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Formulas

The document provides formulas for transformers and motors. 1. It lists formulas for calculating voltage, current, turns, and amperes in primary and secondary coils of transformers. 2. Formulas are also provided for calculating motor speed, braking torque, work, torque, full-load torque, horsepower, synchronous speed, and efficiency. 3. Common electrical formulas are summarized, including formulas for calculating amps, watts, voltage drop, efficiency, and power factor.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
122 views22 pages

Formulas

The document provides formulas for transformers and motors. 1. It lists formulas for calculating voltage, current, turns, and amperes in primary and secondary coils of transformers. 2. Formulas are also provided for calculating motor speed, braking torque, work, torque, full-load torque, horsepower, synchronous speed, and efficiency. 3. Common electrical formulas are summarized, including formulas for calculating amps, watts, voltage drop, efficiency, and power factor.

Uploaded by

zagaam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformer Formulas

Page 1 of 2

Here are some transformer formulas that may be useful.

Options:
- Useful Formulas - Motor Formulas To better understand the following formulas review the rule of transposition in equations. A multiplier may be removed from one side of an equation by making it a division on the other side, or a division may be removed from one side of an equation by making it a multiplier on the other side.

1. Voltage and Current: Primary (p) secondary (s)


Power(p) = power (s) or Ep x Ip = Es x Is

A. Ep =

Es x Is Es x Is B. Ip = Ip Ep Ep x Ip Ep x Ip C. Is = D. Es = Es Is

2.

Voltage and Turns in Coil:

Voltage (p) x Turns (s) = Voltage (s) x Turns (p) or Ep x Ts = Es x Ip

Es x Ip Es x Tp B. Ts = Ts Ep Ep x Ts Ep x Ts C. Tp = D. Es = Es Tp A. Ep =

3. Amperes and Turns in Coil:


Amperes (p) x Turns (p) = Amperes (s) x Turns (s)

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Transformer Formulas

Page 2 of 2

or Ip x Tp = Is x Ts

Is x Ts Is x Ts B. Tp = Tp Ip Ip x Tp Ip x Tp C. Ts = D. Is = Is Ts A. Ip =
For more Transformer Information Check out Useful Information.

Check out these Online Calculators!

If there is anything you would like to add or if you have any comments please feel free to email E.T.E. Back to Main Page

2007, Electricians Toolbox Etc...

Design by TC
Information found here was excerpted from Electrical motor Controls by Rockis & Mazur and Ugly's Electrical Refernece by Hart

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Motor Formulas

Page 1 of 6

Here are some motor formulas that may be useful.

Options:
- Useful Formulas Formulas - Transformer Formulas

Calculating Motor Speed: A squirrel cage induction motor is a constant speed device. It cannot operate for any length of time at speeds below those shown on the nameplate without danger of burning out. To Calculate the speed of a induction motor, apply this formula: Srpm = 120 x F P Srpm = synchronous revolutions per minute. 120 = constant F = supply frequency (in cycles/sec) P = number of motor winding poles Example: What is the synchronous of a motor having 4 poles connected to a 60 hz power supply? Srpm = 120 x F P Srpm = 120 x 60 4 Srpm = 7200 4 Srpm = 1800 rpm

Calculating Braking Torque:

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Motor Formulas

Page 2 of 6

Full-load motor torque is calculated to determine the required braking torque of a motor. To Determine braking torque of a motor, apply this formula: T = 5252 x HP rpm T = full-load motor torque (in lb-ft) 5252 = constant (33,000 divided by 3.14 x 2 = 5252) HP = motor horsepower rpm = speed of motor shaft Example: What is the braking torque of a 60 HP, 240V motor rotating at 1725 rpm? T = 5252 x HP rpm T = 5252 x 60 1725 T = 315,120 1725 T = 182.7 lb-ft

Calculating Work: Work is applying a force over a distance. Force is any cause that changes the position, motion, direction, or shape of an object. Work is done when a force overcomes a resistance. Resistance is any force that tends to hinder the movement of an object.If an applied force does not cause motion the no work is produced. To calculate the amount of work produced, apply this formula: W=FxD W = work (in lb-ft) F = force (in lb) D = distance (in ft) Example: How much work is required to carry a 25 lb bag of groceries vertically from street level to the 4th floor of a building 30' above street level? W=FxD W = 25 x 30 W = 750 -lb

