BASKETBALL This is one important part in the game.

Every team
will have their own uniform, which includes a shirt
Basketball is a game played between two teams of
(jersey) and a pair of shorts, which will be
five players each on a rectangular court, usually
numbered on both the front and back sides (and
indoors. Each team tries to score by tossing the ball
sometimes with names printed on it) for quick and
through the opponent’s goal, an elevated horizontal
easy identification.
hoop and net called a basket.
The Basket
Basketball was invented by James Naismith on or
about December 1, 1891, at the International The Basket is the Goal in the game, and is made up of
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) a horizontal, circular metal rim with a net
Training School, Springfield, Massachusetts, where attached to it. This rim is mounted 10 feet (3.05 m)
Naismith was an instructor in physical education. above the court and 4 feet (1.2m) inside the
Basketball is the only major sport strictly of U.S. origin baseline.
(although Naismith was born in Canada).
Most Commonly Used Basketball Equipment and
Facilities and Equipment Facilities

Court The only essential equipment in a basketball game is

the basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular
The Floor / Court is a playing surface made of wooden
surface with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive
floorboard. In international games, the regulation
levels require the use of more equipment such as
basketball court is 28m x 15m (approximately 92 ft x
clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating
49 ft), whereas it is 29m x 15m (approximately 94 ft
possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-
x 50 ft) in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
clock systems. Main articles: Basketball (ball),
Ring and Backboard Basketball court, and Backboard (basketball)
Traditional eight-panel basketball.
The ring is made up of solid iron with 45 cm. diameter
attached to the board lying on a horizontal place BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
3.05 m. above the floor. Backboard is the firm
1. SHOOTING
rectangular board behind the rim. You would be able
 is the act of attempting to score points by
to see backboards made of glass, steel, aluminum and
throwing the ball through the basket. Methods
acrylic (clear and tinted). The heavier and thicker the
can vary with players and situations.
backboards are, the better the rebound effect will be.
The size of a backboard would usually be 1800mm KINDS OF SHOOTING
horizontally and 1050mm vertically.
1.a. Set shot/free throw is taken from a
Ball standing position, with neither foot leaving the
floor, typically used for free throws.
The basketball is an inflated sphere made of leather.
Leather basketball is those which are recommended 1.b. Jump shot is taken while in mid-air, when the
for indoor professional competitions, The rubber ball is released near the top of the jump.
covered basketballs are the ones which are used for
1.c. Layup this shot requires the player to be in
daily practices and play. A basketball usually weighs
motion toward the basket, and to lay the ball up
600 to 650 grams and is 75 to 78 cm in
and into the basket, typically off the backboard
circumference.
free, underhand version is called (a finger roll)
The size and weight of the basketball ball depends on
1.d. Slam Dunk the most crowd-pleasing and
who plays the game, If women are playing, the official
typically highest-percentage accuracy shot in
size of the basketball is 28.5" in circumference (which
which the player jumps very high and throws the
is size 6) and weighs 20 or, as opposed to 29.5"
ball downward, straight through the hoop.
circumference and 22 oz weight ball used for men's
games, Prior to the commencement of a match, the 1. e. Circus Shot is a low-percentage shot that is
referee will test the ball for suitability flipped, heaved, scooped or flung toward the hoop
while the shooter is off-balance, airborne, falling
Shoes
down, and/or facing away from the basket.
The shoes worn by basketball players are high-topped
1. f. A shot that misses both the rim and the
shoes made to facilitate higher ankle. Rubber shoes
backboard completely is referred to as an air ball,
The Uniform A Particularly bad shot, or one that only hits the
backboard, is called a brick.
KINDS OF PASS a. Air Dribbling- a ball handling drill executed to
master and acquaint you with the ball.
2. PASSING the ball is quickest and the most
effective way to get the ball from player to player. b. Straight Dribbling- it is the actual playing
skills used in this game.
1. Chest Pass is a staple pass. The ball is passed
directly from the passer's chest to the receiver's c.
chest A proper chest pass involves an outward
snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the
defense little time to react.

