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Transistor Basic

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13 views5 pages

Transistor Basic

Uploaded by

rotsenkyron
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DATE

BEGUN:
TRANSISTOR BASIC NAVARRO, ROTSEN
KYRON L.
CTU
BIT ELX l-M1 ( 1365703 ) MAIN CAMPUS

DATE CHECKED BY:


FINISHED: RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT #07 ELX DEV. INST & CKT
ELX - lll ( CT46 ) ORLANDO J.
1ST SEM. A.Y. 2024-2025 PADAL M. Ed.

1. Basic Introduction to the Transistor

The transistor is a semiconductor device that has revolutionized electronics since its
invention. Initially developed in the late 1940s, the invention is credited to William
Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain, who were researchers at Bell Labs. They
invented the first point-contact transistor in 1947, followed by Shockley's creation of the
junction transistor. This breakthrough transformed the world of electronics, allowing for
smaller, more efficient devices. The transistor quickly replaced vacuum tubes in most
electronic applications, leading to advancements in technology, miniaturization, and the
modern electronics industry.

History Timeline of the Transistor

2. Types of Transistors

a. Unipolar Transistor

 Function and Uses: Unipolar transistors, such as Field-Effect Transistors


(FETs), are used for switching and amplifying signals. They work based on the
electric field effect, requiring only a single type of charge carrier for operation.
 Schematic Symbol and Construction Diagram:

b. Bipolar Transistor

 Function and Uses: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are used for
amplification and switching. They require both types of charge carriers (electrons
and holes) for their operation, which makes them highly effective in certain circuit
designs.

3. Transistor Biasing

In transistor circuits, biasing is essential to establish the correct operating point.


Unipolar and bipolar transistors require different biasing techniques to function
optimally. Biasing circuits help control the current through the transistor, enabling it to
work effectively in various amplification and switching applications.

4. Two Types of Unipolar Transistor, Symbols, and Function of Each Electrode

Unipolar transistors include JFET (Junction Field-Effect Transistor) and MOSFET


(Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor).

 JFET:
o Symbol and Electrodes: Gate (G), Drain (D), and Source (S).
o Function of Each Electrode:
 Gate controls the current flow.
 Drain is where the current flows out.
 Source is where the current enters.
 MOSFET:

o Symbol and Electrodes: Gate (G), Drain (D), Source (S), and often Body
(B).
o Function of Each Electrode:
 Gate controls current with a small electric field.
 Drain and Source are similar to JFET.
 Body connects to the Source in some designs to prevent leakage

5. Two Types of Bipolar Transistor, Symbols, and Function of Each Electrode

Bipolar transistors are categorized as NPN and PNP transistors.

 NPN Transistor:
o Symbol and Electrodes: Collector (C), Base (B), and Emitter (E).
o Function of Each Electrode:
 Collector gathers current.
 Base controls current flow.
 Emitter emits charge carriers.

 PNP Transistor:
o Symbol and Electrodes: Collector (C), Base (B), and Emitter (E).
o Function of Each Electrode: Similar functions as the NPN but with
reversed current flow.
6. Types of Circuit Configurations for Unipolar Transistor and Schematic Diagram

Unipolar transistors have various configurations for different applications, including:

 Common Source (CS): High voltage gain, typically used for amplifiers.
 Common Drain (CD) or Source Follower: Used for impedance matching.
 Common Gate (CG): Used in high-frequency applications.

Space for Schematic Diagram: Common Source, Common Drain, and Common Gate
Configurations

7. Types of Circuit Configurations for Bipolar Transistor and Schematic Diagram

Bipolar transistors have three main configurations:

 Common Emitter (CE): Provides high gain in both current and voltage.
 Common Base (CB): Known for voltage gain but low current gain.
 Common Collector (CC) or Emitter Follower: Known for current gain and low
output impedance.

8. Common Troubles of Unipolar and Bipolar Transistors

Transistors can experience various issues, such as:

 Unipolar Transistors: May face gate leakage, thermal runaway in MOSFETs,


and problems with static sensitivity.
 Bipolar Transistors: Common issues include thermal runaway, saturation
issues, and leakage currents affecting operation.

Sources:
Sedra, A. S., & Smith, K. C. (2015). Microelectronic Circuits.
Horowitz, P., & Hill, W. (2015). The Art of Electronics (3rd Edition). Cambridge University
Press.

IEEE Xplore Digital Library

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