› an Aviation Security Identification Card (ASIC)
Applying through the myCASA portal
› an Aviation Identification (AVID).
Your application for an ARN is undertaken
Aviation Security Identification through the myCASA portal. You will need to
create an account or log in to your myCASA
Card (ASIC) account to apply for an ARN.
You will need an ASIC if you are flight crew flying
To create a myCASA account you will need
at a security controlled airport, or a pilot under
either your:
the age of 18. It allows you to operate at any
airport in Australia. › email address and a password
You can apply for an ASIC through any of the › digital identity using your MyGovID
ASIC issuing bodies listed on the Department of digital identity.
Home Affairs website.
Once logged in, you navigate via the ‘Need an
The time frame for receipt of your ASIC is ARN?’ and then the ‘Apply for an ARN’ icons.
usually 4 to 6 weeks. You will then be required to enter your personal
details which includes your:
Aviation Identification (AVID) › full name (as it appears on your primary
An Aviation Identification (AVID) is more form of identification i.e. your passport, birth
restrictive. For example, you cannot use an certificate or drivers licence)
AVID at security-controlled airports. To apply › address
for an AVID, you must:
› date of birth
› be 18 years or older
› gender
› have a Part 61 Flight Crew Licence issued
by CASA (or be applying for one) › phone numbers

› have a current aviation medical. › nationality.

Applications for an AVID will usually take between

4 and 6 weeks to process and cost $126.
To apply for an AVID, use Aviation identification
application form 499.

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34 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

You will then be prompted to submit your Applying via email or post
identification. You only need one type of
identification and most can be verified online. If you cannot apply online, you can apply for
Suitable identification includes: an individual ARN by emailing or posting the
application form to CASA with certified copies of
› Australian or foreign passport your identity documents.
› Australian birth certificate To apply via email or the post you will need to:
› Australian citizenship certificate › download and enter your personal details
› ImmiCard. onto the individual aviation reference number
application form (Form 1162)
Note: An ImmiCard is issued to certain visa
holders who don’t have and can’t obtain › print or save it on to your device
a passport recognised by the Australian › nominate your 100 points of identification
government.
› email or post your application.
Note: You can use different combinations
of documents to make up your 100 points.
All documents must be certified.

1.20 Licence styles

Previous licence styles

Plastic card style

AdobeStock | Luap Vision

If your identification does not automatically

verify, you can upload a certified copy of the
document instead.
Once you have completed the required
information, double check the information Civil Aviation Safety Authority
matches your identity documents and submit.
You will receive an email with your ARN a few
minutes after submission. Licences issued between April 1992 and
March 2001 were in the form of a plastic
card, similar to a credit card. This only shows
the highest licence you hold for each aircraft
category. This style of licence remains a valid
licence for use in Australia but is not suitable for
overseas use as it is not ICAO compliant. Records
of flight crew qualifications (RFCQ) to accompany
the plastic card licence are no longer available
and are replaced by the new book style licence.

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 35

Paper dockets style Medical certificates are placed in the back of

A few licences, such as student pilot licences the folder and are also replaced in full when a
(SPL), were issued by industry delegates new medical certificate is received after each
and flying schools as a paper docket. CASR medical examination.
Part 61 has removed the student pilot
Licence prints can be requested at any time in
licence requirement.
writing to CASA.
‘Old’ book style
Digital pilot licences (CASR 91.100)
The ‘old’ book style licences issued before April
1992 can no longer be used to exercise your You are permitted to carry any flight related
pilot privileges. documents electronically when flying in Australia.

An electronic form of your licence may

Current book style licences be referred to as a digital licence.

If travelling overseas you may need

a printed version of your licence and
associated documentation as a digital
licence is not accepted in all countries.

A digital licence may not be a substitute

for your paper licence when flying
internationally, or obtaining a rating or
endorsement, you will need to carry your
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
paper licence.

You can carry your flight crew licence with you on

Licences issued after April 2001 are in a new your iPhone, iPod touch and Apple Watch using
booklet style to comply with ICAO requirements Apple Wallet. To download a digital copy you will
and allow for easier recognition of flight crew need to activate a myCASA account (if you have
qualifications overseas. not done so already).
This format details all licences, qualifications
CASA has available a fact sheet regarding
and ratings you hold and removes the need for
how to download a digital view of
a separate record of flight crew qualifications
your licence.
(RFCQ) to accompany your licence.
Your licences can be reprinted each time a Android digital licences will not include a photo,
new licence, endorsement or rating is added so you will also need to carry separate photo
or renewed and replaces the previous licence identification, such as a driver’s licence or ASIC,
in full. However, this is not required in order with you.
to use the licence, as it is only a record of the It may take up to 2 weeks for new privileges
qualifications held. to appear on your digital licence, during which
time you can only exercise those privileges that
appear on your digital licence. If you want to use
these new privileges, you will need to carry your
paper licence.

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36 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

1.21 Eligibility to apply for 1.22 Reprinting your

a pilot licence online licence
You can now apply and pay for your pilot You will need to contact CASA if you need a paper
licence in myCASA. To apply for the issue of reprint of your licence for operational reasons,
your pilot licence online you must: such as international air operations. The fee for a
licence reprint is $25.
^ have finished your training, exams and
flight test You can apply for a licence re-print by either:

^ ensure your examiner has lodged your › going to myCASA and requesting a reprint via
successful flight test with CASA your licence view page

^ have completed the required English › completing the licence reprint form
language proficiency (ELP) (form 61–9R) and submitting it to CASA.

^ have an aviation security identification

card (ASIC) (or AVID as applicable) 1.23 Expired licences
^ have transitioned to Part 61 (by (FCLM 3.10)
completing form 61–9TX) if you have held
a previous flight crew licence (such as a If your flight crew licence has expired and you
CAR 5 licence). wish to start flying again, you will need to request
the re-issue of a new flight crew licence from
CASA. This will require a current relevant medical
You must have a suitable valid medical certificate (see section 2.7 of this guide) and a
certificate at the time you undertake security check (see section 1.18 of this guide).
your flight test. You may apply in writing and a flight crew licence
If you meet these criteria, you will need to reflecting the perpetual status of your current
log in or create a myCASA account and follow licence will be sent to you. Alternatively you may
the prompts. provide evidence acceptable to CASA that the old
licence is stamped ‘PERPETUAL’ after which you
Before logging on to complete your will be issued a new flight crew licence.
application ensure you have your ARN You cannot exercise the privileges of your licence
and ID documents ready. until your new licence has been issued and you
have successfully completed any required flight
If you do not meet these requirements, you will
review or proficiency check.
need to complete a manual application form
i.e., Form 61-PLA – Pilot Licence Application –
Australian Civil Trained.
If you are a student, you will receive an email
from CASA letting you know that your examiner
has submitted your passed flight test and you
can now apply online.
Once your application has been processed a
copy of your licence will be posted to you and
it will be available for you to download to your
digital wallet.

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 37

1.24 Obligations of holders CASA may give you written notice to provide a
recent photograph which:
of flight crew licences and › shows your full face, head and shoulders
certificates of validation › was taken no more than 6 months before the
(61.190) date of the notice.

As the holder of a flight crew licence or certificate If you have received a notice, you have 30 days
of validation (see section 16.3 of this guide), you to provide the photograph. It is an offence to
may be subject to identity checks and asked use your licence if you have not complied with
to provide further documentation, such as this requirement.
a photograph.
This circumstance may arise if the photo
You are also legally required to keep a logbook. CASA has on record is not a sufficiently
close likeness of you. In this situation
It is a condition of your flight crew licence, rating
CASA may give you written notice to
or endorsement that you comply with:
produce a more recent photograph.
› the limitations on the exercise of the privileges
of the licence, rating or endorsement
› the requirements of Part 61 that apply to you. 1.27 Production of
licence documents,
1.25 Identity checks medical certificates and
(61.335) identification
If you are the holder of a flight crew licence or (61.340)
certificate of validation (CoV) CASA may give
written notice to you to prove your identity. Licence holders
You must provide the evidence requested.
CASA may direct you to produce any or all of the
Once you are issued with a new licence or CoV, following documents for inspection:
as applicable, you will have fulfilled the identity
requirement and are free to exercise the › your licence document
privileges of your licence or CoV again.
› your medical certificate (unless you hold a
It is an offence to exercise the privileges of medical exemption)
your licence or CoV if CASA hasn’t given written
› a document that includes a photograph
confirmation (for example by way of a licence
showing your face, head and shoulders that is
or certificate of validation) that your identity
current and issued within the previous 10 years
requirement has been met.
by a government authority or government
that is:
1.26 Provision of » the Commonwealth or a state or territory

photograph » a foreign country, or a state or province of a

foreign country.
(61.336)
CASA needs to have a photograph of
each licence holder which can be used for
identification purposes.
As an applicant for a licence you must provide a
recent photograph unless you have provided a
photograph to CASA within the previous 10 years.
(Refer to regulation 61.155)

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Certificate of validation holders Logbooks may vary in their set-up. However, after
completing each flight, you must record at least
CASA may direct you, as the holder of a certificate the following information:
of validation (see section 16.3 of this guide), to
produce any, or all, of the following documents › the date the flight began
for inspection: › the aircraft type
› your certificate of validation › whether the aircraft was single-engine or
› your overseas medical certificate multi-engine
› your overseas flight crew licence › the nationality and registration marks of the
aircraft
› a current document that includes a
photograph showing your full face, head and › the take-off and landing points for the flight
shoulders issued within the previous 10 years and each segment of the flight
by a government authority that is: › the flight time flown in each of the following
» the Commonwealth or a state or territory capacities that applied to the flight:
» a foreign country, or a state or province of » pilot in command (PIC)
a foreign country. » copilot
It is an offence if you do not produce your » pilot in command under supervision (PICUS)
documentation within the time specified by CASA.
» pilot receiving flight training

1.28 Logbooks » if you are a flight instructor, any flight time

spent exercising the privileges of your flight
instructor rating
Logbooks and recording of flight time
» if you are a flight examiner, any flight time
(61.345)
spent exercising the privileges of your flight
As a condition of your licence or certificate of examiner rating
validation (see section 16.3 of this guide), you
» whether the flight was by day or night,
must keep a logbook. Your logbook must contain
or both
your full name and date of birth.
» any instrument flight time
It can be a paper or an electronic logbook as long
as it contains the details described below. » whether you conducted an instrument
approach operation and, if so, the type of
Logbooks are an official record of your
instrument approach procedure
experience and used for licensing purposes.
For example, as a record that you meet › if applicable, that the flight was a community
minimum experience standards for a licence or service flight and record the details of the flight
recent experience requirements. Your logbook (see section 1.31 of this guide).
can also be required for investigation and
compliance purposes.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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 Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing | 39

You must also log your time in an approved flight Exemption – logbook recording for copilot
simulation training device (FSTD) in your logbook. (Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew
Specifically you must include the following: Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
› the date the simulated flight began
This exemption allows you to log copilot flight
› the type of aircraft represented by the device
time even though the flight doesn’t meet the
› the simulated flight time performed in each of definition of a multi-crew operation. Copilot flight
the following capacities: time in the regulations requires the operation to
be in a multi-crew certified aircraft or a single-
» pilot in command (PIC)
pilot certified aircraft that is required by the
» copilot regulations to be flown multi-crew. This may
occur for example in a Part 121 air transport
» pilot in command under supervision (PICUS) operation in a BE350 aeroplane. The aircraft
» pilot receiving flight training must be fitted with appropriate instruments and
the standard operating procedures being used
» if you are a flight instructor or simulator must also support a multi-crew operation.
instructor, any time spent exercising the
privileges of your instructor rating The exemption allows you to log that copilot
flight time and use it for the purposes of meeting
» if the flight was conducted in simulated day the flight time required for an ATPL or to comply
or night conditions or both with the flight time in relation to a type rating.
» a description of the simulated flight activity In this situation you are a permitted copilot
› if applicable, that the flight was a community on a single-pilot aircraft. You do not need to
service flight and record the details of the flight differentiate this time as permissible copilot
(see section 1.29 of this guide). time in your logbook. You must, however,
record as soon as practicable the permissible
Although not required, it is standard copilot time as if it were copilot flight time.
practice for flight examiners to also
Note: Permissible copilot time, in relation to you
record flight time in an approved
being a permitted copilot, means time during
simulator and the relevant details of the
where you performed copilot duties in a multi-
activity in their logbook.
pilot capable aircraft following the multi‑crew
procedures specified in the operations manual
or exposition (whichever is applicable) of the
AOC holder operating the aircraft.

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40 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

Retention of logbooks (61.355) You may, for example, operate an

aircraft to conduct aircraft tests without
You must retain your logbook for 7 years from holding a type rating. This can occur
the last date of entry. when a new type of aircraft is being
It is an offence to fail to keep a logbook. tested for certification purposes or a
modification of an existing type. Test
pilots undertake specialist training for
False entries in logbooks (61.360)
conducting test flights and need to have
All logbook entries must be correct and an authorisation to fly these aircraft
not misleading. types because often there is no type
rating available at that point in time.
It is an offence to make a false or misleading
entry in your logbook.
CASA may give you a written direction to correct 1.30 Conduct of
an entry in your logbook, and you must do so
within 14 days of receiving the notice. adventure flights
A range of ex-military, historic and replica aircraft
Production of logbooks (61.365) are used to offer adventure-style flights to the
CASA may direct you to produce your logbook for general public for a fee.
inspection. You must provide your logbook within Rather than being a traditional joy flight,
7 days of the notification. providers market these flights as:
If you keep your logbook in electronic form, › warbird
you must produce a printed copy of the logbook
with each page certified by you as a true copy of › combat
your logbook. › military
› top-gun
1.29 Authorisation to test › adventure.
aircraft without holding The Australian Warbirds Association (AWAL)
type rating under Part 132 of CASR (Limited category
aircraft), manage these flights.
(61.140)
Adventure flight pilots must hold:
As the holder of a flight crew licence you may
› either a CPL or ATPL
apply to CASA, in writing, for authorisation to act
as a flight crew member of an aircraft for which › a current Class 1 medical certificate
you do not hold a pilot type rating during a flight
› the appropriate endorsements and ratings.
conducted for the purpose of:
› testing the aircraft
› conducting an experiment in relation to
the aircraft.
When acting as a flight crew member, you must
meet the requirements of the authorisation
issued by CASA.

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1.31 Conduct of In addition, you must meet the following

aeronautical experience requirements
community service flights (as applicable):

(Instrument number CASA 09/19 Civil Aviation › you must have completed one landing in
(Community Service Flights – Conditions on the same aircraft class (or type, if the aircraft
Flight Crew Licences) Instrument 2019) requires a pilot type rating) during the previous
30 days (this can be on the same day, before
A charitable or community organisation may the flight)
coordinate, arrange or facilitate a community
service flight (CSF) for charitable or community › if your CSF is under the visual flight rules (VFR),
service purposes. These organisations do not you must have at least 10 hours of flight time
operate with an Air Operators Certificate (AOC). in an aircraft of the same type to be used for
the CSF
The rules for pilots conducting CSFs are in
the CASA 09/19 – Civil Aviation (Community › if your CSF is under the instrument flight rules
Service Flights – Conditions on Flight Crew (IFR), you must have at least 20 hours of flight
Licences) Instrument 2019. time in an aircraft of the same type to be used
for the CSF
A CSF involves:
› if your CSF is in a multi-engine aeroplane,
› the transport of one or more patients so they you must have at least 25 hours of flight time
can receive non-emergency medical treatment as pilot in command of any multi-engine
or services aeroplane
› the transport of a patient from a treatment › if you hold a CPL and are not also an ATPL
destination to any other place. holder, you need 150 hours as pilot in
CSFs provide support and assistance to patients command of an aeroplane or helicopter
and their families or carers without charge. › if you hold a PPL you must have at least:
Note: Medical treatment is not provided on » 400 hours of flight time in an aeroplane or a
board the aircraft for the flight other than the helicopter
administering of medication or in response to
an unexpected medical emergency. » 250 hours of flight time as pilot in command
in an aeroplane or a helicopter.
To conduct a CSF, you must hold a:
Note: You must not conduct a CSF flight under
› PPL, CPL or ATPL the night VFR.
› a current class 1 or 2 medical certificate or You must also record information that the flight
medical exemption. is a CSF in your logbook.

1.32 Conduct of parachute

operations
Reference should be made to:
› CASR 105 Parachuting from Aircraft
› Part 105 (Parachuting from Aircraft) Manual of
Standards
› CASA EX105/23 – Part 105 (Parachute
Operators and Pilots) Instrument 2023.

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42 | Chapter 1 Understanding the purposes, functions and key concepts of licensing

1.33 Conduct of air If this section applies to you, you are exempted
from the following provisions:
displays, including › CASR 91.267 (Minimum height rules –
aerobatics practice populous areas and public gatherings) and
Part 91 MOS Chapter 12
(Instrument CASA EX07/24 Low-level
Operations (Air Displays and Aerobatic › subregulation 61.065 (1) (Conduct of
Manoeuvres) Exemption 2024) authorised activities – holders of flight crew
licences), prohibiting you from conducting
This section applies if you are the pilot in low-level operations
command of an aircraft and you:
› subregulation 61.375 (7) (Limitations on
› do not hold a low-level rating or aerial exercise of privileges of pilot licences – rating).
application rating and you are conducting a
low-level operation from time to time either:
» at an air display approved by CASA
» during practice for an air display approved
by CASA at an aerodrome specified by
CASA (this must be in an instrument under
regulation 165 of CAR)
› hold an aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity
endorsement, and you are conducting
a low-level operation from time to time
to practice aerobatic manoeuvres at an
aerodrome specified by CASA (this must be in
an instrument under regulation 165 of CAR).

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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 43

chapter 2
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR GAINING A PILOT
LICENCE, RATING OR
ENDORSEMENT

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44 | Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement

2.1 Overview 2.2 Who is eligible to be

To obtain a flight crew licence, rating or granted an Australian
endorsement, you must be trained and
examined to the applicable Part 61 and flight crew licence
MOS requirements and meet the applicable (FCLM 3.2.3)
experience requirements.
Eligible applicants for Australian flight crew
This chapter details the legislative requirements licences can be divided into three main groups:
for obtaining a pilot licence (aeroplane) and
associated ratings or endorsements and includes › Australian residents and overseas applicants
information on the following: with no licence (see chapter 4 of this guide)

› eligibility for a flight crew licence › Australian defence force qualified pilot
applicants who graduated from a recognised
› flight training operators Australian defence force course (see
› English proficiency requirements chapter 18 of this guide)
› training activities without a licence, rating or › overseas qualified pilot applicants wishing to
endorsement fly Australian-registered aircraft in Australia or
overseas (see chapter 16 and 17 of this guide).
› training in an approved flight simulator
› medical certificate requirements As an applicant for an Australian flight crew
licence you must:
› carriage of documents by licence holders
› be competent in aviation English language to
› an overview of requirements for: at least level 4 (see section 2.4 of this guide)
» aeronautical knowledge examinations › be qualified to hold the licence by having:
» flight training competency standards » passed all the theory and practical training
» flight test requirements requirements
» application requirements for a licence, rating » the required aeronautical experience
or endorsement » passed a flight test for the licence and
» granting of a licence, rating or endorsement associated aircraft category rating
» flight time and aeronautical experience › hold a current medical applicable to the level of
» flight reviews and proficiency checks licence sought (see section 2.7 of this guide)

› cancellation of a licence, rating or endorsement › be a fit and proper person

by CASA › pass an aviation security status check (see
› other approved courses or professional section 1.18 of this guide)
development › submit all the required documentation
› pilot certificates issued by a sport aircraft body including any required evidence documents

› recognition of hours for an aeroplane category › pay the application fee for the licence.
flight crew licence. In order to make an application for a flight crew
licence you must:
› complete and submit the required
documentation
› submit the relevant application form(s)
available from the CASA website
› ensure the flight examiner completes and
submits a flight test report indicating a pass
along with the examination result advice,
knowledge deficiency report (KDR) and any
previous fail flight test reports to CASA.

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 Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement | 45

Applications must be made on the relevant Part 142 training

form to ensure all the required information
is provided and to assist CASA to process the A Part 142 training organisation is approved to
application. For RPL, PPL, CPL and ATPL licences, conduct flight training activities in an aircraft or
the flight test report is entered on the respective an approved flight simulation training device.
application form. These activities include:

Applications for an RPL, PPL and CPL can be › multi-crew cooperation training
made through myCASA. › contracted recurrent training
› contracted checking
2.3 Flight training providers › integrated training for a private pilot licence
(PPL) or commercial pilot licence (CPL)
Overview
› air transport pilot licence (ATPL) and multi-pilot
Flight training is a critical component of the flight crew licences (MPL) training
crew licensing system. The providers of flight
› training for aircraft type ratings and differences
training play a key role in achieving high training
training (other than for types that are listed as
standards. Training providers are authorised
Part 141 training)
by Part 141 and Part 142 of CASR. There are
two exceptions which can be conducted by the › training in an approved flight simulation
holder of a flight instructor rating: training device (FSTD).
› flight training for flight activity endorsements An integrated training course is an intensive
program that combines theory and practical flight
› flight training for design feature endorsements.
training. The training is designed to be completed
Operators conducting Part 141 or Part 142 flight within a condensed time period.
activities are generally called a flight training
Your theory training is undertaken in parallel to
operator (FTO). Providers often hold more than
your practical training in a planned and logical
one authorisation, depending on the kind of
sequence. This enables the theory to be applied
training they are conducting.
to the practical components of your training.
There are two types of courses to obtain
The benefit of integrated training is that
your licence:
progress in the course can be achieved earlier
› integrated courses (only conducted by a and therefore the flying required, especially
Part 142 training organisation) the practice time, can be reduced compared
to non-integrated training. For example, the
› non-integrated courses.
minimum hours of experience for getting your
A flight training operator can hold both a CPL from an integrated course of training is
Part 141 and a Part 142 authorisation. 150 hours. A non-integrated training course
requires a minimum of 200 hours.
You may have previous flight training that can (in
most circumstances) be recognised by the FTO Some, but not all, Part 142 operators
as satisfying components of your training course. also function as Registered Training
Your FTO will assess your training, current Organisations (RTOs) and may provide
knowledge and skills to determine any further tertiary qualifications like degrees,
training required before you are recommended diplomas, or certificates. It may also
for a flight test. For example, aeronautical be possible to apply for a student loan
experience in a helicopter will contribute towards for the CPL training component with
your aeroplane category licence provided you some RTOs.
undertake training in a non-integrated course.
It will not count towards aeronautical experience
if you undertake an integrated course of training.
See chapter 14 of this guide.

When seeking training you must ensure

the training organisation is authorised to
conduct the training you require.

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46 | Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement

2.4 English language

proficiency requirements
(FCLM 3.6)
To hold an Australian licence, or endorsement, you
must meet the MOS English language proficiency
standards. Your ability to satisfy this requirement
is usually assessed during your training.
English language proficiency (ELP) is critical for
safety. ELP is required if you are:
Civil Aviation Safety Authority › taking a flight test for a flight crew licence
› applying for a pilot licence
› applying for a recreational pilot licence flight
Part 141 training radio endorsement, controlled aerodrome
endorsement or airspace endorsement
Part 141 training activities include all Part 61
licences, ratings and endorsements other than › exercising the privileges of a flight crew licence
the flight examiner rating and flight activity and
› a student pilot flying solo and operating an
design feature endorsement training. A Part 141
aircraft radio.
training organisation offers non-integrated
courses relating to recreational, private Note: This requirement does not apply if
and commercial flight training. A Part 141 you are the holder of a pilot licence that was
organisation cannot provide integrated and granted on or before 4 March 2008 and the
multi-crew training. flight is within Australian territory.
The advantage of choosing a Part 141 provider There are two kinds of ELP – Aviation English
is that you can accumulate relevant experience Language Proficiency (AELP) and General English
gradually, at your own pace. You can also Language Proficiency (GELP).
combine your training activities in a more
This section details the requirements for AELP
flexible way.
and GELP assessments and assessors.
If you complete an integrated training Note: When applying for the grant of an
course to obtain your PPL, you must have aeronautical radio operator certificate you must
a minimum of 35 hours of aeronautical provide evidence of your AELP or GELP (as is
experience as a pilot whereas for a PPL applicable).
conducted with a Part 141 operator
you will need complete a minimum of There is a current exemption that
40 hours aeronautical experience. You simplifies the English language proficiency
may, however, include other aircraft assessment process. The exemption
category hours in the 40 hour total. permits you to undertake an AELP
assessment with an approved person,
whereas the current Part 61 legislation
Single-person instructors
only permits, in the first instance, this
Single-person instructors can seek approval from assessment to be undertaken by CASA or
CASA to provide non-complex flight training. an examiner. See section 2.4 of this guide.
The instructor can only provide training in line
with their instructor privileges. This training is
usually limited to design feature and flight activity
Aviation English language proficiency
endorsements (such as spinning, aerobatics (61.255 and 61.260 and MOS Schedule 2)
and formation). An AELP assessment scores your verbal
With approval, a single-person instructor can also proficiency in English and aviation terminology.
provide flight reviews in certain circumstances. The details of the assessment are described in
Some single-person instructors also hold a unit AEL in Schedule 2 of the MOS.
Part 141 authorisation.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

You must apply in writing to CASA or an examiner Your AELP assessment will be current as follows:
for an AELP assessment.
› ICAO level 6: indefinitely
You must hold a current AELP for the issue of:
› ICAO level 5: 6 years from the date of the
› a recreational pilot licence (RPL) with a flight assessment
radio endorsement
› ICAO level 4: 3 years from the date of
› a private pilot licence (PPL) the assessment.
› a commercial pilot licence (CPL) You must undertake a new assessment before
the end of the period specified to continue to
› an air transport pilot licence (ATPL).
exercise the privileges of your licence.
The assessment includes pronunciation,
You can find detailed information on the AELP
structure, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension
and assessment procedures on the CASA website
and interactions. The assessment system
at Aviation English Language Proficiency.
is based on the ICAO English Language
proficiency standards.
General English language proficiency
You receive a score between 1 and 6 for each (61.255 and 61.265 and MOS Schedule 2)
item. Your overall rating will be the lowest item
score you receive. The GELP assesses everyday use of English and
does not test knowledge of aviation-specific
If CASA or your examiner determines you do terminology. The GELP can only be used to
not meet the ICAO level 6 English language apply for specific licences and certificates.
requirements you will be referred to an aviation
English language proficiency assessor. The GELP applies to you if you are either just
starting your flight training or want to be able
If this assessor determines you meet the ICAO to use aviation air-band radios. The required
Level 4, 5, or 6 aviation English proficiency standards are described in unit GEL in
standard you have passed the assessment. Schedule 2 of the MOS.
If you do not meet this standard you will need
to undertake any training recommended before
reattempting the assessment.

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You may use your GELP for the issue of Alternative AELP and
the following: GELP means of assessment
› recreational pilot licence holders (RPL) who do (Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew
not have a flight radio endorsement Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
› an aeronautical radio operator certificate Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
(AROC).
CASA may, in writing, approve a person to
For an RPL, the English proficiency requirements conduct assessments of the AELP or GELP of
are slightly different to other licences. If you are individuals as required by instrument EX32/24.
applying for an RPL, you must:
Alternate AELP assessment
› have been assessed by CASA or an examiner
as meeting the general English language You may apply to CASA, in writing, to have an
proficiency requirements in the MOS aviation English language proficiency (AELP)
Schedule 2 assessor conduct your AELP assessment.
Once you have completed your assessment
› have satisfied your applicable Part 141 or
with the assessor (approved person) to the
Part 142 Head of Operations (HOO) or an
required standard, you are the holder of an
instructor authorised by the HOO that you
alternate AELP. Your alternate AELP meets the
have successfully completed one of the general
requirements of a current AELP.
English language proficiency tests in the MOS.
You can find information on the GELP and This exemption permits you to
assessment procedures on the CASA website at undertake an AELP assessment with an
General English Language Proficiency. approved person, whereas the current
Part 61 legislation only permits, in the
See section 2.4 of this section of the guide – first instance, this assessment to be
Alternative GELP assessments. undertaken by CASA or an examiner.

Who may be an English language Alternate GELP assessment

proficiency assessor (61.270)
You may apply, in writing, to an approved person
You may apply to CASA for approval to be an for a general English language proficiency (GELP)
English language proficiency assessor provided assessment.
you have successfully completed an approved
course in aviation English language proficiency Once you have completed your assessment with
training and assessment. the assessor (approved person) to the required
standard, you are a GELP holder.
Once CASA is satisfied you have completed
an approved course, CASA must, subject to This exemption permits you to
regulation 11.055, issue you an approval. undertake a GELP assessment with an
approved person, whereas the current
Part 61 legislation only permits this
assessment to be undertaken by CASA,
an examiner or head of operations of a
Part 141 or Part 142 operation.

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 Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement | 49

2.5 Training activities Flight activities without a rating

or endorsement (61.125)
without a licence, rating or You may undertake activities for which
endorsement you do not hold the relevant rating or
endorsement provided:
During your flight training, to gain your licence,
rating or endorsement, you will be authorised to › you are a licensed pilot
conduct certain activities under the supervision of
› you meet the applicable aeronautical
your instructor or examiner. These are as follows:
experience requirements
› operating an aircraft radio without a licence
› the activity is approved and conducted under
› flights without a rating or endorsement the supervision of your flight instructor
› flights without a proficiency check or › you are receiving flight training or taking a flight
flight review. test to gain the rating or endorsement.

A flight activity includes aerobatics,

formation flying and spinning.

Flight activities without a proficiency

check or flight review (61.126)
If you have not successfully completed the
required proficiency check or flight review for a
particular activity, you may only undertake that
Civil Aviation Safety Authority activity when undertaking the applicable:
› proficiency check
› flight review
Operating an aircraft radio
without a licence (61.120) › related training.

During your flight training, you will be required This would apply, for example, after the
to make radio transmissions. expiry of your previous proficiency check
or flight review for the activity.
Regulation 91.625 of CASR states you must not
transmit on an aviation safety radio frequency A flight activity includes aerobatics,
unless authorised or qualified to do so. formation flying and spinning.
However, during flight training (to gain your licence,
rating or endorsement), you are authorised and
may transmit on an aviation safety radio frequency 2.6 Training in an approved
without the applicable flight crew licence or flight
radio endorsement if the transmissions are: simulator
› made while you are receiving training for a Training in an approved simulator –
flight crew licence or flight radio endorsement
when required (61.205)
› approved by your instructor for either:
In large and complex aircraft, training for some
» safely conducting a flight your flight ratings and endorsements can involve high-risk
instructor approves activities and sequences.
» receiving aircraft radio training.

As the holder of a flight crew licence or

the holder of a recreational pilot licence
and a flight radio endorsement you may
operate an aircraft radio.

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50 | Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement

As a result you must use an approved FSTD standards for multi‑crew

simulator and not an aircraft in the cooperation training
following circumstances:
(Legislative instrument F2015L01428)
› training involving an aircraft class rating or
Prescribed qualification standards for FSTD (MCC
type rating in an aircraft certified to carry more
training – aeroplane) instrument 2105 (edition 1)
than 9 passengers when an approved flight
simulator is available within Australia If you are conducting training in a flight
simulation training device (FSTD) for multi-crew
› training involving an aircraft class rating or
cooperation (MCC), you must refer to the
type rating in an aircraft certified to carry more
legislative instrument F2015L01428. The
than 19 passengers and when an approved
instrument sets out the qualification standards
simulator is available outside Australia
required of an FSTD for use in MCC training.
› training involving an aircraft class rating or
type rating in an aircraft with a maximum
certified take-off weight of more than 8,618 kg 2.7 Medical certificate
and when an approved simulator is available
outside Australia. requirements
Available for training means able to be General (61.405, 61.410 and 61.415)
used for the training.
To undertake a fight test and to exercise
the privileges of your licence you must hold
a valid medical certificate, exemption or
self-declaration and:
› comply with any limitations or conditions
stated on the certificate or exemption
› not exercise the privileges of your licence
during any period of temporary medical
unfitness that could render you unable to
exercise those privileges safely.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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 Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement | 51

Table 3: Medical certificate requirements

Licence type Medical requirements Certificate currency

Recreational pilot hold one of the following: for a medical certificate, the
licence (RPL) › a current Class 1 or 2 medical shortest of the following
holder periods, commencing on
› a current recreational aviation medical the day it was signed by the
practitioner’s certificate that meets the medical practitioner and
modified Austroads medical standard detailed ending:
in regulation 67.262 (see below in this section) › 24 months after that day if
and you: you are less than 65 years
» have provided a copy to CASA › 12 months after that day if
» have received written acknowledgement you are 65 years or older
from CASA of the receipt of the copy › at the stated time on the
» carry both above documents in the aircraft certificate
› a medical exemption for a Class 5 medical self-
› a Class 5 medical self-declaration declaration see section 2.7
of this guide for the currency
specific to age range
Private pilot hold one of the following: for a medical certificate, the
licence (PPL) › a current Class 1 or 2 medical shortest of the following
holder periods, commencing on
› a medical exemption the day it was signed by the
› a Class 5 medical self-declaration medical practitioner and
If flying a recreational aircraft under the VFR ending:
(only), you may hold the following and not as › 24 months after that day if
detailed above: you are less than 65 years
› a current recreational aviation medical › 12 months after that day if
practitioner’s certificate that meets the you are 65 years or older
modified Austroads medical standard detailed › at the stated time on
in regulation 67.262 (see below in this section) the certificate.
and you:
for a Class 5 medical self-
» have provided a copy to CASA declaration see section 2.7
» have received written acknowledgement of this guide for the currency
from CASA of the receipt of the copy specific to age range
» carry both above documents in the aircraft
Relevant private hold an aviation medical certificate as stated on the certificate
pilot licence (basic Class 2).
holder (see details (CASA Instrument EX69/21 – Medical
below this table) Certification (Private Pilot Licence Holders
with Basic Class 2 Medical Certificate)
Exemption 2021 applies)

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Licence type Medical requirements Certificate currency

Commercial pilot hold one of the following: the shortest of the following
licence (CPL) › a current Class 1 medical periods, commencing on
holder the day it was signed by the
› a medical exemption medical practitioner and
Note: As the holder of a CPL, you may exercise ending:
the privileges of a: › 24 months after that day if
› PPL if you hold a current Class 2 medical you are less than 65 years
certificate › 12 months after that day if
› RPL if you hold a current recreational you are 65 years or older
aviation medical practitioners’ certificate › at the stated time on the
and you: certificate
» have provided a copy to CASA
» have received written acknowledgement
from CASA of the receipt of the copy
» carry both above documents in the aircraft
Multi-crew pilot hold one of the following: the shortest of the following
licence (MPL) › a current Class 1 medical periods, commencing on
holder the day it was signed by the
› a medical exemption medical practitioner and
ending:
› 24 months after that day if
you are less than 65 years
› 12 months after that day if
you are 65 years or older
› at the stated time on the
certificate
Air transport pilot hold one of the following: the shortest of the following
licence (ATPL) › a current Class 1 medical periods, commencing on
holder the day it was signed by the
› a medical exemption medical practitioner and
Note: As the holder of an ATPL, you may ending:
exercise the privileges of a: › 24 months after that day if
› PPL if you hold a current Class 2 medical you are less than 65 years
certificate › 12 months after that day if
› RPL if you hold a current recreational you are 65 years or older
aviation medical practitioners’ certificate › at the stated time on the
and you: certificate
› have provided a copy to CASA
› have received written acknowledgement
from CASA of the receipt of the copy
› carry both above documents in the aircraft

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 Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement | 53

Note: CASR 67.262 refers to the definition Class 5 medical self-declaration

of ‘meets the modified Austroads medical (Instrument number CASA EX01/24 Flight
standards’.
Crew Medical Status (Class 5 Medical Self-
Note: You are a relevant private pilot licence
declaration) Exemption 2024)
holder if you:
The Class 5 medical self-declaration allows
› hold a PPL
private and recreational pilots to self-assess
› having applied to CASA and been issued an and self-declare, without requiring a medical
aviation medical certificate (basic Class 2) assessment. You must meet fitness and eligibility
requirements, complete and pass an online
› have been certified as meeting the
test and operate in accordance with specified
basic Class 2 medical standard by a
operational limitations.
medical examiner.
You may apply for a Class 5 medical
Note: You may only exercise the privileges
self-declaration if you are:
of your relevant private pilot licence (this
includes exercising the privileges of any related › a student pilot
operational rating, instrument endorsement
› an applicant for an RPL
or flight activity endorsement) if you are
undertaking a single-pilot operation and: › the holder of a PPL or an RPL conducting
single-pilot operations only.
› the most recent fitness review date has not
passed When you complete the medical fitness online
portal self-assessment on the CASA website,
› the flight is a private operation, or you are
you will automatically be provided with a Class 5
undertaking a flight test, relevant check or
medical self-declaration. You must always keep
review associated with your PPL or RPL
a copy on you while you are exercising the
› the flight is VFR by day, below 10,000 ft, within privileges associated with your self-declaration
Australian territory and in a piston-engine and show that copy to any CASA inspector who
aeroplane with a MTOW of less than 8,618 kg wishes to see it.
› if carrying passengers, you have informed Your Class 5 medical self-declaration must be
each passenger (or their legal guardian) renewed before the date specified on your
that you: self-declaration document or you cannot
continue to exercise the privileges of your Class
» do not hold a standard medical certificate
5 medical self-declaration. Periods of validity are
but hold an aviation medical certificate
as shown in table 4 and will also appear on your
(basic Class 2), that is assessed against the
self-declaration document.
Ausroads commercial vehicle driver medical
standards and permits you to use your PPL
(with conditions)
» you are carrying your aviation medical
certificate (basic Class 2) and a copy of
those conditions.

Table 4: Period of validity for a Class 5 medical self-declaration

Your age at the time of You hold a conditional Period of time at which another
completing the online driver licence self-declaration will be required
assessment
Younger than 40 years No 5 years
Yes 2 years
Between 40 and 75 years No 2 years
Yes 2 years
Older than 75 years Yes or No 1 year

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There are certain circumstances that will stop » the date specified on your Class 5 medical
you being eligible to hold a Class 5 medical self-declaration has passed
self-declaration:
» you know or have reasonable grounds to
› you will temporarily stop being an eligible believe that you have a medically significant
person if you have a medically significant condition that has lasted for more than
condition that lasts for more than 30 days and 60 days that impairs your ability to conduct
impairs you from undertaking: a solo flight.
» a solo flight in an aircraft, if you are a As the holder of a Class 5 medical self-declaration
student pilot you must conduct all flights:
» a flight test if you are applying for an RPL, › under the VFR by day
or a rating
› below an altitude of 10,000 ft
» single pilot operations as the holder of an
› within Australian-administered airspace
RPL or PPL
› in an aircraft with a maximum take-off weight
› you will stop being eligible if you:
(MTOW) less than 2,000 kg.
» become a disqualified person
In addition, any flight test you undertake cannot
» have a medically significant condition that carry passengers or be flown in formation with
lasts for more than 60 days and impairs you another aircraft.
from undertaking:
You must not commence a solo flight, a flight test
– a solo flight in an aircraft if you are a or a flight as the pilot of a single-pilot operation if:
student pilot
› your self-declaration is no longer valid
– a flight test if you are applying for an RPL,
› you believe you have a medically significant
a PPL or a rating
condition that will impair your ability to fly
– single pilot operations as the holder of an
› you are a disqualified person
RPL or PPL.
› you stopped being an eligible person and have
As a student pilot, applicant for an RPL, or holder
not again successfully completed your Class 5
of an RPL or PPL in single-pilot operations:
medical online assessment for medical fitness
› you must notify CASA within 30 days if you
You must cease a solo flight, a flight test or a
know or believe you have a medically significant
flight as the pilot of a single-pilot operation as
condition that has lasted for more than 30 days
soon as practicable (i.e., land early, divert or
that impairs your ability to conduct a solo flight
change altitude) if:
› you must notify CASA within 30 days
› there are changes to your health (temporary or
and surrender your Class 5 medical
longer-term) that may impact your ability to fly
self-declaration if:
solo or will have an impact on aviation safety
» you become a disqualified person
› any issue arises that reduces your capacity to
because you:
control the aircraft.
– have a driver's licence refused or cancelled
If you are required to wear correcting lenses
because you do not comply with the
you must:
required medical standards or have
failed to undergo a required medical › have acceptable correcting lenses available for
examination use during all flights
– are diagnosed with a disqualifying medical › have within reach, while performing duties
condition essential to the operation of the aircraft during
flight a spare pair of spectacles for each pair of
– are regularly taking or using a disqualifying
correcting lenses that you require.
medication or substance
– are experiencing problematic use of a
substance

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Exempted activity – Foreign cadet pilots

medical requirements (Instrument number CASA EX32/24
(Instrument number CASA EX28/23 Class 1 Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters
Medical Certificate (Certain Flights by Holders (Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
of a Commercial Pilot Licence or Air Transport If you are a foreign cadet pilot, you are not
Pilot Licence) Exemption 2023) required to hold a current Class 1 medical
If you are the holder of a CPL or ATPL and wish certificate to undertake a CPL flight test if you:
to conduct an exempted activity, you may do › hold a current Class 2 medical certificate
so without a current Class 1 medical certificate
provided you hold a current Class 2 medical › hold, or have held, a Class 1 medical
certificate. An exempted activity is a flight that is: assessment issued by the National Aviation
Authority (NAA) of your country of residence.
› not conducted (wholly or in part) in a foreign
country Note: A foreign cadet pilot is someone who:

› in an aircraft with a MTOW less than 8,618 kg › is not a citizen or a permanent resident of
Australia
› not carrying passengers.
› is a student registered to undergo flight
You may conduct these operations as an training with a Part 141 or Part 142 operator
experienced pilot who no longer meets the
Class 1 medical standard (either by circumstance › is undertaking training for a CPL under the
or choice). For example, you could conduct aerial sponsorship of a foreign aircraft operator
photography, aerial survey or freight carriage › takes a flight test for a CPL.
(if the operations meet the exempted activity
requirements above) holding a Class 2 medical.
Note: This exemption does not apply to you 2.8 Carriage of personal
when operating a community service flight (see
section 2.16 of this guide).
documents by licence
holders
(61.420)
You must carry the following personal
documents on any flight to exercise the privileges
of your licence:
› your licence document
› your Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
(as applicable)
› a recreational aviation medical certificate and
the acknowledgement from CASA of receipt of
the medical certificate (if applicable)
› your exemption to a medical certificate
(if applicable)
› your Class 5 medical self-declaration
(if applicable)
› a current document that includes a photo of
your full face, head and shoulders that was
issued in the last 10 years by a Commonwealth,
Civil Aviation Safety Authority state or territory government authority or a
government authority of a foreign country,
state or province.