2. Bounce Pass the passer bounces the ball

crisply about two thirds of the way from his own
chest to the receiver. The ball strikes the court and
bounces up toward the receiver. The bounce pass
takes longer to complete than the chest pass, but
it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept
(kicking the ball deliberately is a violation), Thus,
players often use the bounce pass in crowded
moments, or to pass around a defender.

3. The overhead Pass used to pass the ball over

a defender. The ball is released while over the Zigzag Dribbling- a drill executed by running
passer’s head. alone the series.

4. The Outlet Pass occurs after a beam gets a Dunk, also known as a slam dunk, occurs when a
defensive rebound, The next pass after the basketball player puts the ball into the net after
rebound is the outlet pass. controlling the ball above the horizontal plane
extending from the rim. To dunk, a player leaps up
5. No look Pass the crucial aspect of any good into the air toward the basket and then puts the
pass is I being difficult to interpret. Good passers ball into the net.
pass the ball with great accuracy and they know
exactly where each of their other teammates RULES, REGULATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
prefers to receive the ball. A special way of doing USED IN BASKETBALL
this s passing the ball without looking at the THE RULES AND REGULATIONS
receiving teammate.
 A basketball team can have a maximum of
6. The behind-the-back pass-another advanced five players on the court.
style of passing as the description implies, involves  Player substitutions can be made at any time
throwing the ball behind the passer’s back to a and there is no restriction on the number of
teammate. substitutions made.
7. A “baseball” pass is a onehanded pass that is  A ball can travel through dribbling or passing. A
used to throw the ball long distances. When player is no longer able to dribble with the ball
throwing the pass, the person stands side on to once the player puts two hands on the ball.
their target and lifts the ball to just above their This does not include catching. At this
shoulder. Their passing hand is behind the ball, point, a player must either pass or shoot.
with their elbow pointing to the ground and the  If a team wins possession back in their own
other hand on the side of the ball. half, they have ten seconds to get it into their
opponent's end or a foul will be called.
3. DRIBBLING is the way to progress with the ball  An attacking team has 24 seconds
by an individual player, in order to get free from from gaining possession of the ball to shoot at
his opponent or to get in a good passing or the basket.
shooting position. Dribbling is the act of bouncing  After the shot is taken, the clock is restarted for
the ball continuously with one hand, and is a another 24 seconds.
requirement for a player to take steps with the  After a team scores a basket, the ball is
ball. To dribble, a player pushes the ball down returned back to the opposition to start again.
towards the ground with the finger tips rather than  All fouls that are committed throughout a game
patting it; this ensures greater control. are to be accumulated and when a certain
number is reached, the umpire will award a
free throw.
  Depending on where a technical foul is
committed, the umpire may award a number of Substitution – If a substitute player
free throws a player will receive. wishes to enter the game it is
 Violations can be awarded by the officials in indicated by having one hand facing
basketball for player handling errors. the time keeper, raised in a “stop”
These include travelling, double dribble, manner, and the other hand waving
goal-tending and back court violation. the substitute player into the game.
TYPES OF FOULS AND THEIR MEANING
PERSONAL FOULS: Basketball Foul Signals
Personal fouls include any type of When a player commits a personal foul, the
illegal physical contact. referee will give a specific signal to indicate the
 Hitting type of foul and which player has
 Pushing committed the foul.
 Slapping Player Control Foul (Charge) – One hand
 Holding on the back of the head and the other
pointing in the opposite direction of the
Basketball Referee Signals
play indicates a charge call has been made.
There are “Fouls” and there are “Violations”
Hand Check – When a player commits
Fouls are caused by physical contact (holding, a hand check foul, it is signaled by
pushing), or actions (acting out like you are going to having one arm extended in front of the
hit another player but you don’t) or even extreme chest with the fingers up, and the other
abusive yelling or cussing (technical foul). arm grabbing the wrist.
Violations are actions by players that break a
basketball rule – such as traveling, stepping on the Blocking – If a defensive player commits a
line, and back court. blocking foul the official will have both
hands, in fists, touching his hips, and his
elbows in tight against his body.
Time Management Signals
These officiating basketball hand signals are
Holding – The holding signal is made by
used to communicate between the referee and
having one arm extended upwards in
the time keeper in order to notify starting and
front of the face, and the other hand
stopping of the clock.
grabbing the wrist.
Stop Clock – To stop the clock at any point
Pushing – To signal a pushing foul, the
in the game, the referee will raise one
official will have both hands extended
hand straight over head with his palms
straight in front of him, with his palms
facing out and finger tips pointed.
facing outward.
Intentional Foul – When a player commits an
Start Clock – Beginning with one
intentional foul, the official will put both arms
hand raised above head, the start of
above his head and cross them.
the clock is indicated by dropping the
raised hand directly towards the floor.
Technical Foul – To signal a technical
Full Timeout – When an official
foul has occurred the referee will place
wishes to signal for a full
both his hands in front of him and put
timeout it is indicated by two arms
them in the formation of a letter “T”.
spread to the sides forming a “T”
shape.
Double Foul – If two players have
committed a foul at the same time, the
Thirty Second Timeout – To indicate a
referee will put both hands, in fists,
thirty second timeout has been called
extended out towards the sides.
by one of the teams, the official will take
both hands and place them on top of his
Illegal Hand Use – An illegal hand use foul
shoulders with his elbows out.
is signaled by the official putting both of
his hands in front of him, at waist level, and
Jump Ball – When both players have
grabbing one of his wrists with the other
control over the ball at the same time, it
hand.
is indicated by both thumbs pointing
upwards with arms extended.
Basketball Violation Hand Signals his hand back and forth from the middle of the
A violation is a rule which is broken, but it does not chest to straight in front continuously. Each
result in a player picking up a personal foul. The movement represents one second.
other team is awarded possession of the ball.
Traveling – When a player has committed a Basket Counts – To indicate a basket
traveling violation, the official will signal it counts, when a foul has also occurred,
by placing both of his hands in front of him the referee will drop his hand from
and moving them in a circle. shoulder height directly down.

