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2020 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (2020) 012004 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012004
Research on Key Technologies of Wave Energy Power
Generation System
Yu Huang*
School of Naval Architecture and Mechanical-electrical Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean
University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Most of the surface of the earth is occupied by oceans, and huge energy is stored in
the oceans. Among marine energy sources, wave energy, tidal energy, tidal current energy, etc.
are included. As a widely distributed, high energy density, pollution-free and environmentally
friendly renewable energy source, ocean wave energy attaches great importance to ocean energy
in most countries in the world. Compared with wind power and photoelectricity, the utilization
of ocean energy with wider distribution and greater energy density is still lagging behind. Ocean
wave energy power generation mainly refers to the use of corresponding technical equipment to
convert the powerful kinetic energy of ocean waves into electrical energy. In view of the current
tight supply of traditional energy, it can effectively relieve the problem, promote the
development of marine resources and improve the environment. Therefore, this paper studies the
wave power generation technology. First, the article analyzes the system principle of using wave
energy to generate electricity, introduces several commonly used wave energy conversion
devices, and then studies its power generation technology from the aspect of control strategy, so
as to maximize the energy conversion power in the wave energy generation process. It will
maximize the conversion of wave energy to electrical energy.
1. Introduction
As we all know, the treasures in the ocean are inexhaustible and inexhaustible. In the ocean, it not only
contains a lot of clean and renewable energy, but also contains many other types of resources, such as
various types of marine life, many chemical elements dissolved in seawater, various mineral resources
deposited on the bottom of the ocean, and huge reserves [1]. Natural gas and oil resources, etc., these
resources cannot be developed without humans and equipment. Strengthen the full utilization of ocean
wave energy and convert the wave energy into electrical energy, which can play a good role in protecting
the ecological environment of the ocean. The demand for electrical energy resources has effectively
alleviated the progress of electrical energy resources [2]. The obtained electrical energy is provided to
relevant equipment, so as to efficiently develop other resources in the ocean, and realize the purpose of
utilizing ocean energy to develop ocean resources for the benefit of mankind.
Comprehensive consideration of wave resources, ocean engineering, operation and maintenance and
other factors, the power supply capacity of a single wave energy device is limited. In order to meet the
increasing demand for electricity from isolated users at sea, it is one of the effective ways to deploy
wave energy device groups and establish wave energy power plants. The wave motion has reciprocating
characteristics, and the output power of the wave energy device fluctuates greatly [3]. The isolated users'
microgrids, such as islands, are very small in size, and their ability to resist power supply shocks is very
limited. Therefore, the grid-connected access mode of wave energy plant group, the stable power supply
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2020 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (2020) 012004 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012004
mode of wave energy plant, the characteristics of the power generation system of wave energy plant,
the feed-network converter and its control strategy, and the monitoring of wave energy plant are all the
key technologies to be solved urgently in the establishment of wave energy plant [4]. In this paper, the
principle of wave power generation and the control strategy for maximum wave energy capture are
studied, and some results have been achieved.
2. Working Principle of Wave Energy Power Generation System
Taking the most common type of hydraulic energy storage as an example, its components include
hydraulic cylinders, accumulators, hydraulic motors, oil tanks, generators, power converters and loads
[5]. Its working principle is shown in Figure 1.
Hydraulic energy storage system Hydraulic power generation system
Energy
Wave bobber Load
storage
Hydraulic
Overflow
Autonomous
valve device
System
Converter
Hydraulic
cylinder
Oil storage Hydraulic
Generator
equipment motor
Fig. 1 Structure of wave energy power generation system
From the perspective of the basic composition of the wave energy power generation system, it is
mainly composed of a hydraulic energy storage subsystem and a hydraulic power generation subsystem
[6]. The main work of the former is to continuously collect the mechanical energy contained in the
undulating waves; the main work of the latter is to convert these collected mechanical energy into
electrical energy and output it to the grid.
Due to the existence of the accumulator, the hydraulic energy storage system can still maintain a
relatively stable and regular energy storage characteristic under the condition of continuous wave
changes, so that the wave conditions and the power generation process are decoupled from each other,
which is conducive to simulation modeling [7].
The principle of wave energy conversion generator is consistent with the law of conservation of
energy, that is, the continuous wave of the wave is used to drive the power generation device to move
the captured wave energy to move the internal devices of the device, and the wave kinetic energy is
converted into the mechanical energy of the moving parts in the device, which is then The electric energy
is transmitted to the load. As shown in Figure 2, at present, wave energy generators can be divided into
three categories, hydraulic power generation, turbine power generation (water turbine / air turbine) and
direct drive linear power generation.
2
2020 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (2020) 012004 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012004
Ocean wave energy device
Hydraulic system Turbine Linear generator
Water turbine Air turbine
Fig. 2 A classification on wave energy converters by power-take-off mechanism
3. Design of the controller of the wave energy generation system
3.1. Controller Structure Design
In the system, the controller can perform power conversion. The controller is the most important part of
the system. In the actual project, the three-phase AC permanent magnet synchronous generator is
selected. Due to the instability of wave energy, the voltage output by the generator also fluctuates greatly
at different times [8]. Therefore, it cannot be directly used for the load, and needs to go through the
process of rectification, DC conversion and inverter. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of
power generation, the rectifier circuit uses a three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit.
