GOLDENGATE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
Battisputali, Kathmandu
Lab Report
on
Spreadsheet
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Name: Manish Shrestha Computer Science Department
Roll No.: 09 Goldengate International College
BBM, 5th Semester Date: 2081/04/
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1
LAB WORK................................................................................................................12
REFERENCE.............................................................................................................14
INTRODUCTION
MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic
spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing data, graphically
representing data(s), and performing different calculations. It consists of 1048576
rows and 16384 columns; a row and column together make a cell. Each cell has an
address defined by column name and row number example A1, D2, etc. This is also
known as a cell reference.
Features
1. Data Organization
Cells, rows, and columns for organizing data.
Support for various data types including text, numbers, and dates.
2. Formulas and Functions
Built-in formulas for mathematical, statistical, financial, and
logical operations.
Ability to create custom formulas.
3. Data Analysis Tools
PivotTables and PivotCharts for summarizing and analyzing data.
Data validation and conditional formatting.
4. Charts and Graphs
Wide variety of chart types including bar, line, pie, scatter, and more.
Customizable chart elements and styles.
5. Data Import and Export
Import data from various sources such as databases, web pages, and other file
formats (CSV, TXT).
Export data to different formats including PDF and HTML.
6. Collaboration and Sharing
Shared workbooks and real-time collaboration via cloud services
like OneDrive or SharePoint.
Track changes and comments.
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7. Automation
Macros and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) for automating
repetitive tasks and custom functionalities.
8. Templates
Pre-built templates for various business, financial, and personal needs.
9. Data Filtering and Sorting
Advanced filtering options and sorting to manage large datasets effectively.
10. Integration
Integration with other Microsoft Office applications (Word, PowerPoint)
and third-party tools.
Advantages
1. Versatility
Suitable for a wide range of tasks from simple budgeting to complex
data analysis and reporting.
2. User-Friendly Interface
Intuitive interface with a grid layout that is easy to navigate.
3. Advanced Analytical Tools
Powerful features for data analysis, including PivotTables, charts, and built-in
functions.
4. Customization
High level of customization for formulas, charts, and data presentations.
5. Collaboration
Effective tools for collaborative work, including real-time editing and
sharing capabilities.
6. Automation
Automation of repetitive tasks through macros and VBA
enhances productivity.
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7. Widely Used and Supported
Extensive community support and numerous resources for learning and
troubleshooting.
Disadvantages
1. Complexity
Advanced features and formulas can be complex and require a steep
learning curve.
2. Performance Issues
Large datasets or complex formulas may slow down performance and increase
file size.
3. Error Prone
Manual data entry and formula errors can lead to inaccuracies, especially
in large spreadsheets.
4. Limited Data Handling
Not ideal for handling very large datasets compared to specialized
database systems.
5. Compatibility Issues
Differences in versions or compatibility with other software can lead
to formatting and functionality issues.
6. Cost
Requires a paid license for Microsoft Office, although there are
free alternatives like Google Sheets with fewer features.
7. Security Concerns
Sensitive data in spreadsheets may be vulnerable if not properly
protected, especially when shared or stored in unsecured environments.
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What is MS Excel
Microsoft Excel is a software application designed for creating tables to input and
organize data. It provides a user-friendly way to analyze and work with data. The
image below provides a visual representation of what an Excel spreadsheet typically
appears like
Excel Interface
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What is a Cell
A spreadsheet takes the shape of a table, consisting of rows and columns. A cell is
created at the intersection point where rows and columns meet, forming a rectangular
box. Here’s an image illustrating what a cell looks like:
What is Cell Address or Cell Reference
The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is known as Cell reference. It helps
the software to identify the cell from where the data/value is to be used in the formula.
We can reference the cell of other worksheets and also of other programs.
Referencing the cell of other worksheets is known as External referencing.
Referencing the cell of other programs is known as Remote referencing.
There are three types of cell references in Excel:
Relative reference.
Absolute reference.
Mixed reference.
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Features of MS Excel
Ribbon
The Ribbon in MS-Excel is the topmost row of tabs that provide the user with
different facilities/functionalities. These tabs are:
Home Tab
It provides the basic facilities like changing the font, size of text, editing the cells in
the spreadsheet, auto sum, etc.