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2.9 Aeronautical Where to find any specific licence,

rating or endorsement aeronautical
knowledge examinations knowledge examination requirement
(MOS Schedule 3) (MOS Schedule 3)
The purpose of aeronautical knowledge Specific aeronautical knowledge examination
examinations is to assess if you have obtained requirements by licence and endorsement are
and can apply the knowledge required to safely found in the following sections:
exercise the authorisation you are training
for. The knowledge standards are specified in › RPL:
Schedule 3 of the MOS. » MOS – Schedule 3, Appendix 1
A Part 141 or Part 142 operator may set » section 5 of the FCLM
aeronautical knowledge examinations for the RPL
and a flight crew rating (other than an instrument » section 15 of the FCLM
rating and for flight crew endorsements). The › PPL:
policy and detailed requirements for an operator
to develop their examinations are contained in » MOS – Schedule 3, Appendix 1
paragraph 15.6 – CASA Examination Policy – » section 6 of the FCLM
CASR 141 and 142 Operators of the Flight Crew
Licensing Manual on the CASA website. » section 15 of the FCLM

For theory examinations set by CASA or a › CPL:

Part 141 or Part 142 operator, the examination » MOS – Schedule 3, Appendix 1
system generates a knowledge deficiency
report (KDR). The KDR references the relevant » section 7 of the FCLM
knowledge standards where you have failed » section 15 of the FCLM
to demonstrate competency by answering a
question incorrectly. › ATPL:

The pass grades and time limits for all theory » MOS – Schedule 3, Appendix 1
examinations are prescribed in Schedule 4 of the » section 8 of the FCLM
MOS. For an examination with multiple parts, you
must pass all parts within the required window » section 15 of the FCLM.
(two years). After this time, if you have not passed
all parts, you must undertake all parts of the
examination again.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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Specific aeronautical knowledge examination You need to show your ID to the exam
requirements by rating are found in the supervisor, also known as the invigilator, before
following sections: each exam. The invigilator will not accept
photocopies of documents or identity documents
› Schedule 1 section L of the MOS covers ratings
that have expired. Acceptable forms of ID are:
and endorsements
› Australian aviation security identity card (ASIC)
› section 4 of the FCLM.
› a driver’s licence from any Australian state road
Aeronautical knowledge examination transport licensing authority
requirements (61.215) › a digital driver’s licence (DDL) from an
Australian road transport licencing authority
CASA may set aeronautical knowledge
examinations for the grant of a flight crew › an Australian government (state or federal)
licence, rating or endorsement in accordance public service or statutory body ID (you must
with the aeronautical knowledge standards be a current serving member and the ID must
mentioned in the MOS. have the official Australian Commonwealth or
Australian State emblem)
A Part 141 or Part 142 operator, with a regulation
61.040 approval and in accordance with the › an Australian (state or federal) police
MOS, may set aeronautical knowledge exams for: or Australian military ID (if you are a
current member)
› recreational pilot licences
› a current international passport
› flight crew ratings other than instrument
ratings › a current Australian passport
› flight crew endorsements. › ‘Proof of Age’ or ‘Proof of Identity’ ID issued
by the Australian federal or state police or an
Third-party providers may be approved by
Australian state government shop-front.
CASA to facilitate exams. These exams are
conducted at times and places decided by the Note: New AVIDs are simple letters with no
relevant provider. photograph. This type of AVID will not be
accepted.
Note: For aeronautical knowledge
examinations specific to the issue of your ATPL
see section 4.14 of this guide. Pass standards for
aeronautical knowledge exams
Identification requirements for (61.225 and 61 MOS Schedule 4, Section 1)
sitting a flight crew licence exam When you complete an aeronautical knowledge
Before sitting a flight crew licence exam, you exam, you will be issued a pass if you meet the
must show a current photographic identification applicable requirements from the MOS (see
document (ID). table 5).
An exam may have separate parts, and you must
pass all of those parts within 2 years to be taken
to have a pass in that examination.

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Table 5: Pass Standards Required (MOS 11 and MOS Schedule 4 Section 1 Appendices 1.0 1.4)

Examination code Examination subject Pass standard %

Recreational Pilot Licence (RPL)
RPLA RPL – Aeroplane 70
Private Pilot Licence (PPL)
PPLA PPL – Aeroplane 70
Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) and Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
CNAV* CPL – Navigation 70
CMET* CPL – Meteorology 70
CHUF* CPL – Human Factors 70
CLWA CPL – Flight Rules and Air Law 80
CADA CPL – Aerodynamics 70
CSYA CPL – Aircraft General Knowledge 70
CFPA CPL – Operation, Performance and Planning 70
Air Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL) and Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
AALW* ATPL – Air Law 80
AHUF* ATPL – Human Factors 70
AMET* ATPL – Meteorology 70
ANAV* ATPL – Navigation 70
AFPA ATPL – Flight Planning 70
APLA ATPL – Performance and Loading 70
AASA ATPL – Aerodynamics and Aircraft Systems 70
IREX Instrument Rating 70

*Examinations are common to other aircraft category ratings e.g. helicopter.

Knowledge deficiency reports for

aeronautical knowledge exams
(61.230)
If your exam mark is less than 100% but greater
than 51%, you will receive a knowledge deficiency
report (KDR) from the examination provider. The
report will detail the competency standards in
which you are deficient.
If your training provider did not conduct
the exam, a copy will also be given to your
training provider.

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Process should you fail an If requested by CASA, you must demonstrate

aeronautical knowledge exam (61.225) to CASA that an Australian or foreign law (in
response to the COVID–19 pandemic) made
If you fail an exam, or part of an exam, the it impossible, impractical or unreasonable
following will apply: for you to pass all parts of the examination
› first, second or third fail of a specific subject within a two-year time period. For example,
examination there is no minimum re-training your exam sitting was cancelled due to state
period required and you may reattempt government-imposed restrictions.
when ready
› if you have had 3 failed attempts at an 2.10 Where to find
examination or part of an examination,
you are not permitted to attempt the specific licence, rating or
examination or part again for 3 months
from the third failed attempt
endorsement flight training
› if you have had 4 failed attempts at an
competency requirements
examination or part of an examination, you (61.195 and 61.235)
cannot attempt the examination or part again
until CASA is satisfied you have completed Specific flight training competencies by
appropriate remedial training. You must provide licence and endorsement can be found in the
CASA with proof of the theory retraining from following sections:
the provider or the HOO of the organisation › RPL:
where the retraining was undertaken, including
a detailed report of the retraining completed. » MOS – Schedule 1, section G

There are no specific requirements for retraining. » section 4 and 5 of the FCLM
Theory providers, flight schools and instructors › PPL:
should conduct retraining by going through each
of the KDR items and the key elements in that » MOS – Schedule 1, section H
particular subject, especially those that are safety » section 4 and 6 of the FCLM
related. It may not be necessary to repeat the
whole course. › CPL:
» MOS – Schedule 1, section I
Extension of time due to COVID
» section 4 and 7 of the FCLM
(Instrument number CASA EX138/21
Aeronautical Knowledge Examinations › ATPL:
(Extension of Time Due to COVID–19) » MOS – Schedule 1, section K
Exemption 2021) » section 4 and 8 of the FCLM.
You are exempt from the requirement of Specific flight training competencies by rating
completing all parts of either your commercial can be found in the following sections:
licence or air transport pilot licence within a
two year time period if you have: › Schedule 1 Section L of the MOS covers
ratings and endorsements
› passed at least 1 part of the aeronautical
knowledge exam for a commercial licence › section 4 of the FCLM.
or air transport licence between the
16 March 2018 and 15 September 2021
› requested in writing from CASA an extension
of the timeframe to complete the remaining
part(s) of the aeronautical knowledge exam
› passed all parts of the exam within 3 years.

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2.11 Flight test › (for other than an ATPL) have received written
certification from an approved person (see
requirements below) you meet these age, knowledge, flight
training, experience and English language
(61.235, 61.240, 61.245, 61.250 and requirements
MOS Schedule 5)
› (for other than an ATPL) your applicable
A flight test is an evaluation used to assess flight examiner:
multiple units and elements to confirm
your skills, knowledge and behaviours in an » has received, from your training provider,
operational context. your knowledge deficiency reports if your
score was less than 100%
The flight test evaluates your competency as
assessed by the training provider. It emphasises » is satisfied, regarding any identified
the skills needed to exercise authorisation deficiencies and associated competency
privileges safely. It should mirror real-world standards, you have sufficient knowledge to
flying situations, requiring problem-solving safely exercise your licence privileges
to demonstrate your ability to apply › for any flight tests in an aircraft, you must
learned skills, knowledge, and behaviours in have one of the following (see section 2.7 of
operational scenarios. this guide):
The flight test standards to be applied are » a current medical certificate of the class
detailed in Schedule 5 of the MOS. required for the licence (i.e., Class 1 or 2 or
a Class 5 medical self-declaration [for an
Licence flight test eligibility RPL only])
requirements (61.235) » a medical exemption
You are eligible to take any flight test other
» a recreational aviation medical practitioner’s
than those associated with overseas flight
certificate for an RPL flight test (only).
authorisations if you:
Note: An approved person, as described above,
› meet the minimum age requirements for
refers to:
the applicable licence:
› the head of operations (HOO) or a person
» 16 years of age for an RPL
nominated in the operations manual as
» 17 years of age for a PPL responsible for flight training of a Part 141
operator, if this is your training provider
» 18 years of age for a CPL
› the HOO or a person nominated in the
» 21 years of age for an ATPL operations manual as responsible for flight
» 18 years of age for an MPL training of a Part 142 operator, if this is your
training provider
› have passed the applicable aeronautical
knowledge examinations › the person who holds the approval if your
training provider is the holder of an approval
› meet the applicable flight training under regulation 141.035 or Part 142.040.
requirements
› meet the applicable aeronautical experience
requirements
› have a current aviation English language
proficiency assessment (or, for an RPL, meet
the English language proficiency requirements
in section 4.12 of this guide)

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Flight crew rating flight test eligibility Where to find flight test
requirements (61.235) requirements for licences, ratings or
You are eligible to take a flight test for a rating endorsements
(other than those associated with overseas Specific flight test requirements by licence and
ratings) if you have received written certification endorsement are found in the following sections
from an approved person, you meet the of the MOS:
knowledge, flight training and experience
requirements for the issue of the rating and you: › RPL:

› for an operational rating, pass the applicable » Schedule 1, section 12

aeronautical knowledge examinations » Appendix of Schedule 5, G.1
› meet the applicable flight training requirements › PPL:
› meet the applicable aeronautical experience » Schedule 1, section 12
requirements
» Appendix of Schedule 5, H.1
› have (for a flight test in an aircraft) one of the
following (see section 2.7 of this guide): › CPL:

» a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate » Schedule 1, section 12

» a Class 5 medical self-declaration (for » Appendix of Schedule 5, I.1

RPL only) » ATPL Schedule 1, section 12.
» a medical exemption Specific flight test requirements by rating are
» a recreational aviation medical found in the following sections:
practitioner’s certificate. › Schedule 1 section L of the MOS
Note: An approved person as described above › Appendix 5, Schedule L and Q.
refers to:
› the HOO or a person nominated in the Pass standards for flight tests (61.250)
operations manual as responsible for flight
During your flight test your flight examiner will
training of a Part 141 operator, if this is your
assess your performance against the MOS flight
training provider
test competency standards. If you meet these
› the HOO or a person nominated in the standards, you will be given a pass in the flight
operations manual as responsible for flight test for the licence, rating or endorsement.
training of a Part 142 operator, if this is your
training provider Aircraft or simulator flight test
› the person who holds the approval if your requirements (61.245)
training provider is the holder of an approval
Your flight test for a flight crew licence, rating or
under regulation 141.035 or Part 142.040.
endorsement must be conducted in either:

Consequences of taking a flight test › a relevant aircraft or an approved flight

simulator
when ineligible (61.240)
› an aircraft or approved flight simulator
If you complete a flight test without meeting
applicable to that category, class or type for a
all of the eligibility requirements, you will be
flight test for a rating or endorsement that is
considered not to have passed the test.
limited to a particular aircraft category, class
or type.

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Flight test requirements for aircraft 2.12 Application

with more than 9 seats (61.245)
If you are being tested for an aircraft class rating
requirements for
or type with a maximum certificated passenger your licence, rating
seating capacity of more than 9, and there is an
approved flight simulator available in Australia, or endorsement
your flight test must be conducted in the
applicable simulator, not the aircraft. Overview
Also refer to section 2.6 of this guide. Once you have completed the Part 61
requirements, you may apply to CASA for your
Flight test requirements for aircraft licence, rating or endorsement.
with more than 19 seats or 8,618 kg
Who may grant your licence, rating
maximum take-off weight (61.245)
or endorsement (61.150)
If you are being tested for an aircraft class rating
or type with a maximum certificated passenger CASA may grant you a Part 61 flight crew licence,
seating capacity of more than 19 or a maximum rating or endorsement.
certificated take-off weight of more than 8,618 kg, A flight examiner may grant a rating on a pilot
and there is an approved flight simulator licence or endorsement provided the rating or
available outside Australia, your flight test endorsement is not:
must be conducted in the applicable simulator,
not the aircraft. › an aircraft category rating

Also refer to section 2.6 of this guide. › a flight examiner rating

› a flight test endorsement.
Flight examiner or 61.040 approval
For more information on flight examiner
holder flight test requirements qualifications and privileges, see chapter 12 of
(61.245) this guide.
Your flight test must be conducted by a flight Pilot instructors may grant a pilot licence
examiner or an applicable Part 61.040 approval endorsement other than:
holder (as nominated by your training provider).
› a flight examiner endorsement
CASA flight test notifications (61.245) › a grade 1 or grade 2 training endorsement
CASA may, before your flight test commences, › an endorsement for which a Part 61 flight test
and by written notice to your training provider, is required.
either:
For more information on pilot instructor
› nominate a different flight examiner or Part 61 qualifications and privileges, see chapter 11 of
approval holder to conduct your flight test this guide.
› nominate themselves to conduct the flight test. Part 141.035 or Part 142.040 approval
holders may grant a flight crew endorsement
if authorised to conduct the flight training for
the endorsement.
Part 61.040 approval holders may grant:
› a flight crew rating other than a flight examiner
rating
› a flight crew endorsement other than a flight
test endorsement.

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Applying for your flight crew licence, How CASA grants licences
rating or endorsement (61.155) (61.155, 61.160 and 61.175)
Once you have met the relevant Part 61 CASA must grant you a flight crew licence if you:
requirements for a licence, rating or
› meet the applicable Part 61 requirements
endorsement, you may apply for the grant
of that licence, rating or endorsement. › have a current aviation English language
proficiency assessment for a licence (other than
In many cases, the grant of a flight crew licence,
an RPL) or meet the regulation 61.265 English
rating or endorsement includes the underlying
language proficiency requirements for an RPL
requirement to hold another licence, rating or
endorsement. For example, before the issue of a › meet the requirements of regulation
low-level rating, you must hold a PPL, CPL or ATPL. 6.57 of the Aviation Transport Security
Regulations 2005 (Flight crew licences etc –
Both applications can be made at the same time.
requirements in relation to issue).
Any applicable underlying requirement is known
as the ‘first authorisation’ while the granting of Regulation 6.57 refers to providing
an additional licence, rating or endorsement is suitable evidence of your identity which
known as the ‘second authorisation’. is a Category A document (for example,
You may either: an Australian birth certificate or notice of
Australian citizenship) and either:
› apply for the first and second authorisations
at the same time › a category B document that provides
photographic proof of your identity
› apply for the second authorisation any time
(for example, an Australian driver’s
after applying for the first authorisation even
licence or passport [Australian
if you have yet to be granted the first.
or foreign])
Your application to CASA must be in writing and
› two category C documents (for
include a recent photograph showing your full
example, a Medicare card or private
face, head and shoulders. However, you do not
health membership card).
have to include the photograph if, within the
previous 10 years, you have already submitted Your application must:
a photo to CASA:
› be in writing
› in another flight crew licence application
› include an application for an aircraft category
› in response to a CASA identification request. rating if the application is for your pilot licence.
If you do not hold an existing licence, CASA will
2.13 Granting of a licence, issue you a licence document indicating you are
authorised to exercise the privileges of your new
rating or endorsement flight crew licence and any applicable ratings
or endorsements.
Overview If you already hold an existing licence, CASA will
CASA may issue any licence, rating or issue you a new licence document indicating you
endorsement, whereas flight examiners, are authorised to exercise your existing licence
instructors and approval holders are more privileges, your new licence privileges and any
limited and cannot, for example, issue licences. applicable ratings or endorsements.

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Granting an operational rating If you do not hold an existing licence, and

(61.165, 61.175 and 61.180 and FCLM 10.1) the applicable rating submission is part of
a new licence application, CASA will issue
Operational ratings significantly extend the you a new licence document along with the
privileges of your flight crew licence. applicable rating.
CASR 61 specifies the following for the issue of If you already hold an existing licence, CASA will
an operational rating: endorse your licence document to indicate you
› the minimum licence level required for the are authorised to exercise the privileges of the
issue of an operational rating rating or endorsement.

› the minimum hours Granting your endorsement

› whether an aeronautical knowledge examination (61.170, 61.175 and 61.180)
pass is required prior to applying for a flight test
CASA, or where applicable, a flight examiner,
for the issue of a rating.
instructor or approval holder, will grant you
For the issue of an operational rating a flight test an endorsement if you meet the Part 61
is required. An operational rating must be issued endorsement requirements.
with at least one endorsement on that rating.
To grant you an endorsement a flight examiner,
Subsequent to the issue of an operational rating,
instructor or approval holder must:
a suitably qualified and authorised flight examiner
can issue additional endorsements on your › indicate on your licence you are authorised to
operational rating. exercise the privileges of the endorsement
Maintaining a valid operational rating is your › give CASA written notice you meet all the
responsibility and will require either a proficiency applicable Part 61 endorsement requirements.
check or flight review depending on the rating.
Table 6 details operational ratings available If you do not hold an existing licence, and the
under Part 61. applicable endorsement submission is part
of a new licence application, CASA must issue
To grant you an applicable rating, a flight you a new licence document along with the
examiner, instructor or approval holder must: applicable endorsement.
› indicate on your licence document you are If you already hold an existing licence, CASA
authorised to exercise the privileges of the must endorse your licence document to indicate
applicable rating you are authorised to exercise the privileges of
the endorsement.
› give CASA written notice you meet all the
applicable Part 61 rating requirements.

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Table 6: Operational ratings – validity and revalidation requirements

Operational rating Validity Revalidation Revalidation to be

required conducted by
Instrument rating 12 months Proficiency check Flight examiner or
approved 61.040 holder
Private instrument rating 24 months Flight review
Night VFR rating 24 months Flight review
Flight instructor rating 24 months (12 months Proficiency check
on initial issue)
Simulator instructor rating 24 months (12 months Proficiency check
on initial issue)
Low-level rating 24 months (exemption Flight review
in place)
Aerial application rating 12 months Proficiency check
Flight examiner rating 24 months Proficiency check CASA or approved
61.040 holder

2.14 Flight training 2.15 Flight time and

requirements aeronautical experience
(61.195) (61.070, 61.075, 61.080, 61.085, 61.090, 61.095,
61.105 and 61.110)
When applying for a flight crew licence, rating or
endorsement, you must first have completed all In this guide, the term flight means in an
applicable training. This means you must have: aeroplane unless stated otherwise. For example,
flight time in any category of aircraft or flight time
› received training in all the units of competency
in an aircraft would also include:
detailed in the MOS for the licence, rating or
endorsement › a helicopter
› received the training from either: › an airship
» an instructor for a Part 141 or 142 operator › a glider
that is authorised to conduct flight training
› a gyroplane
for the licence, rating or endorsement
› a powered-lift aircraft.
» the holder of an approval under regulation
141.035 or 142.040 to conduct the training When calculating your flight time or aeronautical
experience, it is important to note if it is category
› been assessed as competent in each unit of
specific, i.e. in an aeroplane only or for all aircraft
competency by the instructor or approval
that incorporates all categories of aircraft as
holder
listed above.
› received a course completion certificate from
Your aeronautical experience as a pilot, when
your training provider to confirm you have
required to be determined, is both:
completed the units of competency of the
MOS and been assessed competent. › your flight time as a pilot
Note: This section does not apply to a › your simulated flight time.
design feature endorsement or flight activity
endorsement. See chapter 6 and 9 of this guide
for those requirements.

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Figure 8: Flight time as a pilot

solo flight

flight time during

which you are
receiving training

duration of the flight

flight time as pilot in you are the pilot
command in command of the
aircraft

you must hold a pilot

licence

you are performing

flight time as pilot the operator has
all duties of the pilot
flight time as a pilot in command under training and checking
in command of the
supervision responsibilites and
flight
the pilot in command
is authorised by the
operator
one of these applies
you are being
supervised by a flight
instructor or flight
flight crew of at least examiner and not
flight time as copilot
2 pilots receiving training

flight time during you are performing

which you are the copilot duties
flight instructor other than pilot in
command under
supervision
flight time during
which you are the
flight examiner

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Figure 9: Instrument fight time

provided you hold an

instrument rating or private
instrument rating or a
time spent piloting an multi-crew pilot licence
aircraft solely by reference to
instruments without external
visual reference (in IMC or
simulated IMC) does not apply to the holder
of a flight instructor rating or
flight examiner rating

provided you do not hold an

instrument rating, a private
dual instrument flight time
instrument rating or a
multi-crew pilot licence
instrument flight time

for a flight instructor during

the exercising of your
privileges or a flight review or
dual instrument flight time
in IMC

for a flight examiner during

a flight test or proficiency
check during instrument
flight time in IMC

Figure 10: Instrument ground time

provided you hold an

any time spent conducting instrument rating or private
simulated flight in a instrument rating or a
flight simulation training multi-crew pilot licence
device solely by reference
to instruments without
simulated external visual
does not apply to a simulator
reference points
instructor or flight examiner
instrument ground time

provided you do not hold an

instrument rating, a private
dual instrument ground time
instrument rating or a
multi-crew pilot licence

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2.16 Flight reviews and Who does the flight review?

proficiency checks You must demonstrate competency according to

each unit of competency mentioned in the MOS
(Schedule 2) to either:
Overview
› CASA
The purpose of a flight review and a proficiency
check is to assess your flying skills and › the holder of an approval under regulation
operational knowledge. 61.040

Like a flight review, a proficiency check assesses › a pilot instructor who is authorised to conduct
your competency to the standards specified by a flight review for the rating.
CASA. A flight examiner or a person authorised
by CASA will assess you. Flight review assessment
Completing a proficiency check for an Your flight instructor will design a flight review
operational rating in an aircraft can also satisfy that will allow them to assess your competency
the flight review requirement for the relevant according to the Part 61 Manual of Standards
aircraft rating. (MOS).

For example, if you complete an aerial application Your flight review may include an assessment
rating proficiency check in a single-engine for more than one rating provided you conduct
aeroplane, you satisfy the flight review the flight review in an aircraft included under the
requirement for the single-engine aeroplane relevant rating.
class rating. A flight review can also include training along with
an assessment.
Flight reviews (61.400)
If necessary, your instructor may require you to
You must have completed a flight review if you complete additional refresher training. You can
hold an aircraft rating, operational rating or complete the flight review over multiple flights
endorsement. For example: if needed. If the instructor determines you need
refresher training, an authorised Part 141 or
› aircraft class ratings
Part 142 flight instructor must then conduct
› aircraft type ratings the flight review.
› low-level ratings When you pass the flight review, the flight
instructor will notify CASA, who will update your
› private instrument flight rules (IFR) ratings
pilot licence records. Your licence will show the
› night visual flight rules (VFR) ratings. codes for all ratings you have been issued and
the details of your flight reviews.
A flight review (in most cases) must be completed
within the previous 2 years in order for you to
Logging flight time
exercise the privileges of your licence, rating
or endorsement. A flight review allows you to If you do not receive training during the flight
receive refresher training to achieve the required review, log the flight time as pilot in command
competencies. A fail result is not recorded in under supervision (PICUS).
this situation.
If the flight review requires you to complete flight
A flight review must have been completed within training, you should record the flight time in your
the last 2 years in: logbook as dual flight time.
› an aircraft relevant to the rating
Validity period of a flight review
› an approved flight simulator for the
Your flight review is valid until the end of the
flight review.
24th month after the month in which you
complete the flight review. If you pass a flight
review on 17 June 2024, then your flight review
is valid from 17 June 2024 – 31 July 2026.

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If you hold a flight review that is still valid (the Proficiency check
previous flight review) you may complete a flight
review for the rating within 3 months before Like a flight review, a proficiency check assesses
the expiry of your previous flight review. For your flying skills and operational knowledge.
example, if your existing flight review expires on Unlike a flight review, a proficiency check is a
31 July 2026, you may undertake a flight review pass or fail assessment and is not an opportunity
in May, June or July of 2026 and your new validity to receive training to achieve competency. You
will be 31 July 2028. may need to complete refresher training before
Note: As a holder of a low-level rating, the attempting a proficiency check to avoid losing
legislation requires your flight review to be the privileges.
undertaken every 12 months (regulation The following operational ratings require a
61.1060). This requirement applies to all proficiency check:
low-level rating holders. However, a legislative
instrument (CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing › instrument rating
and Other Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions) › aerial application rating.
Instrument 2024) has been issued that allows
for a 24 month period between flight reviews Conduct of the proficiency check
for the holder of a low-level rating, other than a
person with an aerial mustering endorsement. A flight examiner with the relevant flight test
This brings the requirement into line with other endorsement can do your proficiency check.
ratings subject to a flight review. See section 7.6 When an examiner occupies a control seat to
of this guide for further details. conduct the check in an aircraft, they must be:

Alternatives to a flight review › authorised to fly the type of aircraft

Completing a proficiency check for an › approved to conduct proficiency checks in

operational rating in an aircraft can also satisfy an aircraft.
the flight review requirement for the relevant
aircraft rating. Proficiency check assessment
Additionally, various ratings permit alternative You must meet the proficiency check standards
means of completing a flight review as detailed for your rating. These are similar to the standards
in the table below. specified for the flight test for the rating and are
outlined in the relevant section of the MOS.
Table 7: Alternatives to a flight review At the end of a successful check, the flight
examiner will record the details in your licence
Applicable rating Section within and notify CASA who will update your records.
this guide
If you do not meet the proficiency check
Aircraft class rating section 5.3 standards during the flight, the examiner will
Aircraft type rating section 5.4 let you know. In this situation, you cannot use
your rating until you have subsequently passed
Low-level rating section 7.6
another proficiency check.
Private instrument rating section 10.3
Before attempting the proficiency check again,
Night VFR rating section 10.4 you should consider refresher training from a
Part 141 or Part 142 flight training operator.
Note: If you are employed by an operator, you
will also need to complete operator proficiency Note: An operator proficiency check may
checks (OPC) to determine your competency. sometimes substitute for another Part 61
Completing an OPC may satisfy the flight review. proficiency check when conducted by a flight
examiner. This guide includes this information
as it applies to your authorisation.

Logging flight time

See section 2.11 of this guide.

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Validity period of a proficiency check Operator proficiency check

A proficiency check is valid for 12 months from An operator proficiency check is an assessment
the end of the month after the month that it conducted by an operator. It ensures you are
was completed. competent to conduct flights the operator has
assigned to you.
Your proficiency check is valid until the end of
the 12th month after the month in which you An operator proficiency check may sometimes
complete the flight review. If you pass a flight substitute for another Part 61 proficiency check
review on 17 June 2024, then your flight review when conducted by a flight examiner. This
is valid from 17 June 2024 – 31 July 2025. guide includes this information as it applies to
your authorisation.
If you hold a valid proficiency check (the previous
proficiency check) you may complete a proficiency Where your operator has received a 61.040
check for the rating within 3 months before the approval to have your operator proficiency check
expiry of your previous proficiency check. For substitute for another Part 61 required check,
example, if your existing proficiency check expires you can do your operator proficiency check with:
on 31 July 2025, you may undertake a proficiency
check in May, June or July of 2025 and your new › a check pilot
validity will be 31 July 2025. › the head of operations (HOO).
If the operator proficiency check includes
Alternatives to a proficiency check
instrument flight rules (IFR) operations, it may
also satisfy:
Table 8: Alternatives to a proficiency check –
guide sections › instrument proficiency check requirements
› flight review requirements for the class or type
Applicable proficiency Section within
of aircraft used.
check this guide
ATPL instrument section 4.14 Part 121, Part 133 and Part 135
proficiency check operators conducting air transport
operations and Part 138 operators with
Multi-crew pilot licence section 4.15 complex aerial work operations require
Aerial application rating section 8.7 a training and checking system. This
system may require the establishment
Instrument rating section 10.2
of a proficiency check process. You
Flight instructor rating section 11.2 must ensure you are compliant with
Simulator instructor rating section 11.3 the requirements of any operator with
whom you conduct operations.
Flight examiner rating section 12.12

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 Chapter 2 General requirements for gaining a pilot licence, rating or endorsement | 71

2.17 CASA cancellation of 2.20 Recognition of hours

a legacy licence, rating or in other than a registered
endorsement and recognised aircraft
(61.180 and 61.185) The aeronautical experience required for the
issue of a licence, rating or endorsement, can,
If CASA determines a rating or endorsement has
under certain circumstances include hours
been issued in error, CASA will cancel the rating
that are flown in a variety of aircraft including
or endorsement.
those registered with sport aircraft bodies
e.g. Recreational Aviation Australia (RAAUS).
2.18 Courses of training or Aeronautical experience for the issue of a licence
professional development requires a specific amount of flight time to be
accumulated prior to the licence being issued.
(61.210) This is expressed as flight time as a pilot. Flight
Any training you undertake must be: time as a pilot includes:

› conducted in accordance with the published › the duration of the following flights:
standards in the MOS » a solo flight
› contained in an approved course syllabus » a flight in which you receive flight training
› be assessed by an authorised person. » if you are a flight instructor, a flight during
Within a Part 141 or Part 142 operation, the which you exercise the privileges of your
person approved to assess competency would flight instructor rating
be either the head of operations (HOO), a person » if you are a flight examiner, a flight during
authorised by the HOO, or the person specifically which you exercise the privileges of your
approved to conduct the training. flight examiner rating
Where the course is approved under regulation › your flight time as:
61.040, the assessing person would be the
person who conducts the course. » pilot in command
Note: This regulation does not apply to an » pilot in command under supervision
instructor conducting training outside a » a copilot.
Part 141 or Part 142 organisation for a flight
crew endorsement. When the aeronautical experience required is
expressed as ‘flight time as a pilot’ this is not
aircraft category specific i.e., does not need to be
2.19 Pilot certificates accumulated in an aeroplane. Therefore, hours
accumulated on other aircraft categories (for
(issued by a sport aircraft example a helicopter) and other aircraft (such as
body) if you fly RAAUS aircraft with a pilot certificate) will
count towards the total of hours required.
Refer to chapter 15 of this guide – Recognition of
pilot certificates granted by sport aviation bodies. Aeronautical experience can also be described as
flight time in the category of aircraft. In this case
the hours that can be counted towards these
specific totals must be in the specific category of
aircraft required e.g. aeroplane.

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Aeronautical experience may also require hours The requirement for hours to be in a
to be flown in a registered or recognised aircraft. recognised or registered aeroplane
This is more specific again. If the aeronautical apply to the aeronautical experience
experience required is described as hours in a for the issue of a PPL or CPL conducted
recognised or registered aeroplane, then only within an integrated program. (See
those aircraft on the Australian register or that of sections 4.13 and 4.14 of this guide.)
a contracting state can be counted towards the This is distinct from the hours required
required hours. for a PPL or a CPL where the training
was conducted outside of an integrated
A recognised aeroplane means an aeroplane that
training program (i.e., non-integrated
is either:
training). In this situation no such
› on the register of aircraft kept by a contracting requirement regarding a registered
State or recognised aeroplane is stated. In
the case of aeronautical experience
› a State aircraft.
for your PPL or CPL gained through
This would include any hours non-integrated training you would
accumulated in an aeroplane that was therefore be able to count hours in
on the aircraft register of contracting RAAUS registered aircraft, helicopters
State, for example, France. etc. (See sections 4.13 and 4.14 of
this guide.)
A registered aircraft is one that has been entered
on the Australian aircraft register and has been
issued a ‘VH’ registration prefix.

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chapter 3
STUDENT PILOTS

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3.1 Overview Note: Issue of a flight crew licence by CASA will

constitute a notification in writing that you have
This chapter describes administrative complied. Details of what constitutes evidence
matters, medical requirements, recency and of your identity are provided in paragraph 6.57
authorisations of a student pilot. of the Aviation Transport Security Regulations
and refers to a Category A document (for
There are two situations where you will be
example, an Australian birth certificate or notice
referred to as a student pilot during your training:
of Australian citizenship) and either:
› if you do not hold a licence at all
› a category B document that provides
› if you hold a recreational pilot licence and photographic proof of your identity (for
wish to gain an additional licence, rating example, an Australian driver’s licence or
or endorsement. passport [Australian or foreign])
As a student pilot you do not hold a licence. › two category C documents (for example,
As a result, the general regulations governing a Medicare card or private health
privileges, limitations and requirements for membership card).
licence holders do not apply to you.
However, under previous legislation, as a student
pilot you did hold a licence (student pilot licence
3.3 Production of
or SPL). This was removed with the introduction medical certificates etc.
of Part 61 to align Australia with ICAO standards.
ICAO standards do not recognise a student and identification when
pilot licence. requested
See section 13.4 of this guide for details on how (61.118)
to transition your SPL to a recreational pilot
licence (RPL). The RPL has replaced the student CASA may direct you to produce, for
pilot licence and the general flying progress test their inspection:
(GFPT).
› your medical certificate, recreational aviation
medical practitioner’s certificate, Class 5
3.2 Identification medical self-declaration or medical exemption
to conduct a solo flight (as applicable)
requirements for › an identification document that:
student pilots » has not expired or been cancelled
(61.117) » contains a photo with your full face, head
CASA may request that you provide evidence of and shoulders
your identity. You must comply with this request » was issued within the previous 10 years:
and also not fly an aircraft until CASA has given
you written notice that you have complied with – by a Commonwealth, state or territory
their request. government
– a foreign country, or a state or province of
a foreign country.
You must produce these documents before the
earlier of:
› your next solo flight
› 7 days of receiving the CASA direction.

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3.4 When you can fly 3.5 When you can fly
as a student pilot as a student pilot with a
(61.112) recreational pilot licence
As a student pilot, you do not need a licence
to fly as you are always under the supervision
(RPL)
of a flight instructor and flight training school (61.112)
while learning. If you hold an RPL, you may fly a recreational
As a student pilot, you are only authorised to fly aircraft under the night VFR or non-recreational
an aircraft if one of the following applies: aircraft if the flight:

› the flight is for you to receive flight training, and › is for you to receive flight training and the PIC is
the pilot in command (PIC) is a flight instructor a flight instructor

› the flight is a flight test for you to gain a pilot › is a flight test for you to gain an additional pilot
licence, rating or endorsement licence, rating or endorsement

› the flight is approved, supervised by a Part 141 › the flight is approved, supervised by a Part 141
or Part 142 certified flight instructor and or Part 142 certified flight instructor and
is conducted in accordance with the flight is conducted in accordance with the flight
instructor’s approval and conducted under instructor’s approval and conducted under
the VFR. the VFR.

A flight is conducted under the supervision of a A recreational aircraft is a single-engine

flight instructor if the instructor: aircraft that:
› provides guidance (a briefing) to you about › is certificated for single-pilot operation
your flight
› has a maximum certificated take-off
› is either: weight of less than 1,500 kg
» on board the aircraft › is not rocket-powered or
» at the aerodrome from where your turbine powered.
flight began
A flight is conducted under the supervision of a
» flying within 15 nm of the aerodrome from flight instructor if the instructor:
where your flight began
› provides guidance to you in relation to the
› can be contacted during the flight by radio or flight
other electronic means for the duration of any
solo flight. › is either:
» on board the aircraft
» at the aerodrome from where your flight
began
» flying within 15 nm of the aerodrome
reference point for the aerodrome from
where your flight began
› can be contacted during the flight by radio or
other electronic means.

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3.6 Requirements for Non-recreational aircraft or

recreational aircraft at night under
solo flight the VFR
(61.113) When flying solo in a non-recreational aircraft
As a student pilot, you may only fly solo if: or a recreational aircraft at night under the
VFR, you must hold and carry with you one of
› you have an ARN the following:
› you are at least 15 years old › an applicable Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
› no passengers are carried › an applicable medical exemption for the flight.
› the aircraft is registered.
A recreational aircraft is a single-engine
Note: You may also fly solo if the flight is in aircraft that:
another contracting state’s airspace, provided
you have permission of the contracting state. › is certificated for single-pilot operation
› has a maximum certificated take-off
3.7 Solo flight medical weight of less than 1,500 kg
› is not rocket-powered or
requirements turbine powered.
(61.114)
Note: If flying solo in a non-recreational aircraft
There are no medical requirements for a student you may do so if you hold, and carry with you,
to fly if receiving instruction from a qualified a Class 5 medical self-declaration provided the
instructor. There are specific circumstances as flight is a day operation only in aircraft with a
a student pilot when you do require to hold a MTOW less than 1,500 kg below 10,000 ft).
medical certificate or a medical exemptions and
these are detailed below in this section. Recreational aircraft by day, without
a recreational pilot licence
When flying solo in a recreational aircraft by day,
without a recreational pilot licence, you must
hold and carry with you either:
› an applicable Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
› an applicable medical exemption for the flight
› a current recreational aviation medical
practitioner’s certificate (RAMPC)
› a Class 5 medical self-declaration (in aircraft
with a MTOW less than 2,000 kg below
10,000 ft).

A recreational aircraft is a single-engine

aircraft that:

› is certificated for single-pilot operation

› has a maximum certificated take-off
weight of less than 1,500 kg
› is not rocket-powered or
turbine powered.
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 Chapter 3 Student pilots | 77

For the recreational aviation medical certificate,

you must:
3.8 Solo flight recent
› comply with its stated limitations or conditions experience requirements
› have given CASA a copy and carry with you (61.115)
acknowledgement from CASA of its receipt You may only fly solo if you have successfully
› meet the modified Austroads completed a dual flight check within the previous
medical standards. 30 days in the same type of aircraft as your
solo flight.
‘Current’ in the context of a recreational You must not fly solo for more than a total of
aviation medical practitioner’s certificate three hours (consecutively and cumulatively)
(RAMPC) means the shortest of without a dual check unless one of the
the following: following applies:
› for anyone less than 65 years old at › you are enrolled in an integrated training
the time of the solo flight, the period course
beginning on the day the certificate is
signed by the medical practitioner and › you are undergoing training conducted by a
ending 24 months after that day Part 141 operator for the grant of a Part 61
pilot licence with a rating for the category of
› for anyone at least 65 years old at aircraft and either:
the time of the solo flight, the period
beginning on the day the certificate is » you hold an RPL
signed by the medical practitioner and » the operator has certified (in writing) that
ending 12 months after that day you are competent to fly solo in the same
› if the certificate states a specific category of aircraft and you have met the
applicability period, the period competency standards for the grant of an
beginning on the day the certificate is RPL in that category of aircraft.
signed by the medical practitioner and
ending at the end of the stated period.
3.9 Aircraft taxi
Note: If you are the holder of a Class 5 medical
self-declaration you must not fly solo if: authorisation
› your self-declaration is no longer valid (61.116)
› you believe you have a medically significant As a student pilot you are authorised to
condition that will impair your ability to fly taxi an aircraft if you have the approval of a
solo
flight instructor.
› you are a disqualified person
› you stopped being an eligible person and
have not again successfully completed
your Class 5 medical online assessment for
medical fitness
You must also cease flying solo as soon as
practicable (i.e., land early, divert or change
altitude) if:
› there are changes to your health (temporary
or longer-term) that may impact your ability
to fly solo or will have an impact on aviation
safety
› any issue arises that reduces your capacity to
control the aircraft.

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 79

chapter 4
PILOT LICENCES AND
REQUIRED RATINGS AND
ENDORSEMENTS

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80 | Chapter 4 Pilot licences and required ratings and endorsements

4.1 Overview When applying for your initial licence, you must
also include the applicable aircraft category
This chapter describes the requirements for the licence and the aircraft class rating.
for gaining your pilot licence and any Your licence will not be issued without these
required ratings and endorsements for the authorisations. See chapter 5 of this guide.
following licences:
This guide relates only to licensing in
› recreational pilot licence (RPL) the aeroplane category.
› private pilot licence (PPL)
› commercial pilot licence (CPL) You must hold the correct category rating on
your licence to fly as the pilot in command (PIC)
› air transport pilot licence (ATPL)
or copilot of an Australian (VH) registered aircraft.
› multi-crew pilot licence (MPL). Once you have your licence and first aircraft
category rating, you may add other categories to
your licence.

Figure 11: Aeroplane category

includes
multi-engine centreline
thrust aeroplane

single-engine aeroplanes
(CLASS)

includes multi-engine
Aeroplane
aeroplanes prescribed
(CATEGORY)
under 61.050

multi-engine aeroplane
(CLASS)

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 Chapter 4 Pilot licences and required ratings and endorsements | 81

Gaining your licence, operational rating, or an endorsement can be described in 4 stages:

MOS, Schedule 3, has the aeronautical knowledge standards required

for each authorisation. You may undertake self-study (if not training with
a Part 142 organisation) or a structured theory course. An examination
and an assessment complete the requirements. Some examinations
Aeronautical are prepared and conducted by CASA, and some are prepared and
knowledge conducted by the training organisation. See section 2.8 of this guide.

MOS, Schedule 2, contains the flight training standards required to

achieve practical competency. Flight training courses are usually delivered
by a Part 141 or Part 142 certificate holder. Flight training must address
the competency standards prescribed for the authorisation. Your training
must be delivered by an instructor, or a person approved for the purpose.
Practical flight
They must hold the appropriate training endorsement and be authorised,
training
competent and current.

Authorised flight examiners or approved persons conduct flight tests for

the grant of flight crew licences and operational ratings. They must hold
the appropriate testing endorsement and be authorised to conduct the
flight test. Flight examiners must assess the competency of applicants
Assessment of against the standards described in the MOS and follow the procedures
competency laid down in the Flight Examiner Handbook.

Before your authorisation can be granted, you must also satisfy related
requirements associated with aeronautical experience, English language
proficiency, medical status, age and security.
Associated
requirements

The MOS flight standards clearly define what Further reading on competency-based
must be trained and assessed. The MOS also training can be found in AC 61–09
details the functions (elements) to be undertaken Competency-based training and
during your training. The competency standards assessment for flight crew.
are used by your examiner to assess whether
you can perform the tasks required to exercise
the privileges of an authorisation.

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82 | Chapter 4 Pilot licences and required ratings and endorsements

4.2 Limitations on pilot

licences – general
(61.190, 61.385 and 61.390)
It is a condition of your flight crew licence, rating
or endorsement that you comply with:
› the limitations on the exercise of the privileges
of the licence, rating or endorsement
› the requirements of Part 61 that apply to you.
Before exercising the privileges of your pilot
licence, you must be competent in operating the
aircraft to the standards of the MOS for the class
or type, including:
› operating the aircraft’s navigation and Civil Aviation Safety Authority
operating systems
› conducting all normal, abnormal and
emergency flight procedures for the aircraft
› applying operating limitations 4.3 Aircraft category
› weight and balance requirements requirements
› applying aircraft performance data, including (61.015 and 61.375)
take-off and landing performance data, for
the aircraft. When obtaining a pilot licence, you must
choose the category of aircraft your training
You may not conduct any activity in the exercise and qualifications will relate to.
of the privileges of your licence in an aircraft if:
Each of the following is a category of aircraft:
› engaging in the activity is a prescribed purpose
for subsection 27(9) of the Act › aeroplane

› the operator of the aircraft does not hold an › helicopter

AOC that authorises the conduct of the activity. › powered-lift aircraft
You must not conduct any activity that would be › gyroplane
an offence against the Act or another provision of
the CASA regulations. › airship.

Additionally, to exercise the privileges of your You must hold the correct category rating on
licence under a rating or endorsement, you must your licence to fly as the PIC or copilot of an
be competent in operating the aeroplane in the Australian (VH) registered aircraft of the category
activity to the standards of the MOS (Schedule 2) you wish to fly. Once you have your initial licence
for the class or type of aeroplane and the activity. and aircraft category rating, you may add other
categories to your licence.
Airborne collision avoidance system See section 5.2 of this guide for the requirements
of an aircraft category rating.
You may only exercise the privileges of your
licence in an aeroplane with an operative
airborne collision avoidance system if you are
competent in its use to the standards of the
MOS (Schedule 2).