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Motor Formulas

Page 3 of 6

Calculating Torque: Torque is the force that produces rotation. It causes an object to rotate. Torque consist of a force acting on distance. Torque, like work, is measured is pound-feet (lb-ft). However, torque, unlike work, may exist even though no movement occurs. To calculate torque, apply this formula: T=FxD T = torque (in lb-ft) F = force (in lb) D = distance (in ft) Example: What is the torque produced by a 60 lb force pushing on a 3' lever arm? T=FxD T = 60 x 3 T = 180 lb ft

Calculating Full-load Torque: Full-load torque is the torque to produce the rated power at full speed of the motor. The amount of torque a motor produces at rated power and full speed can be found by using a horsepower-totorque conversion chart. When using the conversion chart, place a straight edge along the two known quantities and read the unknown quantity on the third line. To calculate motor full-load torque, apply this formula: T = HP x 5252 rpm T = torque (in lb-ft) HP = horsepower 5252 = constant rpm = revolutions per minute Example: What is the FLT (Full-load torque) of a 30HP motor operating at 1725 rpm? T = HP x 5252 rpm T = 30 x 5252 1725

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Motor Formulas

Page 4 of 6

T = 157,560 1725 T = 91.34 lb-ft

Calculating Horsepower: Electrical power is rated in horsepower or watts. A horsepower is a unit of power equal to 746 watts or 33,0000 lb-ft per minute (550 lb-ft per second). A watt is a unit of measure equal to the power produced by a current of 1 amp across the potential difference of 1 volt. It is 1/746 of 1 horsepower. The watt is the base unit of electrical power. Motor power is rated in horsepower and watts. Horsepower is used to measure the energy produced by an electric motor while doing work. To calculate the horsepower of a motor when current and efficiency, and voltage are known, apply this formula: HP = V x I x Eff 746 HP = horsepower V = voltage I = curent (amps) Eff. = efficiency Example: What is the horsepower of a 230v motor pulling 4 amps and having 82% efficiency? HP = V x I x Eff 746 HP = 230 x 4 x .82 746 HP = 754.4 746 HP = 1 Hp Eff = efficiency / HP = horsepower / V = volts / A = amps / PF = power factor Horsepower Formulas To Find Use Formula HP = I X E X Eff. 746 Example Given 240V, 20A, 85% Eff. Find Solution HP = 240V x 20A x 85% HP 746 HP=5.5

HP

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Motor Formulas

Page 5 of 6

I = HP x 746 10HP, 240V, E X Eff x 90% Eff., 88% PF PF

I = 10HP x 746 240V x 90% x 88% I = 39 A

To calculate the horsepower of a motor when the speed and torque are known, apply this formula: HP = rpm x T(torque) 5252(constant) Example: What is the horsepower of a 1725 rpm motor with a FLT 3.1 lb-ft? HP = rpm x T 5252 HP = 1725 x 3.1 5252 HP = 5347.5 5252 HP = 1 hp

Calculating Synchronous Speed: AC motors are considered constant speed motors. This is because the synchronous speed of an induction motor is based on the supply frequency and the number of poles in the motor winding. Motor are designed for 60 hz use have synchronous speeds of 3600, 1800, 1200, 900, 720, 600, 514, and 450 rpm. To calculate synchronous speed of an induction motor, apply this formula: rpmsyn = 120 x f Np rpmsyn = synchronous speed (in rpm) f = supply frequency in (cycles/sec) Np = number of motor poles Example: What is the synchronous speed of a four pole motor operating at 50 hz.? rpmsyn = 120 x f Np rpmsyn = 120 x 50 4 rpmsyn = 6000

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Motor Formulas

Page 6 of 6

4 rpmsyn = 1500 rpm

Check out these Online Calculators!

If there is anything you would like to add or if you have any comments please feel free to email E.T.E. Back to Main Page

2007, Electricians Toolbox Etc...

Design by TC
Information found here was excerpted from Electrical motor Controls by Rockis & Mazur

07/12/10 04:43 PM

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Useful Formulas

Page 1 of 3

Here are some common formulas that are frequently used in the field.

