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Report Script

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markjayson.villagracia
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ISOMETRY

: Hello everyone, good morning before I discuss the concept and definition of Isometry, let’s first
have its historical background, when and how it was formulated and who were the persons or
mathematicians behind this concept.

Historical Background:

Euclidian Geometry

In ancient cultures there developed a form of geometry suited to the relationships between
lengths, areas, and volume of physical objects. This geometry was codified by Euclid’s Element
about 300 BCE on the basis of 10 axioms or postulates.

: In ancient cultures, there developed a form of geometry suited to the relationships between
lengths, areas, and volumes of physical objects. This is called the Euclidian Geometry, Euclid
who is Greek Mathematician and known as the father of Geometry.

During the Renaissance period (1700’s), mathematicians began to formalize the concepts of
transformations in geometry. Leonhard Euler contributed to the understanding of geometric
transformations, including isometries by exploring the properties of shapes and their
movements. Around late 1700’s, the concept of isometric projection was first formalized by
Professor William Farish.

: It all started back in the 1700’s where several mathematicians, one of them was Leonhard
Euler, contributed in formalizing concepts in relation to geometry, mainly, the understanding of
geometric transformations including isometries.

: And In that late period, the concept of isometric projection was formalized by William Farish,
he is a british scientist and mathematician.

The formal definition of isometry emerged in 19th century. Mathematicians like Bernhard
Reimann and Henri Poincare’ explored the implications of isometries in context of metric spaces
and differential geometry, expanding the concept beyond simple geometric figures. The study of
isometries continued to evolve with the development of modern mathematics. The introduction
of topology and abstract algebra allowed for a deeper understanding of isometric
transformations in various mathematical contexts.

: Moving on, in the 19th century, Isometry already have its formal definition. And two
mathematicians at this time have explored and expanded the context of isometry. These are
Bernhard Reiman and Henri Poincare.

: and so the study of isometry continues to evolve along with the development of modern
mathematics.
The prefix iso means “equal or identical” and metry means “distance,” thus, the isometry means
equal distance.

: Isometry means equal distance… greek word…

Definition:
An isometry is a rigid transformation that preserves the length, angle, perimeter, and area. It is a
congruent transformation preserving distance between metric spaces.

: In simple terms, it is a transformation performed on an object that does not change its shape
or size.

Placing a piece of jigsaw puzzle is analogous to isometry in geometry

: one of the best example of isometry is playing a jigsaw puzzle, in which the change of an object
or an image is only with respect to the object’s position, direction, and orientation and not its
appearance form and size.

Rigid Motion in a Plane

A transformation maps an initial image (preimage) into a final image (image). The preimage and
image are congruent. The four basic types of transformations are: Translation, Reflection,
Rotation, and Dilation.

Note that all isometries are transformations, but not all transformations are isometries.
- Translations, Reflections, and Rotations are isometric.
- Dilations are not isometric.

: In transformation it has this preimage and image… congruent means having the same shape
and size… so there are 4 types of transformations… these are isometric, base sa akong ge ingon
kanina as per definition isometry only deals with the position, direction, and orientation.

: these 3 main forms of isometric transformations

TYPES OF ISOMETRIES

Translation
(figure slides in any direction)
A translation is a type of isometry where the change of the preimage occurs through a sliding
movement on a plane at any direction.

Reflection
(figure flips over a line)
A reflection is a type of isometry where the change of the preimage occurs through flipping over
a line reflection.

Rotation
(figure turns about a fixed point)

A rotation is a type of isometry where the change of the preimage occurs through moving
around a point in circular motion.

Dilation
(figure is enlarged or reduced)

A dilation is a type of transformation where the change of the preimage occurs by increasing or
decreasing its dimensions by scaling factors.

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