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 Chapter 4 Pilot licences and required ratings and endorsements | 83

4.4 Aircraft class rating CASA specifies aircraft type ratings for
aircraft that:
requirements › are certified to be operated by more than one
(61.020 and 61.375) pilot (multi-crew)

Each of the following is a class of aircraft: › are certified in the transport category

› single-engine aeroplane › are multi-engine turbojet powered

› multi-engine aeroplane › are fitted with more complex systems

› single-engine helicopter › have unique handling or

performance characteristics.
› powered-lift aircraft
Note: The above reference to transport
› single-engine gyroplane category refers to a homogeneous grouping
› airship. of aircraft types and models of similar
characteristics. These are based on the
In this guide, a class of aircraft refers to proposed or intended use of the aircraft
single-engine or multi-engine aeroplanes. and their operating limitations and not to air
Note: Either a single-engine or multi-engine transport operations.
class rating is an appropriate class rating for
You are not required to hold a pilot type
you to exercise the privileges of a single-engine
rating for the aircraft if you are acting
class rating.
as a cruise relief copilot and you hold a
A multi-engine centreline thrust cruise relief copilot type rating for the
aeroplane or a multi-engine aeroplane aircraft type.
that holds a legislative instrument
To exercise the privileges of your licence in either
under regulation 61.060 is considered
a multi-crew aeroplane or an aeroplane certified
a single-engine aircraft.
for single pilot operations (for which a single pilot
See section 5.3 of this guide for the requirements type rating is required under regulation 61.060),
of a class rating. you must hold the appropriate type rating for the
aeroplane type.
See section 5.4 of this guide for the requirements
4.5 Aircraft type rating of a (pilot) type rating.
requirements
(61.375) 4.6 Aircraft ratings,
More complex aircraft require you to also endorsements and design
complete additional training and obtain a
type rating. These ratings are also referred to feature requirements
as a pilot type rating. (61.375, 61.380, 61.755, 61.1145, 61.1165,
61.1190 and 61.1255)
You are permitted to conduct the activities
detailed in the table below if you hold the
applicable ratings, endorsements and design
feature endorsements as part of your licence.

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84 | Chapter 4 Pilot licences and required ratings and endorsements

Table 9: Requirements for ratings, endorsements and design feature endorsements

Activity you wish to undertake Rating/endorsement required Other conditions or

requirements
Ratings
private operation (only) under either: nil
the IFR › an instrument rating
› a private instrument rating
operation under the IFR (other instrument rating exception: you do not require an
than a private operation) instrument rating in multi-crew
operations if you hold an MPL
(aeroplane) or ATPL
operations at night under the VFR either: exception: you do not need an
› a night VFR rating instrument rating in multi-crew
› an instrument rating operations if you hold an MPL
(aeroplane) or ATPL
low-level operation either: nil
› a low-level rating
› an aerial application rating
aerial application operation aerial application rating nil
below 500 ft AGL
Flight activity endorsements
intentional upright spinning spinning flight activity endorsement › aeroplane category rating
manoeuvres above 3,000 ft AGL
aerobatic manoeuvres in an aerobatics flight activity › aeroplane category rating
aeroplane above 3,000 ft AGL endorsement (aeroplane) › spinning flight
activity endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres in an aerobatics (1,500 ft) flight activity › aeroplane category rating
aeroplane above 1,500 ft AGL endorsement › aerobatics flight activity
endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres in an aerobatics (1,000 ft) flight activity › aeroplane category rating
aeroplane above 1,000 ft AGL endorsement › aerobatics flight activity (1,500 ft)
endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres in an aerobatics (500 ft) flight activity › aeroplane category rating
aeroplane above 500 ft AGL endorsement › aerobatics flight activity (1,000 ft)
endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres in an aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity › aeroplane category rating
aeroplane at any height endorsement › aerobatics (500 ft) flight activity
endorsement
formation flying formation flying (aeroplane) flight › aeroplane category rating
activity endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres whilst formation aerobatic flight activity › aeroplane category rating
flying in formation endorsement › aerobatic flight activity
endorsement
› formation flying (aeroplane) flight
activity endorsement
Design feature endorsements
to fly an aeroplane with a tailwheel undercarriage design you must have either the
tailwheel undercarriage feature endorsement appropriate:
to fly an aeroplane with a retractable undercarriage design › aeroplane class rating
retractable undercarriage feature endorsement › the appropriate aeroplane class/
type rating
to fly a piston engine aeroplane manual propellor pitch control
with a manual pitch control (piston engine) design feature
endorsement
to fly an aeroplane with a gas gas turbine engine design feature
turbine engine(s) endorsement
to fly a multi-engine aeroplane multi-engine centre-line thrust
that has centre-line thrust design feature endorsement

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 Chapter 4 Pilot licences and required ratings and endorsements | 85

Activity you wish to undertake Rating/endorsement required Other conditions or

requirements
to fly a pressurised aeroplane pressurisation system design feature you must have either the
endorsement appropriate:
to fly a floatplane floatplane design feature › aeroplane class rating
endorsement › the appropriate aeroplane class/
type rating
to fly an aeroplane with a floating hull design feature
floating hull endorsement
to fly an aeroplane with a ski landing gear design feature
ski landing gear endorsement
Flight instruction
conduct flight training for pilot flight instructor rating or simulator does not include a flight examiner
licences, ratings and endorsements instructor rating rating or endorsement
(in an aeroplane or flight simulator)
conduct training in multi-crew flight instructor rating or simulator
operations (in an aeroplane or instructor rating
flight simulator)
conduct differences training for flight instructor rating or simulator
variants of type ratings (in an instructor rating
aeroplane or flight simulator)
conduct training for ratings and flight instructor rating or simulator
endorsements listed in this table instructor rating
above (in an aeroplane or flight
simulator)
conduct flight reviews (in an flight instructor rating or simulator other than for a flight examiner
aeroplane or flight simulator) instructor rating rating
approve a person to fly solo flight instructor rating (grade 1 or
grade 2)
conduct dual flight checks on a flight instructor rating
student pilot
approve a person to receive flight instructor rating
flight training without a rating or
endorsements
grant endorsements in flight instructor rating other than for a flight examiner
an aeroplane endorsement
grant endorsements in a simulator instructor rating other than for a flight examiner
flight simulator rating, RPL endorsements,
endorsements for which a flight
test is required and training
endorsements
approve a person to transmit on an flight instructor rating or simulator
aviation radio frequency instructor rating
assess a person’s knowledge based flight instructor rating or simulator
on a knowledge deficiency report instructor rating
Flight examiner
conduct a flight test for pilot flight examiner rating does not include for a flight
licences, ratings and endorsements examiner rating or endorsement
and flight test endorsements
conduct: flight examiner rating
› instrument proficiency checks
› aerial application proficiency
checks
› operator proficiency checks
conduct English language flight examiner rating
proficiency checks

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4.7 Carriage of passengers You have met the requirements of this section
if either of the following apply:
(61.395)
› within the previous 90 days, in an aeroplane
or approved simulator, you have either:
Recent experience requirements
» successfully completed a relevant check or
By day review that included at least one take-off
and landing at night
You may pilot an aeroplane carrying passengers
by day, during take-off and landing, if within the » passed a flight test for a pilot licence or
previous 90 days, you have been in control of rating on a pilot licence that included at
an aeroplane or approved flight simulator by least one take-off and landing at night
day or night and conducted at least 3 take-offs › both:
and landings.
» you are successfully participating in an
Each take-off must be followed by a climb to at operator’s training and checking system
least 500 ft AGL. for an aeroplane operation at night
You have met the requirements of this section » the operator holds an approval under
if either of the following apply: regulation 61.040 for the system in the
› within the previous 90 days, in an aeroplane aeroplane category of operation.
or approved simulator, you have either: Note: A relevant check or review means any of
» successfully completed a relevant check or the following:
review › an instrument proficiency check
» passed a flight test for a pilot licence or › an instructor proficiency check
rating on a pilot licence that included at
least one take-off and landing › an operator proficiency check

› both: › a flight review.

» you are successfully participating in an

operator’s training and checking system for
an aeroplane operation
» the operator holds an approval under
regulation 61.040 for the system in the
aeroplane category of operation.
Note: A relevant check or review means any of
the following:
› an instrument proficiency check
› an instructor proficiency check
› an operator proficiency check
› a flight review.

At night
You may pilot an aeroplane carrying passengers
by night, during take-off and landing, if within the
previous 90 days, you have been in control of an
aeroplane or approved flight simulator by night
and conducted at least 3 take-offs and landings.
Each take-off must be followed by a climb to at Civil Aviation Safety Authority
least 500 ft AGL.

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Holders of Class 5 medical 4.10 Removal of pilot

self‑declarations
As the holder of a Class 5 medical self-declaration
licence airspace conditions
you may only carry one passenger. (61.427)

You must inform the passenger that: You may hold a pilot licence that was granted
on the basis of regulations 202.272 (Grant of
› you do not hold a standard medical equivalent new authorisations for certain holders
certificate required for a PPL or an RPL (as of old authorisations) and 202.274 (Non-finalised
applicable) but instead hold a Class 5 medical applications for old authorisations) where it is
self-declaration, which was provided by CASA subject to the following limited operations:
after you successfully completed an online
self-assessment of medical fitness process that › flight within 25 nm of the departure aerodrome
conformed with the aviation medical guidelines › flight within a flight training area
› your Class 5 medical self-declaration permits › flight direct between the departure aerodrome
you to exercise the privileges of your licence, and a flight training area.
subject to conditions and only if the date
specified on it has not passed CASA must remove the above conditions if you
apply to CASA for its removal and you meet
› you are not prevented from exercising the the requirements for the grant of a PPL or CPL
privileges of your licence by any medical as applicable.
condition
You may hold a pilot licence that was granted
› you have not stopped being an eligible person on the basis of regulations 202.272 (Grant of
since you received your Class 5 medical equivalent new authorisations for certain holders
self-declaration of old authorisations) and 202.274 (Non-finalised
› you are carrying your Class 5 medical applications for old authorisations) where it is
self-declaration on the aircraft. subject to the following limited operations:

If your passenger has a legal guardian, the › uncontrolled airspace

information detailed above must also be › any other class of airspace endorsed
provided to the passenger’s legal guardian. in your logbook by an instructor before
1 September 2014.
4.8 Medical requirements CASA must remove these conditions if you
apply to CASA for their removal and you meet
(61.405, 61.410 and 61.415) the requirements for the grant of any of
See section 2.7 of this guide. the following:
› a controlled airspace endorsement
4.9 Aviation English › a private pilot licence (PPL)

language proficiency › a commercial pilot licence (CPL).

requirements
(61.422)
You may only exercise the privileges of your
licence if have a current aviation English language
proficiency (AELP) assessment.
However, this requirement does not apply if you
are the holder of a pilot licence that was granted
on or before 4 March 2008 and the flight is within
Australian territory.
See section 2.3 of this guide for further details on
the requirements for AELP assessments.

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4.11 Recreational pilot For an RPL, the English proficiency requirements

are slightly different to other licences. If you are
licence (RPL) applying for an RPL you must either:

(61.G.1) › have been assessed by CASA or an examiner

as meeting the general English language
Overview proficiency (GELP) (see section 2.4 of this
guide) requirements in the MOS Schedule 2
A recreational pilot licence (RPL) lets you
fly a light, single-engine aircraft as the PIC, › have satisfied your applicable Part 141 or
without supervision. Part 142 Head of Operations (HOO) or an
instructor authorised by the HOO that you
This section details the requirements for have successfully completed one of the general
obtaining a recreational pilot licence (RPL) for the English language proficiency tests in the MOS.
aeroplane category and any associated ratings
or endorsements. These requirements are in Once you have met these requirements your
addition to the general requirements detailed in flight instructor will complete and submit your
chapter 2 of this guide (General requirements for application for a recreational pilot licence
getting your pilot licence, rating or endorsement). (RPL) endorsement form or notify CASA online
in myCASA.
To receive an RPL and any associated rating or
endorsement, you must be trained and examined
Grant of an RPL with a current pilot
in accordance with the applicable Part 61 and
the MOS requirements and meet the applicable certificate (61.480)
experience requirements detailed in this section. You have passed the requirements of the
aeronautical knowledge examination and flight
An RPL is issued under Part 61 and is
test for an RPL if:
not the same or a replacement for a
Recreational Certificate as issued by › you have an aeroplane category pilot
RAAUS. However, a pilot certificate certificate permitting you to act as PIC
issued by a sports aviation body
› the relevant administering sports aviation
(including RAAUS) can be recognised by
body issued you the certificate.
CASA and as a result an RPL(A) issued.
See chapter 15 of this guide (Recognition You are also taken to have met the requirements
of pilot certificates granted by sports for the following if you have been issued with a
aviation bodies). pilot certificate as PIC for:
› an aircraft category rating
Requirements for granting an RPL
› a design feature endorsement for each
(61.265, 61.475 and 61.495 and FCLM 3.6)
design feature
You meet the requirements for an RPL if you hold
› an aircraft class rating and successfully
a PPL, CPL or ATPL.
completed a flight review.
To be granted an RPL, you must be 16 years of
age or older, hold a medical certificate or other Kinds of endorsements
equivalent documents as detailed in section 2.7
(61.475, 61.485 and 61.500)
of this guide.
The following are RPL endorsements:
For an aeroplane category of aircraft you
must have: › a controlled aerodrome endorsement
› passed the RPL aeronautical knowledge exam › a controlled airspace endorsement
› completed the RPL flight training › a flight radio endorsement
› completed 25 hours of flight time, including a › a recreational navigation endorsement.
minimum of:
» 20 hours dual
» 5 hours solo
› passed the RPL flight test in an aeroplane.

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Table 10: Requirements for RPL endorsements

What I want to do Endorsement Requirements

act as PIC in controlled › pass the aeronautical knowledge exam for the
an aeroplane aerodrome endorsement
at a controlled endorsement › complete the endorsement flight training
aerodrome
Note: the endorsement can be granted if you hold either:
› another flight crew licence that already authorises the
endorsement
› specific approval from a sports aviation body to pilot an
aircraft at a controlled aerodrome
act as PIC in an controlled › pass the aeronautical knowledge exam for the
aeroplane in airspace endorsement
controlled airspace endorsement › complete the endorsement flight training
Note: the endorsement can be granted if you hold either:
› another flight crew licence that already authorises the
endorsement
› specific approval from a sports aviation body to pilot an
aircraft in controlled airspace
operate an aircraft flight radio › pass the aeronautical knowledge exam for the
radio and transmit endorsement endorsement
on an aviation safety › complete the endorsement flight training
radio frequency (on
the ground or in › hold a current aviation English language proficiency
flight) assessment
Note: the endorsement can be granted if you hold:
› either:
» another flight crew licence that authorises the
endorsement
» specific approval from a sports aviation body to operate
an aircraft radio
› a current aviation English language proficiency
assessment
act as PIC of an recreational › pass the aeronautical knowledge exam for the
aeroplane on a navigation endorsement
cross-country flight endorsement › complete the endorsement flight training
› log 25 hours flight time as pilot of an aeroplane, including:
» 20 hours dual
» 5 hours solo
» 5 hours solo cross country, including one flight of at least
100 nm with a full-stop landing at a landing area other
than the point of departure
Note: the endorsement can be granted if you hold one of
the below:
› another flight crew licence that authorises the
endorsement
› a cross country navigation approval from a sports aviation
body and completed the 5 hours solo cross-country flight
time listed in this table

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Privileges (61.430, 61.435 and 61.460) A recreational aircraft is a single-engine

aircraft that:
As the holder of an RPL, you may fly a certified
single-pilot aeroplane as PIC or copilot if: › is certificated for single-pilot operation
› the aircraft is certified for single pilot › has a maximum certificated take-off
operations weight of less than 1,500 kg
› the aircraft MTOW is not more than 1,500 kg › is not rocket-powered or
› the aircraft is not rocket or turbine powered turbine powered.

› the flight is conducted by day under the VFR A flight is conducted under the supervision of a
flight instructor if the instructor:
› it is a private operation, or you are receiving
flight training. › provides guidance (a briefing) to you in relation
to the flight
As the holder of an RPL, you may also:
› during the flight is either:
› transmit on an aviation safety radio frequency
providing you also hold a flight radio » on board the aircraft
endorsement » at the aerodrome from where your flight
› taxi an aeroplane if you hold both: began
» a rating for that category of aircraft (i.e. » flying within 15 nm of the aerodrome
aeroplane) reference point for the aerodrome from
where your flight began
» a class or type rating for that aeroplane.
› can be contacted during the flight by radio or
When you can fly as a student pilot other electronic means.
with a recreational pilot licence (RPL)
(61.112)
If you hold an RPL, you may fly a recreational
aircraft under the night VFR or non-recreational
aircraft to gain an additional licence, rating or
endorsement when the flight:
› is for you to receive flight training, and the PIC
is a flight instructor
› is a flight test for you to gain an additional pilot
licence, rating or endorsement
› is approved and conducted under the
supervision of a Part 141 or Part 142 certified
flight instructor and is conducted:
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
» under the VFR
» in accordance with the flight
instructor’s approval.

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Limitations (61.465 and 61.470)

If you hold an RPL, then you must operate
in accordance with the authorisations and
limitations shown in table 11.

Table 11: Authorisations and limitations of an RPL

Authorisations Condition
pilot an aircraft carrying more than one either:
passenger › you hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
› you are accompanied by another pilot who is
authorised to pilot the aircraft, and they:
» hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
» occupy a control seat.
pilot an aircraft above 10,000 ft MSL either:
› you hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
› you are accompanied by another pilot who is
authorised to pilot the aircraft, and they:
» hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
» occupy a control seat.
pilot an aircraft outside: you must hold a navigation endorsement
› 25 nm of the departure aerodrome see section 4.13 of this guide
› a flight training area
› direct route between the departure
aerodrome and the flight training area
pilot an aircraft in controlled airspace you must hold a controlled airspace endorsement
see section 4.13 of this guide
pilot an aircraft at a controlled aerodrome you must hold a controlled aerodrome endorsement
see section 4.13 of this guide
pilot an aircraft in a contracting state’s airspace you must have permission from the contracting state
see section 4.13 of this guide

If you are the holder of a Class 5 medical Note: Unless you are accompanied by another
self-declaration, you may only fly in single pilot authorised pilot as detailed above:
operations that are:
› you must not exercise the privileges of an
› private operations operational rating (other than an instrument
rating or private instrument rating) or a flight
› flights conducted for the purposes of a flight
activity endorsement
test or eligible check
› your flight must be conducted:
› flights where a control seat is occupied by
a person who is authorised to conduct the » under the VFR by day
operation as the PIC and holds a Class 1 or 2
» below an altitude of 10,000 ft
medical certificate.
» within Australian-administered airspace
In addition, you are limited to carrying a
maximum of one passengers and not permitted » in an aircraft with a maximum take-off
to fly the aircraft in formation. weight less than 2,000 kg.

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Recency and flight review Requirements for granting a PPL

requirements (61.395 and 61.400) (61.515)
For you to carry passengers you must meet the The requirements for a PPL are met if you hold a
requirements detailed in section 4.8 of this guide. CPL or an ATPL.
As the holder of an RPL, you may only exercise To be granted a PPL, you must be 17 years
the privileges of your RPL if you meet the flight or older, hold a medical certificate or other
review requirements of section 2.12 of this guide. equivalent documents as detailed in section 2.7
of this guide and, for an aeroplane category of
Carrying passengers with an RPL aircraft, have:

To carry more than one passenger you must hold › passed the PPL aeronautical knowledge exam
an RPL and either: › completed the PPL flight training
› hold a Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate › passed the PPL flight test in an aeroplane
› fly with another pilot who: › met the aeronautical requirements listed below
» holds a Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate in this section.

» occupies a flight control seat in the aircraft You must also have been assessed by CASA or
an examiner as meeting the aviation English
» is authorised to fly that aircraft. language proficiency (AELP) to a minimum of
level 4. See section 2.4 of this guide.
This means if, for example, you
hold a recreational aviation medical
practitioner’s certificate or a Class 5
medical self-declaration, you cannot
carry more than one passenger.

4.12 Private pilot licence

(PPL)
(61.H.1)

Overview
This section details the requirements for
obtaining a PPL for the aeroplane category and
any associated ratings or endorsements. These
requirements are in addition to the general
requirements detailed in chapter 2 of this guide
(General requirements for getting your pilot
licence, rating or endorsement).
To receive a PPL and any associated rating or
endorsement, you must be trained and examined
in accordance with the applicable Part 61 and
MOS requirements and meet the applicable
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
experience requirements detailed in this section.

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Aeronautical experience requirements

Integrated training courses (61.525)

If you complete an integrated training course to
obtain your PPL, you must have a minimum of
35 hours of aeronautical experience as a pilot,
including the hours shown in table 12.

Table 12: Requirements for PPL integrated training course

Requirement Condition
35 hours aeronautical experience
30 hours of flight time as a pilot if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
20 hours of flight time in a registered or if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
recognised aeroplane then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
10 hours of solo flight time in a registered nil
or recognised aeroplane
5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in including one flight of at least 150 nm with a full-stop
a registered or recognised aeroplane landing at 2 aerodromes outside the training area for the
aerodrome from where the flight began
2 hours of dual instrument flight time including one hour in a registered or recognised
aeroplane

Other than integrated training courses (61.545)

If you have not completed an integrated training
course to obtain your PPL, you must have a
minimum of 40 hours aeronautical experience as a
pilot including the hours shown in table 13.

Table 13: Requirements for a PPL non-integrated course

Requirement Condition
40 hours aeronautical experience
35 hours flight time as a pilot if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
20 hours flight time in an aeroplane if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
10 hours of solo flight time in an nil
aeroplane
5 hours solo cross-country flight time in including one flight of at least 150 nm with a full-stop
an aeroplane landing at 2 aerodromes outside the training area for the
aerodrome from where the flight began
2 hours of dual instrument flight time including one hour in an aeroplane

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Privileges (61.430, 61.435, 61.505 and 61.510) In addition, you are limited to carrying a
maximum of one passengers and not permitted
As the holder of a PPL you may act as the PIC or to fly the aircraft in formation.
copilot of an aircraft:
Note: Unless you are accompanied by another
› engaged in private operations authorised pilot as detailed above:
› if you are receiving flight training. › you must not exercise the privileges of an
As the holder of a PPL you may also: operational rating (other than an instrument
rating or private instrument rating) or a flight
› transmit on an aviation safety radio frequency activity endorsement
› taxi an aeroplane if you hold both: › your flight must be conducted:
» a rating for that category of aircraft (i.e. » under the VFR by day
aeroplane)
» below an altitude of 10 000 ft
» a class or type rating for that aeroplane.
» within Australian-administered airspace
Multi-crew operations » in an aircraft with a maximum take-off
As the holder of a PPL, you may conduct weight less than 2 000 kg.
multi-crew operations if you have completed an You may, however, exercise the privileges or
approved course of multi-crew cooperation. your licence in a recreational aircraft if you also
Note: If your PPL was granted on the basis hold a current recreational aviation medical
of regulation 202.272 (Grant of equivalent practitioner’s certificate or Class 5 medical
new authorisations for certain holders of old self-declaration and the flight is conducted by
authorisations), you may conduct multi-crew day under the VFR. You must carry both the
operations if, before 1 September 2015, you medical practitioner’s certificate and written
conducted multi-crew operations. acknowledgement from CASA that they have
received a copy of the certificate with you in
the aircraft.
Limitations (61. 410, 61.422 and 61.465)
You may only exercise the privileges of your A recreational aircraft is a single-engine
licence if you hold: aircraft that:

› a current AELP assessment. See › is certificated for single-pilot operation

section 2.3 of this guide for further details on
› has a maximum certificated take-off
the requirements for AELP assessments.
weight of less than 1,500 kg
› either:
› is not rocket-powered or
» a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate turbine powered.
» a Class 5 medical self-declaration If you hold a PPL, then you must also operate
» a medical exemption for the exercise of the in accordance with the authorisations and
privileges of the licence. limitations shown in table 14.

If you are the holder of a Class 5 medical

self-declaration, you may only fly in single pilot
operations that are:
› private operations
› flights conducted for the purposes of a flight
test or eligible check
› flights where a control seat is occupied by
a person who is authorised to conduct the
operation as the PIC and holds a Class 1 or 2
medical certificate.

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Table 14: Authorisations and limitations of a PPL

Authorisations Condition
pilot an aircraft carrying more than one either:
passenger › you hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
› you are accompanied by another pilot who is
authorised to pilot the aircraft, and they:
» hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
» occupy a control seat
pilot an aircraft above 10,000 ft MSL either:
› you hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
› you are accompanied by another pilot who is
authorised to pilot the aircraft, and they:
» hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate
» occupy a control seat
pilot an aircraft in a contracting state’s you must have permission from the contracting state
airspace

Recency and flight review

requirements (61.395 and 61.400)
For you to carry passengers, you must meet the
requirements detailed in section 4.8 of this guide.
You may only exercise the privileges of your PPL
if you meet the flight review requirements of
section 2.12 of this guide.

iStockphoto.com | Mutlu Kurtbas

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4.13 Commercial pilot To be granted a CPL, you must be 18 years of

age or older, hold a medical certificate or other
licence (CPL) equivalent documents as detailed in section 2.7
of this guide and for an aeroplane category of
(61.I.1) aircraft have:

Overview › passed the CPL aeronautical knowledge exams

This section details the requirements for › completed the CPL flight training
obtaining a CPL for the aeroplane category and › passed the CPL flight test in an aeroplane
any associated ratings or endorsements. These
requirements are in addition to the general › met the aeronautical requirements listed below
requirements detailed in chapter 2 of this guide in this section.
(General requirements for getting your pilot You must also have been assessed by CASA or
licence, rating or endorsement). an examiner as meeting the aviation English
To be granted a CPL and any associated rating or language proficiency (AELP) to a minimum of
endorsement, you must be trained and examined level 4. See section 2.4 of this guide.
in accordance with the applicable Part 61 and
the MOS requirements and meet the applicable Aeronautical experience
experience requirements detailed in this section. requirements

Integrated training courses (61.590)

If you complete an integrated training course to
obtain your CPL and for the associated aircraft
category rating, you must have a minimum
150 hours of aeronautical experience as a pilot,
including the hours shown in table 15.
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Other than integrated training courses
(61.610)
If you have not completed an integrated
Requirements for granting of a CPL training course to obtain your CPL and for the
(61.580) associated aircraft category rating, you must
have a minimum of 200 hours of aeronautical
The requirements for a CPL are met if you hold experience as a pilot, including the hours shown
an ATPL. in table 16.

Table 15: Requirements for a CPL – integrated course

Requirement Condition
150 hours aeronautical experience
140 hours of flight time in a registered or if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
recognised aeroplane as a pilot then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
70 hours of flight time as PIC in a if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
registered or recognised aeroplane then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
20 hours of cross-country flight time including one flight of at least 300 nm with a full-stop
as PIC in a registered or recognised landing at 2 aerodromes outside the training area for the
aeroplane aerodrome from where the flight began
10 hours of instrument flight time 5 hours must be in a registered or recognised aeroplane

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Table 16: Requirements for a CPL – non-integrated course

Requirement Condition
200 hours aeronautical experience
190 hours flight time as a pilot if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
100 hours flight time as PIC in an this requirement may be reduced to 80 hours if you hold
aeroplane a helicopter PPL or 60 hours if you hold a helicopter CPL
or ATPL
if you have not met this flight time requirement as a pilot,
then it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
Note: See chapter 14 Converting a helicopter category
licence to an aeroplane category licence, in the guide.
20 hours cross-country flight time as PIC including one flight of at least 300 nm with a full-stop
in an aeroplane landing at aerodromes outside the training area for the
aerodrome from where the flight began
10 hours of instrument flight time 5 hours must be in a registered or recognised aeroplane

Privileges (61.415, 61.430, 61.435, 61.570 Note: If your CPL was granted on the basis
and 61.575) of regulation 202.272 (Grant of equivalent
new authorisations for certain holders of old
As the holder of a CPL, you may: authorisations), you may conduct multi-crew
operations if, before 1 September 2015, you
› act as copilot in any operation
conducted multi-crew operations.
› act as PIC in any operation other than: Note: An exemption currently applies (EX32/24
» a multi-crew aeroplane in an air transport Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters
operation (Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument 2024).
If you are the holder of a CPL, you are exempt
» an aeroplane certified for single pilot from the requirement to complete an approved
operations with a MTOW greater than MCC training provided you meet the requirements
5,700 kg if you have less than 750 hours of of this instrument. See Appendix F of this guide.
flight time as a pilot of an aeroplane
As the holder of a CPL, you may exercise the
› conduct multi-crew operations if you privileges of:
have completed an approved course of
multi-crew cooperation. › a PPL in an activity that the PPL would
authorise if you hold a current Class 2 medical
As the holder of a CPL, you may also: certificate
› transmit on an aviation safety radio frequency › an RPL in an activity that an RPL would
authorise if you hold a current recreational
› taxi an aeroplane if you hold both:
aviation medical practitioner’s certificate
» a rating for that category of aircraft (i.e. and you:
aeroplane) » have provided a copy to CASA
» a class or type rating for that aeroplane. » have received written acknowledgement
from CASA of the receipt of the copy
» carry both above documents in the aircraft.

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4.14 Air transport pilot

licence (ATPL)
(61.665 and 61.700)

Overview
This section details the requirements for
obtaining an ATPL for the aeroplane category and
any associated ratings or endorsements. These
requirements are in addition to the general
requirements detailed in chapter 2 of this guide
(General requirements for getting your pilot
licence, rating or endorsement).
To receive an ATPL and any associated rating or
endorsement, you must be trained and examined
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
in accordance with the applicable Part 61 and
the MOS requirements and meet the applicable
experience requirements detailed in this section.

Limitations (61.415 and 61.422) Requirements for granting an ATPL

(61.220 and 61.700)
You may only exercise the privileges of your
licence if you hold: To be granted an ATPL you must be 21 years of
age or older, hold a CPL or MPL with the same
› a current AELP assessment. See
category rating (aeroplane) and have:
section 2.3 of this guide for further details on
the requirements for AELP assessments. › passed the ATPL aeronautical knowledge exams
› either: › completed the ATPL flight training
» a current Class 1 medical certificate › passed the ATPL flight test, conducted under
the IFR in either:
» a medical exemption for the exercise of the
privileges of the licence. » a multi-engine turbine powered aeroplane,
with a copilot
Note: You must hold a current AELP
assessment unless you are using your licence » an approved flight simulator
in Australian territory, and you hold an old
› met the aeronautical experience requirements
authorisation as per regulation 202.272 (Grant
listed in section 4.15 of this guide
of equivalent new authorisations for certain
holders of old authorisations) granted on or › completed an approved course in
before 4 March 2008. multi-crew cooperation.

Recency and flight review

requirements (61.395 and 61.400)
For you to carry passengers, you must meet the
requirements detailed in section 4.8 of this guide.
As the holder of a CPL, you may only exercise the
privileges of your CPL if you meet the flight review
requirements of section 2.12 of this guide.

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Note: To undertake the ATPL aeronautical Note: An exemption currently applies (CASA
knowledge exam, you must either: EX98/21 – ATPL Flight Test Standards (Satellite-
based Navigation) to a flight test for the grant of
› hold a CPL
an ATPL(A) if one of the following FSTDs are used:
› have passed the CPL aeronautical knowledge
› Beechcraft King Air 200
exams
› Embraer 120 Brasilia
› be given CASA approval as per CASR 61.040.
› Fairchild Metro III.
You must also have been assessed by CASA or
an examiner as meeting the aviation English Applicants and flight examiners testing in
language proficiency (AELP) to a minimum of accordance with Appendix K.1 of Schedule 5 of
level 4. See section 2.4 of this guide. the MOS should refer to this exemption in full.
Note: An exemption currently applies (EX32/24
Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters Aeronautical experience
(Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument 2024). If requirements (61.705)
you are the holder of a CPL or an MPL and apply
for an ATPL, you are exempt having to complete To obtain your ATPL, you must have a minimum
approved MCC training. If you are the holder of of 1,500 hours of aeronautical experience as a
a CPL, see also the alternate requirements and pilot in an aeroplane, including the hours shown
conditions in Appendix F of this guide. in table 17.

Table 17: Requirements for an ATPL

Requirement Condition
1,500 aeronautical experience
1,400 hours of flight time if you have not met this flight time requirement as a
pilot, then it must be completed in an approved flight
simulation training device providing no more than
25 hours is undertaken in a flight simulator training
device that is not a flight simulator
750 hours of flight time as a pilot in a if you have not met this flight time requirement as a
registered or recognised aeroplane pilot, then it must be completed in an approved flight
simulation training device providing no more than
25 hours is undertaken in a flight simulator training
device that is not a flight simulator
either: must be in a registered or recognised aeroplane
500 hours of flight time as PICUS
250 hours of flight time as PIC or
PICUS with at least 70 hours as pilot in
command
200 hours of cross-country flight time in nil
a registered or recognised aeroplane
100 hours of cross-country flight time nil
as PIC or PICUS in a registered or
recognised aeroplane
100 hours of flight time at night in a cannot be dual
registered or recognised aeroplane
75 hours of instrument flight time 45 hours must be in a registered or recognised aeroplane

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Exemption – flight time for ATPL You are authorised to use your ATPL under
(Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew the IFR, providing you hold a valid instrument
Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous proficiency check (IPC) and:
Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
› for a single-engine aircraft, you have
If you have logged permissible copilot time on a passed the instrument rating flight test in a
single-pilot certified aeroplane, you may include single-engine aircraft or completed an IPC in
these hours as aeronautical experience as if the a single-engine aircraft
flight time was copilot time in an aeroplane.
› for a multi-engine aeroplane, you must hold
Note: Permissible copilot time, in relation to a valid IPC for a multi-engine aeroplane.
you being a permitted copilot, means time
As the holder of an ATPL you may exercise the
during where you performed copilot duties
privileges of:
in a multi-pilot capable aircraft in accordance
with multi-crew procedures specified in the › a PPL in an activity that the PPL would
operations manual or exposition (as applicable authorise if you hold a current Class 2
applicable) of the AOC holder operating the medical certificate
aircraft.
› an RPL in an activity that an RPL would
authorise if you hold a current recreational
Privileges (61.415, 61.430, 61.435, 61.665, aviation medical practitioner’s certificate
61.775 and 61.695) and you:
As the holder of an air transport pilot licence » have provided a copy to CASA
(ATPL) you may act as PIC or copilot in
any operation. » have received written acknowledgement
from CASA of the receipt of the copy
As the holder of an ATPL you may also:
» carry both above documents in the aircraft.
› transmit on an aviation safety radio frequency
› taxi an aeroplane if you hold both: Limitations (61.415, 61.422 and 61.680)
» a rating for that category of aircraft (i.e. You may only exercise the privileges of your
aeroplane) licence if you hold:

» a class or type rating for that aeroplane. › a current AELP assessment.

See section 2.3 of this guide for
You may also pilot an aeroplane in single pilot further details on the requirements for
operations under the IFR if you have either: AELP assessments.
› passed the flight test for an instrument rating › either:
in a single pilot aircraft
» a current Class 1 medical certificate
› completed an instrument proficiency check in a
single pilot aircraft. » a medical exemption for the exercise of the
privileges of the licence.
Note: You must hold a current AELP
assessment unless you are using your licence
in Australian territory and you hold an old
authorisation as per regulation 202.272 (Grant
of equivalent new authorisations for certain
holders of old authorisations) granted on or
before 4 March 2008.
As the holder of an ATPL, you are authorised to
conduct the IFR activities in table 18 if you meet
the stated requirements.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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iStockphoto.com | Vladimir Piskunov

Table 18: Authorised IFR activities

Activity Requirement Other

instrument › the aircraft must be equipped for that approach nil
approach of a › you must have completed training in that instrument
particular kind approach and demonstrated it to either:
» CASA
» a flight examiner who is authorised under Part 61 to
conduct the same instrument approach
» a person approved under regulation 61.040 to assess
your competence
circling you must have conducted a circling approach under the an operator proficiency
approach IFR either: check covering
› during a successful ATPL flight test (conducted in the last IFR operations if
12 months) conducted by a flight
examiner holding an
› in a recent instrument proficiency check IFR test endorsement,
› while successfully participating in an operator’s approved suffices for the
regulation 61.040 training and checking system that instrument proficiency
includes circling approaches check

3D instrument you must have conducted a 3D instrument approach an operator proficiency

approach operation during one of the following: check covering
› a successful ATPL flight test (conducted in the last IFR operations if
12 months) conducted by a flight
examiner holding an
› either: IFR test endorsement,
» your most recent instrument proficiency check suffices for the
instrument proficiency
» in any other case, in the last 15 months
check
Note: In either case directly above, you must
demonstrate this to a CASA examiner, a flight examiner
who is authorised to conduct 3D approaches or a
person approved under regulation 61.040 to assess your
competence.
› you are successfully participating in an operator’s
approved regulation 61.040 training and checking
system that includes 3D approaches

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Recency and instrument To exercise the privileges of your ATPL under the
proficiency check requirements IFR you must either:
(61.395, 61.400, 61.685 and 61.690) › have completed an operator proficiency check
(OPC) covering IFR operations in the last
For you to carry passengers, you must meet the
3 months
requirements detailed in section 4.8 of this guide.
› be successfully participating in an operator’s
As the holder of an ATPL you may only exercise
approved training and checking system for an
the privileges of your ATPL if you meet the flight
IFR operation
review requirements of section 2.12 of this guide.
› comply with the requirements in table 19.

Table 19: Requirements for IFR ATPL operations

Requirement Other
conduct at least 3 instrument approaches must be conducted in an aircraft or an approved flight
in the last 90 days simulation training device
conduct at least one instrument approach must be conducted in the same category of aircraft
in the last 90 days in an aeroplane (aeroplane) or an approved flight simulation training
device
you are authorised to conduct the the approach must be conducted in the same category
following approaches if you have of aircraft (aeroplane) or an approved flight simulation
conducted the approach in the last training device
90 days:
› 2D
› 3D
› azimuth guidance
› course deviation indication

In addition to meeting the requirements above, Note: To exercise the privileges of your ATPL in
you must meet IPC requirements in table 20. a multi-engine aeroplane, you must hold a valid
instrument proficiency check for a multi-engine
aeroplane.

Table 20: Instrument proficiency check (IPC) requirements

Instrument proficiency Validity period of IPC Conditions (if applicable)

check requirements are
met by completing any
of the following
pass an ATPL flight test from when you pass the
flight test to the end of the
12th month after the month
that you pass the flight test
pass an OPC that covers from when you pass the conducted by a flight examiner who
IFR operations OPC to the end of the holds an instrument rating flight test
12th month after the month endorsement
that you pass the flight test

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Instrument proficiency Validity period of IPC Conditions (if applicable)

check requirements are
met by completing any
of the following
pass an IPC from when you pass the the check must be done in the relevant
IPC to the end of the aeroplane or an approved flight simulation
12th month after the month training device.
that you pass the flight test if conducted by CASA or a flight examiner,
they must:
› assess you as meeting the IFR Part 61
competency standards for an IPC
› endorse your licence with the date and
the completion of the IFR proficiency
check and
» for single-engine aircraft: a
single-engine or multi-engine
endorsement is acceptable
» for multi-engine aircraft: a multi-engine
endorsement
if a person approved under regulation
61.040 conducts the check they must:
› assess you as meeting the IFR Part 61
competency standards for an IPC
› endorse your licence with the date and
the completion of the IFR proficiency
check and
» for single-engine aircraft: a
single-engine or multi-engine
endorsement is acceptable
» for multi-engine aircraft: a multi-engine
endorsement
› conduct an oral assessment of
your IFR knowledge of Part 61
operations procedures
participation in an for the period you the check is only valid for that operator
operator’s regulation are participating in an
61.040 approved training operator’s Part 61 training
and checking system for and checking system for an
an IFR operation IFR operation

Note: For the calculation of validity period, if you Note: At any time you fail a check in an
passed a flight test or successfully completed aeroplane category, multi-engine aeroplane
a proficiency check on the 17 June 2024, or that type of aeroplane, your IPC is no
then your IPC is valid from 17 June 2024 – longer valid for that aeroplane category or
31 July 2025. multi‑engine aeroplanes.
If you hold a valid IPC (resulting from any of
the above), this is an existing check and you
may, within 3 months of its expiry complete
a new IPC without impacting your renewal
date. For example, if your IPC was valid to the
31st July 2025 you may complete a new check
3 months before, e.g. from March 2025 and
your new validity is until 31 July 2026.

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4.15 Multi-crew pilot Aeronautical experience

requirements (61.660)
licence (MPL) To obtain your MPL, you require a minimum of
(61.635 and 61.665) 240 hours of aeronautical experience as a pilot,
including the hours shown in table 21.
Overview CASA may grant you approval to reduce the
This section details the requirements for number of take-offs and landings providing:
obtaining an MPL for the aeroplane category and
› it does not negatively impact on your skill level
any associated ratings or endorsements. These
requirements are in addition to the general › the Part 142 operator conducting the MPL
requirements detailed in chapter 2 of this guide training course can ensure that further training
(General requirements for getting your pilot can be undertaken if the need for further
licence, rating or endorsement). training is identified.
To receive an MPL and any associated rating
or endorsement, you must be trained and Privileges (61.415, 61.430, 61.435 and
examined in accordance with the applicable 61.635)
Part 61 and the MOS requirements and meet the
As the holder of an MPL, you may pilot an aircraft
applicable experience requirements detailed in
as copilot for an operator who has a Part 119 or
this section.
Part 138 training and checking system.

Requirements for granting of an MPL As the holder of an MPL you may also:
(61.655) › transmit on an aviation safety radio frequency
To be granted an MPL, you must be 18 years of › taxi an aeroplane if you hold both:
age or older and, for an aeroplane category of
» a rating for that category of aircraft (i.e.
aircraft have:
aeroplane)
› passed the MPL aeronautical knowledge exam
» a class or type rating for that aeroplane.
› completed the MPL training course
As the holder of an MPL, you may exercise the
› passed the MPL flight test conducted under privileges of:
the IFR in either:
› a PPL in an activity that the PPL would
» a multi-engine turbine-powered aeroplane authorise if you hold a current Class 2 medical
that requires a type rating certificate
» an approved flight simulator › an RPL in an activity that an RPL would
authorise if you hold a current recreational
› hold a pilot type rating for a multi-crew
aviation medical practitioner’s certificate you:
aeroplane
» have provided a copy to CASA
› met the aeronautical requirements listed in
this section of the guide. » have received written acknowledgement
from CASA of the receipt of the copy
» carry both above documents in the aircraft.
You may also pilot an aeroplane in single pilot
operations under the IFR if you have either:
› passed the flight test for an instrument rating
in a single pilot aircraft
› completed an instrument proficiency check in
a single pilot aircraft.

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Table 21: Requirements for an MPL

Requirement Condition
240 hours aeronautical experience
40 hours of flight time in a registered or if you have not met this requirement as a pilot, then
recognised aeroplane it must be completed in an approved flight simulator
training device
10 hours of solo flight time in a registered if you have not met this requirement as a pilot, then it
or recognised aeroplane must be completed in a flight simulator training device
5 hours of cross-country flight time as PIC including one flight of at least 150 nm with a full-stop
in a registered or recognised aeroplane landing at 2 aerodromes outside the training area for the
aerodrome from where the flight began
a minimum of 12 take-offs and 12 must be in the same type of aeroplane as you use for the
landings flight test. This can be reduced to no fewer than 6 take-
offs and 6 landings if you have CASA approval (see below)

Limitations (61.415, 61.640, 61.422 Note: You must hold a current AELP
and 61.640) assessment unless you are using your licence
in Australian territory and you hold an old
You may only exercise the privileges of your authorisation as per regulation 202.272 (Grant
licence if you hold: of equivalent new authorisations for certain
holders of old authorisations) granted on or
› a current AELP assessment. See
before 4 March 2008.
section 2.3 of this guide for further details on
the requirements for AELP assessments. If you hold an MPL, you are authorised to
conduct the IFR activities if you comply with
› either:
the requirements in table 22.
» a current Class 1 medical certificate
» a medical exemption for the exercise of the
privileges of the licence.

iStockphoto.com / Carlos Santa Maria

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Table 22: Authorised IFR activities

Activity Requirement Other

circling you must have conducted a circling an IPC includes an operator
approach approach under the IFR either: proficiency check covering IFR
› during a successful MPL flight test operations if conducted by a
(conducted in the last 12 months) flight examiner holding a IFR test
endorsement, suffices for the IPC
› in a recent instrument proficiency check
› while successfully participating in an
operator’s approved regulation 61.040
training and checking system that
includes circling approaches
3D instrument you must have conducted a 3D instrument an IPC includes an operator
approach approach operation during one of the proficiency check covering IFR
following: operations if conducted by a
› a successful MPL flight test (conducted flight examiner holding a IFR test
in the last 12 months) endorsement, suffices for the IPC

› either:
» your most recent instrument
proficiency check
» in the last 15 months
Note: In either case directly above,
you must demonstrate this to a CASA
examiner, a flight examiner who is
authorised to conduct 3D approaches
or person approved under regulation
61.040 to assess your competence.
› you are successfully participating in an
operator’s approved regulation 61.040
training and checking system that
includes 3D approaches
a particular kind › the aircraft must be equipped with that nil
of instrument approach
approach › you must have completed training
in that instrument approach and
demonstrated it to either:
» CASA
» a flight examiner who is authorised
under Part 61 to conduct the same
instrument approach
» a person approved under regulation
61.040 to assess your competence

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Recency and instrument As the holder of an MPL, you may only exercise
proficiency check requirements the privileges of your MPL if you meet the flight
review requirements of section 2.12 of this guide.
(61.395, 61.400, 61.645 and 61.650)
In addition to the above, for you to be recent for
For you to carry passengers, you must meet the
MPL IFR operations, you must comply with the
requirements detailed in section 4.8 of this guide.
requirements in table 23.