In view of the non-linearity of wave energy generation and the wide range of output voltage, if you
want to stabilize the output voltage within a certain range, it is required that the conversion circuit must
also have the function of buck and boost. Buck and Boost circuits only have a single step-down and
step-up function, obviously cannot meet the stable output requirements. The traditional Buck-Boost
circuit, which is a single-switch converter, has the function of buck-boost at the same time. However,
because there is only one switch, the switching of the working mode fluctuates greatly, and the input
and output polarities are reversed [9]. The double inductance structure of the Cuk circuit complicates
the calculation of circuit parameters and increases the difficulty of circuit design. Some other isolated
conversion circuits need to add coupling devices such as transformers to increase the complexity of the
circuit.
Therefore, how to have both the buck-boost function and reduce the requirements on the device, as
well as the design difficulty and cost of the main circuit, is the key idea of the DC-DC converter circuit
design.
In this paper, a dual-tube H-bridge Buck-Boost circuit is adopted. This circuit has the advantages of
the same output polarity and wide voltage range. The circuit topology is shown in Figure 3, including
two switch tubes Q1, Q2, two fast recovery diodes D1, D2, input capacitor C1, output capacitor C2, and
an inductor L. Q1 and D1 form the step-down part, and Q2 and D2 form the step-up part. While meeting
the design needs, it also simplifies the circuit structure and parameter calculation process.
3
2020 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (2020) 012004 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012004
Q1 D2
Vo
Vin
L C2 R
C1
D1
Q2
Fig. 3 H-bridge Buck-Boost circuit topology
3.2. Maximum power tracking control based on Buck-Boost circuit
The block diagram of the maximum power tracking control based on the Buck-Boost circuit is shown
in Figure 4. The electric energy emitted by the linear motor is supplied to the buck circuit after being
rectified by an uncontrolled three-phase bridge, and the size of the output resistance of the motor is
regulated by controlling the switch of the buck circuit. The control parameter is the average power at
the load end, and its value is calculated by collecting the single-phase voltage and current of the motor.
After analyzing the change of average power by the hill climbing method, the required duty ratio of the
switch tube is obtained. This method can be used in the control system of the off-grid wave power
generation device [10].
Electromagnetic force
Permanent magnet Uncontroll
Buck
Float synchronous linear ed rectifier Load
circuit
generator bridge
Wave force
PWM
U
Voltage
sensor
Average P
Mountain
power
climbing
calculator
I
Current
sensor
Fig. 4 Block diagram of power tracking control based on Buck circuit
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2020 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (2020) 012004 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012004
4. Wave Energy Controller Buck-Boost Circuit Simulation
4.1. Work point selection
The parameters of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator are 690V, 1000rpm and
18kW. The working curve of the generator is shown in Figure 5.
(a) Full load voltage curve (b) Power curve
Fig. 5 Generator operating characteristic curve
4.2. Control strategy
In order to enable the H-bridge Buck-Boost main circuit to achieve the required performance indicators
of the system, it can achieve the effect of voltage stabilization under different working modes. And in
order to improve the stability and accuracy of the system, it is usually designed as negative feedback
closed-loop control. The design takes the dynamic model of the conversion circuit as the research object,
so it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the conversion circuit when there is small AC
disturbance and establish a mathematical model.
In the conversion circuit, the switch tube, freewheeling diode, filter capacitor, inductance, etc. are all
non-linear devices. These devices make the conversion circuit also have strong nonlinearity. To establish
a mathematical model for it, first of all, it must be linearized.
(1) In the switching cycle of the conversion circuit, the device variables in the circuit are averaged
to avoid ripples during switching affecting circuit analysis.
(2) The DC and AC components are used to represent each average variable, and after simplification,
the DC component is eliminated to obtain a small signal model containing only AC disturbances.
(3) Linearize the small signal model and replace the nonlinear system near the stable operating point
with a linear expression.
Figure 6 is the single-phase average generated power waveform based on the maximum power
tracking control algorithm of the Buck-Boost circuit. The average power is stable at about 70w. Without
the Buck circuit, the load of the linear generator is kept at 30Ω when the load resistance is 30 The
average power of the phase is shown in Figure 7. From the comparison of the two figures, it can be seen
that the maximum power tracking algorithm based on the Buck-Boost circuit achieves a more ideal
effect.
5
2020 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (2020) 012004 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012004
Fig. 6 Single-phase average power
Fig. 7 Single-phase average power when the load is 30Ω
The simulation results show that under different wave conditions, there is a unique load resistance
value to maximize the output power. Finally, the maximum power tracking control method based on the
buck-boost circuit is proposed. The buck-boost circuit is simply analyzed, and it is concluded that the
output resistance of the motor can be changed by changing the duty ratio of the switch tube. Using the
hill climbing method to verify the maximum power tracking simulation of the system, the simulation
results show that the MPPT algorithm based on the buck-boost circuit is feasible.
5. Conclusion
The technology of using wave energy to generate electricity has a history of hundreds of years, and it
has developed particularly rapidly in recent decades. From the perspective of development history, it
mainly includes theoretical research, device manufacturing, internal testing, external sea trials and other
stages. Compared with related research abroad, my country's research on this technology started
relatively late and the technology is not mature enough. However, in recent years, more attention has
been paid to the development and utilization of wave energy at the national level, making the
development in this field very rapid. There are many types of wave energy conversion devices. Each
device has advantages and disadvantages. First, in the target sea area, you should fully understand the
wave characteristics, and then select the appropriate type according to the wave characteristics of the
target sea area. In this paper, the generation power of the wave energy power generation system is
studied. Under the sea conditions where the wave frequency is large, it has a higher power generation.
It is hoped that the research in this paper will be helpful to the research of wave energy power generation
technology.
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2020 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (2020) 012004 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012004
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