Options:
- Motor Formulas - Transformer Formulas E = Voltage / I = Amps /W = Watts / PF = Power Factor / Eff = Efficiency / HP = Horsepower

AC/DC Formulas
To Find Amps when Horsepower is Known Amps when Kilowatts is known Amps when kVA is known Kilowatts Kilovolt-Amps Horsepower (output) Direct Current AC / 1phase 115v or 120v AC / 1phase 208,230, or 240v AC 3 phase All Voltages

HP x 746 E x Eff kW x 1000 E

HP x 746 HP x 746 HP x 746 E x Eff X PF E x Eff x PF 1.73 x E x Eff x PF kW x 1000 kW x 1000 kW x 1000 E x PF E x PF 1.73 x E x PF kVA x 1000 kVA x 1000 kVA x 1000 E E 1.73 x E IxE I x E x PF I x E x PF I x E x 1.73 PF 1000 1000 1000 1000 IxE IxE I x E x 1.73 1000 1000 1000 I x E x Eff I x E x Eff x PF I x E x Eff x PF I x E x Eff x 1.73 x PF 746 746 746 746

Three Phase Values


For 208 volts x 1.732, use 360 For 230 volts x 1.732, use 398 For 240 volts x 1.732, use 416 For 440 volts x 1.732, use 762 For 460 volts x 1.732, use 797 For 480 Volts x 1.732, use 831 E = Voltage / I = Amps /W = Watts / PF = Power Factor / Eff = Efficiency / HP = Horsepower

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Useful Formulas

Page 2 of 3

AC Efficiency and Power Factor Formulas


To Find Efficiency Power Factor Single Phase 746 x HP E x I x PF Input Watts VxA Three Phase 746 x HP E x I x PF x 1.732 Input Watts E x I x 1.732

Power - DC Circuits
Watts = E xI Amps = W / E

Ohm's Law / Power Formulas

P = watts I = amps R = ohms E = Volts

Voltage Drop Formulas


VD = Single Phase (2 or 3 wire) CM= VD= Three Phase CM=
2xKxIxL CM 2K x L x I VD K = ohms per mil foot (Copper = 12.9 at 75) (Alum = 21.2 at 75)
Note: K value changes with temperature. See Code chapter 9, Table 8

1.73 x K x I x L CM L = Length of conductor in feet I = Current in conductor (amperes) 1.73 x K x L x I VD CM = Circular mil area of conductor

Check out these Online Calculators!

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Useful Formulas

Page 3 of 3

If there is anything you would like to add or if you have any comments please feel free to email E.T.E. at http://www.elec-toolbox.com/email.htm. Back to Main Page

2007, Electricians Toolbox Etc...

Design by TC

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Conversion tool - Conversion table


[C] = [K] 273.15 [F] = [K] 95 459.67 [F] = [C] 95 + 32 [K] = [C] + 273.15 [C] = [N] 10033 [K] = [C] + 273.15 [K] = ([F] + 459.67) 59 [C] = ([F] 32) 59 [C] = [K] 273.15 [N] = [C] 33100

A Go to top of conversion tool page Conversion of atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres B Goto top of page Conversion of bars bars bars bars bars Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu/hr Btu/hr Btu/hr Btu per hr Btu/min Btu/min Btu/min Btu per min Btu per sq ft/min bushels To atmospheres dynes per sq cm kgs per sq meter pounds per sq ft pounds per sq in. Liter-Atmosphere ergs ft-lbs gram-calories hp-hrs joules kg-calories kg-meters kilowatt-hrs ft-pounds/sec gram-cal/sec horsepower watts ft-pounds/sec hp kw watts watts per sq in. liters Multiply By 0.9869 1,000,000 10,200 2,089. 14.50 10.409 10,550,000,000 778.3 252 0.0003931 1,054.8 0.2520 107.5 0.0002928 0.2162 0.0700 0.0003929 0.2931 12.96 0.02356 0.01757 17.57 0.1221 35.24 To Ton/sq inch cms of mercury ft. of water (at 4C) in. of mercury (at 0C) kgs per sq cm kgs per sq meter pounds per sq in. tons per sq ft Multiply By 0.007348 76.0 33.90 29.92 1.0333 10,332. 14.70 1,058

C Goto top of page Conversion of Calories, gram centimeters centimeters centimeters centimeters centimeters centimeters cm cm centimeters-dynes cm-dynes cm-dynes centimeters-grams cm-grams cm-grams cubic cm cubic cm cubic cm cubic cm cubic cm cubic cm cubic cm cubic cm cubic-ft cubic-ft cubic-ft cubic-ft cubic-ft cubic-ft cubic-feet cubic feet cubic feet cubic feet per min cubic feet per min cubic feet per min cubic feet per min cubic feet per sec cubic feet per sec cubic-inches cubic-inches cubic-inches cubic-inches cubic-inches To B.T.U. (mean) feet inches kilometers meters miles millimeters mills yards cm-grams meter-kgs pound-feet cm-dynes meter-kgs pound-ft cu-ft cu inches cu meters cu yards gallons liters pints (U.S. liq.) quarts bushels cu cms cu-inches cu-meters cu-yards gallons liters pints quarts cu cms per sec gallons per sec liters per sec pounds of water per min million gals per day gallons per min cu cms cu-feet cu meters cu-yards gallons (U.S. liq.) Multiply By 0.00039685 0.03281 0.3937 0.00001 0.01 0.000006214 10 393.7 0.01094 0.0001020 0.00000001020 0.00000007376 980.7 0.00001 0.00007233 0.0003531 0.06102 0.000001 0.000001308 0.0002642 0.001 0.002113 0.001057 0.8036 28,320.0 1,728.0 0.02832 0.03704 7.48052 28.32 59.84 29.92 472.0 0.1247 0.4720 62.43 0.646317 448.831 16.39 0.0005787 0.00001639 0.00002143 0.004329