Insert Tab
It provides the facilities like inserting tables, pivot tables, images, clip art, charts,
links, etc.
Page layout
It provides all the facilities related to the spreadsheet-like margins, orientation,
height, width, background etc. The worksheet appearance will be the same in the hard
copy as well.
Formulas
It is a package of different in-built formulas/functions which can be used by user just
by selecting the cell or range of cells for values.
Data
The Data Tab helps to perform different operations on a vast set of data like analysis
through what-if analysis tools and many other data analysis tools, removing duplicate
data, transpose the row and column, etc. It also helps to access data(s) from different
sources as well, such as from Ms-Access, from web, etc.
Review
This tab provides the facility of thesaurus, checking spellings, translating the text, and
helps to protect and share the worksheet and workbook.
View
It contains the commands to manage the view of the workbook, show/hide ruler,
gridlines, etc, freezing panes, and adding macros.
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How to Create a New Spreadsheet
In Excel 3 sheets are already opened by default, now to add a new sheet:
In the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find a button.
Click on that button to add a new sheet.
We can also achieve the same by Right-clicking on the sheet number before which
you want to insert the sheet.
Click on Insert.
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Select Worksheet.
Click OK.
How to Open an Existing Worksheet
On the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find the name of the current sheet you have
opened.
On the left side of this sheet, the name of previous sheets are also available like Sheet
2, Sheet 3 will be available at the left of sheet4, click on the number/name of the sheet
you want to open and the sheet will open in the same workbook.
For example, we are on Sheet 4, and we want to open Sheet 2 then simply just click
on Sheet2 to open it.
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Managing the Spreadsheets
You can easily manage the spreadsheets in Excel simply by :
Simply navigating between the sheets.
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Right-clicking on the sheet name or number on the pane.
Choose among the various options available like, move, copy, rename, add, delete etc.
You can move/copy your sheet to other workbooks as well just by selecting the
workbook in the To workbook and the sheet before you want to insert the sheet
in Before sheet.
How to Save the Workbook
Click on the Office Button or the File tab.
Click on Save As option.
Write the desired name of your file.
Click OK.
How to Share your Workbook
Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.
Click on the share workbook (under Changes group).
If you want to protect your workbook and then make it available for another user then
click on Protect and Share Workbook option.
Now check the option “Allow changes by more than one user at the same time. This
also allows workbook merging” in the Share Workbook dialog box.
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Many other options are also available in the Advanced like track, update changes.
Click OK.
MS-Excel Shortcuts
Ctrl+N: To open a new workbook.
Ctrl+O: To open a saved workbook.
Ctrl+S: To save a workbook.
Ctrl+C: To copy the selected cells.
Ctrl+V: To paste the copied cells.
Ctrl+X: To cut the selected cells.
Ctrl+W: To close the workbook.
Delete: To remove all the contents from the cell.
Ctrl+P: To print the workbook.
Ctrl+Z: To undo.
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LAB WORK
Creating and Managing Worksheets
Worksheets are the fundamental units of an Excel workbook where data is entered
and analyzed. In this section, we learned how to create new worksheets, rename them,
and navigate between multiple worksheets within a single workbook. Managing
worksheets effectively involves grouping them, protecting them with passwords, and
using templates to standardize their layout and structure.
Creating new worksheet.