Table 23: Requirements for IFR MPL operations

Requirement Other
conduct at least 3 instrument approaches must be conducted in an aircraft or an approved flight
in the last 90 days simulation training device
for that category of aircraft, you must must be conducted in the same category of aircraft
conduct at least one instrument approach (aeroplane) or an approved flight simulation training
in the last 90 days device
you are authorised to conduct the the approach must be conducted in the same category
following approaches if you have of aircraft (aeroplane) or an approved flight simulation
conducted the approach in the last training device
90 days:
› 2D
› 3D
› azimuth guidance
› course deviation indication

Note: To exercise the privileges of your MPL in › a valid IPC in either a single or multi-engine
a multi-engine aeroplane, you must hold a valid aeroplane for a single-engine aeroplane
IPC for a multi-engine aeroplane.
› a valid IPC for a multi-engine aeroplane.
You are authorised to use your MPL under the
In addition to the above, for your IPC to be valid,
IFR, providing you hold a valid IPC as follows:
you must have met the requirements in table 24.

Table 24: Instrument proficiency check (IPC) requirements

Instrument proficiency Validity period of IPC Conditions (if applicable)

check requirements
are met by completing
any of the following
pass an MPL flight test from when you pass the
flight test to the end of
the 12th month after
the month that you pass
the flight test
pass an OPC that covers from when you pass conducted by a flight examiner who holds an
IFR operations the OPC to the end of instrument rating flight test endorsement
the 12th month after
the month that you pass
the flight test

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Instrument proficiency Validity period of IPC Conditions (if applicable)

check requirements
are met by completing
any of the following
pass an IPC from when you pass the check must be done in the relevant
the IPC to the end of aeroplane or an approved flight simulation
the 12th month after training device
the month that you pass If conducted by CASA or a flight examiner
the flight test they must:
› assess you as meeting the IFR Part 61
competency standards for an IPC
› endorse your licence with the date and the
completion of the IFR proficiency check and
» for single-engine aircraft: a single-engine
or multi-engine endorsement is
acceptable
» for multi-engine aircraft: a multi-engine
endorsement
If a person approved under regulation 61.040
conducts the check they must:
› assess you as meeting the IFR Part 61
competency standards for an IPC
› endorse your licence with the date and the
completion of the IFR proficiency check and
» for single-engine aircraft: a single-engine
or multi-engine endorsement is
acceptable
» for multi-engine aircraft: a multi-engine
endorsement
› conduct an oral assessment of
your IFR knowledge of Part 61
operations procedures
participation in an for the period you the check is only valid for that operator
operator’s regulation are participating in an
61.040 approved training operator’s Part 61 training
and checking system for and checking system for
an IFR operation an IFR operation

Note: For the calculation of validity period, Note: At any time you fail a check in an
if you passed a flight test or successfully aeroplane category, multi‑engine aeroplane
completed a proficiency check on 17 June 2024, or that type of aeroplane, your IPC is no
then your IPC is valid from 17 June 2024 – longer valid for that aeroplane category or
31 July 2025. multi‑engine aeroplanes.
If you hold a valid instrument proficiency check
(resulting from any of the above), this is an
existing check and you may, within 3 months of
its expiry complete a new instrument proficiency
check without impacting your renewal date.
For example, if your IPC was valid to 31 July 2025
you may complete a new check 3 months before,
e.g. from March 2025 and your new validity is
until 31 July 2026.

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 109

chapter 5
AIRCRAFT CATEGORY,
CLASS AND TYPE RATINGS

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110 | Chapter 5 Aircraft category, class and type ratings

5.1 Overview An aircraft rating is a flight crew qualification that

allows you to operate a particular aircraft. The
To be issued a licence, as detailed in this guide, rating(s) you need depends on the type of pilot
you must also be issued an aircraft category licence you hold and the aircraft you want to fly.
rating. In the case of this guide, this is an See chapter 4 of this guide for the different pilot
aeroplane category and a class rating. You will licence details.
also require a type rating depending on the
aeroplane(s) you wish to operate.

Figure 12: Aeroplane category

includes
multi-engine centreline
thrust aeroplane

single-engine aeroplanes
(CLASS)

includes multi-engine
Aeroplane
aeroplanes prescribed
(CATEGORY)
under 61.050

multi-engine aeroplane
(CLASS)

5.2 Aircraft category Requirements for granting an aircraft

category rating (61.730)
requirements To be granted an aircraft category rating you
need to be applying for or holding any one of
Overview (61.015, 61.425, 61.720 and 61.725) the below:
When obtaining a pilot licence, you must › a pilot licence whereby meeting the
choose the category of aircraft your training requirements of a pilot licence you also
and qualifications will relate to. meet the requirements for the grant of the
You must hold the correct category rating on applicable aircraft category rating
your licence to fly as the pilot in command (PIC) › a pilot licence where your application for an
or copilot of an Australian (VH) registered aircraft. aircraft category rating meets the requirements
Once you have your initial licence and aircraft for the issue of that licence and the aircraft
category rating you may add other categories to category rating
your licence.
› a certificate of validation of an overseas flight
Part 61 applies to all the following crew licence equivalent to a pilot licence.
aircraft categories:
› aeroplane Privileges (61.375 and 61.725)
› helicopter For you to be authorised to fly an aeroplane,
you must hold an aeroplane category on your
› powered lift aircraft
pilot licence.
› gyroplane
You may only exercise the privileges of your
› airship. licence in the specific category (e.g. aeroplane) for
which the licence is issued. If you hold multiple
A category of aircraft in this guide refers to
licences, each licence will have an applicable
an aeroplane.
aircraft category. You can hold different licences
with different associated categories.

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For example, you may hold a PPL in the If you hold an aircraft class rating under either
aeroplane category and a CPL in the helicopter of the following circumstances, you have also
category. Each licence is linked to the category met the requirements of the applicable aircraft
for which it is granted. type rating:
Note: Your pilot licence authorises you to only › the aircraft class rating was granted under
to fly a registered aircraft. CASR 202.272 (Grant of equivalent new
authorisations for certain holders of old
authorisations) and you held an aircraft
5.3 Aircraft class rating endorsement that was in force for the type of
requirements aircraft before September 2014
› the aircraft type was prescribed in an
Overview (61.020 and 61.735) instrument under regulation 61.062
(Prescription of types of aircraft for additional
In this guide, a class of aircraft refers to limitations on class ratings) and you conducted
single-engine or multi-engine aeroplanes. one or more operations in aircraft of that type
as pilot in command.
Note: Either a single-engine or multi-engine
class rating is an appropriate class rating for Exemption
you to exercise the privileges of a single-engine (Instrument number CASA EX32/24
class rating. Flight Crew Licensing and Other
Note: A multi-engine centreline thrust Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions)
aeroplane or a multi-engine aeroplane that Instrument 2024)
holds a legislative instrument under regulation If you have been assessed by a person
61.060 is considered a single-engine aircraft. authorised by the national aviation authority
If you hold a class rating, you are authorised to (NAA) of a recognised foreign state you may
operate any aircraft in the class provided the exercise the privileges of your aircraft class
aircraft is not certified for multi-crew operations rating provided:
or designated as a type of aircraft that requires a › you completed equivalent flight training in the
single-pilot type rating. aircraft class

Requirements for granting an aircraft › you have provided CASA with documentation
that shows you have:
class rating (61.750)
» completed the equivalent flight training
To be granted an aircraft class rating, your
flight instructor must be satisfied you meet the » been assessed by a person authorised by
competency standards mentioned in Schedule 2 the NAA of the recognised foreign state as
of the MOS and you must: competent to fly the aircraft.
› hold a pilot licence and an aircraft category If you meet these conditions, you do not
rating that is the same as the aircraft class you need to undertake training for the issue of
are requesting your class rating or a flight review as required
by Australian legislation for the grant of the
› hold a PPL, CPL, MPL or ATPL to hold a
class rating.
multi-engine class rating
› complete the flight training for the rating
› pass the flight test detailed in Schedule 2 of
the MOS in an aircraft of the class covered by
the rating.

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Flight review requirements Note: If you hold an RPL granted because of

(61.745 and 61.747) holding a pilot certificate issued by a sports
aviation body, you do not need to undertake
You must hold a valid flight review to exercise the this flight test if the aircraft class rating is
privilege of your aircraft class rating. Your flight permitted by your current pilot certificate.
review must be conducted in either: The training must be conducted by one of the
› an aircraft of the class covered by your rating following:
› a flight simulator approved for the review. › a flight instructor for a Part 141 MOS
(recreational, private or commercial pilot
› You have successfully completed a flight review flight training, other than specific integrated
for the rating if you have completed any of training courses)
the following:
› a Part 142 MOS (integrated and multi-crew
› a flight test for the rating pilot flight training, contracted training
› a flight test for an operational rating in an and contracted checking) operator who is
aircraft of the class covered by the aircraft authorised to conduct the training for the
rating aircraft type

› completed flight training for a design feature › the holder of an approval to conduct the
endorsement in an aircraft of the class covered training under Part 141.035 MOS (Approvals
by the aircraft class rating by CASA for Part 141) or Part 142.040 MOS
(Definitions for Part 142).
› a flight review for a pilot type rating in an
aircraft of a type prescribed in regulation Your flight review is also valid if you are
61.061 (Prescription of type-rated aircraft – successfully participating in an operator’s
flight review requirements for class ratings) for regulation 61.040 approved training and
the class rating checking system for an operation in an aircraft
covered by that class.
› completed a proficiency check that covers
operations in the class Note: You are successfully participating in an
operator’s training and checking system for an
› completed a proficiency check in an aircraft operation if:
of the class or an approved flight simulation
device, that is either: › you are employed by the operator

» an instrument proficiency check › the operator’s training and checking system

covers the operation
» an aerial application proficiency check
› you have met the requirements under the
» an instructor proficiency check system for entry into the system
» an examiner proficiency check. › you are permitted under the system to
› a flight review or equivalent for a relevant pilot be assigned by the operator for duty for
type rating (for a single-engine class, this can the operation.
be conducted in a single engine aeroplane or If, at any time, you attempt but fail an instrument
multi-engined aeroplane). proficiency check, you no longer hold a valid
instrument proficiency check for the aircraft
category or multi-engine aircraft (as applicable)
until you successfully complete the instrument
proficiency check.

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Your flight review is valid until the end of the Requirements for the granting
24th month after the month in which you of an aircraft type rating
complete the flight review. For example, if
(61.810, 61.815 and 61.822)
you pass a flight review on 17 June 2024 then
your flight review is valid from 17 June 2024 – To be granted an aircraft type rating, your
31 July 2026. flight instructor must be satisfied you meet the
competency standards mentioned in Schedule 2
If you hold a flight review that is still valid (the
of the MOS and you must:
previous flight review), you may complete a flight
review for the rating within 3 months before › hold a pilot licence and an aircraft category
the expiry of your previous flight review. In this rating of the same type covered by the rating
case, your next expiry will be at the end of the (or a certificate of validation of an equivalent
24th month, when your previous flight review overseas flight crew licence)
expired. For example, if your existing flight review
expires on the 31st July 2026, you may undertake › complete the applicable theory and technical
a flight review in May, June or July of 2026 and training
your new validity will be the 31st July 2028. › pass an exam conducted by the training
provider testing your aeronautical knowledge
of the rating standards detailed in Schedule 4
5.4 Aircraft type rating of the MOS
requirements (pilot ratings) › complete the flight training in accordance with
the approved course, consisting of either:
Overview (61.375, 61.720 and 61.770) » dual flight in an aircraft of the same type
More complex aircraft require you to also covered by the rating
complete additional training and obtain a » dual simulated flight in an approved flight
type rating. These ratings are also referred simulator for the training
to as a pilot type rating.
› passed the flight test as detailed in Schedule 5
CASA specifies aircraft type ratings for aircraft that: of the MOS in an aircraft of the class covered
› are certified to be operated by more than one by the rating.
pilot (multi-crew) Note: The above does not apply if you meet the
› are certified in the transport category requirements of a multi-crew pilot licence or a
new type rating mentioned in section 4.15 of
› are multi-engine turbojet powered this guide.
› are fitted with more complex systems The training must be conducted by one of
› have unique handling or the following:
performance characteristics. › a flight instructor for a Part 141 operator
Note: the above reference to transport › a Part 142 MOS operator who is authorised to
category refers to a homogeneous grouping conduct the training for the aircraft type
of aircraft types and models of similar
characteristics. These are based on the › the holder of an approval to conduct the
proposed or intended use of the aircraft training under Part 141.035 MOS (Approvals
and their operating limitations and not to air by CASA for Part 141) or Part 142.040 MOS
transport operations. (Definitions for Part 142).

You are not required to hold a pilot type

rating for the aircraft if you are acting
as a cruise relief copilot and you hold a
cruise relief copilot type rating for the
aircraft type.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

If your type rating was granted on the basis of Note: Instrument number CASA EX42/22
regulation CASR 202.272 (Grant of equivalent Flight training and test (low-fidelity simulators)
new authorisations for certain holders of old exemption 2022 affects the type rating of the
authorisations) or 202.274 (Non-finalised following aircraft:
applications for old authorisations), and is subject
› Swearingen SA226/227
to the condition that you must not act as PIC,
CASA must remove the condition if: › Embraer EMB120.
› you apply to CASA to remove the condition If you are an applicant for an affect type rating,
you are exempt from the requirements of
› you meet the requirements for the granting of
paragraph 61.195(2)(d) and regulation 61.205.
a type rating
Before undertaking the type rating you must
› You meet the requirements of a second variant make yourself aware of the content of this
for the type rating if: legislative instrument.
» you have passed the flight test for a type
rating in an aircraft model covered by the Privileges (61.775, 61.780, 61.785, 61.790,
type rating or an approved flight simulator 61.815 and 61.820)
for the first variant
To exercise the privileges of your licence in either
» for the second variant, differences training a multi-crew aeroplane or an aeroplane certified
was required and you have completed the for single pilot operations (for which a single pilot
differences training. type rating is required under regulation 61.060),
you must hold the appropriate type rating for the
See Appendix C of this guide for details of aircraft aeroplane type.
type rating requirements.

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If a single-pilot type rating was not previously If you hold a pilot type rating you are authorised
required and is now required for that type of to fly under the IFR if:
aircraft, you meet the requirements for that
› your flight test was conducted under the IFR
single-pilot type rating if:
› you hold a valid instrument proficiency check in
› you hold a class rating for that type
an aircraft covered by the rating.
› you have flown an aircraft of that type
To act as PIC on a multi-engine turbine-powered
› the person who granted you the new rating is aircraft (that requires a type rating), and you
satisfied you are competent to fly an aircraft of have passed the flight test for the type rating in
that type. a simulator, you must have at least 25 hours of
flight time as a pilot with the same rating.
If, on or after 1 September 2015, you are the
holder of a single-pilot type rating you may Note: You are not required to have the
conduct multi-crew operations if you either: 25 hours of flight time mentioned above if:
› also hold a multi-crew type rating › for a turbojet powered aeroplane type rating
you have at least one of the following:
› have completed an approved course of training
in multi-crew cooperation. » 1,000 hours of flight time as a pilot of a
turbojet powered aircraft
Note: An exemption currently applies
((CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing and » 2,000 hours of flight time including
Other Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions) 500 hours as pilot of a turbojet powered
Instrument 2024) if you are the holder of a aeroplane
single-pilot type rating and wish to exercise
› for a turboprop powered aeroplane type
your privileges in a multi-crew operation. You
rating you have at least one of the following:
are exempt from the requirement from having
to complete an approved MCC training course » 1,000 hours of flight time as a pilot of a
provided you meet the requirements and turboprop powered aeroplane
conditions in Appendix F of this guide.
» 2,000 hours of flight time, including at
If you are the holder of a multi-crew type rating least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot of a
you are only authorised to operate an aircraft of turboprop powered aeroplane.
that type in multi-crew operations.
Exemption – logging of permissible
If you hold an old type rating, you meet the copilot time
requirements of a new type rating if your old (Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew
type rating: Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
› covered 2 or more aircraft models that were
variants of each other (under the old legislation) If you have been a permitted copilot time you
are not required to have at least 25 hours of
› the models are no longer variants of each
flight time as PIC as detailed above provided:
other as they are included in a new type rating
› you hold a pilot type rating for a
› either:
type-rated aircraft that is a multi-engined
» you have already passed the flight test for turbine-powered aircraft
the old type rating in the aircraft or approved
› you comply with the requirements of logging
flight simulator for an aircraft covered by the
the permissible copilot time as copilot
new type rating
flight time.
» differences training was not required for the
Note: Permissible copilot time, in relation to you
old type rating
being a permitted copilot, means time during
» differences training was required and you where you performed copilot duties in a multi-
have completed the differences training for pilot capable aircraft in accordance with multi-
the old type rating. crew procedures specified in the operations
manual or exposition (whichever is applicable) of
the AOC holder operating the aircraft.

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If you hold a multi-crew type rating, you can Note: You are successfully participating in an
only exercise the privileges of the rating in a operator’s training and checking system for an
multi-crew operation and you must: operation if:
› hold a multi-crew pilot licence › you are employed by the operator
› have passed the flight test for the multi-crew › the operator’s training and checking system
pilot licence in a multi-crew aircraft or an covers the operation
approved flight simulator.
› you have met the requirements under the
system for entry into the system
Flight review and instrument
proficiency check requirements › you are permitted under the system to
be assigned by the operator for duty for
(61.795, 61.800 and 61.805) the operation.
To exercise the privileges of your type rating you For example, your flight review is valid until the
must hold a valid fight review. A flight review for end of the 24th month after the month in which
the rating is valid if you comply with any one of you complete the flight review. If you pass a flight
the following: review on 17 June 2024 then your flight review is
› you have passed a flight test for the rating valid from 17 June 2024 – 31 July 2026.
› in an aircraft of the same type covered by the If you hold a flight review that is still valid, (the
rating, you have either: previous flight review) you may complete a flight
review for the rating within 3 months before
» passed a flight test for an operational rating the expiry of your previous flight review. In this
» completed flight training for a design feature case, your next expiry will be at the end of the
endorsement of the class covered by the 24th month, when your previous flight review
rating expired. For example, if your existing flight review
expires on 31 July 2026, you may undertake a
› successfully completed an operator proficiency flight review in May, June or July of 2026 and your
check that covers operations in the type new validity will be the 31 July 2028.
› passed a proficiency check in an aircraft of the To be authorised to fly an aircraft covered by the
type or an approved flight simulation device model of your type rating you must either:
that is one of the following:
› within the previous 24 months have:
» an instrument proficiency check
» flown the aircraft model
» aerial application proficiency check
» completed the flight test or flight review for
» an instructor proficiency check that aircraft model
» an examiner proficiency check » completed differences training
› a flight review or equivalent for a relevant › be successfully participating in an operator’s
class rating (for a single-engine class this can regulation 61.040 approved check and training
be conducted in a single engine aeroplane or system that operates the same model.
multi-engined aeroplane).
You also have a valid flight review if you are
successfully participating in an operator’s
Part 61.040 approved training and check system
for an operation in an aircraft of the type covered
by the rating.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Table 25: Valid instrument proficiency check – other than single-pilot turbojet aeroplane

Requirement Conditions (if applicable) Validity period

for your Instrument proficiency nil your instrument proficiency
check to be valid, you must have check is valid until the end of
passed a flight test for one of the 24th month after the month
the following (in an aircraft type in which you complete the
covered by the rating): flight review e.g., if you pass an
› an instrument rating instrument proficiency check
on 17 June 2024 then your
› private IFR rating instrument proficiency check
› multi-crew pilot licence or ATPL is valid from 17 June 2024 until
31 July 2026
› the pilot type rating in an
aircraft under the IFR
› an instrument endorsement
and the flight test is conducted
more than 6 months after
you pass the flight test for the
rating
you successfully complete an must be conducted by a
operator proficiency check that flight examiner who holds an
covers IFR operations in an instrument rating flight test
aircraft of that type endorsement
you are successfully participating the check is only valid for that for the period you are
in an operator’s regulation operator successfully participating in the
61.040 approved training and operators approved Part 61
check system for an IFR operation training and checking system
in an aircraft of that type

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Requirement Conditions (if applicable) Validity period

you successfully complete an the IPC must be undertaken if you hold an instrument
instrument proficiency check for in the relevant aeroplane or proficiency check that is still
the aircraft type an approved flight simulation valid (the existing check) you
training device. may complete an instrument
if conducted by CASA or a flightproficiency check within
examiner they must: 3 months before the validity
of the existing check expires
› assess you as meeting the e.g., in this case, the validity will
IFR Part 61 competency be the end of the 24th month
standards for an IPC your existing check expired.
› endorse your licence with the If your existing instrument
date and the completion of proficiency check expires on
the IFR proficiency check and the 31 July 2024, you may
undertake an IPC in May, June
» for single-engine aircraft: or July of 2026 then your new
a single-engine or validity will be the 31 July 2028
multi-engine endorsement
is acceptable
» for multi-engine aircraft: a
multi-engine endorsement
if a person approved under
regulation 61.040 conducts the
check they must:
› assess you as meeting the
IFR Part 61 competency
standards for an IPC
› endorse your licence with the
date and the completion of
the IFR proficiency check and
» for single-engine aircraft:
a single-engine or
multi-engine endorsement
is acceptable
» for multi-engine aircraft: a
multi-engine endorsement
› conduct an oral
assessment of your IFR
knowledge of Part 61
operations procedures

Note: Instrument number CASA EX32/24 If at any time you fail an instrument proficiency
Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters check (IPC) in any of the following, your IPC is no
(Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument 2024 longer valid for the type of aircraft in which you
Parts 14 to 18 have been included in the attempted the check:
above table.
› an aeroplane category
› multi-engine aeroplane
› that type of aircraft.

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Table 26: Valid instrument proficiency check – single-pilot turbojet aeroplane

Requirement Conditions (if applicable) Validity period

for your Instrument proficiency nil your instrument
check to be valid, you must proficiency check is
have passed a flight test that valid until the end of
is conducted as a single-pilot the 24th month after
operation for one of the the month in which
following (in an aircraft type you complete the flight
covered by the rating): review e.g. if you pass an
› an instrument rating instrument proficiency
check on 17 June 2024
› private IFR rating then your instrument
› an instrument endorsement proficiency check is valid
and the flight test is from 17 June 2026 until
conducted more than 31 July 2028
6 months after you pass the
flight test for the rating
you successfully complete an must be conducted by a flight examiner
operator proficiency check that who holds an instrument rating flight
covers IFR operations in an test endorsement
aircraft of that type
you are successfully the check is only valid for that operator for the period you are
participating in an operator’s successfully participating
regulation 61.040 approved in the operators
training and check system for approved Part 61 training
an IFR operation in an aircraft of and checking system
that type
you successfully complete an the IPC must be done in the relevant if you hold an instrument
instrument proficiency check for aircraft or the approved flight proficiency check that
the aircraft type simulation training device, and: is still valid (the existing
the IPC must be done in the relevant check) you may complete
aeroplane or an approved flight an instrument proficiency
simulation training device. check within 3 months
before the validity of the
if conducted by CASA or a flight existing check expires
examiner they must: E.g. in this case, the
› assess you as meeting the IFR Part 61 validity will be the end
competency standards for an IPC of the 24th month your
› endorse your licence with the date existing check expired. If
your existing instrument
and the completion of the IFR
proficiency check expires
proficiency check and
on the 31 July 2024, you
if a person approved under regulation may undertake an IPC in
61.040 conducts the check they must: May, June or July of 2026
› assess you as meeting the IFR Part 61 then your new validity will
competency standards for an IPC be the 31 July 2028
› endorse your licence with the date
and the completion of the IFR
proficiency check and
› conduct an oral assessment of your
IFR knowledge of Part 61 operations
procedures

Note: Instrument number CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
Exemptions) Instrument 2024Part 12 and 13 have been applied to the above table.

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5.5 Differences training Exemption

(Instrument number CASA EX32/24
requirements Flight Crew Licensing and Other
Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions)
(61.200 and MOS 61 Schedule 2) Instrument 2024)
To operate some variants or models covered by You may undertake differences training with
a type rating, pilots who hold the type rating may a person authorised by the national aviation
also need to complete differences training. authority (NAA) of a recognised foreign state
Differences training must be conducted by a and exercise the privileges in an aircraft of the
Part 141 or Part 142 operator (an approved second variant provided you:
training organisation) who is authorised to › either:
conduct the training and delivered by an
instructor or an approval holder authorised by » passed a flight test for the first variant in an
the operator. aircraft or approved flight simulator

To have completed differences training for a » completed a course of training for the first
variant of the aircraft as the holder of a type variant
rating you must: › have completed an equivalent training course
› be trained and assessed in all the applicable for another aircraft model covered by the
units of competency in the MOS to ensure that rating (second variant)
you are as competent as if you had undertaken › have provided CASA with documentation
the training for the type rating in the variant in from an overseas training provider that shows
the first instance you have:
› receive a course completion certificate » completed the equivalent flight training
from the applicable operator or approval
holder indicating you have been trained and » been assessed by a person authorised by
assessed as competent in the applicable the NAA of the recognised foreign state as
Part 61 requirements. competent to fly the aircraft.

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chapter 6
DESIGN FEATURE
ENDORSEMENTS

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6.1 Overview The instructor or approved person may deliver

your training independently of a Part 141 or
(61.380) Part 142 operator.
As the holder of a pilot licence you may only Whilst the instructor may deliver the training
exercise your licence privileges in an aeroplane independently, you must still be trained in all the
with a design feature if you hold the applicable units specified for the authorisation in the MOS
design feature endorsement. and assessed as competent. The instructor must
have a training course, keep detailed training
records and provide all documents as if they
6.2 Granting of a design were operating under a flight training operator.
feature endorsement
(61.195) 6.3 Design feature
Before being granted a design feature endorsement requirements
endorsement you must be trained and
(61.760 and 61.755)
assessed as competent for each applicable
MOS competency unit and standard by either: As the holder of a design feature endorsement
you may exercise the privileges of your licence
› an authorised instructor
in an aircraft that has that design feature and
› an applicable regulation 61.040 is either:
approval holder.
› a class for which you hold a class rating
› a type for which you hold a type rating.

Table 27: Design feature endorsements

Design feature you wish to operate Endorsement required

an aeroplane with a tailwheel tailwheel undercarriage design feature endorsement
undercarriage
an aeroplane with a retractable retractable undercarriage design feature endorsement
undercarriage
a piston engine aeroplane with a manual manual propellor pitch control (piston engine) design
pitch control feature endorsement
an aeroplane with a gas turbine engine(s) gas turbine engine design feature endorsement
a multi-engine aeroplane that has multi-engine centre-line thrust design feature
centreline thrust endorsement
a pressurised aeroplane pressurisation system design feature endorsement
a floatplane floatplane design feature endorsement
an aeroplane with a floating hull floating hull design feature endorsement
an aeroplane with a ski landing gear ski landing gear design feature endorsement

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chapter 7
LOW-LEVEL RATING AND
ASSOCIATED ENDORSEMENTS

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7.1 Overview 7.2 Requirements for the

This chapter details the specific requirements for: grant of a low‑level rating
› obtaining a low-level rating (61.1070)
› obtaining a mustering endorsement (including To obtain a low-level rating, you must:
an alternative pathway)
› hold a PPL, CPL or ATPL
› limitations
› meet the requirements for the grant of at
› recency requirements least one endorsement (see section 7.3 of
› flight reviews this guide)

› person approved to conduct training › have passed the flight test mentioned
(CAO 29.10) in Schedule 5 of the MOS for the
low-level rating.
› conduct of air displays including aerobatics
practice If you are the holder of an aerial application
rating you meet the requirements for
› miscellaneous dropping operations. the granting of and application for a
low-level rating.
A low-level rating is required for low-level flight
operations (below 500 ft AGL, including low-level If you are the holder of a low-level rating
aerobatics and mustering). and an aerial application endorsement
(aeroplanes), you are taken to the meet the
If you hold an aerial application rating, you can
requirements for the granting of an aeroplane
apply for and be granted a low-level rating based
low-level endorsement.
on your aerial application rating.
Also see section 1.19 of this guide for
diagrams depicting the low-level rating and 7.3 Low-level and
associated endorsements.
mustering endorsement
For the aerial mustering endorsement, an
alternative pathway is available where you can requirements
train, be assessed and undertake on-the-job (61.1075)
training and supervision through a Part 138
operator. A legislative instrument CASA 05/23 As the holder of a low-level rating, you may
– Flight training and flight tests for grant of conduct activities detailed in table 28 if you hold
aerial mustering endorsements approval 2023 the required endorsement(s).
has been made and contains the approvals
and requirements for the operator, trainer and
assessor who wish to conduct the training. See
section 7.7 of this guide.

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Table 28: Minimum requirements

Activity Endorsement Requirements

low-level aeroplane low-level › hold an aeroplane category rating
operations endorsement › hold a valid low-level rating
(other than aerial
mustering) › have at least 5 hours of dual flight in an aeroplane while
receiving training in low-level operations
› completed flight training for the endorsement
› passed the flight test for the endorsement detailed in
Schedule 5 of the MOS
aerial mustering aerial mustering › hold an aeroplane category rating
operations – aeroplane › hold a valid low-level rating
endorsement
› hold an aeroplane low-level endorsement
› have at least 5 hours of dual flight while receiving
training in aerial mustering in an aeroplane
› completed flight training for the endorsement
› passed the flight test for the endorsement detailed in
Schedule 5 of the MOS

Note: You cannot count the 5 hours of An alternative pathway is available

dual flight experience for the issue of an to complete an aerial mustering
aeroplane low-level endorsement towards the endorsement – see section 7.7 of
aeronautical experience for the issue of an this guide.
aerial mustering endorsement.

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7.4 Limitations of a
low‑level rating
(61.1045 and 61.1050)
Before undertaking any low-level operation,
you must:
› conduct a risk assessment of the area
› hold the appropriate endorsement (detailed in
section 7.3 of this guide).

7.5 Recency requirements

(61.1055)
You may only exercise the privileges of your
low-level rating or aerial mustering endorsement
if you meet the recency requirements in table 29.

Table 29: Recency requirements

Rating or Time period Recency requirements

endorsement
low-level rating within the either:
previous › at least 2 hours of low-level operations
6 months
› an assessment by a flight instructor qualified to conduct
low-level operations
Note: The above requirement are met, if in the previous
6 months you have successfully completed one of the
following:
› a proficiency check in low-level operations
› a flight review for the low-level rating.
aerial mustering within the › completed 20 hours of aerial mustering operations
endorsement previous › been assessed as competent to conduct aerial mustering
12 months operations by a flight instructor who holds a low-level
training endorsement
› successfully completed an operator proficiency check in
low-level operations covering aerial mustering operations
› successfully completed a low-level flight review covering
aerial mustering operations.

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7.6 Flight review Flight review requirements without

holding an aerial mustering
requirements endorsement
(61.1060) To exercise the privileges of the low-level rating,
As a holder of a low-level rating, you must have a you must have completed a low-level flight review
current flight review. in the past 24 months or successfully complete
one of the following:
Also see section 2.12 of this guide.
› the flight test for the rating within the previous
Exemption 24 months
(Instrument number CASA EX32/24
Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters › the flight test for the low-level endorsement
(Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument within the previous 24 months, but more than
2024) has been included in this section 6 months after passing the flight test for the
as is applicable. rating
› an aerial application proficiency check within
Flight review requirements with an the previous 24 months
aerial mustering endorsement › an operator proficiency check within the
previous 24 months that covers either:
To exercise the privileges of the low-level rating,
you must have completed a low-level flight review » operations under the low-level rating
in the past 12 months or successfully completed » operations under the aerial application rating
one of the following:
› participating in an operator’s training and
› the flight test for the rating within the previous checking system for the low-level rating and
12 months the operator has an approval under regulation
› the flight test for the low-level endorsement 61.040 (approval to test aircraft without
within the previous 12 months, but more than holding a type rating).
6 months after passing the flight test for the
rating
› an aerial application proficiency check within
the previous 12 months
› an operator proficiency check within the
previous 12 months that covers either:
» operations under the low-level rating
» operations under the aerial application rating
› participating in an operator’s training and
checking system for the low-level rating and
the operator has an approval under regulation
61.040 (approval to test aircraft without
holding a type rating).

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7.7 Aerial mustering – You may undertake the above training

provided you:
alternative pathway › have a minimum of 100 hours in an aeroplane
(Instrument number 05/23 Flight Training › hold a low-level endorsement.
and Flight Tests for Grant of Aerial Mustering
Endorsements Approval 2023) Upon successfully completing your flight training,
you will receive a course completion certificate
This pathway allows a person who has a issued by the operator that must include:
high level of practical experience to conduct
the training. It provides the opportunity for › your name
more operational-focused training with direct › the name of the operator
supervision in mustering operations after
completing the training. › the name of the approved person who
conducted your training
An operator with an aerial work certificate
for aeroplane mustering is approved under › a comment to the effect that:
regulations 141.035 and 141.050 to provide flight
» the operator has provided you with a course
training for an aerial mustering endorsement
of training that meets the requirements of
(aeroplanes) provided:
the MOS
› the head of operations manages the flight
» the person who conducted your course of
training
training was approved under regulation
› the person conducting the flight training must: 141.035 to do so
» hold an aerial mustering endorsement » you have been assessed as competent
in each unit of competency by the
» be approved to conduct flight training for the approved person.
grant of an aerial mustering endorsement
The approved person conducting the flight
» be competent to conduct flight training training, on behalf of the operator, must make
› flight training activities are detailed in the a record of the following as soon as practicable
operator’s operations manual and meet the after you complete your flight training:
following requirements: › your (the applicant’s) name and ARN
» aeronautical knowledge and practical flight › the dates of commencement and completion
training and the flight test must comply with of flight training
the MOS
› for each flight training activity:
» your practical flight training must include
20 hours of dual flying in the same type of » the location
aeroplane used for the aerial mustering once
» the date
the training is complete
» the aircraft type and registration mark
» your theoretical and practical training
must be conducted in suitable ground and » the flight time, and whether the flight was a
airspace environments dual flight, solo or as pilot in command under
supervision
» the aeroplane used must be airworthy and
suitable for training. » the results of your performance measured
against the relevant MOS competency
requirements (Schedule 2)
› a copy of your course completion certificate.

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The operator must not permit a person to Before commencing a flight test, the approved
conduct flight training or to conduct a flight test person must:
(and a person must not do either) unless they
› ensure they meet all recency requirements of
meet the following criteria:
their applicable rating
› hold a CPL or ATPL
› be the nominated person of the operator for
› are employed by an approved operator the flight test
(employment may be by contract or
› conduct the flight test as per the requirements
other arrangement)
of the MOS
› hold a mustering endorsement (aeroplane)
› notify CASA at least 24 hours before the flight
› have a minimum of: test of the intent to conduct the flight test
» 3 years of aerial mustering operational › upon completing the test inform you of the
experience (in any aircraft category) result and, if the result is a fail, the reason(s) for
the fail
» 2,000 hours of PIC conducting aerial
mustering in an aeroplane › within 14 days of the flight test give a copy
of the result, on the approved form, to the
› is qualified in principles and methods of
operator and CASA.
instruction by:
» completing an approved course conducted
by a Part 141 operator 7.8 Approval to conduct
» holding a Certificate IV in Training and mustering training
Assessment
(Instrument number 05/23 Flight Training
» holding a tertiary teaching qualification and Flight Tests for Grant of Aerial Mustering
Endorsements Approval 2023)
› have completed a course of instructor training
delivered by a Part 141 operator that: This section applies to an eligible person. To be
an eligible person you must:
» includes a minimum of 5 hours of dual flight
training in the non-command seat › by 31 August 2014 have been approved under
CAO 29.10 to act as an approved pilot in an
» is delivered by a grade 1 flight instructor who
aeroplane
holds a low-level training endorsement
› hold a valid proficiency check that includes
» includes an assessment of competency to
a competency test in the low-level training
conduct aerial mustering training
endorsement (aeroplane).
› has successfully completed the e-learning
If you meet the conditions of an eligible person
modules for the flight examiner rating course
you are able to conduct flight training for the
prepared by CASA.
grant of:
As the approved person for the operator, you
› a low-level rating
must also ensure you complete a recurrent
check every 2 years in conducting flight training › a low-level endorsement (aeroplane)
with a grade 1 flight instructor who holds a
low-level rating. › an aerial mustering endorsement (aeroplane).

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7.9 Conduct of air displays If you conduct miscellaneous dropping

operations you do not need an aerial
including aerobatics application rating.

practice When acting as the PIC and not employed by an

operator under Part 137 or Part 138 (aerial work
(Instrument CASA EX07/24 Low-level operator), you must ensure that you conduct
Operations (Air Displays and Aerobatic your miscellaneous dropping operations in
Manoeuvres) Exemption 2024) accordance with all applicable requirements and
See section 2.17 of this guide for an exemption in conditions that apply to Part 138 of CASR limited
holding a low-level rating or an aerial application aerial work operations.
rating when conducting an air display or To conduct a miscellaneous dropping operation
aerobatic practice for an air display. in an aeroplane as the PIC you must:
› hold a low-level rating and a low-level
7.10 Dropping operations endorsement – both for aeroplanes

(miscellaneous) › either (as applicable):

» comply with the requirements for a PIC as
(Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew
required by Part 137 of CASR
Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
Exemptions) Instrument 2024) » comply with the requirements for a PIC
as required by Part 138 of CASR for aerial
A miscellaneous dropping operation is an
work operations.
operation or training for an operation that drops
the following articles from an aeroplane (in flight)
below 500 ft:
› incendiaries to initiate controlled burning
› baits for the capture or eradication of feral
animals
› search and rescue equipment
› fodder for livestock
› items for disaster relief
› other articles of a nature or articles dropped
for a purpose, that are similar in nature or
purpose to those above.
Note: A relevant article does not include any
substance that may be sprayed or broadcast.

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chapter 8
AERIAL APPLICATION
RATING AND ASSOCIATED
ENDORSEMENTS

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8.1 Overview 8.2 Requirements for

(61.1090 and 61.1140) the grant of an aerial
An aerial application rating is required to conduct
aerial application flight operations (below
application rating
500 ft AGL). Aerial application involves applying (61.1115)
substances from the aircraft to the ground, To obtain an aerial application rating, you must:
including chemical spraying, fertilising, seeding,
and bushfire firefighting. › hold a CPL or ATPL (or overseas equivalent)

An aerial application rating is category-specific › meet the requirements for the grant of at
and must include either a day aerial application least one endorsement mentioned in table 30
endorsement or a firefighting endorsement. (see section 8.3 of this guide)
Water bombing and dropping of retardant › have passed the flight test mentioned
on fires requires a firefighting endorsement in Schedule 3 of the MOS for the aerial
and an aerial application rating. If you do not application rating (this test must be conducted
engage in agricultural spraying operations, in an aircraft).
you can obtain a qualification specific to aerial
firefighting operations.
See section 1.19 of this guide for a diagram
8.3 Aerial application
depicting the aerial application rating and endorsement requirements
associated endorsements.
(61.1120 and 61.1140)
As the holder of an aerial application rating you
An aerial application rating is category-specific
are required to meet recency requirements and
and must include either a day aerial application
have a valid proficiency check (that is valid for
endorsement or a firefighting endorsement.
12 months) before you can conduct any aerial
application operation. To be granted the endorsement you must:
Several legislative instruments address matters › have completed the flight training for the
relating to aerial application ratings. These endorsement
instruments have been included in this chapter
› have met the aeronautical experience
where applicable.
requirements in table 30
Note: (CASR 137.010) an aerial application › have passed the flight test detailed in the MOS
operation (or application operation) means:
› for the aerial application endorsement and
› a flight carried out by an aeroplane to apply firefighting endorsement also have:
application material
» met the requirements for the granting of a
› a flight by an aeroplane for, or partly for, one low-level endorsement
or more of the following:
» passed the aeronautical knowledge
» inspection of a work area examination for the endorsement.
» pilot training or checking relating to a flight The training for the day aerial application
to apply application material endorsement requires:
» training of a crew member other than the › training in low-level flight (leading to the grant
pilot of a low-level rating)
» travel from a landing area to a work area › training in aerial application operations and
and back solo flight while under training
» the carriage of a passenger specified in › an aeronautical knowledge course and
regulation 137.135 for a purpose set out in examination, covering topics such as planning
that regulation and risk control, operational techniques and
human factors (Schedule 3 of MOS).
› preparation for any activities
mentioned above.

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The training for a firefighting endorsement followed by an oral and written assessment is to
requires training in low-level flight (leading to the be prepared by the training provider. There are
grant of a low-level rating) and specific training in 2 separate courses and assessments specified.
firefighting operations.
As the holder of an aerial application rating, you
Additionally, for the firefighting endorsement, may conduct activities detailed in table 30 if you
an aeronautical knowledge training course hold the required endorsement(s).

Table 30: Aerial application endorsement requirements

Activity Endorsement Requirements

aerial application aeroplane aerial › aeroplane category rating
operations (other than application › at least 200 hours of flight time as pilot of an
firefighting) below endorsement aeroplane
500 ft AGL by day
› at least 5 hours of dual flight in an aeroplane while
receiving training in low-level operations
› at least 25 hours of dual flight in an aeroplane while
receiving training in aerial application operations
› at least 5 hours of solo flight in an aeroplane while
receiving training in aerial application operations
firefighting operations aeroplane › aeroplane category rating
below 500 ft firefighting › at least 200 hours of flight time as pilot of an
endorsement aeroplane
pilot an aeroplane
conducting low-level › at least 5 hours of dual flight in an aeroplane while
operations receiving training in low-level operations
› at least 5 hours of dual flight in an aeroplane while
receiving training in firefighting operations
aerial application night aeroplane › aeroplane aerial application endorsement
operations below aerial application › at least 750 hours of flight time as pilot in command
500 ft under the endorsement of an aeroplane conducting aerial application
night VFR
operations below 500 ft AGL
pilot an aircraft under › at least 3 hours of instrument flight time
the VFR at night
during a night circuit › at least 2 hours of solo night circuits
› at least 2 hours of dual flight while receiving training
pilot an aircraft
under the VFR at in night aerial application operations
night between the › at least 3 hours of solo flight while receiving training
aerodrome from in night aerial application operations
where the flight begins
or ends and are for
the aerial application
operation under the
VFR at night

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8.4 Supervision › knowing the pilot’s area of operations

requirements › acting as a mentor to the pilot.