cubic-inches cubic-inches cubic-inches cubic inches cubic inches cubic meters cubic meters cubic meters cubic meters cubic meters cubic meters cubic meters cubic meters cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards per min cubic yards per min cubic yards/min D Goto top of page Conversion of days drams drams drams Dyne per sq cm Dyne per sq cm Dyne/sq cm dynes dynes dynes dynes dynes dynes E Goto top of page Conversion of ergs ergs ergs

liters mil-feet pints quarts bushels cu cms cu feet cu inches cu yards gallons (U.S. liq.) liters pints (U.S. liq.) quarts (U.S. liq.) cu cms cu feet cu inches cu meters gallons liters pints (U.S. liq.) quarts (U.S. liq.) cubic ft per sec gallons per sec liters per sec

0.01639 106,100 0.03463 0.01732 28.38 1,000,000 35.31 61,023 1.308 264.2 1,000 2,113 1,057 764,600 27.0 46,656.0 0.7646 202.0 764.6 1,615.9 807.9 0.45 3.367 12.74

To seconds grams grains ounces Atmospheres Inch of Mercury at 0C Inch of Water at 4C grams joules/cm joules per meter kg poundals pounds

Multiply By 86,400.0 1.7718 27.3437 0.0625 9.869 x 10-7 00C.00002953 0.0004015 0.001020 0.0000001 0.00001 0.000001020 0.00007233 0.000002248

To Btu dyne-centimeters ft-pounds

Multiply By 9.480 x 10 E-11 1.0 0.000000007367

ergs ergs ergs ergs ergs ergs ergs ergs F Goto top of page Conversion of feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet of water feet of water feet of water feet of water feet of water feet of water feet per sec feet per sec feet per sec feet per sec feet per sec ft per sec ft-pounds ft-pounds ft-pounds ft-pounds ft-pounds ft-pounds ft-pounds ft-pounds G Goto top of page Conversion of gallons gallons gallons gallons gallons of water To

gram-calories gram-cms hp-hrs joules kg-calories kg-meters kw-hrs watt-hours

0.00000002389 0.001020 3.7250 x 10 E-14 0.0000001 2.389 x 10 E-11 0.00000001020 0.2778 x 10 E-13 0.2778 x 10 E-10

To centi-meters kilo-meters meters miles (naut.) miles (stat.) milli-meters mils atmospheres in. of mercury kgs per sq cm kgs per sq meter pounds per sq ft pounds per sq in. cms persec kms per hr knots meters/min miles/hr miles per min Btu ergs gram-calories hp-hrs joules kg-calories kg-meters kw-hrs

Multiply By 30.48 0.0003048 0.3048 0.0001645 0.0001984 304.8 12,000 0.02950 0.8826 0.03048 304.8 62.43 0.4335 30.48 1.097 0.5921 18.29 0.6818 0.01136 0.001286 13,560,000 0.3238 .0000005050 1.356 0.000324 0.1383 0.0000003766

Multiply By 0.004951 3.785 1.20095 0.83267 8.3453

cu yards liters gallons gallons pounds of water

gallons per min gallons per min gallons per min grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams per cu cm grams per cu cm grams per cu cm grams per liter grams per liter grams per liter grams per liter gram-calories gram-calories gram-calories gram-calories gram-calories gr-calories H Goto top of page Conversion of HP(horse-power) HP(horse-power) HP(horse-power) HP(horse-power) HP(horse-power) HP(horse-power) HP(horse-power) I Goto top of page Conversion of inches inches inches inches inches or mercury inches of mercury inches of mercury

cu-ft per sec liters per sec cu-ft/hr dynes grains joules/cm joules/m (newtons) kg milli-grams ounces (avdp) ounces (troy) poundals pounds pounds per cu ft pounds per cu in. pounds per mil-foot grains per gal pounds per 1,000 gal pounds per cu ft parts per million Btu ergs ft-pounds hp-hrs kw-hrs watt-hrs