Carrying or Palming – In order to signal Basket Does Not Count – To “wave off”
a palming or carrying violation, the a basket, or indicate it does not count
referee will have one hand at the side, because a foul has occurred, the referee
flipped over from palm up to palm down. will start with both hands at the
shoulders, elbows out, and extend hands
Double Dribble – The official will out directly towards the side.
signal a double dribble violation has
been committed by putting both of his Bonus Free Throws – When a
hands in front of him, with palms down, player at the free throw line is to be
and alternating them up and down, as if awarded a bonus free throw, the
dribbling a basketball. official will extend both of his arms
out to his sides completely straight and then move
Three Seconds – The official will indicate one up and down.
that a player has committed a three
second violation by having three fingers Lane Violation – If a player is shooting a
raised, and the hand makes a swiping free throw and a lane violation occurs, the
motion back and forth at the side. referee will signal it by raising one of his
arms out to his side and holding it there
Five Seconds – In order to signal a until the free throw is completed.
five second violation, the official will
have five fingers raised with arm
extended upward.
VOLLEYBALL
 Who invented volleyball?
Ten Seconds – The ten second violation is
William G. Morgan.
shown when the official has ten fingers
 Where and what year did volleyball originated?
raised with both arms extended upwards.
Holyoke, Massachusetts 1895
 What are the three basic movement patterns in
Kicking the Ball – When a
volleyball?
player kicks the ball, the referee will have
1.Serve and Block
one foot raised in front.
2. Defense and Passing

Hand signal Indicators 3. Service and Attack

These indicators allow officials to communicate  Identify the different facilities and equipment
information to the scorer’s table during the game. required in volleyball game.
Two Point Basket Scored – When a two-
point basket is scored, the official will 1. Court
extend one arm parallel to the floor and
2. Ball
point with two fingers.
3. Net and Posts
Three Point Basket Scored – The
official will extend both arms directly The game was first called "mintonette" and
upwards with fingers pointed to was originally designed to be played solely
signify that a player has scored a indoors on a hard floor.
Three Point Basket.

Counting – The referee indicates he is

counting for a timed violation by moving