(61.1130)
To exercise the privileges of your aerial
8.5 Limitations of an aerial
application endorsement (day or night), you must application rating
have either:
(61.1100)
› conducted at least 110 hours of aerial
As the holder of an aerial application rating,
application operations below 500 ft AGL
you must:
› have conducted supervised
› hold the appropriate endorsement listed in
operations including:
table 30 (see section 8.3 of this guide)
» direct supervision for the first 10 hours
› hold a valid proficiency check detailed in
» direct and indirect supervision for the next section 8.7 of this guide.
100 hours including a further minimum of
10 hours of direct supervision.
The supervision requirement reflects
8.6 Recency requirements
the complexity and hazardous nature of (61.1105 and 61.1135)
these operations.
To exercise the privileges of the aerial application
The direct and indirect supervision must be rating, you must have completed at least
conducted by one of the following: 50 hours of aerial application operations below
500 ft within the previous 12 months.
› the head of flying operations for the operator
You have met this requirement if you have
› a flight examiner who holds an aerial successfully completed either of the following
application rating flight test endorsement within the previous 12 months:
› a person approved to supervise operations › an operator proficiency check in aerial
under 61.040 (approvals by CASA for Part 61). application operations below 500 ft
Note: › an aerial application proficiency check.
Direct supervision of a pilot conducting a
flight means doing the following: As the holder of a night aerial application
endorsement, you must, within the past 45 days,
› performing the tasks involved in indirect have completed one of the following:
supervision of the pilot
› a night aerial application operation below 500 ft
› being present and able to monitor and assess AGL that includes a take-off and landing at night
the safety of the flight and communicate
directly with the pilot › completed a flight in an aircraft of the same type
or approved simulated training device, including:
› selecting and planning the area where the
flight is to be conducted » a flight of at least 1 hour’s duration that
› authorising the pilot to conduct the flight commenced no later than 20 minutes
before night
› providing direction to ensure the safety of
the flight. » practise of the necessary manoeuvres involved
in the operation in an unladen aircraft at night
Indirect supervision of a pilot conducting a or in the simulated training device
flight means doing the following:
» at least 3 take-offs and 3 landings at night.
› conducting frequent surveillance of the
performance of the pilot
› periodically reviewing the performance of the
pilot in the planning and conduct of the flight
› providing feedback on the performance of
the pilot

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8.7 Aerial application Note: (Instrument number CASA EX32/24

Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters
proficiency check validity (Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
If you are the holder of an aeroplane aerial
and requirements application endorsement or an aeroplane
(61.1110) firefighting endorsement, you may complete
an operator proficiency check with the head
Your aerial application proficiency check is valid of flying operations of an aerial application
until the end of the 12th month after the month operator, instead of a flight examiner who
in which you completed one of the following: holds an aerial application rating flight test
› passed the flight test for the rating endorsement.

› passed the flight test for the aerial application

endorsement provided the endorsement flight 8.8 Operators approved
test was at least 6 months after your rating
flight test to conduct training for
› successfully completed an operator proficiency the issue of firefighting
check that covers the rating’s operations with a
flight examiner who holds an aerial application
endorsements
flight test endorsement (Instrument number CASA 59/21 –
Part 2 Flight Training and Flight Tests
› successfully completed an aerial application
(Miscellaneous) Approvals 2021)
proficiency check conducted:
An operator is permitted to conduct flight
» in an aircraft
training for the grant of an aeroplane firefighting
» by CASA, a flight examiner or 61.040 endorsement if for the 3 years or more
approval holder and: immediately before 31 August 2021 the operator:
– you are assessed as competent in aerial › held an AOC authorising aerial application
application operations below 500 ft as operations in an aeroplane
per Schedule 3 of the MOS
› had an operations manual, containing
– your licence document is endorsed procedures for aeroplane firefighting
stating you have completed the check on operations
the date stated.
› had conducted annual aeroplane firefighting
If you hold a valid aerial application proficiency operations under the written authorisation of
check and successfully complete another within either the:
3 months before it expires, the new check will be
» National Aerial Firefighting Centre
valid for 12 months from the expiration of the
previous one. For example, if you successfully » state or territory fire control authority.
completed a proficiency check on 17 June 2024,
The operator must conduct their operations
then your aerial application proficiency check is
according to the conditions of Part 2 of
valid from 17 June 2024 – 31 July 2025.
Instrument CASA 59/21 – Flight Training and
If you attempt, and do not successfully complete, Flight Tests (Miscellaneous) Approvals 2021.
an aerial application proficiency check, you
If you wish to undertake your firefighting
no longer have a valid aerial application
endorsement with an operator detailed in this
proficiency check.
section you must:
› hold a CPL with an aeroplane category rating
› hold an aerial application rating endorsement
› have 250 hours minimum experience
conducting aerial application operations
in aeroplanes.

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chapter 9
FLIGHT ACTIVITY
ENDORSEMENTS

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9.1 Overview These endorsements require additional knowledge

and skills training. For example, if you want to
This chapter details the specific requirements for conduct aerobatic flight, you must first complete
obtaining a flight activity endorsement. a spinning flight activity endorsement followed
by aerobatic flight training and be assessed as
Flight activity endorsements encompass:
competent to conduct aerobatic flight safely.
› aerobatic flight
Training for a flight activity endorsement must
› formation flying be delivered by a qualified flight instructor who
holds the particular flight activity endorsement
› spinning flight and the relevant training endorsement on their
› formation aerobatic flight. flight instructor rating. Training for a flight activity
endorsement does not have to be undertaken
You may hold more than one flight at a Part 141 or Part 142 operator as the flight
activity endorsement. instructor may deliver the training independently.

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9.2 Kinds of flight activity

endorsements
(61.1145)
The variety of flight activity endorsements, their
authorised activities and requirements are
detailed in table 31.

Table 31: Kinds of flight activity endorsements

The activity you Endorsement Requirements to be issued the

wish to conduct required endorsement
Aerobatics aerobatic manoeuvres aerobatics flight activity › aeroplane category rating
above 3,000 ft AGL endorsement › spinning flight activity
endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres aerobatics (1,500) flight › aeroplane category rating
above 1,500 ft AGL activity endorsement › aerobatics flight
activity endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres aerobatics (1,000) flight › aeroplane category rating
above 1,000 ft AGL activity endorsement › aerobatics (1,500) flight activity
endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres aerobatics (500) flight › aeroplane category rating
above 500 ft AGL activity endorsement › aerobatics (1,000) flight activity
endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres aerobatics (unlimited) › aeroplane category rating
at any height flight activity › aerobatics (500) flight activity
endorsement endorsement
Formation formation flying formation flying flight › aeroplane category rating
activity endorsement
aerobatic manoeuvres formation aerobatics › aeroplane category rating
while flying in flight activity › aerobatics flight activity
formation endorsement endorsement
› formation flying flight
activity endorsement
Spinning spinning (intentional spinning flight activity › aeroplane category rating
upright spinning endorsement
manoeuvres above
3,000 ft AGL)

Note: The aircraft intended to be used for the

spinning activity must be certified or approved
for intentional spinning, i.e. tested to recover
from a 6-turn spin within 1.5 turns of recovery
inputs.

Advisory Circular 61–16 Spin avoidance

and stall recovery training should
be reviewed before delivering or
undertaking spin training.

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9.3 Requirements for the 9.4 Limitations of a flight

grant of a flight activity activity endorsement
endorsement (61.1155)

(61.1160) You can only conduct an aerobatic or spinning

manoeuvre if either you:
To obtain a flight activity endorsement,
you must have: › hold a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate

› the applicable prerequisite rating or › are accompanied by another pilot who:

endorsement » holds a current Class 1 or 2 medical
› completed the required flight training for certificate
the endorsement. » occupies the flight control seat in the aircraft
» is authorised to conduct the manoeuvre.

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chapter 10
INSTRUMENT RATINGS

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10.1 Overview › complete the instrument rating flight training in

an aeroplane or flight simulation device
This chapter details the requirements for
› pass the flight test for the instrument rating
the issue of an instrument rating and your
and the aeroplane category rating
obligations, privileges and limitations once you
have achieved your instrument rating. It includes, › meet the following minimum aeronautical
where applicable, any recency requirements, experience requirements:
flight reviews and proficiency checks.
» hold at least 50 hours of cross-country
The instrument ratings detailed in this flight time as PIC in an aeroplane (or flight
chapter are: simulation device) in which the flight test is
conducted
› instrument rating (other than private)
» hold at least 40 hours of instrument
› private instrument rating
time, including at least 10 hours of dual
› night rating. instrument time and either:
Also see section 1.19 of this guide for a – 10 hours of instrument flight time in an
diagram depicting the various ratings and approved simulator supervised by an
associated endorsements. approved pilot instructor
– 20 hours of instrument flight time.
10.2 Instrument rating A flight simulation device used for the above
(other than private) must represent the aeroplane in which the flight
test is conducted.

Privileges (61.855) Your flight test must be conducted in an

aeroplane unless you have previously held:
As the holder of an instrument rating, you may
pilot an aircraft: › an instrument rating

› under the IFR › an overseas rating

› at night under the VFR. › a qualification issued by the ADF that

CASA is satisfied is the equivalent to the
instrument rating.
Requirements for the granting of an
instrument rating (61.885) Note: An approved pilot instructor is an
instructor who holds an instrument rating
To be granted an instrument rating you must: training endorsement.
› hold a PPL, CPL or ATPL (or a certificate of Note: You may apply for a PPL, CPL or an ATPL
validation of an equivalent overseas flight at the same time as your instrument rating.
crew licence)
› meet the requirements for the issue of either: Proficiency check requirements
(61.880)
» a single-engine instrument rating
endorsement in a single-engine You may exercise the privileges of your
aeroplane class or type rating (to fly a instrument rating if you have a valid instrument
single-engine aeroplane) proficiency check (IPC) (aeroplane).
» a multi-engine instrument endorsement, Note: You may only exercise the privileges of
which must be a multi-engine aeroplane your rating in a multi-engine aeroplane if your
class or type rating for you (to fly a proficiency check was successfully undertaken
single-engine or multi-engine aeroplane) in a multi-engine aeroplane.
› meet the requirements for either a 2D or 3D There are a number of alternatives to holding
instrument approach endorsement a valid instrument rating proficiency check.
These must be completed in a relevant aeroplane.
› pass the aeronautical knowledge exam for the See table 32.
instrument rating

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Table 32: Alternatives for holding a valid instrument proficiency check

Alternative Any additional conditions to be met

you pass the flight test for the Nil
instrument rating
you pass the flight test for an the test is conducted more than 6 months after the flight test
instrument endorsement for the rating
you successfully complete an covers IFR operations and is conducted by a flight examiner
operator proficiency check who holds an instrument rating flight test endorsement
you are successfully participating in the operator holds an approval under regulation 61.040 for
an operator’s training and checking their training and checking system (your check is only valid for
system for IFR operations operations with that specific operator)
you pass an instrument proficiency either:
check in a relevant aeroplane › the IPC was conducted by CASA or a flight examiner and
they have:
» assessed you as meeting the IFR Part 61 competency
standards for an IPC
» endorsed your licence with the date and the aircraft to
which the IPC relates
› a person approved under 61.040 assesses you as
competent to conduct operations under the IFR, and CASA
or a flight examiner have:
» conducted an oral assessment of your IFR operations
knowledge as given in the MOS for an IPC
» endorsed your licence with the date and the aircraft to
which the IPC relates

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Note: Your instrument rating proficiency check If at any time you attempt but fail an instrument
is valid until the end of the 12th month after proficiency check, you no longer hold a valid
the month in which you successfully complete instrument proficiency check for the aircraft
the flight test or proficiency check. category or multi-engine aircraft (as applicable)
For example, if you passed a flight test or until you successfully complete the instrument
successfully completed a proficiency check proficiency check.
on 17 June 2024, then your IPC is valid from Note: Relevant aircraft, for an instrument
17 June 2024 – 31 July 2025. proficiency check, means a single-engine or
If you hold an instrument proficiency check, you multi-engine aeroplane.
may complete an instrument proficiency check
for the rating within 3 months before the expiry Limitations (61.860, 61.865, 61.890, 61.895,
of your previous check. In this case, your next 61.900 and 61.905)
expiry will be at the end of the 12th month, when
your previous check expired. For example, if your You are authorised to conduct an instrument
existing instrument proficiency check expires on approach operation as the PIC in instrument
31 July 2025, you may undertake a flight review in meteorological conditions (IMC) only if:
May, June or July of 2025 and your new validity will › the aircraft is equipped for an instrument
be the 31 July 2026. approach operation
Note: You are successfully participating in an › the kind of navigation system is one where you
operator’s training and checking system for an have previously conducted either:
operation if:
» an instrument approach operation
› you are employed by the operator
» a simulated instrument approach
› the operator’s training and checking system operation in an approved flight simulation
covers the operation training device.
› you have met the requirements under the You are only permitted to pilot an aircraft under
system for entry into the system the IFR or at night under the VFR if you hold the
› you are permitted under the system to endorsements detailed in table 33. To hold any
be assigned by the operator for duty for of the endorsements detailed in this section, you
the operation. must first hold an instrument rating.

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Table 33: Authorised activities and associated limitations

What I want to do Endorsement Conditions that must be met

required
fly an aeroplane multi-engine hold a multi-engine aeroplane class rating or type rating for
(multi-engine or aeroplane the type of multi-engine aeroplane and:
single-engine) under instrument › at least 10 hours dual instrument time in a multi-engine
the IFR or under the endorsement aeroplane or an approved flight simulation device
NVFR
› at least 5 hours of aeronautical experience at night as
the pilot of an aeroplane or an approved flight simulation
training device including a minimum of:
» 1 hour dual flight time
» 1 hour of solo night circuits
fly a single-engine single-engine hold a single-engine aeroplane class rating or type rating for
aeroplane under the aeroplane the type of multi-engine aeroplane and:
IFR or at under the instrument › at least 10 hours of dual instrument time in a single-engine
NVFR endorsement aeroplane or an approved flight simulation device
› at least 5 hours of aeronautical experience at night as
the pilot of an aeroplane or an approved flight simulation
training device including a minimum of:
» 1 hour of dual flight time
» 1 hour of solo night circuits
conduct a 2D you must have nil
instrument an IAP 2D
approach endorsement
conduct a 3D you must have you must hold an IAP 2D endorsement and either:
instrument an IAP 3D › pass the flight test for the endorsement in the last
approach endorsement 12 months
› have competently demonstrated a 3D instrument
approach operation during a proficiency check (that covers
IFR operations and is conducted by a flight examiner who
holds an instrument flight test endorsement) either:
» in your most recent instrument proficiency check to an
approved person
» within the last 15 months to an approved person
› be successfully participating in an operator regulation
61.040 approved training and check system for an
operation that includes 3D instrument approaches

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To be able to conduct specific IFR activities you

must also comply with the conditions outlined in
table 34.

Table 34: Authorised activities and associated limitations

Activity Conditions
to fly an aircraft as either:
a single-pilot › pass the flight test for the rating in a single-pilot operation
› complete an IPC in a single-pilot aircraft
› hold a valid IPC for a single-engine aeroplane
to conduct a either:
circling approach › pass your most recent IPC that includes a circling approach (this can also mean
under the IFR an operator proficiency check that covers IFR operations and conducted by a
flight examiner who holds an instrument flight test endorsement)
› participate in an operator’s approved regulation 61.040 training and checking
system for an operation that includes circling approaches
› pass the flight test for the rating in the previous 12 months that included a
circling approach
to conduct an either:
instrument › complete training in the approach
approach of a › demonstrate your competence to an approved person in instrument
particular kind
approach operations using the procedure

Note: The approved person above must be Recency (61.870 and 61.875)
CASA, a flight examiner who is authorised to
conduct an instrument approach operation of If you hold an instrument rating, to be able to
the same procedure or a person who holds conduct an instrument approach in IMC, you
an approval under regulation 61.040 to assess must comply with the recency requirements in
your competence. table 35.

Table 35: Recency requirements to conduct an instrument approach in IMC

Operation Requirement Conditions (as applicable)

single-pilot › conduct a flight or simulated flight this is not required if one of the following
operations under the IFR in a single-pilot applies:
operation within the last 6 months › you have successfully completed an
› the flight must be at least one hour OPC that covers IFR operations
and include one instrument or › you are successfully participating in an
simulated instrument approach operator’s regulation 61.040 approved
training and checking system
pilot an 3 instrument approach operations in an aircraft or approved flight simulation
aeroplane training device in last 90 days
under the IFR
1 instrument approach in an aeroplane or approved flight
simulation training device in the last 90 days
in which the flight is to be conducted
if you hold the authority to conduct: you must have conducted at least one of the
› 2D same approach (as applicable) in an aircraft
› 3D or approved flight simulation training device
in the last 90 days
› azimuth guidance operation
› course deviation operation
instrument approach

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Removal of conditions from an old To be granted a private instrument rating

authorisation (61.887) you must:

If you are the holder of an old authorisation that › hold a PPL or CPL (or a certificate of validation
includes a condition preventing you from acting of an equivalent overseas flight crew licence)
as PIC, CASA must remove the condition if: › meet the requirements for the issue of both:
› you apply to CASA for the removal of the » a single-engine aeroplane private instrument
condition endorsement or multi-engine aeroplane
› you meet the requirements for the issue private instrument endorsement
of both: » a navigation private instrument endorsement
» an instrument rating (NDB or VOR/ LLZ or GNSS)

» an instrument endorsement that authorises › have passed either:

you to pilot an aircraft under the IFR of » the aeronautical knowledge exam for the
the category or class you are seeking instrument rating
the authorisation.
» a private instrument rating aeronautical
An old authorisation is an authorisation knowledge exam set and conducted by
you held before 1 September 2014 CASA or an approved Part 141 or Part 142
and has not been surrendered or operator
cancelled before 1 September 2018.
› have completed the private instrument rating
Regulation 202.272 (Grant of equivalent
flight training
new authorisations for certain holders of
old authorisations) applies. › have passed the flight test for the private
instrument rating
› have completed 20 hours of instrument flight
10.3 Private instrument time (including 10 hours of dual instrument
ratings flight time) during either:

(61.N.1) » training conducted by a flight instructor

who holds an instrument rating training
endorsement
Privileges (61.910)
» training for a PPL, CPL or ATPL or a night VFR
If you hold a private instrument rating, you are rating
permitted to operate under the IFR in a private
operation in Australian territory, provided the » your time as a member of the ADF.
aircraft is certified for single-pilot operations and
has a MTOW of no more than 5,700 kg.

Requirements for the granting

of a private instrument rating
(61.930 and 61.935)
The holder of an instrument rating meets the
requirements for the granting of a private
instrument rating.

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Flight review requirements (61.925) For a valid private instrument rating holder
to fly a multi-engine aeroplane under the IFR,
You may exercise the privileges of your private the flight review or test must be conducted
instrument rating in a single-engine aeroplane in a multi-engine aeroplane under the same
(only) provided you hold a valid flight review conditions detailed in table 36.
within the previous 24 months that was
conducted in a single-engine aeroplane or an There are several alternatives to holding a valid
approved flight simulator. flight review. These must be completed in a
relevant aeroplane.

Table 36: Alternatives for holding a valid flight review

Alternative Any conditions to be met

you pass the flight test for the private the test is conducted in an aeroplane or an approved
instrument rating flight simulator within the previous 24 months
you pass the flight test for a private the test is conducted more than 6 months from the flight
instrument endorsement test for the rating (but within 24 months) in an aeroplane
or an approved flight simulator
you successfully complete an instrument the check is conducted in an aeroplane within the
proficiency check previous 24 months

Limitations – endorsement
requirements (61. 915, 61.935, 61.940,
61.942, 61.945 and 61.950)
As the holder of a private instrument rating, you
may pilot an aeroplane under the IFR only if you
also hold an endorsement detailed in table 37.

Table 37: Aircraft category/class endorsements for a private instrument rating

Activity you wish to Endorsement required Conditions (as applicable)

conduct
pilot a single-engine single-engine aeroplane › single-engine aeroplane class rating
aeroplane under the IFR private instrument › at least 10 hours of dual instrument flight
endorsement time in an aeroplane
pilot a multi-engine multi-engine aeroplane › multi-engine aeroplane class rating
aeroplane under the IFR private instrument › at least 10 hours of dual instrument flight
endorsement time in an aeroplane

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In addition, you may only conduct an activity

detailed in table 38 if you hold the applicable
endorsement and meet the required conditions.

Table 38: Private instrument rating endorsement requirements and conditions

Activity you wish to conduct Endorsement required Conditions

(as applicable)
Navigation endorsements
enroute navigation, including as applicable to the navigation aid: nil
holding, under the IFR using: › NDB private instrument
› a non-directional beacon endorsement
navigation system (NDB) › VOR/LLZ private instrument
› a VHF omnirange / localiser endorsement
navigation system (VOR/LLZ) › GNSS private instrument
› a global navigation satellite endorsement
system (GNSS)
Departure endorsements
a take-off and departure (other as applicable to the aeroplane: as applicable to the
than a standard instrument › departure – single-engine aircraft aeroplane you must
departure) under the IFR private instrument endorsement hold a:
Note: this must include a climb to › departure – multi-engine aircraft › single-engine aeroplane
the published lowest safe altitude private instrument endorsement private instrument
for the first route segment of the endorsement
flight in a: › multi-engine aeroplane
› single-engine aeroplane private instrument
endorsement
› multi-engine aeroplane
a take-off and departure, including standard instrument departure
a standard instrument departure, (SID) private instrument
under the IFR endorsement
Note: this must include a climb to
the published lowest safe altitude
for the first route segment of the
flight
Approach/arrival endorsements
an arrival under the IFR using both: standard terminal arrival route
› a published AIP procedure (STAR) private instrument
endorsement
› the navigation system that
you hold a private instrument
endorsement for i.e. NDB,
VOR/LLZ, or GNSS
an instrument approach, under the as applicable to the navigation aid:
IFR using: › approach – NDB private
› a non-directional beacon instrument endorsement
navigation system (NDB) › approach – VOR/LLZ private
› a VHF omnirange/localiser instrument endorsement
navigation system (VOR/LLZ) › approach – DME or GNSS arrival
› distance measuring equipment procedures private instrument
or a global navigation satellite endorsement
system (GNSS)

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Activity you wish to conduct Endorsement required Conditions

(as applicable)
a required navigational approach – RNP APCH–2D private hold a Navigation – GNSS
performance instrument approach instrument endorsement private instrument
operation without vertical guidance endorsement
using either:
› a GNSS
› another kind of area
navigation-based system
a required navigational approach – RNP APCH–3D private hold both a:
performance instrument approach instrument endorsement › navigation – GNSS
operation using barometric‑aided private instrument
vertical guidance
endorsement
› approach – RNP
APCH–2D private
instrument
endorsement
an instrument approach operation approach – ILS private instrument
using either: endorsement
› an instrument landing system
(ILS)
› microwave landing system
› global navigation satellite
system (GNSS) with
ground-based augmentation
Night endorsements
pilot an aeroplane under the IFR night private instrument at least 10 hours of
at night endorsement (aeroplane) aeronautical experience at
night in an aeroplane or an
approved flight simulation
training device for the
purpose, including at least:
› 3 hours of dual
cross‑country flight time
at night
› 5 hours of flight time at
night in an aeroplane
› 1 hour of solo night
circuits

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Note:
10.4 Night VFR rating
› Navigation endorsements: If you have a
navigation endorsement, you can use the (NVFR)
endorsed navigation system for instrument (61.O.1)
approach operations in IMC after meeting
either of the following conditions: Privileges (61.955)
» an instrument approach operation in an If you hold an NVFR rating and aeroplane licence,
aeroplane you may fly at night under the VFR, except
» a simulated instrument approach in a night aerial application operation below
operation in an approved flight simulation 5,000 ft AGL.
training device.
› Navigation endorsements: You may Requirements for the granting of a
conduct en-route navigation to below the night VFR rating (61.975)
published lowest safe altitude provided you To be granted an NVFR rating you must:
hold the applicable navigation endorsement
and the: › have a PPL, CPL or ATPL (or a certificate of
validation of an equivalent overseas flight
» visibility is at least 5,000 m crew licence)
» aircraft is clear of cloud. › meet the requirements for the grant of either a:
› Approach and arrival endorsements: You » single-engine aeroplane NVFR endorsement
can conduct the endorsed approach under
the IFR in a multi-engine aeroplane if you hold » multi-engine aeroplane NVFR endorsement
both the approach and landing multi-engine › have at least 10 hours of night aeronautical
aeroplane private instrument endorsements. experience in an aircraft or approved flight
› Night endorsements: You may fly at night simulation device including 5 hours of dual
under the IFR below the published lowest safe cross-country flight time (at night under the
altitude (LSALT) provided you hold a night VFR), over at least 2 flights (each must include
private instrument endorsement and the: at least one landing at an aerodrome, other
than from where the flight began, and remote
» visibility is at least 5,000 m from extensive ground lighting)
» aircraft is clear of cloud. › passed the flight test for an NVFR rating.
Note: As the holder of a private instrument
rating any instrument endorsement you hold is There is no theory examination required
considered to be equivalent to the applicable for the NVFR rating, although an oral
private instrument endorsement. assessment is required before the
flight test. The flight test will include a
demonstration of competency in flight
Recency (61.920) manoeuvres flown solely by reference
As the holder of a private instrument rating, you to instruments. These requirements are
may only conduct an instrument approach in IMC described in the flight test standards in
as pilot in command if in the previous 6 months Schedule 5 of the MOS.
you have:
› conducted the same kind of instrument
approach in an aeroplane or an approved flight
simulation training device
› piloted an aircraft under the IFR.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Flight review requirements (61.970) Note: You are successfully participating in an

operator’s training and checking system for an
You are authorised to pilot an aeroplane at night operation if:
under the VFR if, in the previous 24 months, you
have successfully completed one of the following: › you are employed by the operator

› a flight review for the rating (in an aeroplane or › the operator’s training and checking system
approved flight simulator) covers the operation

› a flight test for the rating (in an aeroplane or › you have met the requirements under the
approved flight simulator) system for entry into the system

› a flight test for the granting of an NVFR › you are permitted under the system to
endorsement at least 6 months after passing be assigned by the operator for duty for
the flight test for the rating (in an aeroplane or the operation.
approved flight simulator)
› an operator proficiency check (OPC) that
Limitations (61.960, 61.985, 61.980, 61.985
covers NVFR operations in an aeroplane and 61.980)

› active participation in an operator’s regulation As the holder of an NVFR rating, you may pilot
61.040 approved training and checking system an aeroplane at night under the VFR only if you
that covers NVFR operations in an aeroplane. also hold an endorsement detailed in table 39.
By holding the endorsement you are permitted
Note: For you to fly a multi-engine aeroplane to conduct the activity described in table 39.
at night under the VFR, the above requirements
apply. However, the flight review, flight test
for the rating or endorsement, the OPC or
participation in the operator’s approved training
and checking system must be conducted in a
multi-engine aeroplane.

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Table 39: Aircraft category/class endorsements for a private instrument rating

Activity you wish to Endorsement Conditions (as applicable)

conduct required
pilot a single-engine single-engine › at least 5 hours of aeronautical experience at
aeroplane under the NVFR aeroplane night VFR night as pilot of an aeroplane or an approved
endorsement flight simulation training device for the
purpose, including at least one hour of dual
flight and one hour of solo night circuits
› at least 3 hours of dual instrument time
pilot a multi-engine multi-engine › at least 5 hours of aeronautical experience at
aeroplane under the NVFR aeroplane night VFR night as pilot of a multi-engine aeroplane or
endorsement an approved flight simulation training device
for the purpose, including at least one hour of
dual flight and one hour of solo night circuits
› at least 3 hours of dual instrument time

Recency (61.395 and 61.965) Note: A relevant check or review means either
an instrument proficiency check, an instructor
You are authorised to use the privileges of your proficiency check, an operator proficiency check
NVFR rating in an aeroplane providing that within or a flight review.
the previous 6 months you have either:
While instrument flying proficiency is
› conducted at least one night take-off and
essential to the safe conduct of night
landing in an aeroplane that you are controlling
flying, there are no regulated instrument
› been assessed as competent to conduct a flying recency requirements specified for
flight at night in an aeroplane. The assessment NVFR operations. You should be mindful
must be conducted by a flight instructor who of the degradation of unused skills and
holds a night VFR training endorsement. consider undertaking a check flight with
a flight instructor if there are significant
In addition to the above, to be authorised to
gaps between your flights under the
carry passengers at night you must have, within
night VFR.
the last 90 days (in an aeroplane or approved
flight simulator), completed one of the following:
› at least 3 night take-offs (followed by a climb
to at least 500 ft AGL) and 3 night landings
while controlling the aircraft or approved flight
simulator
› a relevant check, review or passed a flight test
for a pilot licence or rating on your pilot licence
that included at least one take-off and landing
at night
› participation in an operator’s regulation 61.040
approved training and checking system that
includes night operations in an aeroplane.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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chapter 11
PILOT INSTRUCTOR RATINGS

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11.1 Overview experience varies between aircraft categories

and whether you have completed your CPL
This chapter details how you obtain and training via an integrated training course.
maintain an instructor rating and any associated
endorsement. It also details your obligations as Instructional experience accrued by
they relate to training and supervising students. the holder of a recreational aviation
instructor certificate cannot be credited
To obtain an instructor rating, you must be towards the minimum aeronautical
trained and examined in accordance with the experience requirements to be met for
applicable Part 61 regulations and Schedule 2 the grant of a pilot instructor rating and
of the MOS. You must also meet the applicable training endorsements.
experience requirements.
As an instructor you are expected to:
› be competent in conducting training
11.2 Private pilots –
› be able to simultaneously deliver the training
granting a flight instructor
and manage difficult circumstances as they rating
arise
(61.1185)
› evaluate trainees’ performance and determine
what new or revision training is required Private pilots can be granted a flight instructor
rating but are limited to giving instruction
› determine when a trainee has reached the for grant of design feature and flight activity
required standard. endorsements. Flight training for the grant of
Your initial training as an instructor is key to design feature and flight activity endorsements
ensuring you understand how to achieve these may be conducted independently of a Part 141
desired outcomes. Competent instructors or Part 142 operator.
are dependent upon the quality of the ‘train
the trainer’ instructor training that, in turn, is
dependent on competent trainers. 11.3 Principles and
The pilot instructor rating allows for the grant methods of instruction (PMI)
of both: For the grant of a pilot instructor rating, you
› a flight instructor rating must pass an examination on the principles and
methods of instruction (PMI).
› a simulator instructor rating.
A PMI training course is designed to ensure
For this chapter, where the term pilot instructor you gain a sound understanding of the basic
is used, the information applies to both a flight principles of adult education, learning styles and
instructor and a simulator instructor. instructional technique to be applied in their
Note: If you only hold a simulator instructor delivery of ground and flight instruction.
rating, and do not also hold a flight instructor Schedule 3 of the MOS contains the unit
rating, you are restricted to delivering FIRC: Flight Instructor Rating – Common that
instruction in an approved flight simulation prescribes the elements your training course
training device only. must cover. The PMI examination is common to
Note: All the same endorsements that apply all pilot instructor ratings and only needs to be
to flight instructors apply to the simulator completed for the initial grant of the rating.
instructor rating.
If you already meet the educational requirements
There are no hour requirements for a training by holding either a Certificate IV in workplace
course to become an instructor. Part 61 training and assessment or a tertiary qualification
stipulates minimum aeronautical experience for in education, you are not required to undertake a
trainees that must be met before commencing PMI course. In either case, you still must pass the
the training course for the rating and any specific pilot instructor rating common (PIRC) exam.
endorsements applied for. The aeronautical

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11.4 Flight instructor grades supervise students and other instructors

and to lead training courses. The structure
(61.1235) facilitates building skills and abilities through
experience and additional focussed professional
As a pilot instructor you may be issued a grade 3,
development including conducting flight reviews,
2 or 1 training endorsement.
providing supervision and course direction. The
The grade 3, 2, 1 endorsement structure provides following depict the minimum requirements for
for progression of expertise and instructional the issue of a grade of training endorsement.
maturity. This enables flight instructors to

Figure 13: Grade 3 training endorsement

CPL or ATPL

Aeroplane category rating Grade 3 training endorsement

Spinning flight activity endorsement

Figure 14: Grade 2 training endorsement

CPL or ATPL

Aeroplane category rating

Grade 2 training endorsement

Grade 3 training endorsement

At least 200 hours flight time conducting

initial flight training

Figure 15: Grade 1 training endorsement

CPL or ATPL

Aeroplane category rating

Grade 1 training endorsement

Grade 2 training endorsement

At least 500 hours flight time conducting

initial flight training

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11.6 Operational rating

or flight activity training
endorsement
Before you apply for an operational rating or
flight activity training endorsement, you should
have experience in conducting the activity
applicable to the training endorsement.
The training endorsement course should address
all the competencies and practical aspects of the
activity. The advisory circular AC 61–07 – Flight
Instructor Training provides detailed guidance
and sample courses for training endorsements.
Before exercising the privileges of a training
endorsement, it is your responsibility as an
instructor and the operator (where applicable) to
ensure you are competent to deliver the training
permitted by the training endorsement.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

11.7 Instrument of
approval and exemptions
applicable to flight
11.5 Training endorsement instructors
For the grant of a pilot instructor rating, you must
meet the requirements for the grant of at least Grade 1 training endorsement
one training endorsement. Your training course (Instrument CASA EX64/22 – Flight Training
will incorporate the training for the grant of your
and Flight Tests by Grade 1 Training
first training endorsement.
Endorsement Holders (Exemptions and
To exercise the privileges of most training Approvals) Instrument 2022)
endorsements, a pilot instructor must be
engaged by a Part 141 or Part 142 operator The flight instructor rating training endorsement
authorised to conduct the training. The operator is no longer required by the holder of a grade 1
is responsible for: training endorsement to deliver training for some
instructor training endorsements.
› instructor supervision and guidance on the
delivery of their training courses The details and conditions for this approval are
contained in the Instrument. An operator or
› conducting standardisation checks of students flight instructor who is considering conducting
and instructors to ensure training standards training or testing, as provided in the instrument,
are maintained and consistent. should read it carefully to ensure they fully
See section 11.12 – Endorsement requirements understand and can comply with the conditions
of a flight instructor rating and section 11.13 and limitations imposed.
Endorsement requirements of a simulator
instructor rating of this guide.

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The flight school operator is responsible

for ensuring the grade 1 flight instructor is
11.9 Occupying a flight
competent to deliver the training and conduct control seat
the flight tests permitted by the instrument.
A course of training should be developed by (Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew
the operator that addresses the competencies Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
required to deliver instructor training for the Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
training endorsements. When you are using the privileges of your
See also section 11.12 of this guide. instructor rating, you must occupy a flight control
seat in the following activities:
Basic instrument flight training › a proficiency check, in an aircraft that is not
(Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew a single-place aircraft, unless each flight crew
member occupying a flight control seat is
Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
authorised to pilot the aircraft
Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
› any activity where you are or are required to be
There are 2 instruments relating to basic the pilot in command (PIC)
instrument flight that affect a flight instructor.
› any activity where a flight control seat is
Some holders of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 available for you to occupy.
training endorsements cannot conduct basic
instrument flight training. Note: As a flight or simulator instructor, you
are not required to occupy a control seat whilst
CASR Part 9 of instrument CASA EX32/24 should using the remaining privileges of your licence.
be reviewed for the requirements to be met
before conducting basic instrument flight. If you are conducting an activity in a flight
simulation training device and you are not
See also section 11.10 of this guide. occupying a control seat you must:
› be located at a place that enables you to
11.8 Proficiency check observe all demonstrations by each flight crew
member occupying a flight control seat
(61.1180)
› be able to monitor each flight crew member’s
As a flight instructor you must have a valid use of radiocommunication systems
instructor proficiency check to deliver flight
training. A proficiency check does not need to › maintain 2-way communications with the flight
cover all the training endorsements you hold. crew members.
Your instructor proficiency check is about
reviewing your instructional capability in the
context in which you operate. 11.10 Basic instrument
The first proficiency check following the grant of flight training
your flight instructor rating is required 12 months
(Instrument number EX32/24 Flight Crew
following the flight test, and thereafter every
Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
24 months. There are other circumstances that
Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
can meet this requirement. See sections 11.11
(Flight instructor proficiency checks) and 11.12 Instrument number EX32/24 applies to you if
(Simulator instructor proficiency checks) of you hold a training endorsement but do not
this guide. hold either:
You are also subject to Part 141 operator › an instrument rating training endorsement
standardisation and proficiency checks and/
or Part 142 internal training and checking › an NVFR rating training endorsement.
that provide both yourself and the operator
the opportunity for ongoing assessment and
refresher training when required.

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Basic instrument flight training (BIFT) is included

in the scope of training of the instrument rating
11.12 Flight instructor
training endorsement and the NVFR rating rating
training endorsement. An alternative to holding
one of these training endorsements is available. Requirements for the granting of a
You can complete a course of basic training in
BIFT and be assessed as competent so that you flight instructor rating (61.1185)
can conduct BIFT. To be granted a flight instructor rating you must:
Before conducting BIFT you must complete a › hold a PPL, CPL or ATPL (this may a certificate
training course and been assessed as competent of validation of an overseas flight crew licence
by an instructor who: equivalent to a PPL, CPL or ATPL)
› holds a grade 1 training endorsement › meet the requirements for the grant of at least
(aeroplane) one training endorsement (see section 11.5 of
this guide)
› is authorised to conduct BIF in and aeroplane.
› have completed flight instructor flight training
Your training course must be conducted by an detailed in the MOS (noting you must not
authorised Part 141 or Part 142 operator who commence this flight training until you fulfil the
conduct the BIFT according to the requirements experience requirements detailed above)
of Part 46 of Instrument number EX32/24.
› have passed:
» an approved course of training in principles
11.11 Conducting flight and methods of instruction, or hold either:
training or a flight test – a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment

without holding a type rating – a tertiary qualification in teaching

» the associated flight instructor aeronautical
(61.135) knowledge examination
There are occasions when there is no pilot with a » the instructor flight test
relevant aircraft type rating available to conduct
flight training or flight testing for an aircraft type. › have, in the same aeroplane as the flight test,
For example this may occur when a new type is at least 200 hours of flight time as a pilot
being introduced. and at least 100 hours of flight time as a PIC,
unless you:
As a flight instructor or flight examiner, you
» have completed a CPL integrated training
may apply to CASA in writing for an approval to
course in an aeroplane
conduct either the training or a flight test. Any
training and flight test must be conducted in » meet the licence requirements of that
accordance with the approval issued. aircraft category rating.

CASA would have a preference for the

training or test to be conducted in an
approved flight simulator if one was
available, which would reduce risks.

It is also common for a foreign licence

holder to come to Australia and deliver
training, for example, for a new type or
aircraft manufacturer scenario. In this
situation they would most likely receive a
certificate of validation for that purpose.

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Privileges of flight instructor ratings General limitations on exercising

(61.1165) flight instructor rating privileges
As a flight instructor you are authorised to: (61.1170 and CASA 62/20)

› conduct flight training for: You may exercise the privileges of your flight
instructor rating (including in an approved flight
» pilot licences simulation training device of the particular
» ratings on pilot licences (other than a cruise category) once you have:
relief flight engineer type rating and flight
› completed the required aeronautical
examiner ratings)
experience
» endorsements on pilot licences (other than
flight examiner endorsements) › passed the flight test for the rating in an
aircraft of the required category.
› grant an endorsement(s) to the holder of a
pilot licence To conduct flight training for a pilot licence, rating
or endorsement on a pilot licence, you must
› conduct: also be engaged as an instructor by a Part 141
» training in multi-crew cooperation or Part 142 operator authorised to conduct
» differences training for a variant of a type that training.
rating To conduct training in an aircraft, you must hold
» training to meet the competencies of a current applicable medical certificate.
regulation 61.385 being: In addition, you may only conduct training
– operating the aircraft’s navigation and for a flight activity endorsement if you have
operating systems demonstrated competency in training the specific
flight activity to an authorised person who holds
– conducting all normal, abnormal and
the flight activity endorsement.
emergency flight procedures for the
aircraft Note: An authorised person is a person
– applying operating limitations approved to conduct flight tests for the relevant
training endorsement.
– weight and balance requirements
Note: A flight activity endorsement is an
– applying aircraft performance data, aerobatics endorsement, a formation
including take-off and landing performance endorsement or spinning endorsement.
data, for the aircraft See chapter 9 of this guide.
› conduct flight reviews required for ratings
on a pilot licence (other than a cruise Endorsement requirements of a flight
relief flight engineer type rating and flight instructor rating (61.1175 and 61.1235)
examiner ratings)
As a flight instructor, you may undertake the
› authorise a person, including student following activities as an instructor provided you
pilots, to pilot an aircraft (including solo meet the relevant endorsement requirements
flights if you hold a grade 1 or grade 2 detailed in table 40.
training endorsement)
› conduct dual flight checks for a student pilot
› approve a person who does not hold a rating
or endorsement to pilot an aircraft to receive
flight training
› approve a person to transmit on an aviation
safety radio frequency
› assess the standard of knowledge of a person
for a pilot licence or rating in any items in their
knowledge deficiency report.

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Table 40: Endorsement requirements – flight instructor rating

What I want to be able to do as an instructor Minimum endorsement

requirements
Training for licences and aircraft ratings
activities authorised by a grade 2 or 3 training endorsement grade 1 training endorsement
supervise holders of grade 2 and grade 3 training (category specific)
endorsements in flight training
approve a student pilot to conduct a solo flight including
their first solo
aircraft class rating
assess a knowledge deficiency report for the grant of a pilot
licence or rating
approve a student pilot to conduct a solo flight including grade 2 training endorsement
their first solo (category specific)
aircraft class rating
assess a knowledge deficiency report for the grant of a pilot
licence or rating
activities authorised by a grade 3 training endorsement
aeroplane category rating grade 3 training endorsement
an RPL, PPL or CPL, other than basic instrument flight (category specific)
training
RPL endorsement (see below in this table the grant of the
endorsement)
approve a student pilot to conduct a solo flight in an
aeroplane, other than the student’s first solo flight in an
aeroplane
a single-engine aeroplane class rating
a multi-crew pilot licence or air transport pilot licence multi-crew pilot training endorsement
multi-crew cooperation
the pilot type rating or cruise relief copilot type rating for type rating training endorsement
aircraft of the specified type (type specific)
differences training for variants of the specified aircraft type
aircraft class rating for the specified class class rating training endorsement
(class specific)
design feature endorsement the holder holds design feature training endorsement
Training for operational ratings and endorsements
instrument rating, private instrument rating, instrument instrument rating training
endorsement or private instrument endorsement in an endorsement (category specific)
aeroplane
basic instrument flight training for an aeroplane instrument rating training
endorsement (category specific) or
NVFR rating training endorsement
(category specific)
NVFR rating or NVFR endorsement in an aeroplane NVFR rating training endorsement
(category specific)
low-level rating in an aeroplane low-level rating training endorsement
a low-level endorsement (category specific)

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What I want to be able to do as an instructor Minimum endorsement

requirements
aerial application rating (day) in an aeroplane aerial application rating (day) training
aerial application endorsement, other than a firefighting endorsement
operation, below 500 ft AGL by day (category specific)
aerial application rating (night) in an aeroplane aerial application rating (night) training
endorsement
(category specific)
aerial application rating including a firefighting aerial application rating (aeroplane)
endorsement in an aeroplane firefighting endorsement (aeroplane)
Note: Reference should be made to
CASA EX 31/23 as a flight instructor
rating is not required provided the
requirements and experience of this
instrument are met.
flight instructor rating, simulator instructor rating or training Instructor rating training endorsement
endorsement in an aeroplane (category specific)
class rating (multi-engine aeroplane) training endorsement multi-engine aeroplane class rating
instructor training endorsement
Training for a flight activity and low-level endorsements
spinning flight activity endorsement spinning training endorsement
aerobatics including: aerobatics training endorsement
› aerobatics flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (1,500) flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (1,000) flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (500) flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity endorsement
formation flying (aeroplane) flight activity endorsement formation (aeroplane) training
endorsement
formation aerobatics flight activity endorsement formation aerobatics training
endorsement
Other authorisations
› operating the aircraft’s navigation and operating systems training endorsement that authorises
› conducting all normal, abnormal and emergency flight the instructor to conduct flight training
procedures for the aircraft in the aircraft
› applying operating limitations
› weight and balance requirements
› applying aircraft performance data, including take-off and
landing performance data, for the aircraft
grant a recreational pilot licence endorsement grade 1 or grade 2 training
endorsement (category specific)
flight review for a rating on a pilot licence › a grade 1 training endorsement or
› a grade 2 training endorsement and
› the training endorsement required
to conduct flight training for
the rating.
design feature endorsements › applicable design feature
› endorsement grade 3, 2 or 1
training endorsement or PPL with a
training endorsement

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Note: An alternative pathway for the training Minimum requirements for the
and flight test for an aerial mustering grant of training endorsements
endorsement is available. See section 7.7 of
(61.1235, 61.1248 and 61.1250)
this guide.
Note: If you meet the conditions of an eligible To be issued a training endorsement you
person (Instrument number CASA 59/21 – must hold:
Part 4) you can conduct flight training for the › a flight instructor rating
grant of:
› each other licence, rating or endorsement
› a low-level rating applicable to the training endorsement.
› a low-level endorsement (aeroplane) You must also:
› an aerial mustering endorsement (aeroplane). › meet any aeronautical requirement in table 41
See section 7.8 of this guide. › pass the flight test detailed in the MOS for
Note: Instrument number CASA EX42/22 the endorsement
Flight training and test (low-fidelity simulators)
exemption 2022 affects the type rating of the › complete an approved course of training in
following aircraft: multi-crew cooperation if you are applying for
a multi-crew training endorsement.
› Swearingen SA226/227
The flight test for a training endorsement may
› Embraer EMB120. be conducted in an approved flight simulation
training device (FSTD). An approved FSTD
If you are an instructor on these aircraft, you
is one that is approved for the particular
are exempt from the requirements of regulation
purpose required.
61.1215. Before undertaking the applicant’s
training you must make yourself aware of the
content of this legislative instrument.
Note: Instrument number CASA EX 64/22
Flight training and flight test by grade 1 training
endorsements holders (exemptions and
approvals) instrument 2022. As the holder of
a grade 1 training endorsement (provided you
hold the applicable training endorsement) you
do not require an instructor rating training
endorsement to conduct the following flight
training of a flight instructor:
› a grade 2 training endorsement
› spinning training endorsement
› aerobatics training endorsement
› formation training endorsement
› formation aerobatics training endorsement.