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1. Mathematic Function, Date and Time Function and Statistical Function
Formula:
Mathematic Function
Sum:=SUM(E2:E6)
Subtract: =E2-E6
Division: =E6/E5
Square Root: =SQRT(E6)
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Statistical Function
Count: =COUNT(E2:E6)
Maximum Value: =MAX(E2:E6)
Minimum Value: =MIN(E2:E6)
Average Number: AVERAGE(E2:E6)
Date and Time Function
Date and Time: =NOW()
2. Text/ String Function
Formula:
Left: =LEFT(B5,5)
Right: =RIGHT(B6,4)
Middle: =MID(B6,2,3)
Upper: =UPPER(B6)
Lower: =LOWER(B6)
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3. Creating a Marksheet ledger of 5th Sem using Logical Function
Formula:
Total: =SUM(C5:E5)
Result: =IF(AND(C5>=50,D5>=50,E5>=50),"Pass","Fail")
Percentage: =IF(G5="Pass",F5/3, "*")
Division: =IF(H5="*","No
Division",IF(H5>=80,"First",IF(H5>=70,"Second",IF(H5>=50,"Pass"))))
Remark: =IF(I5="First", "Outstanding",IF(I5="Second","Good",IF(I5="No
Division","Bring Parent")))
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4. Creating a Bill sample
Formula:
Amount: =D5*E5 (Qty*Rate)
Total Amount: =SUM(F5:F13)
Discount 10%: =F15*10%
VAT 13%: =F15*13%
Net Amount: =F15-F16+F17
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5. Creating a Salary Ledger of Laxmi Sunrise Bank
Formula:
Allowance: =IF(D8="Married",12%*E8,8%*E8)
SSF: =E8*0.2
TDS: =IF(C8="Manager",7%*E8,IF(C8="Asst.
Manager",6%*E8,IF(C8="Teller",5%*E8,IF(C8="Loan
Manager",5%*E8,IF(C8="Front Desk Officer",3%*E8,IF(C8="Security
Guard",1%*E8))))))
Net Salary: =E8+F8+G8-H8
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6. Data Presentation in Different Chart
i. Pie Chart
Items Percentage
Food 45
Rent 20
Cloth 15
Education 10
Health 10
Misc. 5
ii. Line Graph
No of teams in
Year Spring Autumn Winter Summer
2021 50 73 75 37
2022 66 71 84 48
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iii. ogive Curve
Less than More
Height Person(F) LCB UCB CF than CF
62 to 63 2 62 63 2 50
63 to 64 6 63 64 8 48
64 to 65 14 64 65 22 42
65 to 66 16 65 66 38 28
66 to 67 8 66 67 46 12
67 to 68 3 67 68 49 4
68 to 69 1 68 69 50 1
Sum 50
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iv. Box and Whisker Plot
Measure Value Function
Minimum 11.2
Q1 14.825 QUARTILE.INC(B31:B45,1)
Q2 17.55 QUARTILE.INC(B32:B45,2)
Q3 21.05 QUARTILE.INC(B32:B45,3)
Maximum 32.2
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v. Scatter Diagram
Time(hours per day) GPA
1.4 3.91
5 3.2
5.2 3.15
3.4 3.3
2.5 3.7
6.1 3
1.3 3.95
4.2 3.4
3.9 3.5
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vi. Histrogram
Income ('000 Rs)
12
16
60
45
34
19
40
60
35
54
39
23
27
29
30
37
35
30
45
42
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vii. Line Graph
Income ('000 Rs)
12
16
60
45
34
19
40
60
35
54
39
23
27
29
30
37
35
30
45
42
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viii. Stock
Symbol: Everest Bank Limited (EBL)
Date Open High Low Close
July, 26 619 619 600.1 616.9
July, 28 629.2 678.5 629.2 678.5
July, 29 692 700 660 664
July, 30 668 670 650 665
July, 31 668.9 681 665 677
August, 1 688 688 670 670.1
(Source: NEPSE)
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ix. Bar Graph
Type of Vehicle Frequency
Bus 3000
Car 2500
Bike 5000
Train 50
Plane 150
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CONCLUSION
The overall experience of the Excel lab was highly enriching, providing a
solid foundation in using Excel for various data management tasks. Key
learnings include:
Understanding the basic and advanced functionalities of Excel.
Developing proficiency in data entry, editing, and formatting.
Gaining the ability to use formulas and functions for efficient data
analysis.
Learning how to sort and filter data to extract meaningful insights.
Acquiring skills to create and manage tables for structured data
management.
Practicing real-world applications like marksheet and bill
preparation.
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REFERENCE
Introduction to MS Excel. (n.d.-a). Greeks for Greeks. Retrieved July 31, 2024,
from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-ms-excel/
Nepal Stock Exchange. (n.d.). NEPSE. Retrieved August 4, 2024, from
https://www.nepalstock.com/company/detail/137
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