CHAPTER II

HISTORY OF LODGING/ACCOMMODATION

Lodging
• Refers to renting of a short-term accommodation. it is important to people who often travel for business and
leisure is more than a day and need lodging for sleep, rest, food, safety, shelter from cold temperature or rain,
storage of luggage and access to common household functions.
• Can be classified into different types, such as hotels, motels, inns, homestay, and others.

1. HISTORY OF THE LODGING INDUSTRY – INTERNATIONAL

Ancient History

Classic Greek During the classic Greek and Roman days, hospitality been a part of certain religious that helped
and Roman Days with its development. They provided accommodations which were managed by slaves. Inns were
the large mansions.

Caravans crossing vast deserts stopped at caravansaries in the early days of the Near East. These
lodgings were surrounded by wide courtyards. There were basic constructions made up of four walls
that provided safety from raiding attackers who attacked at night.

Taverns and inns supplied lodging for travelling merchants, actors, and academics during final
year of Roman Empire. The lodgings were still basic

Marco Polo characterized “yams” (posthouse) as apartments fit for a king in his writing.

Bethlehem’s inn was the most well-known. The large crowds that have gathered to pay their share
had put a strain on the small town’s lodging industry.

Jacob and his brother are described in the Old Testament as travelling through Judea, stopping at
an inn, and foddering their mounts.
Middle Ages Not until 1473 did the term hostelers was used. It means “inn holders.” Nowadays, the Hostelers
mean guest who are staying at hostels. Depending on the hostel, it design is very classic and
standard as it is very simple, but it has traditional areas needed for accommodations like kitchen
and comfort room.
Colonial Period A public carriage service began operating in 1650. Coaches ran between major cities and stopped
wherever passengers requested, much to how bus lines do now.

Coach inns were built along the roadways, primarily at locations where horse teams were changed.
Such places are referred to as “inns” in the United Kingdom.

The key routes between important towns along the Atlantic Coast were dubbed post roads by the
United States Postal Service, which was founded in 1710.

Entrepreneurial farmers repurposed their farmhouses into inns as a result of the creation of these
post roads.
19 Century
th
During the 19th century, the hotel, motel industry had been influenced by the introduction of
railroads. As a matter of fact, when it was laid, deports hotels immediately become a hit. Some of
them were directly connected or adjacent to train stations
Spas and Resort Since Roman times, spas which are defined as mineral springs or pool believed to be medical or
wholesome, have been a popular tourist destination.
 Pleasant resorts arose as a result of the introduction of railroads. Saratoga Springs, located in New
York, was the most well-known spa in the 1830’s.

Rail connection has been added to spas in Baden, Germany, Marienbad, Bohemia, and Vichy,
France, which have been popular for years.
Modern-Day Nowadays, everything has been modernized due to the increasing rise of technology and demand.
Hotel Hotel owners and management must continouslty strive to develop their operations and facilities
as time goes by in order to stay on trend. There are several improvements nowadays which make
several hotels a big hit. Some of it are high tech furniture, extravagant rooms, and excellent views.

The Future of the Hotel Industry

The future of the hotel industry can be straightforward as many industries future also relies on it. It could be the
automation, which several hotels have been starting to utilize. It is a way of using robots as a substitute to manpower in
order to improve operations. it is a good thing and idea. However, manpower resources should not be extinguished
because they are a vital component of the hotel industries.

2. HISTORY OF LODGING IN THE PHILIPPINES

Oldest hotels in Manila

Manila Hotel The Manila Hotel, which was build in 1909, first opened its doors on July 4, 1912 to honor
America’s Independence.
Douglas McArthur stayed at the hotel from 1935 until 1941 while serving as the military advisor
to the Philippine Commonwealth.
Luneta Hotel The Luneta Hotel was designed by Spanish Architect Salvador Farre and was modeled by
European Hotels. The hotel was used as a prison for noncommissioned American officers during
World War II, but it escaped destruction during the Battle of Manila. The Red Cross used it as a
refugee center.
Marimar Hotel The five-story boutique hotel, which was worked during the 1930’s along Roxas Boulevard and
highlights ziggurat plan and misrepresented looks on its front and insides was built in the Art Deco
style. Many trust the Marimar Hotel to be a design gem, filling in as despairing token of Old Manila’s
allure and glitz. This antiquated lodging in Manila and is a top choice among vintage fans.
Rizal Park Hotel The former Army Navy Club, first opened in 1899, provided lodging for American servicemen
and travelers. The original structure was relocated several times from Bagumbayan to
Intramuros, and finally to T.M Kalaw.
In 1911, the Kalaw Extension was build. During the battle of Manila, the hotel was severely
damaged, but it was rebuilt and relaunched after the war. More family-oriented activities were
offered by a men’s service club. It operated activities as social club until the city government took
possession in the 1980s.