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Table 41: Minimum requirements for the issue of training endorsements

Training endorsement wanted Minimum requirements

aerial application rating (day) › CPL or ATPL
training endorsement (category › aerial application rating
specific – aeroplane)
› aerial application endorsement for the specified aircraft
category (aeroplanes)
› at least 100 hours of aeronautical experience in aerial
application operations below 500 ft AGL
aerial application rating (night) › CPL or ATPL
training endorsement (category › aerial application rating
specific – aeroplane)
› night aerial application endorsement for the specified aircraft
category (aeroplanes)
aerobatics training endorsement › PPL, CPL or ATPL
› spinning flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics flight activity endorsement
class rating training endorsement › CPL or ATPL
(class specific) › aircraft class rating for the specified class
› at least 50 hours of aeronautical experience as pilot of an
aircraft of the specified class
design feature training › PPL, CPL or ATPL
endorsement
formation aerobatics training › PPL, CPL or ATPL with an aeroplane category rating (aeroplanes)
endorsement › formation aerobatics flight activity endorsement
formation (aeroplane) training › PPL, CPL or ATPL with an aeroplane category rating
endorsement › formation flying (aeroplane) flight activity endorsement
grade 1 training endorsement › CPL or ATPL with the specified aircraft category rating
(category specific – aeroplane) (aeroplanes)
› grade 2 training endorsement
› at least 500 hours of flight time conducting initial flight training
in an aircraft of the specified category (aeroplane)
grade 2 training endorsement › CPL or ATPL with the specified aircraft category rating
(category specific – aeroplane) (aeroplanes)
› grade 3 training endorsement
› at least 200 hours of flight time conducting initial flight training
in an aircraft of the specified category (aeroplane)
grade 3 training endorsement › CPL or ATPL with the aeroplane category rating (aeroplanes)
(category specific) › spinning flight activity endorsement
instrument rating training › CPL or ATPL
endorsement (category specific –
aeroplane)
low-level rating training › CPL or ATPL
endorsement (category specific – › low-level rating
aeroplane)

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Training endorsement wanted Minimum requirements

multi-crew pilot training › CPL and instrument rating, or ATPL
endorsement › at least 100 hours of aeronautical experience in multi-crew
operations
multi-engine aeroplane class › CPL or ATPL with an aeroplane category rating (aeroplanes)
rating instructor training › grade 1 training endorsement (aeroplane) or type rating
endorsement training endorsement for a type of multi-engine aeroplane
night VFR rating training › CPL or ATPL
endorsement (category specific – › at least 20 hours of aeronautical experience at night as a pilot
aeroplane) of an aircraft
spinning training endorsement › PPL, CPL or ATPL
› spinning flight activity endorsement
type rating training endorsement › CPL or ATPL with pilot type rating for the specified aircraft type
(type specific – aeroplane)

Privileges and limitations Flight testing and granting of

of training endorsements ratings and endorsements (grade 1
(61.1240 and 61.1245) training endorsement holders)
To exercise the privileges of any training (Instrument number CASA EX64/22 Flight
endorsement, you must be the holder of each Training and Flight Tests by Grade 1 Training
licence, rating or endorsement required for that Endorsement Holders (Exemptions and
specific training endorsement. Approvals) Instrument 2022)
This section applies to you if you:
Limitations on the exercise of a
grade 3 training endorsement › hold a grade 1 training endorsement
(61.1246) › have successfully passed an instructor
If you are the holder of a grade 3 training proficiency check in the past 24 months
endorsement, you must not conduct any training › have successfully completed the e-learning
activity unless: modules of the flight examiner rating course
› you are acting under the supervision of the as prepared by CASA.
holder of a grade 1 training endorsement
› the flight is conducted under the VFR by day.

Limitations on the exercise of

low‑level training endorsements
(61.1247)
If you are the holder of a low-level training
endorsement, you are only authorised to conduct
training for a low-level endorsement if you:
› hold the low-level endorsement
› have at least 5 hours of aeronautical
experience conducting the activity authorised
by the low-level endorsement.

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You are permitted to conduct the flight test for › comply with the following as if you were a flight
the grant of an authorisation detailed in table 42 examiner rating holder:
if you:
» recent experience of the rating or
› hold the relevant detailed authorisation endorsement
› are employed or engaged by a Part 141 » flight review requirements of the rating or
or Part 142 operator who is authorised to endorsement
conduct the flight training that relates to the
» meet the obligations of a flight examiner
specific authorisation
relating to undertaking a flight test (see
› are authorised by the applicable Part 141 or section 12.8 of this guide)
Part 142 operator to conduct the training
» meet the obligations as they apply to the
applicable to the authorisation
flight test for a rating or endorsement (see
section 12.8 of this guide).

Table 42: Flight tests and granting of authorisations (rating and endorsements)

Authorisation you wish to conduct Authorisation you require under this exemption
aircraft class rating a class rating training endorsement
aircraft type rating a type rating training endorsement for the same aircraft
type as that for which the flight test is conducted
class rating training endorsement (other both:
than for multi-engine aeroplanes) › a class rating training endorsement
› an instructor rating training endorsement
design feature training endorsement both:
› a class rating
› the design feature training endorsement
instrument rating training endorsement both:
› an instrument rating training endorsement
› an instructor rating training endorsement
night VFR rating training endorsement both:
› an NVFR rating training endorsement
› an instructor rating training endorsement
low-level rating training endorsement both:
› a low-level rating training endorsement
› an instructor rating training endorsement
spinning training endorsement spinning training endorsement
aerobatics training endorsement aerobatics training endorsement
formation (aeroplane) training formation (aeroplane) training endorsement
endorsement
formation aerobatics training endorsement formation aerobatics training endorsement

Note: All authorisations must be for the same

aircraft class as that for which the flight test
is conducted i.e. in the context of this guide,
aeroplanes.

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Flight instructor proficiency check There are a number of alternatives to holding a

(61.1180) valid instructor proficiency check.

You require a valid proficiency check to exercise Your proficiency check is valid as shown in
the privileges of your flight instructor rating. table 43.

Table 43: Flight instructor proficiency checks

Activity Time Period

pass the flight test for the rating › date of passing the flight test until the end of the
12th month after the month of passing the test
For example, if you conduct the test on 17 March 2024, your
instrument proficiency check is valid until the 30 April 2025.
pass a fight test for a training › date of passing the endorsement test flight until the
endorsement and the flight test was 24th month after the month of passing the endorsement
taken more than 6 months from the test flight
date of the rating flight test
For example, if you conduct the test on 17 March 2024, your
instrument proficiency check is valid until 30 April 2026
pass an operator proficiency check › date of passing the endorsement test flight until the
that: 24th month after the month of passing the endorsement
› covers operations under the rating test flight
› was conducted by a flight examiner For example, if you conduct the test on 17 March 2024,
who holds a flight instructor test your instrument proficiency check is valid until 30 April 2026
endorsement Note: Your instructor proficiency check is only valid for
operations with that specific operator.
you are participating in a regulation while you are successfully participating in the system
61.040 approved operator’s
training and checking system for an
operation under the rating
complete an instructor proficiency › date of passing the endorsement test flight until the
check in an aircraft or an approved 24th month after the month of passing the endorsement
flight simulator training device and: test flight
› it is conducted by CASA, a flight For example, if you conduct the test on 17 March 2024, your
examiner or holder of a 61.040 instrument proficiency check is valid until 30 April 2026
approval to conduct the check
› your logbook is endorsed by
one of the above that you
have completed an instructor
proficiency check

If you hold an instructor proficiency check Note: You are successfully participating in an
(this is an existing check) you may complete operator’s training and checking system for an
an instructor proficiency check for the rating operation if:
within 3 months before the expiry of your
› you are employed by the operator
previous check. In this case, your next expiry
will be at the end of the 12th month, when your › the operator’s training and checking system
previous check expired. For example, if your covers the operation
existing instructor proficiency check expires on
› you have met the requirements under the
31 July 2025, you may undertake a flight review
system for entry into the system
in May, June or July of 2025 and your new validity
will be the 31 July 2026. › you are permitted under the system to
be assigned by the operator for duty for
the operation.

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If at any time you fail an instructor proficiency As a current pilot, you can train as a simulator
check, you no longer hold a valid instructor instructor and you may hold training and
proficiency check and can no longer exercise the checking positions within an operator’s training
privileges of your instructor rating. and checking organisation.
When suitably qualified as a simulator instructor,
11.13 Simulator instructor you can conduct training in specialist areas
such as multi-crew cooperation training and
rating differences training for variants of type ratings.
You may also conduct flight reviews. To conduct a
(61.T.2) flight review you must have a grade 1 or grade 2
As a simulator instructor, you may conduct training endorsement or a training endorsement
training for pilot licences, ratings (except for for the rating requiring the flight review.
flight examiner ratings) and endorsements
(except flight examiner endorsements) while Requirements for the granting of a
employed by a Part 141 or Part 142 operator simulator instructor rating (61.1210)
who operates an approved flight simulation
training device (FSTD). To be granted a simulator instructor rating
you must:
Instruction in an approved FSTD differs greatly
from flight instruction in an aircraft. The › hold a CPL or ATPL (or a certificate of validation
operating environment is closed to outside of an overseas flight crew licence equivalent of
influences so the hazards and risks normally a CPL or an ATPL)
prevalent in flight are not there. › meet the requirements for the grant of at least
As a simulator instructor, you have the option one training endorsement (see section 11.5 of
of pausing a session if the flight is not going to this guide)
plan or the trainee needs revision of a sequence › have passed:
or debrief on their performance. Knowing when
and how to manage this option is an important » an approved course of training in principles
part of simulator instructor training, as is an and methods of instruction, or hold either:
in-depth knowledge of the simulator’s capabilities – a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment
and functions.
– a tertiary qualification in teaching
From a trainee perspective, the environment and
the challenges of flying a particular sequence » the associated simulator instructor
may overshadow this closed environment and aeronautical knowledge examination
the trainee may respond as if the situation was
» the simulator instructor flight test
real. Sophisticated simulators used by large
aircraft carriers are designed to produce this › have completed instructor flight training.
effect. As the instructor, you must manage the
Note: The flight test must be conducted in
device and stage the prescribed scenario for the
an approved flight simulation training device
training session, ensuring the created operating
(FSTD).
environment is as realistic as the device permits.
In many instances, you will be managing the
session from an operator console separate
from the cockpit environment. This also can
bring challenges that proper training and
understanding of the simulator’s characteristics
should overcome.

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Privileges of a simulator instructor › conduct flight reviews required for ratings

rating (61.1190) on a pilot licence (other than a cruise
relief flight engineer type rating and flight
As a simulator instructor you are authorised to: examiner ratings)
› conduct flight training in an approved flight › approve a person to transmit on an aviation
simulator training device (FSTD) for: safety radio frequency
» pilot licences › to assess the standard of knowledge of a
» ratings on pilot licences (other than a cruise person for a pilot licence or rating in any items
relief flight engineer type rating and flight in their knowledge deficiency report.
examiner ratings)
General limitations on exercising
» endorsements on pilot licences (other than
flight examiner endorsements)
simulator instructor rating
privileges (61.1195)
› grant an endorsement to the holder of a pilot
licence other than: Once you pass the flight test in an approved
device representing the specific aircraft
» flight examiner endorsement category (in the case of this guide, an
» the following training endorsements: aeroplane), you can exercise the rating’s
privileges in a corresponding flight simulation
– grade 3, 2 and 1 training endorsement training device (FSTD).
– multi-crew training endorsement To conduct flight training for a pilot licence,
– type and class specific training rating or endorsement on an operational
endorsements rating, you must also be engaged as a
simulator instructor by a Part 141 or Part 142
– instruments and NVFR training operator authorised to conduct that training.
endorsements
To conduct training for the grant of a training
– low-level rating and aerial application endorsement for an operational rating or a
rating training endorsements flight activity, you must have at least 50 hours
– instructor rating training endorsement of flight training in the activity and an instructor
training endorsement. This ensures the
– multi-engine aeroplane class instructor training you deliver is credible and has some
training endorsement basis in practical experience.
» recreational pilot licence (RPL) endorsements
Endorsement requirements of
» endorsements that require a flight test
a simulator instructor rating
› conduct: (61.1200 and 61.1235)
» training in multi-crew cooperation You may conduct the training in table 44 only
» differences training for variant of type rating if you hold the endorsement and meet all
applicable requirements.
» training to meet the competencies of
regulation 61.385 being:
– operating the aircraft’s navigation and
operating systems
– conducting all normal, abnormal and
emergency flight procedures for the
aircraft
– applying operating limitations
– weight and balance requirements
– applying aircraft performance data,
including take-off and landing performance
data, for the aircraft

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Table 44: Endorsement requirements of a simulator instructor rating

Simulator instructor authorised to conduct Minimum endorsement requirements

Notes and/or conditions
Training for licences and aircraft rating
assess a knowledge deficiency report for the grant of grade 2 training endorsement
a pilot licence or rating (aeroplane)
an MPL or ATPL multi-crew pilot training endorsement
multi-crew cooperation
differences training for variants of the specified type rating training endorsement
aircraft type (aeroplane)
aircraft class rating for the specified class class rating training endorsement
(aeroplane)
design feature endorsement that the holder holds design feature training endorsement
Training for operational ratings and endorsements
instrument rating, private instrument rating, instrument rating training endorsement
instrument endorsement or private instrument (aeroplane)
endorsement in an aircraft of the specified category
(aeroplanes)
basic instrument flight training for an aircraft of the instrument rating training endorsement
specified category (aeroplanes) (aeroplane) or
NVFR rating training endorsement
(aeroplane)
NVFR rating or NVFR endorsement in an aircraft of the NVFR rating training endorsement
specified category (aeroplanes) (category specific)
low-level rating in an aircraft of the specified category low-level rating training endorsement
(aeroplanes) (aeroplane)
a low-level endorsement
aerial application rating (day) in an aircraft of the aerial application rating (day) training
specified category (aeroplanes) endorsement
aerial application endorsement, other than a (aeroplane)
firefighting operation, below 500 ft AGL by day
aerial application rating (night) in an aircraft of the aerial application rating (night) training
specified category (aeroplanes) endorsement
(aeroplane)
flight instructor rating, simulator instructor rating or instructor rating training endorsement
training endorsement in an aircraft of the specified (aeroplane)
category (aeroplanes)
class rating (multi-engine aeroplane) training multi-engine aeroplane class rating instructor
endorsement training endorsement

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Simulator instructor authorised to conduct Minimum endorsement requirements

Notes and/or conditions
Training for a flight activity
spinning flight activity endorsement spinning training endorsement
aerobatics including: aerobatics training endorsement
› aerobatics flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (1,500) flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (1,000) flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (500) flight activity endorsement
› aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity endorsement
formation flying (aeroplane) flight activity endorsement formation (aeroplane) training endorsement
formation aerobatics flight activity endorsement formation aerobatics training endorsement
Other authorisations
› operating the aircraft’s navigation and operating training endorsement that authorises the
systems instructor to conduct flight training in the
› conducting all normal, abnormal and emergency aircraft
flight procedures for the aircraft
› applying operating limitations
› weight and balance requirements
› applying aircraft performance data, including
take-off and landing performance data, for the
aircraft
flight review for a rating on a pilot licence › a grade 1 training endorsement or
› a grade 2 training endorsement and
› the training endorsement required to
conduct flight training for the rating.

Note: Qualification standards apply to FSTD Note: Instrument number CASA EX42/22
used in multi-crew cooperation training. See Flight training and test (low-fidelity simulators)
section 2.5 of this guide. exemption 2022 affects the type rating of the
Note: An alternative pathway for the training following aircraft:
and flight test for an aerial mustering › Swearingen SA226/227
endorsement is available. See section 7.7 of this
guide. › Embraer EMB120.
Note: If you meet the conditions of an eligible If you are an instructor for an affected type
person (Instrument number CASA 59/21 – rating you are exempt from the requirements
Part 4), you can conduct flight training for the of regulation 61.1215. Before undertaking
grant of: applicant’s training you must make yourself aware
of the content of this legislative instrument.
› a low-level rating
› a low-level endorsement (aeroplane) Simulator instructor proficiency
› an aerial mustering endorsement (aeroplane). check (61.1205)
See section 7.8 of this guide. You require a valid proficiency check to exercise
the privileges of your simulator instructor rating.
There are a number of alternatives to holding a
valid instructor proficiency check.

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Your proficiency check is valid as shown in table 45.

Table 45: Requirements for a simulator proficiency check

Activity Time Period

pass the flight test for the rating date of passing the proficiency check until the
14th month after the month of passing the
endorsement test flight. For example, if you conduct
the test on 17 March 2024, your instrument
proficiency check is valid until 30 April 2025
pass a fight test for a training endorsement date of passing the proficiency check until the
that was taken more than 6 months from the 24th month after the month of passing the
date of the rating flight test endorsement test flight. For example, if you conduct
the test on 17 March 2024, your instrument
proficiency check is valid until 30 April 2026
pass an operator proficiency check that: date of passing the proficiency check until the
› covers operations under the rating 24th month after the month of passing the
endorsement test flight. For example, if you conduct
› conducted by a flight examiner who holds the test on 17 March 2024, your instrument
a flight instructor test endorsement proficiency check is valid until 30 April 2026
Note: Your instructor proficiency check is only valid
for operations with that specific operator.
holder is participating in a regulation 61.040 while you are successfully participating in the
approved operator’s training and checking operator’s training and checking system
system for an operation under the rating
completes an instructor proficiency check in date of passing the proficiency check until the
an aircraft or an approved flight simulator 24th month after the month of passing the
training device and: endorsement test flight. For example, if you conduct
› is conducted by CASA, a flight examiner the test on 17 March 2024, your instrument
or holder of a 61.040 approval to conduct proficiency check is valid until 30 April 2026
the check
› the instructor proficiency check is
conducted in an approved flight simulation
training device for the proficiency check
› your licence document is endorsed by
one of the above confirming you have
completed an instructor proficiency check

If you hold an instructor proficiency check Note: You are successfully participating in an
(resulting from any of the above) you may operator’s training and checking system for an
complete an instructor proficiency check for the operation if:
rating within 3 months before the expiry of your
› you are employed by the operator
previous check. In this case, your next expiry
will be at the end of the 12th month, when your › the operator’s training and checking system
previous check expired. For example, if your covers the operation
existing instructor proficiency check expires on
› you have met the requirements under the
31 July 2025, you may undertake a flight review
system for entry into the system
in May, June or July of 2025 and your new validity
will be the 31 July 2026. › you are permitted under the system to
be assigned by the operator for duty for
the operation.

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11.14 Obligations of pilot Obligations regarding

student pilots and RPL holders
instructors (61.112, 61.113, 61.114, 61.115 and 61.1225)

Use of an approved simulator and You must only authorise a student pilot to pilot
an aircraft if:
not an aircraft (61.1215)
› you are authorised by a Part 141 or Part 142
You must ensure any training in large and
operator to conduct or supervise the flight
complex aircraft is conducted in an approved
simulator and not an aircraft. See section 2.6 of › the flight is conducted:
this guide for details of the requirements.
» under the VFR

Flight review completion » according to your approval

requirements (61.1220) › the student pilot:
Within 14 days of successfully completing a flight » has an ARN
review for the holder of a pilot licence, you must:
» is at least 15 years of age (for solo flight)
› endorse the holder’s licence document with
the following details: » does not carry passengers

» a statement to the effect that the holder has » is only flying a registered aircraft
successfully completed the flight review » meets the medical requirements detailed in
» the date the flight review was successfully section 2.7 of this guide
completed › you are satisfied that the student:
» the rating for which the flight review was » has been appropriately briefed for the flight
conducted
» is capable of conducting the flight safely
› give CASA written notice of the following:
» has been assessed by CASA or a flight
» the holder’s name and ARN examiner as meeting the English language
» that the holder has successfully completed proficiency standards in Schedule 2 of the
the flight review MOS or completed an approved course of
training in English language proficiency.
» the date the flight review was successfully
completed You must only authorise the holder of a
recreational pilot licence to pilot a recreational
» the rating for which the flight review was aircraft under the VFR at night or a
conducted non-recreational aircraft if:
» either: › you are authorised by a Part 141 or Part 142
operator to conduct or supervise the flight
– the aircraft’s nationality and registration
marks if the flight review was conducted in › the flight is conducted:
an aircraft
» under the VFR
– the identifying number for the flight
simulator stated on its flight simulator » according to your approval.
qualification certificate if the flight review A recreational aircraft is a single-engine
was conducted in an approved flight aircraft that:
simulator.
› is certificated for single-pilot operation
› has a maximum certificated take-off
weight of less than 1,500 kg
› is not rocket-powered or
turbine powered.

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To issue an RPL endorsement You may only permit a student to fly solo for
you need to complete the more than a total of 3 hours (consecutively
and cumulatively) without a dual check if they
authorising first solo flights are either:
(day, night and cross‑country)
› enrolled in an integrated training course
(61.112, 61.113, 61.114, 61.115 and 61.1225)
› undergoing training conducted by a Part 141
You must hold a grade 2 or grade 1 training
operator for a pilot licence with a rating for the
endorsement to authorise a first solo flight of
category of aircraft (aeroplane) and either:
a student.
» they hold a recreational pilot licence (RPL)
You must not approve a student to conduct
a solo flight for the first time unless you are » the operator has certified (in writing) they are
satisfied that the student has: competent to fly solo in the same category of
aircraft and they have met the competency
› completed the training required by the
standards for the grant of the RPL in that
authorising Part 141 or Part 142 operator
category of aircraft (aeroplane).
for the kind of solo flight to be undertaken
› been assessed as competent to conduct the Approvals to operate an aircraft radio
solo flight by the Part 141 or Part 142 operator.
(61.1227)
Note: A solo flight is any of the following:
You may only permit the following persons to
› a circuit training flight transmit on an aviation safety radio:
› a flight between an aerodrome and the flight › the holder a flight crew licence
training area for the aerodrome
› the holder of a flight radio endorsement (for
› a cross-country flight holders of recreational pilot licences)
› a night flight. › a student who has either:
Note: An authorising Part 141 or Part 142 » been assessed by CASA or a flight examiner
operator means the Part 141 or Part 142 as meeting the general English language
operator who authorised the instructor to proficiency standard mentioned in the MOS
approve the solo flight.
» completed an approved course of training in
English language proficiency.
Recency considerations
You may only permit a student to fly solo if they Records of activities conducted
have successfully completed a dual flight check independently of a Part 141 or
within the previous 30 days in the same type of
aircraft as the solo flight.
Part 142 operator (61.1230)
When operating independently of a Part 141 or
Part 142 operator you must:
› record a flight review or a session of flight
training for a flight crew endorsement (other
than for an operational rating) within 7 days of
the session
› retain a record of the above for at least 7 years
from the day the record was made.

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 177

chapter 12
FLIGHT EXAMINER
RATING AND ASSOCIATED
ENDORSEMENTS

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12.1 Overview flight test procedures and the performance

criteria imbedded in each item, and be up to date
This chapter details the specific requirements on regulatory, procedural and policy changes.
for obtaining a flight examiner rating, associated
A flight examiner rating requires you to
endorsements and relevant proficiency checks.
monitor, and positively influence the piloting
It also details the privileges and limitations of the
skills, experience, knowledge, behaviours and
flight examiner rating and how you may apply for
attitudes of pilots.
the rating.
CASA requires you to:
As a flight examiner you have two roles:
› maintain an exemplary standard of
› to evaluate the knowledge and skill of
professionalism, integrity and ethics
candidates to determine whether they meet
the required standard for the grant of a › exercise the privileges of the rating, complying
licence, rating, or endorsement with all applicable legislation, conditions and
directions, always being mindful of relevant
› to quality-check training, offering feedback
guidance material
to applicants and operators, thus fostering
improved safety and standards in the › assess an applicant’s skills, knowledge,
training community. behaviours and attitudes to ensure a
competent and safe pilot is produced
Under previous legislation, if you
conducted flight tests you were a › engender the attainment of continuously
delegate of CASA (you were conducting improving safety and standards in applicants
the testing activity on behalf of the and training providers
authority). The flight examiner rating › complete all relevant administrative
under Part 61 is no longer a delegate of procedures within timeframes required by
CASA as you are approved to conduct legislation and CASA policy
tests in your own right. CASA is able to
monitor flight test outcomes via the flight › report the outcomes of flight examiner
test management system and where activities in a timely manner to assist CASA
there are obvious signs of deficiencies, in monitoring the safety health of the
these can be followed up and managed. pilot community.
Further requirements are described within
As a flight examiner, you are expected to
each flight test and proficiency check chapter
maintain a high degree of proficiency in your
of the flight examiner handbook (FEH). These
own flying skills and evaluation techniques and to
requirements are mandatory.
demonstrate aviation safety at all times. You must
ensure you are up to date with the applicable

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12.2 Flight examiner The course contains 5 phases that must

be passed:
rating course 1. eLearning modules
The CASA Flight Examiner Rating Course (FERC) is
a competency-based training course. › legal and general administration
The course is designed to meet the requirements › understanding assessment
set out in the MOS. It enables applicants for a flight › assessing human factors and
examiner rating and endorsement, or regulation non-technical skills
61.040 approval, to gain the knowledge, skills and
attitudes required to exercise the privileges of the › core principles: plan
rating and flight test endorsement(s).
› core principles: conduct
The FERC provides training and assessment for
› core principles: complete
the following flight examiner endorsements:
› PPL flight test endorsement (category specific) 2. a workshop (workshop timetables are
available on the CASA website)
› CPL flight test endorsement (category specific)
› ATPL flight test endorsement (category specific) 3. practical training
› multi-engine class rating flight test
4. an interview by CASA
endorsement
› type rating flight test endorsement 5. a flight test that will be one of
(type specific) the following:
› instrument rating flight test endorsement › the observation of a real flight test
(category specific)
› the observation of a proficiency check
› night visual flight rules (VFR) rating flight test
endorsement (category specific) › a simulated flight test.

› low-level rating flight test endorsement

(category specific) Training courses are conducted by CASA, a
schedule of flight examiner courses is available
› aerial application rating flight test endorsement on the CASA website. Some operators are now
(category specific) approved to conduct their own FERC providing
another option for applicants.
› flight instructor rating flight test endorsement
(category specific). Further information regarding the
You may enrol in the FERC if you are: FERC can be found in the Flight
Examiner Handbook that is available
› a new applicant wishing to achieve a CASR on the CASA website.
Part 61 flight examiner rating for the first time.
› a flight examiner wanting an
additional endorsement.
Once you are enrolled, you will be able to
access the FERC via the AviationWorx online
learning system.

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12.3 Applying for a flight 12.4 Requirements

examiner rating and for the granting of a
associated endorsements flight examiner rating
As an applicant for a flight examiner rating you (61.1290)
must undergo training that includes the basic
To obtain a flight examiner rating, or additional
principles of assessment and relevant training
flight examiner endorsements (if you hold a flight
for the flight tests the flight examiner wishes
examiner rating) you must:
to conduct.
› hold a CPL or ATPL
The flight examiner handbook (FEH) provides
detailed guidance on the application process and › meet the requirements at least one flight test
extensive material around assessment principles endorsement
and methods, with many focused examples. The
› hold a current Class 1 medical certificate
manual also provides guidance on all flight tests
and proficiency checks. › complete CASA Form 61-FER (see section 12.3
of this guide)
When you apply for a flight examiner rating,
you must meet the requirements for the grant › complete the FERC that includes:
of at least one flight test endorsement. If you
wish to add further flight test endorsements to » the flight examiner rating test
your rating, you must meet the requirements » an interview conducted by CASA.
and experience for the flight test endorsement,
undertake a course of training and pass a flight CASA will also consider your relevant
test for the grant. aviation experience. The expected
experience levels CASA uses as a guide
To be granted a flight examiner rating, or to add to assess suitability for each flight
a flight examiner endorsement to your rating, you examiner endorsement are detailed
must meet the experience criteria and follow the in Form 61-FER. You must provide
application procedures described within CASA satisfactory documentary evidence of the
Form 61-FER. The form should be submitted in declared qualifications and experience
accordance with the instructions and you should when submitting your application.
refer to the submission checklist to ensure the
application is complete. This form is available on
the CASA website.
You must meet qualification and experience
criteria and after completing the training, pass a
flight test and be interviewed by CASA.

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12.5 Privileges of flight 12.6 Limitations on flight

examiner ratings examiner ratings
(61.1255) (61.1265 and 61.1285)
Your flight examiner rating provides you with You may exercise the privileges of your flight
the privileges to conduct flight tests for licences, examiner rating once you have:
aircraft category ratings and operational ratings
› completed the required FERC (see section 12.2
and their respective endorsements. You may
of this guide)
grant all qualifications except the grant of a
licence and the associated category rating and › passed the flight test for the rating in an
flight examiner ratings. You also hold the privilege aircraft of the required category.
to revalidate operational ratings (other than flight
To conduct a flight test of any kind, you must:
examiner ratings) requiring proficiency checks.
Your flight examiner privileges are endorsements › hold a current applicable medical certificate
on your licence. › hold the rating or endorsement of the same
All flight test endorsements, other than the ATPL kind or an approval under regulation 61.040
flight test endorsement, require you to hold the › notify CASA at least 24 hours before the flight
relevant training endorsement. The ATPL flight test via the Flight Test Management System
test endorsement requires you to hold an ATPL
and an instrument rating flight test endorsement. › meet the proficiency and professional
development requirements outlined below
As a flight examiner, you are authorised to: in section 12.12 of this guide
› conduct flight tests for: › satisfy the fatigue risk management
requirements laid out in CAO 48.1
» pilot licences
› log the flight time of the test (see the FEH for
» ratings on pilot licences (other than cruise
more details)
relief flight engineer type ratings)
› conduct an English language
» endorsements on pilot licences
proficiency assessment.
» grant holders of pilot licences:
» ratings, other than flight examiner ratings
and cruise relief flight engineer type ratings
» endorsements, other than flight test
endorsements
› conduct proficiency checks for:
» instrument proficiency checks
» aerial application proficiency checks
» instructor proficiency checks
» operator proficiency checks
› conduct English language
proficiency assessments.

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12.7 Endorsement To hold the required endorsements listed in the

tables to undertake a flight test, proficiency check
requirements for a flight or assessment you must hold:

examiner › a flight examiner rating

(61.1265, 61.1310 61.1315, 61.1318 › the licences and endorsements detailed in the
and 61.1320) tables as ‘other requirements’.

Before conducting any flight test, proficiency

check or assessment you must meet the
requirements for the relevant flight examiner
endorsements listed in table 46, 47 and 48 of
this guide.

Table 46: Endorsement requirements to conduct a flight test

The flight test I wish to undertake Endorsement required Other requirements

recreational pilot licence (RPL) private pilot licence flight test grade 1 training
(aeroplane) endorsement (category specific endorsement
– aeroplane)
private pilot licence (PPL) (aeroplane)
specified aircraft category (aeroplane)
on an RPL
specified aircraft category (aeroplane)
on a PPL
single engine aeroplane class rating
commercial pilot licence (CPL) aeroplane commercial pilot licence flight grade 1 training
test endorsement (category endorsement
specified aircraft category (aeroplane)
specific – aeroplane)
on a CPL
Note: you may also undertake
all flight tests mentioned
above for a private pilot
licence flight test endorsement
multi-crew pilot licence (MPL) air transport pilot licence flight both:
(aeroplane) test endorsement (category › an air transport pilot
specific – aeroplane) licence (aeroplane
air transport pilot licence (ATPL)
(aeroplane) category rating)
multi-engine aeroplane class rating (if › instrument rating flight
the aeroplane category is specified) test endorsement
instrument rating (aeroplane)
a specified aircraft category rating on an
ATPL
multi-engine aeroplane class rating multi-engine aeroplane class multi-engine aeroplane
rating flight test endorsement training endorsement
pilot type rating (in an aircraft of a type rating flight test type rating training
specified type) endorsement (type specific) endorsement for the
specified aircraft type
cruise relief copilot type rating (in an
aircraft of a specified type)

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The flight test I wish to undertake Endorsement required Other requirements

instrument rating (aeroplane) instrument rating flight test instrument rating
endorsement (category specific training endorsement
private instrument rating (aeroplane)
– aeroplane) (aeroplane)
instrument endorsement (aeroplane)
private instrument endorsement
(aeroplane)
night VFR rating (aeroplane) night VFR flight test night VFR rating training
endorsement (category specific endorsement (aeroplane)
night VFR endorsement (aeroplane)
– aeroplane)
low-level rating (aeroplane) low-level rating flight test low-level training
endorsement (category specific endorsement (aeroplane)
low-level endorsement (aeroplane)
– aeroplane)
Note: see alternative
immediately below in this table
aerial application rating (aeroplane) aerial application rating flight aerial application (day)
test endorsement (category training endorsement
aerial application endorsement
specific – aeroplane) (aeroplane)
(aeroplane)
low-level rating (aeroplane)
low-level endorsement (aeroplane)
flight instructor rating (aeroplane) flight instructor rating flight test grade 1 training
approval (category specific – endorsement (aeroplane)
simulator instructor rating (aeroplane)
aeroplane)
training endorsement (aeroplane

Note: Instrument number CASA EX42/22 To undertake any flight test detailed in table 46
Flight training and test (low-fidelity simulators) in an aircraft, the flight test for your examiner’s
exemption 2022 affects the type rating of the flight test endorsement must have been
following aircraft: conducted in an aircraft.
› Swearingen SA226/227 Note: Before being issued any required
endorsement from table 46 you must have:
› Embraer EMB120.
› completed a course of training for the
If you are a flight examiner for an affected type endorsement that:
rating you are exempt from the requirements
of subregulation 61.245(2), parts of regulation » is conducted by CASA or the holder of
61.1295 and paragraph 61.1300(4)(b)(ii). Before an approval under regulation 61.040 to
undertaking the type rating flight test, you must conduct the course
make yourself aware of the content of this » includes the content detailed in the MOS
legislative instrument.
› passed the flight test detailed in the MOS for
the grant of the endorsement.

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Table 47: Endorsement requirements to conduct a proficiency check

The proficiency check I wish Endorsement required Other requirements

to undertake
instrument proficiency check instrument rating flight test instrument rating training
(specified category – aeroplane) endorsement (category endorsement (aeroplane)
specific – aeroplane)
aerial application proficiency aerial application rating flight aerial application (day) training
check (specified category – test endorsement (category endorsement (aeroplane)
aeroplane) specific – aeroplane)
instructor proficiency check flight instructor rating flight grade 1 training endorsement
(aeroplane) test approval (category specific (aeroplane)
– aeroplane)

Note: Before being issued any required

endorsement from table 47 you must have:
› completed a course of training for the
endorsement that:
» is conducted by CASA or the holder of
an approval under regulation 61.040 to
conduct the course
» includes the content detailed in the MOS
› passed the flight test detailed in the MOS for
the grant of the endorsement.

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Table 48: Endorsement requirements to conduct an assessment

The assessment I wish to Endorsement Other requirements

undertake required
level 6 aviation English English language any one of the following:
language proficiency assessment › PPL flight test endorsement
assessment endorsement
› CPL flight test endorsement
general English language
proficiency assessment › pilot type rating flight test endorsement

Note: Before being issued an English language

assessment endorsement you must have: 12.8 Obligations of a
› completed training in the assessment of flight examiner
aviation English language proficiency (AELP) to The Flight Crew Licensing Manual (FCLM)
the ICAO standards conducted by either: provides detailed guidance on the administrative
» CASA procedures flight examiners must follow to grant
ratings, endorsements and record proficiency
» the holder of an approval under regulation checks and flight reviews.
61.040 to conduct the training
› been assessed by CASA or the approval Undertaking a flight test (61.1295)
holder as competent to AELP to the ICAO
You may only undertake a flight test for
standards
an applicant for a pilot licence, rating or
› successfully completed an interview endorsement on a pilot licence if:
conducted by either:
› you are nominated to conduct the flight test
» CASA by the applicant’s training provider or CASA
» the holder of an approval under regulation › you notify CASA of your intention to conduct
61.040 to conduct the interview. the flight test at least 24 hours before the test
Note: You successfully complete the required › you conduct the flight test in accordance
interview if you satisfy CASA or the approval with the standards details in the MOS
holder that you understand the standards for
› you assess the applicant against the
assessment of the AELP.
competency requirements of the MOS
for the flight test
› you advise the applicant’s training organisation
of the results of the flight test including the
reasons for any failure in an element
› you complete a report (on the approved form)
setting out the results of the flight test within
14 days of completing the flight test
› you give a copy of the completed report to the
applicant, the relevant part 141 or Part 142
operator and CASA.

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Commencing a flight test (61.1300) If you are the holder of a fight examiner rating
and conduct a relevant proficiency check you
As a fight examiner, you may only commence must within 14 days of a successful check:
a flight test if you are satisfied the following
conditions are met: › endorse the holder’s licence with:
› the applicant: » a statement that they have successfully
passed the proficiency check
» is at least the minimum required age for the
issue of a licence » the date the check was completed
» has passed the applicable aeronautical » the rating for which the check was conducted
knowledge examination » the relevant category, class or type of aircraft
» has met the flight training requirements (if applicable)
» has the applicable aeronautical experience › give CASA written notice of:
› has a current AELP assessment (applies to a » the holder’s name and ARN
PPL, CPL, ATPL or MPL applicant) » that the holder successfully completed the
› has a current Class 1 or 2 medical certificate, proficiency check
a Class 5 medical self-declaration (if applicable) » the date the check was completed
or a medical exemption or in the case of
an RPL they may also hold a recreational » the rating for which the check was conducted
aviation medical practitioner’s certificate.
» the relevant category, class or type of aircraft
See section 2.7 of this guide.
(if applicable)

Conducting a proficiency check » the nationality and registration of the aircraft

if the check was conducted in an aircraft
(61.1305)
» the identifying number for the flight
This section applies to conducting a relevant
simulator if the check was conducted in a
proficiency check as the holder of a flight
flight simulator.
examiner rating.
You, as the flight examiner, must notify CASA of
Note: A relevant proficiency check is any of the
a proposed proficiency check at least 24 hours
following:
prior to the conduct of the proficiency check.
› an aerial application proficiency check However, for practical reasons there may be
circumstances that CASA will grant you an
› an instructor proficiency check
approval such that you do not need to provide
› an instrument proficiency check. CASA with 24 hours’ notice of a proficiency
check e.g. due to their geographical location or
communication availability.

12.9 Pilot in command

during a flight test
When you are occupying a control seat during a
flight test, you are PIC of the flight.

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12.10 Occupying a flight 12.11 Recency

control seat requirements
(Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew (61.1275)
Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
You must meet the recency requirements
Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
applicable to the type of flight test you are
When you are using the privileges of your flight conducting. For example:
examiner rating, you must occupy a flight control
› If you are conducting a flight test or
seat in the following activities:
proficiency check for an instrument rating,
› a proficiency check, in an aircraft that is not you must meet the recency requirements
a single-place aircraft, unless each flight crew to conduct the flight under the IFR.
member occupying a flight control seat is
› If you are conducting a flight test for a pilot
authorised to pilot the aircraft
licence if you meet the recency requirements
› any activity where you are or are required to of the licence for which the flight test
be the PIC is conducted.
› any activity that a flight control seat is › If you are conducting a flight test for an
available for you to occupy. endorsement on a pilot licence if you meet
the recency requirements of the rating to
Note: You are not required to occupy a
which the endorsement relates.
flight control seat whilst using the remaining
privileges of your licence in section 12.5 of this You must meet these requirements at the time
guide unless the above applies. of the flight test.
If you are conducting an activity in a flight
simulation training device and you are not
occupying a control seat you must:
12.12 Proficiency and
› be located at a place that enables you to professional development
observe all demonstrations by each flight
crew member occupying a flight control seat
requirements
You must undertake a proficiency check and
› be able to monitor each flight crew member’s participate in a professional development
use of radiocommunication systems program (PDP) every 2 years. The purpose of
› maintain 2-way communications with the recurrent proficiency checks and the PDP is to
flight crew members verify that a uniform standard continues to be
applied by flight examiners in the application of
› not manipulate any aircraft control or system performance standards and the evaluation of a
accessible from a flight control seat. candidate’s skills during flight tests.
You are only permitted to conduct a flight
examiner activity for a flight in a single-place
aircraft if:
› the activity is an aerial application
proficiency check
› you are located at a place where you can
observe all the required demonstrations
by the pilot of the aircraft.

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Flight examiner rating proficiency will be at the discretion of CASA, or the approved
check requirements (61.1285) person conducting the proficiency check. The one
proficiency check will cover all licence and rating
You are required to undertake an examiner flight test endorsements you hold, including those
proficiency check every 2 years. not actually reviewed during the check.
The proficiency check may be conducted in an There are a number of alternatives to holding a
aircraft or in an appropriate flight simulation valid flight examiner proficiency check.
training device. If you are authorised to conduct
flight tests for more than one licence or rating, Your proficiency check is valid as shown in
the authorisations to be included in your check table 49.

Table 49: Flight examiner proficiency checks

Activity Time Period

pass the flight test for the rating date of passing the endorsement test flight until the
24th month after the month of passing the endorsement
test flight. For example, if you conduct the test on 17
March 2024, your instrument proficiency check is valid until
30 April 2026
pass a fight test for a flight examiner date of passing the endorsement test flight until the
endorsement and the flight test was 24th month after the month of passing the endorsement
taken more than 6 months from the test flight. For example, if you conduct the test on 17
date of the rating flight test March 2024, your instrument proficiency check is valid until
the 30 April 2026
complete an examiner proficiency date of passing the endorsement test flight until the
check in an aircraft or an approved 24th month after the month of passing the endorsement
flight simulator training device and: test flight. For example, if you conduct the test on
› it is conducted by CASA, a flight 17 March 2024, your instrument proficiency check
examiner or holder of a 61.040 is valid until the 30 April 2026
approval to conduct the check
› your logbook is endorsed by one of
the above that you have completed
an instructor proficiency check

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If you hold an instructor proficiency check Professional development

(resulting from any of the above) you may requirements (61.1270)
complete an instructor proficiency check for the
rating within 3 months before the expiry of your You must participate in a professional
previous check. For example, if your existing development program (PDP) every 2 years.
an instructor proficiency check expires on The PDP must be either:
31 July 2025, you may undertake a flight review
in May, June or July of 2025. › conducted by CASA
If you fail an instructor proficiency check, you no › an approved course conducted by the holder
longer hold a valid instructor proficiency check. of an approval under regulation 61.040.

Flight review and subject matter

proficiency check requirements
(61.1280)
You must also meet the requirements of table 50
specific to the flight test you wish to conduct.