3. PRESENT CONDITION OF THE LODGING INDUSTRY

Nowadays, rooms offered are developing along with technology. Big hotels made sure that they keep up with the trends.

• They upgrade their rooms with the latest technology to offer the most convenient and comfortable stay in the
hotel.
• Five-star hotels that offer smart rooms or intelligent rooms are equipped with push button control for curtains,
coffee maker, and dimming of lights just right beside the bed.
• Online check-in was also introduced where guests can check in using their cellular phones, but later on, it was
removed due to safety issues.
• The room key card is now programmed to limit the access of each guest where he/she can only press the
elevator button of the floor where he/she is booked. Just in case he/she pressed the wrong button, the elevator
will not lift him/her to that flood. This designed for the safety purposes of each guest.
 Most of the tourist’s preference in hotels are changing due to social media, travel reviews, and influence of family
and friends. Each experience posted on social media by tourist creates impact on those who have plan on travelling. It
can be either good or bad, but social media motivates us to travel. Hotel room rates are also decreasing due to a tight
competition among online travel agencies, such as Agoda, Booking.com, Expedia and many more. Hotel revenue is also
affected. There are many channels that will entice the owners to go along with them with a higher percentage of
commission.

Emerging destinations must be ready to attract players to build hotel to accommodate the tourists according to
their development plans. After reaching the desired number of accommodations, they must again do the task analyst of
matching supply and demand and know when to limit and stop the development.

4. FUTURE OF THE LODGING INDUSTRY

The millennial travelers born in 1981 to 1996 are presumed to the be the largest hotel guests and will be the primary
consumer market in the next few years, they are the digital natives who missed the laid-back way of life that brings a
strong desire for local, cultural, and authentic experiences. On the other hand, they expect a highly personalized service.
Due to these fast-changing digital technologies and to be able to accommodate these primary markets, hoteliers are
doing their own innovations, renovations, designs, guest services and experiences for the upkeep of the business and
competitiveness while focusing on ethical path and smart features to satisfy these millennials.

Hospitality Industry look like in 2030

Hoteliers must be curious on how they might get affected and how to stay competitive in their businesses. The Lausanne
Report, EHL, in cooperation with hospitality experts, provides six theses on key hospitality trends that will impact the
industry by 2023, which are the following:

1. Shift of Market Power - Because the millennials, who are digital natives, will become the primary consumers
of hotels, the market power is now moving to them.
2. Vulnerability on the Rise – hospitality’s vulnerability to a variety of events could increase due to various factors
which might transform hospitality into fragile business. One good example is due to climate change since many
dangerous threats have been occurring. To create resilience, the industry will need to focus on security planning,
stress test, and securing the infrastructure. These preparations can make the tourists feel safe and secure to
travel and stay in your hotel. However, although hotels choose to be resilient, it is still not a guarantee in
encouraging guest to travel.
3. In Search of Sense of Belonging
-The human factor is a science of understanding what affect our performance and behavior in the
workplace. It allows us to learn how we can work both mentally and physically and how we can create a
strategic design for our work environment and system to maximize guests care, safety and staff well-
being.
- Human factor is the primary and vital element for the development of the hospitality industry. Human
beings need to feel this sense of belongingness. Thus, hospitality business needs to be able to meet and
incorporate the demands of individuals and society.
-In the industry, human factors (also known as ergonomics) is the study of how humans behave
physically and psychologically in relation to particular environments, products, or services. Human has
its own limit; thus, human commit errors.
4. Emotional Experience – the highest challenge of hospitality managers of the future is to improve the intangible
guest experience, which involves views and emotions. Each customers reacts differently based on the experience
he/she has had in your hotel; therefore, managers must be create a memorable experience. In this digital world,
people desire for balance. In order to meet their expectations, touching their emotions is a mutual.
5. Smart Hotels Depend on Smart Destinations – destinations must provide a main airport hub connected to high-
speed ground transportation to link city clusters. This hotel must allow seamless door-to-door travel and provide
access and individual security. Since there is an increase in international travel as work from home is being
 practiced, there will also be reduction of resource due to balancing, sensors, and forecasting. As expected in the
years to come, there will by highly networked urban security measures, smart grid as independent power plant,
and digitization of energy supply chain.
6. Scope of knowledge – a competent general manager must possess certain characteristics towards employees
and guests to create an excessive general ambiance. If the manager treats employees well and fairly, they will
most probably do their job well, and in most cases, they exceed their performance from what is expected.
Effectiveness and efficiency are also pivotal in every operation.

Key Players in the Lodging Industry

The Hotel industry is one of the most important part of the service industry, catering to customers who need an
overnight accommodation. this industry is associated with the travel industry and the hospitality industry. The hotel
industry is the section of the service industry that deals with guest accommodation or lodging. It refers not only to hotels,
but also to many other forms of overnight accommodations, such as condo hotels, boutique hotels, motels, inns and
guesthouses. In engaging in the hotel industry, the hotel management must clearly identify the key planners of the
industry in order to achieve success in business, as well as in providing hospitality to all of its guests.

Roles of the Key Players in the Lodging Industry

Global Hotelier - refers to the expert on how to meet the growing demands of tourists, as well as the abilities and attitudes
that must be acquired to compete in the market. With the global market shifting toward
competency-based management, future hoteliers will only be able to advance up the corporate
ladder and prosper if they continue to develop on job-related abilities.
Hotel Guest – this refers to a person whose name and address are registered on the registry maintained by the hotel and
who is the bona fide occupant of a room of the hotel.

Three Common Classifications of the Hotel Guests:

1. Tourist – is visiting from out of town and wants to get the most out of his/her visit. During his/her leisure time, a
tourist will participate in several activities, will enjoy views, and will try several specialty dishes of the town he/she
is visiting.
2. Business Traveler – is the one who is visiting certain places to attend meetings, convention, seminars and etc.
3. Event Traveler – is the one who is traveling to attend an event. It can be a convention, meetings, seminars,
birthday, weddings and etc.

Four Basic Competencies of Global Hoteliers

1. Self-Management Competency - a global hotelier must be able to develop his/her self-awareness in order to
be able to successfully manage operations. Workers in the industry must display a high degree of reliability as a
result of mutual respect with their coworkers.
2. Communication competency – a global hotelier must be able to effectively communicate with his/her
colleagues and most importantly, with his/her guests. He/she must have excellent communication skills,
particularly when dealing with foreigners and must be able to communicate in a foreign language.
3. Multicultural competency – hoteliers from around the world must be able to work in a multicultural setting. They
must be able to comprehend various cultural, political, and economic contexts in order to communicate
effectively with coworkers and visitors.
4. Teamwork competency – global hoteliers must be able to work as a team. It is very important for hoteliers to be
able to socialize and work productively with other people.
Challenges Faced by Global Hoteliers

1. Customer expectations – as the demand on the hospitality industry rises, customers expectations also rise. It
can be a challenge to global hoteliers as they need to sustain or attain customers’ expectations and satisfactions
in order to improve marginal utility as well as to have satisfactory rating.
2. Technology – technology can be a challenge because when new technology is introduced, the former can be
easily replaced. Some hotels are not able to continuously improve technology on a very high technology hotel.
3. Marketing management – marketing is very important in every business as it attracts customers. In a service-
driven business, marketing is very crucial as customers tend to post ratings regarding the offered services. These
ratings are very crucial to a customer’s decision-making process when availing one’s services.

▪ To be able to complete with the growing hospitality industry, hoteliers must be competent in self-
management, communication, culture adaptation and teamwork.
▪ A hotel manager must also possess characteristics that will create a harmonious and profitable operation.
The following characteristics are: communication skills, interpersonal skills, being detail-oriented, leadership
skills, operational knowledge and flexibility.