Table 50: Flight review and subject matter proficiency check requirements

The flight test I wish to undertake Flight review and subject matter proficiency
check requirements
multi-crew pilot licence (aeroplane) valid instrument proficiency check (aeroplane)
air transport pilot licence (aeroplane) valid instrument proficiency check (aeroplane)
instrument rating (aeroplane) valid instrument proficiency check (aeroplane)
aerial application rating (aeroplane) valid aerial application proficiency check (aeroplane)
instructor rating (aeroplane) valid instructor proficiency check (aeroplane)
any other rating (aeroplane) valid flight review for the rating (aeroplane)
instrument endorsement (aeroplane) valid instrument proficiency check (aeroplane)
aerial application endorsement (aeroplane) valid aerial application proficiency check (aeroplane)
training endorsement (aeroplane) valid instructor proficiency check (aeroplane)
any other endorsement (aeroplane) valid flight review for the rating to which the
endorsement relates (aeroplane)

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chapter 13
TRANSITIONING A PART 5
OF CAR LICENCE

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192 | Chapter 13 Transitioning a Part 5 of CAR licence

13.1 Overview If your old authorisation was suspended and

would have continued to be suspended if it had
This chapter details the specific requirements for remained in force, the new authorisation will also
holders of a Part 5 of CAR licence. be suspended until the time of suspension the
old authorisation would have ended.
You can no longer exercise the privileges of your
Part 5 of CAR licence. If you hold a CAR 5 licence, If your old authorisation was subject to a
it will need to be transitioned to a Part 61 licence. condition, the new authorisation must be granted
with an equivalent condition.
Transition to a Part 61 licence includes your
licences, ratings, endorsements, authorisations,
approvals and delegations issued under:
13.3 Transition
› Part 5 of CAR
requirements
› a CAO made under Part 5 of CAR
In order to transition your licence, you will need
› CAO 29.10 Air service operations – aircraft to complete the Recognition and Transfer CAR
engaged in aerial stock mustering operations – Part 5 Qualifications form (Form 61–9TX).
low-level flying operations.
If you are seeking to add additional permissions
to your licence, you will need to provide
13.2 Grant of a new evidence to support your request. You must
provide certified copies of documents as part of
authorisation based on an your application.

old authorisation Each section of the form provides guidance

on the evidence to be provided. For more
(202.272 and 202.274) information on certified copies and who can
As the holder of an old authorisation, you are witness them, see the CASA website.
taken to meet the requirements for the grant of Some documents can be certified by the
an equivalent new authorisation provided you flight instructor conducting your flight review,
meet the following requirements: endorsement or the flight examiner conducting
› you held your old authorisation at time before a flight test. When certifying the documents, the
1 September 2014 following words should be used:

› your old authorisation is not the equivalent of a ‘This is a true copy of the original document, sighted
flight examiner rating by me [name], [signature], [date], [ARN]’

› your old authorisation was not surrendered or If CASA does not have a photo of you that is less
cancelled before 1 September 2018 than 10 years old, you must also submit a current
photo with CASA using the Lodgement of current
› on or after 1 September 2018 you applied for photo with CASA Form 61–9PIC.
an equivalent new authorisation under Part 61.
An ARN is required to complete this form. If you
If your old authorisation was an aircraft do not have an ARN, you can apply through the
endorsement, you will only meet the CASA portal. See section 1.19 of this guide. It is
requirements for the grant of the equivalent important to note that CASA will use the details
aircraft class or type rating if, prior to based on your ARN information for any contact
1 September 2014, your old authorisation was with you.
equivalent to a flight crew licence.

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13.4 Student pilot licence 13.5 Radio operator

(202.277C and FCLM) certificate
The recreational pilot licence (RPL) has replaced (202.301, 202.302, 202.303, 202.304
the student pilot licence (SPL) as well as the and 202.305)
general flying progress test (GFPT).
This section applies if you are the holder of an
To turn your student pilot licence plus GFPT into old authorisation (radio operator certificate) that:
an RPL, you must:
› was in force prior to 1 September 2014
› do the flight review for your aircraft rating
› continued to be in force after that date.
› go through the Part 61 transition process.
You meet the requirements for the issue of an
You can undertake the transition process (see aeronautical radio operator licence if:
section 13.3 of this guide) at any time. However,
it is recommended you undertake the transition › your old authorisation was not surrendered or
after your flight review is successfully completed. cancelled prior to 1 September 2018

Changes under the RPL from a student pilot › you have applied to CASA for the granting of
licence include: an aeronautical radio operator licence after
1 September 2018.
› making decisions about your own flights –
for example, flight planning, go and no-go Your old authorisation continues to remain in
decisions, and fuel planning force as an aeronautical radio operator certificate
until its original cessation time.
› ensuring your aircraft is airworthy prior to flight
If your old authorisation was suspended prior
› reporting airworthiness and safety issues to 1 September 2014, and the suspension time
and occurrences. ends before the expiry of the authorisation, the
If you already hold a flight radiotelephone old authorisation comes back into force as if it
operator licence, you will be granted the flight were an aeronautical radio operator certificate.
radio endorsement under your new RPL licence. If your old authorisation was subject to any
If you held a student pilot licence before conditions that remain in force, your aeronautical
1 September 2014 and had not passed the radio operator certificate will be granted subject
GFPT before that date, you are taken to have to those same conditions.
been assessed as meeting the general English Any action commenced prior to 1 September 2014,
proficiency standard. to vary, suspend or cancel your old authorisation,
is still the same action applicable to your
new authorisation.
Should you have made an application for an
old authorisation (prior to 1 September 2014)
and the application had not been finalised, the
application is considered an application for the
grant of an equivalent new authorisation.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

13.6 Approval to taxi an Any action commenced prior to 1 September 2014,

to vary, suspend or cancel your old authorisation
aircraft is still the same action applicable to your certificate
of competency.
(202.308, 202.309, 202.310, 202.304
and 202.305)
This section applies if you are the holder of an 13.7 Aircraft class and
old authorisation to taxi an aircraft that: type ratings
› was in force prior to 1 September 2014 (FCLM 4.1)
› continued to be in force after that date. Qualifications issued under CAR Part 5 were
Your continued authorisation, in the form of a on the basis of specific aircraft endorsements,
certificate of competency, will remain in force for example, B737 300–900, Beechcraft Baron
until the cessation time of your old authorisation. or a group of aircraft under the one class
endorsement, such as ‘single engine aircraft
If your old authorisation was suspended prior under 5700kg’.
to 1 September 2014, and the suspension time
ends before the expiry of the authorisation, the Under Part 61 qualifications are now issued
old authorisation comes back into force as if it on the basis of class and type ratings for each
were a certificate of competency. aircraft category. Table 51 shows a comparison
between the two sets of regulations regarding
aircraft qualifications.

Table 51: Examples of aircraft type and class ratings

Example aircraft CAR Part 5 CASR Part 61

Cessna 172 / Piper PA28 both aircraft were included in both aircraft are now included in the
the ‘single engine aircraft not ‘single engine aeroplane class rating’
exceeding 5,700 kg maximum
take-off weight’ endorsement
Beechcraft duchess (BE76) / separate BE76 endorsement / both aircraft included in the ‘multi-
piper Seminole (PA44) separate PA44 endorsement engine aeroplane class rating’
Boeing 737 300–900 Boeing 737 300–900 Boeing 737 300–900 type rating
endorsement

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CASR Part 61 includes Part 61 Flight Crew

Licensing (Prescribed Aircraft and Type Ratings)
which specifies aircraft covered by type ratings.
This also includes other aircraft which are
covered by an aeroplane class rating but because
of their complexity or handling characteristics are
subject to training and flight review conditions.

13.8 Flight activity

endorsements
If you hold one of the following flight activity
endorsements, you will need to supply additional Civil Aviation Safety Authority
documentation to support the transition to a
Part 61 licence:
› aerobatics
› aerobatics (500 ft AGL lower limit) 13.9 Design feature
› aerobatics (1,000 ft AGL lower limit) endorsements
› aerobatics (1,500 ft AGL lower limit) If you hold one of the following design feature
› aerobatics (unlimited) endorsements, you will need to supply additional
documentation to support the transition to a
› formation (aeroplane) Part 61 licence:
› formation (helicopter) › tailwheel undercarriage
› spinning. › pressurisation system
The following documents are required › retractable undercarriage
as appropriate:
› floatplane
› certified copies of your logbook pages showing
entries made for the purpose of recording the › manual propeller pitch control
training completed for the relevant flight activity › floating hull
› certified copies of your logbook pages with › gas turbine engine
entries made for the purpose of recording the
conduct of the relevant flight activity as pilot in › ski landing gear
command
› multi-engine centreline thrust
› certified copies of your logbook page showing
› float alighting gear.
the stamp/entry for a flight activity made under
CAR Part 5 which is the equivalent of the flight The following documents are required
activity endorsement applied for under CASR as appropriate:
Part 61
› certified copies of your logbook pages showing
› certified copies of any instrument issued to you entries for an aircraft flown that has the design
by CASA authorising the conduct of the flight features applied for
activity (current or expired).
› certified copies of training records for an
For more information on flight activity aircraft with design features applied for.
endorsements, See chapter 9 of this guide.
For more information on design feature
endorsements see chapter 6 of this guide.

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13.10 Operational ratings Some endorsements for your flight instructor

rating will also transfer automatically, however
(FCLM 10.2) additional action will be required for specific
training endorsements.
The following operational ratings will be
transferred automatically onto your Part 61 The CASR Part 61 aerial application rating
licence with the appropriate endorsements: (replacing the CAR Part 5 aerial agricultural rating)
now includes firefighting as an endorsement
› instrument rating
on the rating. You will need to submit form
› private instrument rating 61–2FF Transition of pilots authorised to conduct
firefighting operations.
› night VFR rating
Table 52 identifies the ratings that exist under
› flight examiner rating Part 5 of CARand their equivalent CASR Part 61
› simulator instructor rating rating or new Part 61 rating.
› aerial application rating.

Table 52: Operational ratings

CAR Part 5 qualification CASR Part 61 rating Comments

command instrument rating instrument rating
private instrument flight rating private instrument rating
night VFR rating night VFR rating
flight instructor rating flight instructor rating
simulator instructor rating new qualification
approved testing office flight examiner rating new qualification
grade of agricultural rating aerial application rating new qualification
low-level approvals low-level rating new qualification

Low-level rating: category At this time, aerial mustering (aeroplane) is the

endorsements only applicable endorsement.

Low-level ratings are a new rating introduced The following documents are required
under CASR Part 61. as appropriate:

Low-level activities such as stock mustering, › certified copies of your logbook pages
power-line inspection, fish spotting etc., can be showing entries evidencing conduct of the
conducted under the authority of an instrument operations relating to the endorsement you
issued directly to an individual or indirectly wish to apply for
under an operator’s approval. If you can provide › a certified copy of any instrument issued
evidence of the conduct of these activities, directly to you
you may be eligible for issue of a low-level
rating, with a category endorsement and/or › a certified copy of an operator approval and
additional endorsement(s), depending on the any further evidence that you have that deems
evidence provided. you competent and authorises you, under that
approval, to conduct the operation.

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Flight instructor rating For type rating training endorsements to

be transferred to your CASR Part 61 licence,
If you are currently a qualified instructor under you will need to have held a CAR 5.21 approval.
Part 5 of CAR, you will automatically transition
with the same grade under CASR Part 61. The following documents are required
as appropriate:
Any additional Part 61 endorsements that reflect
the privileges existing under Part 5 of CAR › certified copies of your logbook page showing
relevant to each grade of your instructor rating the stamp/entry made by an approved person
will be automatically issued under CASR Part 61. giving the privilege to conduct training for that
For example, a grade 1 instructor will receive endorsement e.g. aerobatics
instrument rating training and instructor rating › certified copies of you’re your logbook
training endorsements as these are privileges pages showing entries evidencing conduct
that exist under Part 5 of CAR. of the operations relating to the training
You will need to apply for any endorsements that endorsement applied for
are not transferred automatically to preserve the › any other documentary evidence supporting
full range of privileges you currently hold under your application for the training endorsement.
Part 5 of CAR.
For more information on flight instructor ratings,
see chapter 11 of this guide.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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chapter 14
CONVERTING A HELICOPTER
CATEGORY LICENCE TO AN
AEROPLANE CATEGORY
LICENCE

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14.1 Overview Table 53 only indicates the additional specific

requirements that you may not already meet.
This chapter details the specific requirements For example, the table does not include hours
for holders of an Australian helicopter pilot of aeronautical experience when these are
licence wishing to obtain an Australian aeroplane automatically accounted for as part of your
category licence. current licence.
It is important to note that for aeronautical
14.2 Knowledge and experience to be considered it may need be
flown in specific aircraft categories.
experience requirements The hours detailed for conversion to a PPL(A) and
(CASR 61.475 and FCLM 5.2, 6.4, 7.2, CPL(A) are those pertaining to a non-integrated
8.2 and 8.3) training program.
Table 53 shows the differences between the
requirements for licences already held in the
helicopter category of aircraft, compared to an
aeroplane category licence.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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Table 53: Conversion requirements

Licence that you Licence that you What you need to do (in addition to what you
already hold wish to obtain have already done)
Recreational pilot Recreational pilot › pass the RPL(A) or PPL(A) basic aeronautical
licence (RPL(H)) licence (RPL(A)) knowledge exam (BAKA) for aeroplanes
› pass the RPL(A) flight test
› have at least 25 hours flight time in aeroplanes,
which includes at least:
» 20 hours dual
» 5 hours solo
Note: Simulator time does not count
Private pilot licence Recreational pilot › pass the RPL(A) or PPL(A) basic aeronautical
(PPL(H)) licence (PPL(A)) knowledge exam (BAKA) aeroplanes
› have at least 25 hours flight time in aeroplanes,
which includes at least:
» 20 hours dual
» 5 hours solo.
» pass the RPL(A) flight test
Note: Simulator time does not count
Private pilot licence › pass either the aeroplane category-specific
(PPL(A)) PPL(A) exam or all seven CPL exams, including the
4 aeroplane category-specific CPL exams
› have aeronautical experience that includes at least:
» 35 hours of flight time as a pilot including 20 hours
of flight time as a pilot of an aeroplane
» 10 hours of solo flight time in an aeroplane
» 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in an
aeroplane
» 2 hours of dual instrument flight time including
1 hour of dual instrument flight time in an aeroplane
› pass the aeroplane category PPL flight test
Commercial pilot › pass the 7 aeroplane category-specific CPL exams
licence (CPL(A)) within 2 years (one window)
› have aeronautical experience that includes at least:
» 200 hours of aeronautical experience of which
10 hours can be in a flight simulator
» 190 hours of flight time as a pilot
» 80 hours of flight time as PIC
» 20 hours of solo cross-country flight time as PIC of
an aeroplane including one flight of 300 nm with a
full-stop landing at 2 aerodromes outside the flight
training area
» 10 hours of dual instrument time of which 5 hours
must be in an aeroplane
› pass the aeroplane category CPL flight test

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Licence that you Licence that you What you need to do (in addition to what you
already hold wish to obtain have already done)
Commercial pilot Recreational pilot › pass the RPL(A) or PPL(A) basic aeronautical
licence (CPL(H)) licence (PPL(A)) knowledge exam (BAKA) aeroplanes
› have at least 25 hours flight time in aeroplanes, which
includes at least:
» 20 hours dual
» 5 hours solo.
› pass the RPL(A) flight test
Note: Simulator time does not count
Private pilot licence › pass either the aeroplane category-specific
(PPL(A)) PPL(A) exam or all seven CPL exams, including the
4 aeroplane category-specific CPL exams
› have aeronautical experience that includes at least:
» 35 hours of flight time as a pilot including 20 hours
of flight time as a pilot of an aeroplane
» 10 hours of solo flight time in an aeroplane
» 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in an
aeroplane
» 2 hours of dual instrument flight time including
1 hour of dual instrument flight time in an aeroplane
› pass the aeroplane category PPL flight test
Commercial pilot › pass the 4 aeroplane category-specific CPL exams
licence (CPL(A)) within 2 years (one window). The required exams are:
» flight rules and air law (aeroplane) (CLWA)
» operation, performance & flight planning (aeroplane)
(CFPA)
» aircraft general knowledge (aeroplane) (CSYA)
» aerodynamics (aeroplane) (CADA)
› have aeronautical experience that includes at least:
» 200 hours of aeronautical experience of which
10 hours can be in a flight simulator
» 190 hours of flight time as a pilot
» 60 hours of flight time as PIC
» 20 hours of solo cross-country flight time as PIC of
an aeroplane including one flight of 300 nm with a
full-stop landing at 2 aerodromes outside the flight
training area
» 10 hours of dual instrument time of which 5 hours
must be in an aeroplane
› pass the aeroplane category CPL flight test

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Licence that you Licence that you What you need to do (in addition to what you
already hold wish to obtain have already done)
Air Transport Recreational pilot › pass the RPL(A) or PPL(A) basic aeronautical
licence (ATP(H)L) licence (PPL(A)) knowledge exam (BAKA) aeroplanes
› have at least 25 hours flight time in aeroplanes, which
includes at least:
» 20 hours dual
» 5 hours solo.
› pass the RPL(A) flight test
Note: Simulator time does not count
Private pilot licence › pass either the aeroplane category-specific
(PPL(A)) PPL(A) exam or all seven CPL exams, including the
4 aeroplane category-specific CPL exams
› have aeronautical experience that includes at least:
» 35 hours of flight time as a pilot including 20 hours
of flight time as a pilot of an aeroplane
» 10 hours of solo flight time in an aeroplane
» 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in an
aeroplane
» 2 hours of dual instrument flight time including
1 hour of dual instrument flight time in an aeroplane
› pass the aeroplane category PPL flight test
Commercial pilot › pass the 4 aeroplane category-specific CPL exams
licence (CPL(A)) within 2 years (one window). The required exams are:
» flight rules and air law (aeroplane) (CLWA)
» operation, performance & flight planning (aeroplane)
(CFPA)
» aircraft general knowledge (aeroplane) (CSYA)
» aerodynamics (aeroplane) (CADA)
› have aeronautical experience that includes at least:
» 200 hours of aeronautical experience of which
10 hours can be in a flight simulator
» 190 hours of flight time as a pilot
» 60 hours of flight time as PIC
» 20 hours of solo cross-country flight time as PIC of
an aeroplane including one flight of 300 nm with a
full-stop landing at 2 aerodromes outside the flight
training area
» 10 hours of dual instrument time of which 5 hours
must be in an aeroplane
› pass the aeroplane category CPL flight test

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Licence that you Licence that you What you need to do (in addition to what you
already hold wish to obtain have already done)
Air Transport Air Transport pilot › pass the 4 aeroplane category-specific ATPL exams
licence (ATP(H)L) licence (ATPL(A)) within 2 years (one window). The required exams are:
» flight planning (aeroplane) (AFPA)
» aerodynamics and aircraft systems (aeroplane)
(AASA)
» performance and loading (aeroplane) (APLA)
› pass the instrument rating exam (IREX) before you
ATPL(A) flight test
› have aeronautical experience that includes at least:
» 1500 hours of aeronautical experience
» 1400 hours as a pilot of which 750 hours is in an
aeroplane
» 500 hours as PIC or PICUS or 250 hours in an
aeroplane as PIC or PICUS of an aeroplane, of
which at least 70 hours must be as PIC
» 200 hours of cross-country flight time in an
aeroplane
» 100 hours of cross-country flight time as PIC or
PICUS of an aeroplane
» 100 hours of flight time at night as PIC or PICUS of
an aeroplane
» 75 hours of instrument flight time, of which at least
45 hours must be in an aeroplane
› pass the aeroplane category ATPL flight test
flight crew › to be resolved
endorsement

Note: ATPL subject passes are not an

equivalent pass in any CPL subject exam. 14.3 Medical requirements
Note: CASA does not recognise flight crew There are no differences between the
exam credits gained under the licensing system medical requirements for holders of the same
of a foreign aviation regulatory authority. level of pilot licence in the helicopter and
aeroplane categories.
Once you complete your theory
examinations for your change to category For a CPL(A) you must hold:
licence, contact CASA to ensure you have › a Class 1 medical to take the CPL flight test
the right theory credit awarded to you.
› a Class 1 or 2 to fly an aircraft and are limited
to a MTOW under 8,618 kgs where no
passengers are permitted on the aircraft.
For an ATPL(A) you must hold:
› a Class 1 medical to take the ATPL flight test
› a Class 1 or 2 to fly an aircraft and are limited
to a MTOW under 8,618 kgs where no
passengers are permitted on the aircraft.

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chapter 15
RECOGNITION OF PILOT
CERTIFICATES GRANTED BY
SPORT AVIATION BODIES

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15.1 Overview 15.4 Endorsements on

This chapter details how pilot certificates and pilot certificates may be
endorsements granted by sports aviation
bodies may be recognised for the issue of added to an RPL
an aeroplane recreational pilot licence or (FCLM 5.4)
associated endorsement.
The following endorsements are recognised.
They will be granted with the issue of your RPL(A)
15.2 Pilot certificates are if the endorsement has been issued by a sports
aircraft body as part of your pilot certificate:
deemed equivalent to › a recreational navigation endorsement
an RPL › controlled airspace endorsement
(CASR 61.480 and FCLM 5.3)
› controlled aerodrome endorsement
If you hold a pilot certificate granted by a sports
aviation body in the aeroplane category, you › design feature endorsement
may be granted a recreational pilot licence › a flight radio endorsement.
(aeroplane) i.e. RPL(A).
Notes: Additional requirements may apply.
To be issued:
15.3 Flight review › a recreational navigational endorsement:
requirements you must also have completed at least
5 hours of solo cross-country flight time
(CASR 61.480, FCLM 5.1 and 5.3)
› a flight radio endorsement: you must
You must successfully complete a flight review in also have approval from a sports aviation
order to exercise the privileges of the RPL(A). body to operate an aircraft radio and
have a current aviation English language
proficiency assessment.

15.5 Flight activity

endorsements on pilot
certificates may not be
added to an RPL
Flight activity endorsements (for example,
formation flying and aerobatics) are not
recognised and are therefore not transferable
from a sports aviation pilot certificate to an RPL.

15.6 Recognition of hours

flown in sports aircraft
Hours flown as ‘pilot flying’ are recognised for the
issue of both a PPL(A) and CPL(A) if your training
is undertaken in a non-integrated training
program. Aeronautical experience accumulated
in non-registered and non-recognised aircraft
Civil Aviation Safety Authority cannot contribute to the aeronautical experience
required within an integrated training program
for the issue of a PPL(A) and CPL(A). See
chapter 4 of this guide.

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chapter 16
RECOGNITION OF OVERSEAS
AUTHORISATIONS, LICENCES
AND PROFICIENCY CHECKS

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16.1 Overview All documents sent to CASA must be in English

or be accompanied by an English translation. If
This chapter details the specific requirements you are overseas, the Australian Embassy, High
for recognising foreign flight crew licences, type Commission or Consulate can help you find a
ratings, operational ratings and endorsements. translator and if in Australia, contact the National
Accreditation Authority for Translators and
Before commencing this process, you must
Interpreters (NAATI).
obtain an aviation reference number (ARN).
See section 1.19 of this guide for details of how
to obtain your ARN.
16.2 Obtaining an
There are a few ways to convert your overseas
pilot licence to an Australian licence.
Australian licence, rating
If you have an overseas licence and: or endorsement based on
› plan to fly in Australia for longer than overseas qualifications
12 months; you can apply to convert your
foreign licence to an Australian licence (see Overview (FCLM 12)
section 16.2 of this guide). This gives you the
full privileges of the applicable licence, rating CASA will not issue a flight crew licence to an
or endorsement. applicant unless the relevant requirements of
regulation 6.57 of the Aviation Transport Security
› are only here for short-term aviation work: you Regulations 2005 are met.
can apply for a Certificate of Validation (CoV)
that allows you to fly Australian-registered Regulation 6.57 refers to providing
aircraft (see section 16.3 of this guide). The suitable evidence of your identity which
CoV has the effect of an Australian flight crew is a category A document (for example,
licence, aircraft category rating and any other an Australian birth certificate or notice of
rating, with the proviso that the privileges Australian citizenship) and either:
transferred to the CoV do not exceed your
foreign qualifications. › a category B document that provides
photographic proof of your identity
› it was issued by New Zealand: you may be able (for example, an Australian driver’s
to simply verify your NZ licence or qualification licence or passport [Australian
under special rules (see chapter 17 of or foreign])
this guide).
› two category C documents (for
Under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 example, a Medicare card or private
(CASR), no person may act as flight crew of an health membership card).
Australian registered aircraft unless they hold
an appropriate civil aviation authorisation issued If you are an overseas student pilot intending to
under the CASR. The authorisation may be called fly with an instructor at all times, you do not need
a licence, certificate, or rating. to hold a CoV or any form of Australian flight
crew licence.
Overseas student pilots intending to fly with an
instructor at all times do not need to hold a CoV
or any form of Australian flight crew licence.
CASA does not recognise the qualifications
of overseas military flight crew. Overseas
military pilots must obtain a civilian flight crew
licence in their own country (or any other ICAO
country) before applying for an Australian flight
crew licence.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Recognition requirements To have your foreign licence recognised

(61.275 and FCLM 12) you must:

If you hold a foreign flight crew licence, you may › be at least the minimum age required to obtain
obtain an Australian flight crew licence with the Australian licence you are applying for
a specific category rating for an aircraft e.g., › have a valid authorisation from your country’s
aeroplane. aviation authority to operate an aircraft radio
Your foreign licence and ratings must be › meet the ICAO level 4, 5, or 6 standards for
equivalent to the Australian licence with the aviation English language proficiency, or have
same aircraft category rating. a satisfactory current assessment of your
aviation English language proficiency
› meet the requirements of table 54 for
specific licences.

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Table 54: Overseas recognition requirements

What you wish to obtain Requirements

Commercial pilot licence › written certification stating you are competent in each unit mentioned
(CPL) in Schedule 3 of the MOS for Australian licensing. This written
certification must be given by the head of operations of a Part 141
or Part 142 operator authorised to conduct flight training for the
Australian licence or rating or a person named in its operations
manual (or exposition)
› passed the appropriate flight test
Air transport pilot licence › you must pass both the flight test and the overseas conversion
(ATPL) aeronautical knowledge examinations mentioned in the MOS for
the Australian licence and aircraft category rating
Multi-crew pilot licence › you must pass both the flight test and the overseas conversion
(MPL) aeronautical knowledge examinations mentioned in the MOS for
the Australian licence and aircraft category rating
Aeroplane class rating or › you must have, or have held, an overseas rating
pilot type rating › CASA must be satisfied the overseas rating is at least equivalent
to the Australian rating
Operational rating › you must have, or have held, an overseas rating
› CASA must be satisfied the overseas rating is at least equivalent to
the Australian rating
› written certification that you are competent in each unit of
competency mentioned in the MOS for the Australian rating.
This must be given by the head of operations of a Part 141 or Part 142
operator authorised to conduct flight training for the Australian rating
or a person named in its operations manual (or exposition)
› passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the Australian rating
› satisfied CASA you have the aeronautical experience required for the
Australian rating
› passed the flight test mentioned in the MOS for the rating
Flight crew endorsement › you must have, or have held, an overseas endorsement
› satisfied CASA that the overseas endorsement is at least equivalent
to the Australian endorsement
› passed a flight test (if required for the grant of the endorsement
in Australia)

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Note: Instrument number CASA EX88/23 For a commercial pilot licence (CPL) (aeroplane),
Overseas training and assessment, and you must hold a valid foreign equivalent to the
instrument proficiency check exemption 2023, Australian CPL(A) or ATPL(A) licence before you
applies if you are an applicant for a type rating submit a flight crew licence application form. You
and do not meet the requirements for the grant then need to pass both the CPL human factors
of a pilot type rating under regulation 61.815 exam (CHUF) and CPL overseas conversion
or regulation 61.820. You may still be granted (aeroplane) exam (COSA) within one ‘window’.
the pilot type rating if you can demonstrate to The window is 2 years.
CASA you have completed training conducted
by an authorised provider, been assessed by To get a theory credit for a particular
that training provider and the training meets licence, you must pass all the
the standards applicable in the MOS. As an subject-parts in a certain amount
applicant you must refer to the legislative of time. CASA refers to this amount
instrument to determine if this exemption of time as a window.
applies to your situation.
For an air transport pilot licence (ATPL)
If you are applying for the recognition of your (aeroplane) you must pass both the ATPL
CPL, MPL or ATPL, CASA will issue you a letter human factors exam (AHUF) and ATPL overseas
stating what will be recognised from your foreign conversion (aeroplane) exam (AOSA) within one
qualifications and any other requirements (if ‘window’. The window is 2 years. You must also
applicable) you need to meet prior to the issue pass the instrument rating exam (IREX).
of the licence. Letters from CASA detailing these
requirements expire after 12 months. Verification of your foreign licence
CASA does not recognise copilot aircraft (202.278 and FCLM 12.1.6)
type ratings under Part 61. This includes, CASA must verify (with the issuing authority for
but is not limited to: the licence) that you are authorised to exercise
› second-in-command the privileges of your foreign licence. This
verification requirement includes any rating or
› first officer
endorsement attached to your licence.
› P2 on a foreign licence or verification.
Note: Verification reports are valid for
6 months from the date they were issued.
Application process
The process of verification can take a
You will need to complete Form 61–4a – Flight number of weeks.
crew licence application on basis of overseas civil
qualifications (Part A) form.
Granting a pilot type rating based on
Conversion examination details overseas training and assessment
(FCLM 12.1.7)
For a flight crew licence other than a
PPL(A), you will be required to also pass the CASA will grant you (the holder of an Australian
conversion exam. flight crew licence) an equivalent aircraft type
rating once you have provided the evidence that
satisfies CASA that your foreign aircraft type
rating is at least equivalent to the Australian
rating being requested.

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You must also meet the following requirements If you are the holder of an Australian flight crew
for the grant of pilot type ratings on the basis of licence and can demonstrate, by presenting
overseas training and assessment: to CASA relevant certificates of approval then
CASA may recognise the training received for
› training must be conducted by a training
assessment purposes for issue of an overseas
provider that is authorised by the national
aircraft type rating qualification on your
aviation authority (NAA) of a recognised foreign
Australian licence.
State to conduct the training, for the grant of
an overseas rating CASA must be satisfied that the training you
received is equivalent to the Australian rating
› you have been assessed, by a person who is
being requested. You must provide records
authorised by the same NAA (that authorised
(completed and signed) from an overseas
the training provider) of the recognised foreign
training provider showing you have satisfactorily
State to conduct the assessment, as meeting
undergone training and assessment.
the flight test standard for the grant of the
overseas rating
› the training meets the standards specified in 16.3 Obtaining a certificate
the MOS for training for the rating
of validation based
› the rating, for which the overseas training has
been undertaken, is at least equivalent to the on overseas qualifications
Australian rating.
Overview (61.290)
Note: CASA no longer issues or recognises
copilot aircraft type ratings under CASR Part 61. A certificate of validation (CoV) may be issued
If CASA is not satisfied that the training is at by CASA and permits the holder of an overseas
a standard that allows you to fly that type in authorisation to fly an Australian-registered
command, then the type rating will not be aircraft for a specific operation and for a period
issued. of up to 12 months. The CoV has the effect of an
Australian flight crew licence, aircraft category
Recognition of overseas training in rating and any other rating, with the proviso
that the privileges transferred to the CoV do not
flight simulators (FCLM 12.1.8)
exceed your foreign qualifications.
Foreign flight simulators must be qualified by
Examples of specific operations may be private
their relevant over-sighting national aviation
holiday flying, a commercial ferry operation or
authority (NAA). A list of NAAs that are currently
delivery of a type rating to Australian pilots.
recognised by CASA are outlined in AC 60–2.
However, other foreign simulator providers If you are an overseas student pilot intending to
that are not on the list may have alternative fly with an instructor at all times, you do not need
certificates of approval issued to them from to hold a CoV or any form of Australian flight
the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), European crew licence.
Aviation Safety Authority (EASA) or the United
Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to undergo See also section 1.25 of this guide –
simulator training and testing; and who employ Identity checks.
appropriately qualified training and testing
officers also approved by those recognised NAAs. Grant of certificates of validation
(61.290 and FCLM 11.2 and 11.6)
You may apply to CASA for a certificate of
validation (CoV) if you are the holder of an
overseas flight crew licence.
You are not required to satisfy the Australian
aeronautical experience requirements if you hold
the equivalent or higher class of licence overseas.

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CASA may determine you will need to pass an In order to be issued a CoV you must:
exam or flight test in the interests of the safety of
› hold a valid and current overseas licence (ICAO)
air navigation prior to issuing you a CoV.
and medical certificate that is:
Overseas student pilots intending to fly with an
» issued by the same regulatory authority
instructor at all times do not need to hold a CoV
or any form of Australian flight crew licence. » appropriate to the operations you wish to
conduct in Australia,
If you are the holder of a CPL, MPL or ATPL, CASA
must verify (with the issuing authority for your › be rated for the relevant category type or class
licence) that you are authorised to exercise the of aircraft that is on your foreign licence
privileges of your foreign licence. This verification
› pass any examination or tests that CASA
requirement includes any rating or endorsement
considers necessary in the interests of the
attached to your licence.
safety of air navigation.
Note: Verification reports are valid for
Note: In some cases no theory examination
6 months from the date they were issued.
or flight test will be required and instead
When applying for a CoV you must provide: operational conditions will be placed on your
CoV which must be adhered to.
› a certified/notarised copy of your:
You CoV will specify the classes and/or aircraft
» licence
type ratings you may operate in Australia. You
» medical or validity certificate may either fly those aircraft for which you already
hold a rating or undergo training for the issue of
» logbook
a new type rating as the holder of a CoV.
› completed Form 61–4COV (Certificate of
Validation Application)
› an official translation of the documentation if
the documentation is in another language i.e.
not English
› evidence of a current aviation English language
proficiency (AELP) 4 – 6 level (see section 2.4 of
this guide)
› aviation security status check (see section 1.18
of this guide)
› payment of the application processing fee.
You also need to advise CASA when the CoV
is required. If the start date is not known by
CASA, the CoV will be issued as soon as it can
be finalised. Otherwise, the CoV will be issued
as close to the date requested as is possible.
You must make clear what the purpose is for
requiring a CoV so that it can be assessed
and issued with the appropriate conditions
and privileges.
Copies (certified/notarised) of your logbook Civil Aviation Safety Authority
pages are required to verify your experience has
accrued on different aircraft types.

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Types of certificates of validation Privileges of certificates of validation

(FCLM 11.5) (61.295 and FCLM 11.4))
There are 2 types of CoV issued: As the holder of a CoV, you are authorised to
conduct any activity the holder of the equivalent
› CoV for private day VFR operations which
Australian licence, rating or endorsement is
permits you to conduct private flying
authorised to conduct, subject to the limitations
operations under the day VFR only whilst on
detailed in this chapter.
holiday in Australia.
Example privileges include:
› CoV for commercial operations. You may be
required to pass an aeronautical knowledge › fly an Australian-registered aircraft which is
exams, e.g., commercial air law exam and based overseas
undertake a flight test.
› ferry an Australian-registered aircraft overseas,
Note: In lieu of a theory exam and/or a between overseas countries or from overseas
flight test, your CoV may be issued subject to to Australia
operational conditions, for example:
› conduct demonstration flights in an
› the flight crew you are operating with must Australian-registered aircraft in Australia and
include an Australian CPL holder or an ATPL overseas
holder at all times you are operating
› conduct type rating training of Australian flight
› the CoV is restricted to flights with a crew on Australian registered aircraft
particular operator.
› undertake type rating training with an
These conditions will be considered and approved Part 142 training provider.
determined by CASA and will be reflected on
the actual certificate. Limitations on exercise of privileges
of certificates of validation
Application process (61.300, 61.305 and 61.310 and FCLM 11.6.6)
You need permission to fly an Australian-registered As the holder of a CoV you must:
aircraft on a short-term basis using an overseas
pilot licence. › hold a current overseas medical certificate
issued by the same contracting state as issued
To apply for a CoV based on foreign civil your licence and it is of at least of the class
qualifications you will need to complete Form required to exercise the privileges of your
61–4COV – Certificate of Validation (CoV) on the licence
basis of foreign civil qualifications.
› meet the recency and flight review
Your application should include: requirements of the Australian licence and any
› why you intend to be in Australia rating to pilot an aircraft
› why you need a CoV › carry on all flights:
› the type and registration mark of the aircraft » your CoV
you will fly » your overseas licence
› ferrying operation details (if applicable) » your overseas medical certificate
› commercial operations details (if applicable) » a current photographic ID document that
› details of Australian training you will undertake includes a passport type photograph and
(if applicable). was issued within the last 10 years by an
Australian government or government
It takes approximately 20 days authority or foreign country, state
to process your application and or province and has not expired or
supporting documents. been cancelled.

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Conduct of unauthorised activities Certificate of validation holders

(61.315) (61.340)
You may only pilot an aircraft or flight simulator CASA may direct you, as the holder of a certificate
in an activity authorised under Part 61. You must of validation (CoV), to produce any, or all, of the
comply with any limitations on the exercise of following documents for inspection:
your CoV.
› your certificate of validation

Validity period (61.320) › your overseas medical certificate

Your CoV will be granted for one year and will › your overseas flight crew licence
have the expiry date stated on the certificate. › a current document that includes a
Your CoV is no longer valid when one of the photograph showing your full face, head and
following occurs (whichever occurs first): shoulders issued within the previous 10 years
by a government authority that is:
› you are no longer authorised to exercise the
privileges of your overseas authorisation » the Commonwealth or a state or territory

› your relevant overseas medical expires » a foreign country, or a state or province of a

foreign country.
› the end date of your CoV.
It is an offence if you do not produce your
documentation within the time specified by CASA.
Renewing a certificate of validation
(61.325 and FCLM 11.5.6)
A CoV may be renewed if you have either: 16.4 Recognition of
› passed an aeronautical knowledge examination a partially completed
for the flight crew licence that relates to the
certificate instrument proficiency
› CASA considers exceptional circumstances check
justify the renewal. (Instrument number CASA EX88/23 –
Note: Renewing a certificate of validation, Part 5 Overseas Training and Assessment,
includes granting you a new certificate of and Instrument Proficiency Check,
validation if you are the holder of: Exemption 2023)

› a current certificate of validation You are exempt from the requirements of

completing an instrument proficiency check if you
› a certificate of validation issued for a period have completed an equivalent check overseas
of less than 12 months and renewing for the (detailed in this section) and hold:
remainder of a continuous 12-month period
› a multi-crew pilot licence (MPL)
› a certificate of validation that has expired
within the previous 3 months. › an air transport pilot licence (ATPL)

The renewed CoV must be the same overseas › a pilot type rating (other than a single-engine
flight crew licence, rating or endorsement. turbojet aeroplane type)
› a pilot type rating (single-engine turbojet
aeroplane type)
› an instrument rating.

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Civil Aviation Safety Authority

The equivalent overseas instrument proficiency

check must meet the following requirements: 16.5 Converting a
› you have had an instrument proficiency check European Union Aviation
for the relevant aeroplane or aeroplane type
conducted by an authorised person
Safety Agency (EASA)
› the instrument proficiency check meets the licence
requirements of the authority’s flight standards CASA assess applications to convert from EASA
for the check licences on a case-by-case basis.
› CASA or a flight examiner: The medical certificate presented to CASA
» assesses your knowledge standards to that with your application must be from the same
in Appendix 1 of Schedule 6 of the MOS contracting state as your licence.

» is satisfied you meet the standards of the

MOS
» endorses your licence document that you
have completed an instrument proficiency
check for the relevant aeroplane or
aeroplane type.
Note: An authorised person is a person who
is authorised by the national aviation authority
(NAA) of the recognised foreign state to conduct
an instrument proficiency check (however
named).
You should make reference to this legislative
instrument to ensure you are able to comply with
its requirements.

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chapter 17
BILATERAL AGREEMENTS

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17.1 Overview 17.2 Trans-Tasman Mutual

(61.280 and FCLM 13) Recognition Act (TTMRA)
CASA may grant a licence, rating or endorsement (61.280)
to you in accordance with a bilateral agreement
between Australia and the contracting state who The Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act
granted your licence. For example, if you have (TTMRA) 1997 grants individuals the freedom to
a CPL or an ATPL granted by the Civil Aviation work in either country. This recognition extends
Authority of New Zealand (CAANZ) you may be to aviation, where holders of New Zealand
eligible for an equivalent Australian licence, rating professional flight crew licences (CPL and ATPL)
and other endorsement. may apply for the equivalent qualifications
in Australia.
CASA does not recognise the qualifications
of overseas military flight crew. Overseas
military pilots must obtain a civilian flight crew
licence in their own country (or any other ICAO
country) before applying for an Australian flight
crew licence.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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As an applicant for an Australian CPL or ATPL (as Exemption – Instrument rating

applicable) you must: aeronautical knowledge
(Instrument CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew
› be at least 18 years of age (for a CPL) or at least
Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
21 years of age (for an ATPL)
Exemptions) Instrument 2024)
› have contacted the CAANZ and provided them
If you wish to apply for an ATPL (aeroplane)
with the required form to release the details of
and CASA has granted you a CPL (aeroplane)
your flight crew licence to CASA
and an aeroplane category instrument rating
› have an ARN (CPL only) (in accordance with the TTMRA) you are not
required to have passed the IREX.
› hold a current New Zealand CPL or ATPL that is
not suspended, cancelled, or restricted You may undertake the flight test for your
ATPL(A) without meeting this aeronautical
› hold a current NZ instrument rating proficiency
knowledge requirement.
check conducted as a multi crew operation
on a multi-engine turbine powered aircraft
(required for ATPL(A) only) 17.3 Statutory declarations
› hold a minimum of ICAO Level 4 aviation A statutory declaration (SD) is mandatory for all
English language proficiency (AELP) rating or TTMRA applications.
have undertaken an assessment in Australia
You must complete the Commonwealth of
› have completed the Australian statutory Australia Statutory Declaration form and have
declaration (see below) and have the document it signed by an authorised individual. These
signed by an approved person can be obtained from Australia post offices,
› have the supporting documentation (detailed police stations or Australian consulates/
below) certified as true copies of the original embassies overseas.
by an approved person, unless the documents The Statutory Declarations Regulations 1993
form part of the statutory declaration provides a list of persons (on the back of the SD
› have paid the applicable licence fee (refer to form) before whom a declaration can be made.
payment advice section of Form 760 noting all
fees are AUD) A NZ doctor who is a CASA DAME may
not be eligible to sign an Australian
› have completed and signed Form 760 statutory declaration form. They must
(TTMRA Application). be licenced to practice medicine in a
state of Australia and must also provide
CASA does not recognise NZ military their Australian medical practitioners
qualifications. You must convert these registration number in addition to their
to civilian qualifications with the CAANZ DAME number.
before submission to CASA.

A NZ licence holder must complete

an Application for Licence Verification
form from CAANZ website along
with identification.

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The following documents must be submitted to Do not to forward photocopied pages

CASA when you are making a TTMRA application: from your logbooks that are NOT
relevant to the issue of a CASA licence.
› your completed TTMRA Application (Form 760)
Only submit copies of those pages that
› a copy of both sides of your current New reflect your last renewal for a particular
Zealand licence New Zealand rating and/or aircraft
endorsement and the type rating
› a copy of all pages (back and front) of your
certificate page.
current New Zealand medical certificate
› your completed Australian statutory
declaration (SD) form
› copies of your relevant logbook pages.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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chapter 18
RECOGNITION OF
AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE
QUALIFICATIONS

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18.1 Overview 18.2 How to apply for a

Australian Defence Force (ADF) flight crews Part 61 qualification
must not fly civilian aircraft unless they have an
appropriate civilian licence. If you are currently (FCLM 14.14)
serving, or have served, in the ADF you may If you are a graduate of a recognised ADF course
be able to obtain a flight crew licence, rating, you may lodge your application for a civilian flight
or endorsement (excluding a flight examiner crew licence, using Form 61–1ADF Flight Crew
rating) if you hold, or have held, a flight crew Licence Application.
qualification granted by the ADF equivalent to a
CASA licence, rating or endorsement. CASA will issue you a letter, valid for
12 months, stating your ADF qualifications that
CASA only recognises the qualifications are recognised.
of graduates from the courses detailed in
section 18.5. CASA does not recognise the
qualifications of non-graduates. 18.3 General requirements
CASA does not recognise the qualifications (61.285, MOS Schedule 3 and FCLM 14)
of overseas military flight crew. Overseas
military pilots must obtain a civilian flight crew Table 55 details the conversion requirements as
licence in their own country (or any other ICAO a member, or former member, of the ADF.
country) before applying for an Australian flight
crew licence.

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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Table 55: General conversion requirements

Civilian licence Requirements Notes

or rating type
Private pilot no further training if you have graduated aeronautical experience requirements
licence (PPL) from a recognised ADF course provided are those of a non-integrated course
you: Note: Recognised courses are listed
› meet the minimum age requirements in section 18.5 of this guide
› have a current aviation English
language proficiency assessment
› meet the aeronautical experience
requirements for the licence
Commercial pilot no further training if you have graduated aeronautical experience requirements
licence (CPL) from a recognised ADF course provided are those of a non-integrated course
you: Note: Recognised courses are listed
› meet the minimum age requirements in section 18.5 of this guide
› have a current aviation English
language proficiency assessment
› meet the aeronautical experience
requirements for the licence
Air transport pilot you must have: Note: (Instrument number CASA
licence (ATPL) › passed all seven (7) ATPL subject EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing
exams and Other Matters (Miscellaneous
Exemptions) Instrument 2024) If
› completed an approved course of
you are applying for an ATPL you do
training in multi-crew cooperation
not have to complete an approved
› meet the minimum aeronautical course of training in multi-crew
experience requirements as required cooperation (MCC) if:
by the CASRs
› you have successfully completed
› passed the flight test detailed in the an ADF training course for a
MOS multi-crew pilot operational
conversion qualification for an
aircraft that is normally operated
by 2 pilots
› you have given CASA a copy of
your relevant ADF qualification
Instrument rating you must have passed:
› the aeronautical knowledge
examination for the rating
› the flight test detailed in the MOS for
the rating
Flight instructor you must have passed the flight test
rating mentioned in the MOS for the rating

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18.4 Aeronautical 18.5 Recognised ADF

experience recognition courses
(FCLM 14.4 and 14.15) (FCLM 14.12)
ADF applicants must meet the minimum CASA only recognises the qualifications of
aeronautical experience requirements specified graduates from the courses detailed in table 56.
in the CASRs noting that credit may be given for CASA does not recognise the qualifications of
ADF flying hours recorded in your service logbook non-graduates.
towards those experience requirements.
Note: A non-graduate may have attended but
Note: ADF pilots record PIC hours as ‘captain’ did not graduate from a recognised ADF flying
and in command under supervision (ICUS) as course or completed only the flight screening
‘first pilot’. stage at BFTS/1FTS. These screening courses
provide no qualification but may accrue up to
Only in the case of applying for an ATPL(A) may
15 hours of dual flying time. Non-graduates
you consider ICUS hours in lieu of PIC hours.
must meet the same aeronautical experience
When applying for a licence, you must provide as civilian pilots when seeking a civilian licence.
evidence of your graduation in the form of both:
Table 56 shows those ADF qualifications that
› a course completion certificate with a certified/ have a civilian equivalent.
notarised copy of the last page entry of your
In all cases you must provide a signed logbook
ADF logbook
entry and either:
› any relevant evidence required for the
› a course completion certificate
recognition of an ADF qualification is to be
completed by your commanding officer › record of attainment report (army only).
to confirm:
» your completion of the course
» the authenticity of your logbook entries
» the pilot the experience requirements.

Department of Defence

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Table 56: Civil recognition of ADF qualifications (abbreviations can be found beneath the table)

ADF qualification Civil recognition Conditions and notes

graduate of: › PPL(A) (if ADF aeronautical experience application required
› BFTS/1FTS/IPC meets CASR minimum hours for
non-integrated training)
› army intermediate
pilots course › single engine aeroplane (SEA) class
› 2FTS › flight activity endorsements for aerobatics,
spinning, formation flying
› MPPC (CT4B)
› GTE (PC9)
› RU (PC9)
graduate 2FTS › CPL(A) (if ADF aeronautical experience meets application required
and a graduate CASR minimum hours for non-integrated training)
of operational › single engine aeroplane (SEA) class
conversion course
(RAAF) › flight activity endorsements for aerobatics,
spinning, formation flying
› MPPC (CT4B)
› GTE (PC9)
› RU (PC9)
› NVFR (single engine aeroplane)
› low-level (aeroplane)
night night VFR › application required
› a PPL or higher
and meet the
minimum hours as
required by regulation
61.980
formation formation application required
low flying low-level rating application required
aerobatics aerobatic flight activity endorsement application required
formation aerobatics formation aerobatic flight activity endorsement application required
QFI flight instructor grades 2 or 3 and additional › application required
training endorsements under CASR 61.1235 (See › a CPL or higher
chapter 11 of this guide.)
› pass the flight test
ADF instrument instrument rating › application required
rating › a PPL or higher
› pass IREX theory
examination
› pass the flight test

Table specific abbreviations:

› BFTS/1FTS: Basic/First Flight Training School › RU: Retractable Undercarriage
› IPC: Instrument Proficiency Check › 2FTS: Second Flight Training School
› MPPC: Manual Propeller Pitch Control › QFI: Qualified Flying Instructor
› GTE: Gas Turbine Engine

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iStockphoto.com | VisualField

18.6 Medical certificates 18.8 Table of recognised

(FCLM 14.16) aeroplanes
You must have a medical certificate issued by (FCLM 14.18)
CASA when you apply for your civilian licence.
The class of medical certificate must be The ADF awards pilots ‘first pilot’ (day only or
consistent with the class of licence to be held. day/night) for particular aircraft. These ratings
(See section 2.7 of this guide. may be recognised as equivalent to civilian
ratings if they are an aircraft class rating or
aircraft type rating.
18.7 Recording of civilian Note: Type ratings must be listed in the latest
aeronautical experience edition of the Prescribed of aircraft and ratings
CASR Part 61.
You may enter your civilian flying hours and
Any design features for recognised aircraft
qualifications in your ADF logbook, if permitted
as appropriate will be awarded.
to do so by the ADF.

CASA does not require a separate

logbook for civilian flying. However,
you may elect to use different logbooks
to avoid confusion between the way
civilian and ADF flight time is logged.

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Table 57: Recognised aeroplanes

ADF endorsement CASA aircraft rating

Aeroplanes Aircraft type or class Design feature
B707 B707–300 › pressurisation system
› retractable undercarriage
› gas turbine engine
Caribou DHC4 › retractable undercarriage
› MPPC
CT4A single-engine class › MPPC
C47/Dakota DC3 › MPPC
› retractable undercarriage
› tail wheel undercarriage
C130/Hercules C130J/Super L–382 › retractable undercarriage
Hercules not a recognised aircraft › pressurisation system
› gas turbine engine
Falcon 900/DA90 Falcon 50/900 › retractable undercarriage
› pressurisation system
› gas turbine engine
HS748 HS748 › retractable undercarriage
› pressurisation system
› gas turbine engine
Nomad Nomad › retractable undercarriage
› gas turbine engine

P3 Orion L–188 › retractable undercarriage

› pressurisation system
› gas turbine engine
PC9 single engine class › retractable undercarriage
› gas turbine engine

KC350 B350/1900 › retractable undercarriage

› pressurisation system
› gas turbine engine
E7A Wedgetail or PA Poseidon B737 300–900 › retractable undercarriage
› pressurisation system
› gas turbine engine

Note: MPPC is a manual propeller pitch control.

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228 | Chapter 18 Recognition of Australian Defence Force qualifications

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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 229

APPENDICES

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230 | Appendix A Acronyms and abbreviations

Appendix A: Acronyms and abbreviations

Term Meaning Term Meaning
AC advisory circular GFPT general flying progress test
ADF Australian Defence Force GM guidance material
AELP aviation English language proficiency GNSS global navigation satellite system
AGL above ground level HOO head of operations
ARN aviation reference number IAP instrument approach procedure
ASIC aviation security identification card ICAO international civil aviation
organisation
ATPL airline transport pilot licence
IFR instrument flight rules
AVID aviation identification
IMC instrument meteorological
BIF basic instrument flight
conditions
BIFT basic instrument flight training
IPC instrument proficiency check
CAAP Civil Aviation Advisory Publications
IREX instrument rating aeronautical
CAO Civil Aviation Order knowledge examination
CAR Civil Aviation Regulations (1988) KDR knowledge deficiency report
CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority MCC multi-crew cooperation
CASR Civil Aviation Safety Regulations MOS Manual of Standards
CoV certificate of validation MPL multi-crew pilot licence
CPL commercial pilot licence MPPC manual propeller pitch control
CSC client services centre MTOW maximum take-off weight
DAME designated aviation medical NAA national aviation authority
examiner
NDB non-directional beacon
EAP enterprise aviation processing
NM nautical mile
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
PEXO pilot examination office
ELP English language proficiency
PIRC pilot instructor rating common
FAA Federal Aviation Administration (exam)
(United States of America)
PPL private pilot licence
FAR Federal Aviation Regulation (United
RAMPC recreational aviation medical
States of America)
practitioner’s certificate
FCLM flight crew licensing manual
RPL recreational pilot licence
FE flight examiner
SMS safety management system
FEH flight examiner handbook
VFR visual flight rules
FSTD flight simulation training device
GA general aviation
GFA gliding federation of Australia

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 Appendix B Definitions | 231

Appendix B: Definitions
(61.010, 61.015, 31.020 and 61.025)

Term Meaning
accident an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft. In the case of
(Chapter 1 of a manned aircraft, it takes place between the time any person boards the
ICAO Annex 19) aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have
disembarked. In the case of an unmanned aircraft, it takes place between the
time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight until such time as
it comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is
shut down, in which:
› a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of:
» being in the aircraft
» direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have
become detached from the aircraft
» direct exposure to jet blast
› except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted
by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the
areas normally available to the passengers and crew
› the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:
» adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight
characteristics of the aircraft
» would normally require major repair or replacement of the
affected component,
› except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to a
single-engine, (including its cowlings or accessories), to propellers, wing
tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels, fairings, panels, landing
gear doors, windscreens, the aircraft skin (such as small dents or puncture
holes), or for minor damages to main rotor blades, tail rotor blades,
landing gear and those resulting from hail or bird strike (including holes in
the radome); or
› the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible
Act the Civil Aviation Act 1988
adventure flights a range of ex-military, historic and replica aircraft that may be used to offer
adventure-style flights to the general public for a fee. Rather than being a
traditional joy flight, providers market these flights as:
› warbird
› combat
› military
› top-gun
› adventure.
the Australian Warbirds Association (AWAL) is under Part 132 of CASR
manage these flights

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232 | Appendix B Definitions

Term Meaning
aerial application › a flight that is carried out by an aeroplane to apply application material
operation (application › a flight by an aeroplane that is for, or partly for, 1 or more of the following:
operation)
» inspection of a work area
» pilot training or checking relating to a flight mentioned above
» training of a crew member other than the pilot
» travel from a landing area to a work area and back
» the carriage of a passenger specified in regulation 137.135 for a purpose
set out in that regulation
› preparation for any activities mentioned above
aerial application an operator that holds an AOC that authorises the use of an aeroplane in
operator aerial agricultural operations
aeronautical for a pilot, the total of:
experience › the person’s flight time as a pilot
(regulation 61.075) › the person’s simulated flight time
aeroplane an aeroplane that has flight controls providing control of the aeroplane in
(regulation 61.025) 3 axes and includes a touring motor glider being operated under Part 91

alternative AELP › has applied, in writing, to an approved person for an assessment of the
assessment holder individual’s AELP
› has been assessed by the approved person as meeting the ICAO level 6
AELP standards mentioned in the MOS
approved approved in writing by CASA. Such an approval may contain conditions.
approved course a course of professional development for which the provider holds an
of professional approval under regulation 61.040 for the provision
development
approved course of a course of training:
training › for which the provider holds an approval under regulation 61.040 for the
provision
› that a Part 141 or Part 142 operator is authorised to conduct
› that a person holds an approval under regulation 141.035 or Part 142.040
to conduct
approved flight a flight simulation training device is an approved flight simulation training
simulation training device for a purpose if:
device › a Part 141 operator’s operations manual, or a Part 142 operator’s
exposition, states that the device may be used for the purpose
› the operator of the device holds an approval under regulation 60.055 or
61.040 to use the device for the purpose
› the device is:
» qualified (however described) by the national aviation authority of a
recognised foreign state
» approved for the purpose by the national aviation authority

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 Appendix B Definitions | 233

Term Meaning
approved flight a flight simulator is an approved flight simulator for a purpose if:
simulator › a Part 141 operator’s operations manual, or a Part 142 operator’s
exposition, states that the simulator may be used for the purpose
› the operator of the simulator holds an approval under regulation 60.055
to use the simulator for the purpose
› the simulator is:
» qualified (however described) by the national aviation authority of a
recognised foreign state
» approved for the purpose by the national aviation authority
assessment the process of gathering measurable information and evidence about the
performance of an individual or team and comparing this with a defined set
of competency standard
associated (with a an aircraft category rating is associated with a pilot licence if:
pilot licence) › for an application for the pilot licence – the application includes an
application for the rating
› in any other case – the rating was granted on the basis of the applicant
having met the requirements for the grant of the pilot licence with the
rating
Note: An aircraft category rating has effect only for the pilot licence with
which it is associated: see regulation 61.725
authorisation flight crew licence, rating or endorsement
Australian registered an aircraft registered in Australia
aircraft
available for training able to be used for training
aviation English an aviation English language proficiency assessment conducted under
language proficiency regulation 61.255
assessment
aviation English the holder of an approval under regulation 61.270 to conduct an aviation
language proficiency English language proficiency assessment
assessor
azimuth guidance an instrument approach operation using azimuth bearings for lateral
operation navigation guidance
basic instrument flight flight training in the units of competency for instrument flight mentioned in
training the Part 61 Manual of Standards for the grant of a private pilot licence or
commercial pilot licence
CASA certificate of a certificate issued by CASA stating that, for paragraph 41 (e) of instrument
equivalence EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions)
Instrument 2024, a person’s successful completion of alternative training, or
acquisition of qualifications, or possession of experience, or a combination
of these, is approved to be at least equivalent to an alternative means of
compliance mentioned in paragraphs 41 (a) to (d) of instrument EX32/24
CASR special approval an approval granted under regulation 61.040, 141.035 or 142.040 of CASR

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Term Meaning
category (of aircraft) under regulation 61.015, is each of the following:
› aeroplane
› helicopter
› powered-lift aircraft
› gyroplane
› airship
category specific a rating or endorsement is category specific if the rating or endorsement
applies only to an aircraft category that is specified on the rating or
endorsement
Certificate IV a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment issued by a registered training
in Training and organisation under the Australian Qualifications Framework.
Assessment Note: See www.aqf.edu.au.
certificate of validation a certificate of validation granted under SubPart 61.C.
circling approach an extension of an instrument approach operation that includes a visual
circling manoeuvre to position an aircraft for a landing
civil aviation legislation › has the meaning given in the Civil Aviation Act 1988 or the regulations
› legislative instruments made under the Act or the regulations
› Chapter 7 of the Criminal Code, insofar as that Chapter applies to conduct
in relation to:
» this Act or the regulations
» legislative instruments made under this Act or the regulations
» CASA
» an officer acting, or purporting to act, in the course of the officer’s official
duties; or
» an authorised person acting, or purporting to act, in accordance with
powers conferred under the regulations; or
» a person to whom a power or function has been delegated under
this Act, the regulations, or an instrument made under this Act or the
regulations
Class 5 medical a document provided to the person by CASA as an acknowledgment that the
self‑declaration person has successfully completed the online self-assessment of medical
fitness process.
class of aircraft under regulation 61.020 is any of the following:
› single-engine aeroplane
› multi-engine aeroplane
› single-engine helicopter
› powered-lift aircraft
› single-engine gyroplane
› airship
for this Part, the single-engine aeroplane class includes:
› multi-engine centre-line thrust aeroplane
› multi-engine aeroplanes that are prescribed by a legislative instrument
under regulation 61.050 (prescription of multi-engine aeroplanes included
in single-engine aeroplane class)

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 Appendix B Definitions | 235

Term Meaning
competency a combination of skills, knowledge and behaviours required to perform a task
to the prescribed standard
competency determined to meet the skill needs and focus on what is expected of a
standards competent individual. The MOS defines the competency standards for flight
crew licences, rating and endorsements
conditional driver a driver licence issued by a driver licensing authority of a state or territory as
licence a conditional licence in accordance with a law in and that is issued subject to
any of the following conditions:
› that the holder must wear corrective lenses at all times while driving;
› that the holder is only authorised to drive during daylight hours;
› that the holder must drive only a motor vehicle that is fitted with a
specified driver aid or that is modified as directed by the driver licensing
authority or as printed on the licence;
› a requirement that the driver is regularly medically assessed for fitness to
drive
conduct › in relation to a flight operation – to occupy a flight control seat in an
aircraft while the operation takes place
› in relation to a simulated flight operation – to occupy a flight control seat in
an approved flight simulation training device while the simulated operation
takes place
copilot a pilot on board an aircraft in a piloting capacity other than the pilot in
command, or a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of
receiving flight training
cross-country flight a flight along a pre-planned route during which the pilot uses geometry,
topography or radio navigation aids to determine the aircraft’s position and
course
cross-country flight flight time accrued during a cross-country flight
time
current › for an aviation English language proficiency assessment – see regulation
61.260
› for a recreational aviation medical practitioner’s certificate held by:
» a student pilot – see subregulation 61.114(6)
» a recreational pilot licence holder – see subregulation 61.405(3)
› for a certificate of validation or medical certificate – means a certificate that
is in force

differences training for a variant, means the training mentioned in regulation 61.200 for the
variant

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Term Meaning
direct supervision of a pilot conducting a flight, means doing the following:
› performing the tasks involved in indirect supervision of the pilot
› being present and able to monitor and assess the safety of the flight and
communicate directly with the pilot
› selecting and planning the area in which the flight is conducted
› authorising the pilot to conduct the flight
› providing direction to ensure the safety of the flight
driver licence a document issued by a driver licensing authority in accordance with a law
in force in a State or internal Territory demonstrating that a person has
been authorised to drive a motor vehicle on a road or road related area
and includes a probationary licence, conditional licence, restricted licence,
provisional licence or learner licence
dual cross-country cross-country flight time conducted in dual flight
flight time
dual flight flight conducted while receiving training from a pilot instructor occupying a
flight control seat in an aircraft fitted with fully functional dual controls
dual flight check an in-flight assessment by a flight instructor of the competency of a student
pilot to conduct a solo training flight
dual instrument flight instrument flight time conducted in dual flight
time
dual instrument instrument ground time conducted in dual simulated flight
ground time
dual instrument time › dual instrument flight time
› dual instrument ground time
dual simulated flight simulated flight conducted while receiving training from a pilot instructor
occupying a flight control seat in an approved flight simulation training device
fitted with fully functional dual controls
duration (of flight) for a flight in an aeroplane or gyroplane – the time from the moment the
aircraft begins moving, whether or not under its own power, in preparation
for flight until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight
eligible person (as a person:
relates to a Class 5 › who has completed the online self-assessment of medical fitness process
medical)
› who provided true and accurate information in that process
› who has been provided with a Class 5 medical self-declaration by CASA
› whose Class 5 medical self-declaration specifies a date that has not passed
as the date on which the exemptions in this instrument stop applying to
the person
› who has not temporarily stopped being an eligible person because of the
operation of section 11 or of subsections 15(3), 29(3), 42(3) or 56(3)
› who has not stopped being an eligible person because of the operation of
section 12

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Term Meaning
ELP assessment an individual who:
holder › has a current aviation English language proficiency assessment
› is an alternative AELP assessment holder
› is a GELP holder
endorsement a flight crew endorsement.
equivalent for an overseas flight crew licence, rating or endorsement: an overseas
flight crew licence, rating or endorsement (however described) is equivalent
to a flight crew licence, rating or endorsement granted under this Part (an
Australian authorisation) if it allows the holder to conduct substantially the
same activities as the Australian authorisation
examiner rating › a flight examiner rating
› a flight engineer examiner rating
exempted applicant a person who:
› is an applicant for the grant of an ATPL(A)
› has been granted a commercial pilot licence, with the aeroplane category
rating and an instrument rating, in accordance with the Trans-Tasman
Mutual Recognition Act 1997
flight › under regulation 61.070, means flight in:
› an aeroplane
flight activity an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of table 61.1145
endorsement
Flight control seat the same meaning as in the definition of conduct in regulation 61.010 of
CASR being:
› in relation to a flight operation – to occupy a flight control seat in an
aircraft while the operation takes place
› in relation to a simulated flight operation – to occupy a flight control seat in
a flight simulation training device while the simulated operation takes place
flight crew an endorsement granted under this Part on a flight crew licence
endorsement
flight crew licence a pilot licence
flight crew member a crew member who is a pilot or flight engineer assigned to carry out duties
essential to the operation of an aircraft during flight time”
flight crew rating a rating granted under this Part on a flight crew licence
flight examiner the holder of a flight examiner rating
flight examiner an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of table 61.1310
endorsement
flight instructor the holder of a flight instructor rating
flight review an assessment of the competency of a flight crew member to perform:
› for the holder of a pilot licence or flight engineer licence – an activity
authorised by a flight crew rating that the crew member holds

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Term Meaning
flight simulation › a qualified flight simulator
training device › a qualified flight training device
› a synthetic trainer that is approved under Civil Aviation Order 45.0
› a device that meets the qualification standards prescribed by a legislative
instrument under regulation 61.045
› a device that is qualified (however described) by the national aviation
authority of a recognised foreign state
flight simulator for a specific type (or a specific make, model and series) of aircraft:
› a simulator that simulates the aircraft in ground and flight operations
and comprises:
» a full size replica of the flight deck of the aircraft
» a visual system providing an out of the flight deck view
» a force cueing motion system
› includes the necessary software and equipment and the way that the
equipment is interconnected
flight test for a flight crew licence, rating or endorsement: a test conducted under
regulation 61.245 for the licence, rating or endorsement
flight test an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of part1 of table 61.1310
endorsement
flight time (pilot) under regulation 61.080:
› the duration of the following flights:
» a solo flight by the person
» a flight in which the person receives flight training
» if the person is a flight instructor – a flight during which the person
exercises the privileges of his or her flight instructor rating
» if the person is a flight examiner – a flight during which the person
exercises the privileges of his or her flight examiner rating
› the person’s flight time as pilot in command
› the person’s flight time as pilot in command under supervision
› the person’s flight time as a copilot
flight time (copilot) under regulation 61.085: any period, during flight in an aircraft that, under
these regulations, must be flown with a flight crew of at least 2 pilots,
in which the person is performing copilot duties other than as pilot in
command under supervision.
flight time (pilot in under regulation 61.090: duration of a flight for which the person is the pilot
command) in command of the aircraft
flight time (pilot in under regulation 61.095: the duration of a flight where the person:
command under › holds a pilot licence,
supervision)
› performs all the duties of the pilot in command,
› is part of a flight by an operator with training and checking responsibilities,
› is supervised by an authorised pilot in command supervisor,
› is supervised by an instructor or flight examiner
› is not receiving flight training

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Term Meaning
flight time (instrument under regulation 61.10: any time spent piloting an aircraft solely by reference
flight time) to instruments and without external visual reference points in IMC or
simulated IMC
to log instrument flight time you must first hold an instrument rating, a
private instrument rating, an aeroplane or powered-lift ATPL or an MPL. If
you do not hold these, you can only log instrument flight time if it is dual
instrument flight time
if you are flight instructor, you can log instrument flight time for any time
spent conducting training mentioned in regulation 61.1165 or during a flight
review or during dual instrument flight time in IMC
if you are a flight examiner you can log instrument flight time during a flight
test or proficiency check if you are in IMC
flight time (instrument under regulation 61.110: any time spent conducting simulated flight in an
ground time) approved flight simulation training device solely by reference to instruments
and without simulated external visual reference points
to log instrument ground time you must first hold an instrument rating,
a private instrument rating, an aeroplane or powered-lift ATPL or MPL. If
you do not hold these, you can only log instrument ground time if it is dual
instrument ground time.
flight training for a flight crew licence, rating or endorsement, means the training
mentioned in regulation 61.195 for the licence, rating or endorsement
flight training device for a specific type (or a specific make, model and series) of aircraft:
› a device that:
i. simulates the aircraft in ground and flight operations to the extent
of the systems installed in the device
ii. comprises a full size replica of the instruments, equipment, panels
and controls in an open flight deck area, or an enclosed flight deck,
of the aircraft
iii. does not, in every respect, simulate the aircraft in ground and
flight operations
› includes the necessary software and equipment and the way that the
equipment is interconnected
flight training operator an organisation approved by CASA under Part 141 or Part 142 which is
staffed, equipped and operated in a suitable environment offering training
(theoretical and practical) for specific flight training programs.
Indirect supervision of a pilot conducting a flight, means doing the following:
› conducting frequent surveillance of the performance of the pilot
› periodically reviewing the performance of the pilot in the planning and
conduct of the flight
› providing feedback on the performance of the pilot
› knowing the pilot’s area of operations
› acting as a mentor to the pilot
initial flight training dual flight conducted for training in the units of competency mentioned in
the MOS for the grant of a recreational pilot licence
instructor › a flight instructor
› a simulator instructor
› a flight engineer instructor

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Term Meaning
instructor proficiency an assessment, against the standards mentioned in the MOS of an
check instructor’s competency to conduct flight training
instructor rating › a flight instructor rating
› a simulator instructor rating
› a flight engineer instructor rating
instrument an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of table 61.890
endorsement
instrument flight time see definition of flight time (instrument flight time)
instrument ground see definition of flight time (instrument ground time)
time
instrument proficiency an assessment, against the standards mentioned in the MOS of a pilot’s
check competency to pilot an aircraft under the IFR
instrument time › instrument flight time
› instrument ground time
knowledge deficiency a report prepared and given to a person, under regulation 61.230
report
licence a flight crew licence
licence document see regulation 61.175
low-level endorsement an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of table 61.1075
low-level operation an operation below 500 ft AGL, other than the following:
› climbing from take-off
› descending for the purpose of landing
› an aerial application operation
maximum certificated for an aircraft, the maximum passenger seating capacity stated in the
passenger seating aircraft’s type certificate, foreign type certificate, supplemental type certificate
capacity or foreign supplemental type certificate
maximum certificated for an aircraft, the maximum take-off weight stated in the aircraft’s type
take-off weight certificate, foreign type certificate, supplemental type certificate or foreign
supplemental type certificate
Medical assessment means the evidence issued by a national aviation authority (NAA) that the
licence holder meets specific requirements of medical fitness
medical exemption › for the conduct of a solo flight by a student pilot – an approval under
regulation 61.040 to conduct the solo flight without holding a current
medical certificate or recreational aviation medical practitioner’s certificate
› for the exercise of the privileges of a flight crew licence or rating –
an approval under regulation 61.040 to exercise the privileges of
the licence or rating without holding a current medical certificate or
recreational aviation medical practitioner’s certificate
medical practitioner a person entitled to practise as a medical practitioner under a law of
a state or territory
multi-crew in relation to an aircraft, is certificated for operation by a crew of
at least 2 pilots

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Term Meaning
multi-crew operation an operation that requires at least 2 pilots in:
› a multi-crew aircraft
› an aircraft equipped and required by these regulations, to be operated by
a crew of at least 2 pilots
multi-crew pilot a course of training for the grant of a multi-crew pilot licence conducted by a
licence training course Part 142 operator
multi-crew type rating a pilot type rating authorising its holder to pilot an aircraft of the type
covered by the rating in a multi-crew operation
multi-engine an aeroplane that has 2 or more engines, other than:
aeroplane › a multi-engine centre-line thrust aeroplane
› an aeroplane prescribed by a legislative instrument under regulation
61.050 as an aeroplane included in the single-engine aeroplane class
multi-engine centre- an aeroplane with 2 or more engines that:
line thrust aeroplane › has the thrust line along the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane
› has no asymmetric handling effect about the normal axis in the event of an
engine failure
multi-pilot capable an aircraft being operated as a multi-pilot aircraft that:
aircraft › is certificated under Part 21 of CASR for single-pilot operations
› is not an aircraft that, under CASR or CAR, must be flown with a crew of
at least 2 pilots
› is fitted with:
» 2 flight control seats – from each of which a flight operation may be
conducted by a pilot
» flight instruments suitable for operation of the aircraft from either flight
control seat
Note: Some examples of multi-pilot capable aircraft are Metro series
aeroplanes, BE1900 aeroplanes
new authorisation a flight crew licence, rating or endorsement under Part 61
night VFR an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of table 61.980
endorsement
old authorisation › a civil aviation authorisation to carry out an activity essential to, or
associated with, the operation of an aircraft in flight (a flight activity)
issued under either of the following before 1 September 2014:
» Part 5 of CAR
» a relevant CAO
› includes the following:
» an appointment as an approved person under a relevant CAO for a
flight activity
» an approval or certification, including a certification in a personal log
book, under CAR or a relevant CAO to carry out a flight activity
» a delegation under CAR to give a permission (however described) to
conduct a flight activity

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242 | Appendix B Definitions

Term Meaning
operational any of the following endorsements:
endorsement › an aerial application endorsement
› a flight activity endorsement
› a flight examiner endorsement
› an instrument endorsement
› a low-level endorsement
› a night VFR endorsement
› a night vision imaging system endorsement
› a private instrument endorsement
› a training endorsement
› a flight engineer examiner endorsement
› a flight engineer training endorsement
operational rating any of the following ratings:
› an aerial application rating
› a flight examiner rating
› an instructor rating
› an instrument rating
› a low-level rating
› a night VFR rating
› a night vision imaging system rating
› a private instrument rating
operator proficiency an assessment conducted by an operator in accordance with their training
check and checking responsibilities under these regulations of whether a person
has the aeronautical skills and knowledge required by the operator
overseas an authorisation (however described) granted by the national aviation
endorsement authority of a contracting state, in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago
Convention, equivalent to a flight crew endorsement
overseas flight crew an authorisation (however described) granted by the national aviation
licence authority of a contracting state, in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago
Convention, equivalent to a flight crew licence
overseas medical a medical certificate (however described) granted by the national aviation
certificate authority of a contracting state, in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago
Convention, equivalent to a medical certificate
overseas rating an authorisation (however described) granted by the national aviation
authority of a contracting state, in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago
Convention, equivalent to a flight crew rating

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 Appendix B Definitions | 243

Term Meaning
permissible copilot in relation to a person who was a permitted copilot, means time during
time which the pilot performed copilot duties in a multi-pilot capable aircraft in
accordance with multi-crew procedures specified in the operations manual
or exposition (whichever is applicable) of the AOC holder operating the
aircraft
permitted copilot a copilot of a multi-crew operation conducted in a multi-pilot capable aircraft
that is operated by an AOC holder
pilot (noun) person authorised under this Part to manipulate the flight controls of an
aircraft during flight
pilot (verb) › to manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight
› to occupy a flight control seat in an aircraft during flight
pilot in command a pilot, other than a student pilot, who performs the duties and functions of
under supervision the pilot in command of an aircraft under the supervision of a pilot who is
authorised by the operator of the aircraft to conduct the supervision
pilot instructor › a flight instructor
› a simulator instructor
pilot licence means any of the following licences:
› an air transport pilot licence
› a commercial pilot licence
› a multi-crew pilot licence
› a private pilot licence
› a recreational pilot licence
private instrument an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of table 61.935
endorsement
privilege in relation to a flight crew licence, rating or endorsement, means an activity
that the holder of the licence, rating or endorsement is authorised, under
this Part, to conduct
published lowest safe has the meaning given by subregulation 178(7) of CAR
altitude
rating a flight crew rating
recent photograph at a particular time, a photograph taken within 6 months before that time
recognised aeroplane an aeroplane:
› that is on the register of aircraft kept by a contracting state
› that is a state aircraft

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244 | Appendix B Definitions

Term Meaning
recognised foreign any of the following:
state › Canada.
› Hong Kong
› New Zealand
› United States of America
› the following EASA member States:
» Belgium
» Czech Republic
» Denmark
» Finland
» France
» Germany
» Ireland
» Italy
» Netherlands
» Norway
» Portugal
» Spain
» Sweden
» Switzerland
» United Kingdom
› any other foreign country prescribed by a legislative instrument under
regulation 61.047
recognised powered- a powered-lift aircraft:
lift aircraft › that is on the register of aircraft kept by a contracting state
› that is a state aircraft
recreational aircraft a single-engine aircraft that:
› is certificated for single-pilot operation
› has a maximum certificated take-off weight of less than 1,500 kg
› is not rocket-powered or turbine powered
recreational aviation a certificate from a medical practitioner to the effect that the holder meets
medical practitioner’s the modified Austroads medical standards
certificate
recreational pilot an endorsement mentioned in regulation 61.485
licence endorsement
regularly taking or taking or using the medication or substance on most days, in circumstances
using in which the disease or symptoms for which the person is taking or using the
medication or substance can be expected to become significantly worse if
the medication or substance is not taken or used on most days
simulated flight time time spent in an approved flight simulation training device during which a
pilot is performing the duties of a pilot

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Term Meaning
simulated IMC flight in an aircraft or approved flight simulation training device during which
the pilot is prevented from viewing the external horizon
simulator instructor the holder of a simulator instructor rating
single-pilot operation an operation in an aircraft, other than a multi-crew operation
single-pilot type rating a pilot type rating authorising its holder to pilot an aircraft of the type
covered by the rating in a single-pilot operation
single-place aircraft an aircraft that has only 1 flight control seat
solo in relation to a flight of an aircraft, means a flight in which the pilot is the sole
occupant of the aircraft
specified category a category of aircraft for which a flight instructor holds a grade 1
training endorsement, grade 2 training endorsement or grade 3 training
endorsement
standard instrument a departure under the IFR in accordance with an instrument departure
departure procedure
student › for aircraft other than Part 131 aircraft – a person who is authorised to
pilot an aircraft under regulation 61.112
› for Part 131 aircraft – a person who:
» does not hold a commercial pilot (balloon) licence within the meaning of
subregulation 5.01(1) of CAR
» is receiving balloon flight training within the meaning of that
subregulation
successfully a person is successfully participating in an operator’s training and checking
participating system for an operation if:
› the person is employed by the operator
› the operator’s training and checking system covers the operation
› the person has met the requirements under the system for entry into
the system
› the person is permitted under the system to be assigned by the operator
for duty for the operation
training endorsement an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of table 61.1235
training provider for a person undertaking flight training:
› the Part 141 or Part 142 operator conducting the training
› the person conducting the training who holds an approval under
regulation 141.035 or Part 142.040 to conduct the training
type rating › a pilot type rating
› a flight engineer type rating
› a cruise relief type rating
type specific a rating or endorsement is type specific if the rating or endorsement applies
only to an aircraft type specified on the rating or endorsement
variant in relation to an aircraft model (the first model), means another aircraft
model CASA has prescribed by a legislative instrument under regulation
61.055 as a variant of the first model

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246 | Appendix C Prescribed aircraft and type ratings

Appendix C: Prescribed aircraft and type ratings

F2023C00787 – Part 61 Flight Crew Licensing (Prescribed Aircraft and Type Ratings) (casa.gov.au)
F2023L00419 – Type rating excluded from Part 142 flight training (edition 7) instrument 2023

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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 Appendix D Part 61 Manual of standards references | 247

Appendix D: Part 61 Manual of standards references

Licence, rating, MOS Schedule Relevant MOS code/ Notes
endorsement, activity section/appendix
aerial application rating Schedule 1 appendix R1–8
section R AA1-AA6
Schedule 2 section 2.3
section 5
Schedule 3
section 2
aeronautical radio Schedule 2 C3
operation section 2
air transport pilot licence Schedule 1 appendix K.1
(ATPL) section K
aircraft rating standards Schedule 2 A1-TRFE
section 4
aircraft type ratings Schedule 3 TYPA
section 3.2
aviation English language Schedule 2 AEL
proficiency section 1
commercial pilot licence Schedule 1 appendix I.1
(CPL) section I
common standards Schedule 2 C1-MCO
section 2
design feature Schedule 2 DFE1-DFE9
endorsements section 4
dictionary of Schedule 1 see section 1A for a full list
abbreviations section 1A of aviation abbreviations

flight activity Schedule 1 appendix S1–9

endorsement standards section S FAE1–8
Schedule 2
section 6
flight examiner rating Schedule 1 appendix U1–12
section U FER
Schedule 2 section 2.8
section 5
Schedule 3
section 2
flight instructor ratings Schedule 1 appendix T1–23
and endorsements section T FIR1–9
Schedule 2 section 2.4
section 5
Schedule 3
section 2

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248 | Appendix D Part 61 Manual of standards references

Licence, rating, MOS Schedule Relevant MOS code/ Notes

endorsement, activity section/appendix
floating hull endorsement Schedule 1 appendix L.11
section L
floatplane endorsement Schedule 1 appendix L.12
section L
foreign licence conversion Schedule 3 aeronautical knowledge
section 4 standards for conversions

gas turbine engine Schedule 1 appendix L.8

endorsement section L
general English language Schedule 2 GEL
proficiency section 1
instrument rating Schedule 1 appendix M1–10
standards section M-N appendix N1–22
Schedule 2 CIR-PIF
section 5 section 2.1–3
Schedule 3
section 2
low-level rating and Schedule 1 appendix Q1–9
endorsements section Q LLA-LLW
Schedule 2 section 2.6
section 5
Schedule 3
section 2
manual pitch propellor Schedule 1 appendix L.7
endorsement section L
multi-crew pilot licence Schedule 1 appendix J.1
(MPL) section J
multi-engine centreline Schedule 1 appendix L.9
thrust endorsement section L
multi-engine class rating Schedule 1 appendix L.4
section L
multi-engine type rating Schedule 1 appendix L.17
section L
navigation and Schedule 2 NAV-OGA
instrument flying section 3
standards
night VFR rating Schedule 1 appendix O.1–7
section O NVR1–3
Schedule 2 section 2.6
section 5
Schedule 3
section 2
operational ratings and Schedule 2 section 4
endorsements

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Licence, rating, MOS Schedule Relevant MOS code/ Notes

endorsement, activity section/appendix
pressurisation system Schedule 1 appendix L.10
endorsement section L
private pilot licence (PPL) Schedule 1 appendix H1
section H
recreational pilot licence Schedule 1 appendix G.1-G.8
(RPL) section G
retractable undercarriage Schedule 1 appendix L.6
endorsement section L
single-engine class rating Schedule 1 appendix L.1
section L
single-engine type rating Schedule 1 appendix L.15
section L
tailwheel aeroplane Schedule 1 appendix L.5
endorsement section L

Aeronautical examinations table Schedule 4

Examination relevant MOS section appendix notes

ADF conversion 3 4.1
aerial application rating 1 2.3
ATPL 1 1.4
CPL 1 1.2
flight instructor rating 1 2.4
foreign licence conversion 3 3.1–3.2
MPL 1 1.3
PIFR 1 2
PPL 1 1.1
RPL 1 1.0

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250 | Appendix D Part 61 Manual of standards references

Aeronautical knowledge standards table – Schedule 3

subject exam code relevant MOS section notes

aerial application endorsement AAGR 2.3
Aerodynamics AD 1.3
ATPL aircraft general knowledge AG 1.4
ATPL performance and loading PL 1.11

basic aeronautical knowledge BAK 1.1

class ratings MECR 3.1
examiner rating FERC 2.8
flight planning FP 1.10
flight rules and air law FR 1.5
foreign licence conversion CPL/MPL/ATPL 4.1–4.2
general aeronautical knowledge AK 1.2
human factor and principles HF 1.6
instructor ratings FIRC 2.4
instrument rating IREX 2.1
low-level rating LLLR 2.5
meteorology MT 1.8
navigation NV 1.7
night VFR rating NVFR 2.7
night visioning images systems NVIS 2.6
rating
operations, performance and OP 1.9
planning
private IFR rating PIFR 2.2
type ratings TYPA 3.2

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 Appendix E Part 61 Exemptions included in this guide | 251

Appendix E: Part 61 Exemptions included in this guide

Exemption/Instrument Repeal Date Section in this guide
CASA 09/19 Civil Aviation (Community Service 18 March 2025 section 1.31
Flights – Conditions on Flight Crew Licences)
Instrument 2019
CASA 59/21 Part 2 Flight Training and Flight Tests 31 August 2024 section 8.8
(Miscellaneous) Approvals 2021
CASA EX138/21 Aeronautical Knowledge 15 September 2024 section 2.9
Examinations (Extension of Time Due to COVID–19)
Exemption 2021
CASA EX42/22 Flight training and test (low-fidelity 30 April 2025 sections 5.4, 11.12,
simulators) Exemption 2022 11.13, 12.7
CASA EX64/22 – Flight Training and Flight Tests 31 August 2025 sections 11.7, 11.12
by Grade 1 Training Endorsement Holders
(Exemptions and Approvals) Instrument 2022
CASA 05/23 Flight Training and Flight Tests 28 February 2026 sections 7.7, 7.8
for Grant of Aerial Mustering Endorsements
Approval 2023
CASA EX28/23 Class 1 Medical Certificate (Certain 28 February 2026 section 2.7
Flights by Holders of a Commercial Pilot Licence or
Air Transport Pilot Licence) Exemption 2023
CASA EX88/23 Overseas training and assessment, 31 August 2026 sections 16.2, 16.4
and instrument proficiency check exemption 2023
CASA EX01/24 Flight Crew Medical Status (Class 5 08 February 2027 section 2.7
Medical Self-declaration) Exemption 2024
CASA EX07/24 Low-level Operations (Air Displays 31 January 2027 sections 1.33, 7.9
and Aerobatic Manoeuvres) Exemption 2024
CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing and 31 May 2027 sections 1.28, 2.4, 2.7,
Other Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions) 4.13, 4.14, 5.3, 5.4. 5.5,
Instrument 2024 7.6, 7.10, 11.7, 11.9,
11.10, 12.10, 17.2, 18.3

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252 | Appendix F CASA EX32/24 FLIGHT CREW LICENSING AND OTHER MATTERS (MISCELLANEOUS EXEMPTIONS)

Appendix F: CASA EX32/24 Flight Crew Licensing and

Other Matters (Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument
2024 Part 8 – Multi‑crew cooperation training
Reference within this guide is made to Appendix F as is appropriate.
This appendix applies if you are seeking or are entitled to an exemption to the undertaking of a
training course in multi-crew cooperation.
Federal Register of Legislation - CASA EX32/24 — Flight Crew Licensing and Other Matters
(Miscellaneous Exemptions) Instrument 2024

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 Appendix G Forms | 253

Appendix G: Forms
Form Form name Use Guide Link
number section
1162 ARN Application To apply for an Section 1.17
aviation reference
number (ARN)
61–9R Completing the Licence Reprint Requesting a Section 1.20
Form preprint of your
licence
61-PLA Pilot Licence Application – Applying for a Section 1.21
Australian Civil Trained. pilots licence online
section
61-FER Application of enrolment flight Applying for a flight Section 12.2
examiner rating course examiner rating
course.
61–9TX Recognition and transfer CAR Part 5 To transition your Section 13.2
qualification CAR Part 5 licence
to a Part 61 licence
61–9PIC Lodgement of current photo with Lodging a new Section 13.2
CASA form photo with CASA
for identification
purposes
61–2FF Transition of pilots authorised to To transition to Section 13.10
conduct firefighting operations. firefighting ops
61–4a Flight crew licence application on Applying for an Section 16.2
basis of overseas civil qualifications Australian licence
(Part A) with overseas
qualifications
61–4COV Certificate of Validation Application Applying for a CoV Section 16.3
760 TTMRA Application Applying for an Section 17.2
Australian CPL or
ATPL
61–1ADF Flight Crew Licence Application Apply for a civilian Section 18.3
flight crew licence

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254 | Appendix G Forms

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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casa.gov.au