0.0002228 0.06308 8.0208 980.7 15.43 0.00009807 0.009807 0.001 1,000. 0.03527 0.03215 0.07093 0.002205 62.43 0.03613 0.0000003405 58.417 8.345 0.062427 1,000 0.0039683 41,868,000 3.0880 0.0000015596 0.0000011630 0.0011630

To foot-lbs per min foot-lbs per sec kg-calories/min kilowatts watts Btu/hr kw

Multiply By 33,000 550 10/68 0.7457 745.7 33.479 9.803

To cm meters miles millimeters atmospheres feet of water kgs per sq cm

Multiply By 2.540 0.002540 0.00001578 25.40 0.03342 1.133 0.03453

inches of mercury inches of mercury inches of mercury inches of water (at 4C) inches of water (at 4C) inches of water (at 4C) inches of water (at 4C) inches of water (at 4C) inches of water (at 4C) J Goto top of page Conversion of joules joules joules joules joules joules K Goto top of page Conversion of kg kg kg kg kg kg kilograms kg per sq cm kg per sq cm kg per sq cm kg per sq cm kg per sq cm kg per sq cm kg per sq meter kg per sq meter kg per sq meter kg per sq meter kg per sq meter kg per sq in. kg-calories kg-calories kg-calories kg-calories kg-calories kg-calories

kgs per sq meter pounds per sq ft. pounds per sq in. atmospheres inches of mercury kgs per sq cm ounces per sq in. pounds per sq ft pounds/sq in.

345.3 70.73 0.4912 0.002458 0.07355 0.002540 0.5781 5.204 0.03613

To Btu ergs ft-pounds kg-calories kg-meters watt-hrs

Multiply By 0.0009480 10,000,000 0.7376 0.0002389 0.1020 0.0002778

To grams joules/cm joules per meter (newtons) poundals pounds tons (long) tons (short) Dynes atmospheres feet of water inches of mercury lb per sq ft lbs per sq in atmospheres bars feet of water inches of mercury pounds per sq ft pounds/sq in. Btu foot-pounds hp-hrs joules kg-meters kilo-joules

Multiply By 1,000.0 0.09807 9.807 70.93 2.205 0.0009842 0.001102 980,665. 0.9678 32.81 28.96 2,048. 14.22 0.00009678 0.00009807 0.003281 0.002896 0.2048 0.001422 3.968 3,088. 0.001560 4,186. 426.9 4.186

kg-calories kg-meters kg-meters kg-meters kg-meters kp-meters kg meters k-meters k-meters k-meters km per hr km per hr km per hr km per hr kilometers per hr km per hr KW KW KW KW KW KW kilowatt-hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs kilowatt-hrs kilowatt-hrs

kw-hrs Btu ergs foot-pounds joules kg-calories kw-hrs feet inches miles cms/sec feet per min feet per sec knots meters per min miles per hr Btu/min foot-lbs/min foot-lbs/sec HP kg-calories/min watts Btu ergs foot-lbs gram-calories hp-hrs joules kg-calories kg-meters pounds of water

0.001163 0.009294 98,040,000 7.233 9.804 0.002342 0.000002723 3,281. 39,370 0.6214 27.78 54.68 0.9113 0.5396 16.67 0.6214 56.92 44,260 737.6 1.341 14.34 1,000.0 3,413. 3.600 x 10 E13 2,655,000 859,850. 1.341 3,600,000 859.85 3,671,000 3.53

( at 212F) pounds of water KW-hrs ( 62 to 212F) L Goto top of page To Convert liters liters liters liters liters liters liters liters Into bushels (U.S. dry) cu cm cu feet cu inches cu meters cu yards gallons pints (U.S. liq.) Multiply By 0.02838 1,000.0 0.03531 61.02 0.001 0.001308 0.2642 2.113 22.75

liters liters per min liters per min M Goto top of page Conversion of meters meters meters meters meters meters meters meters meters meters per min meters per min meters per min meters per min meters per min meters per min meters per sec meters per sec meters per sec meters per sec meters per sec meters per sec miles miles miles (statute) miles miles miles miles miles/hr miles per hr miles per hr miles per hr miles per hr miles per hr miles perhr miles per hr mil-ft milli-liters mm mm

quarts (U.S. liq.) cu ft per sec galons per sec

1.057 0.0005886 0.004403

To cm feet inches kms miles (naut.) miles (stat.) millimeters yards varas cms per sec feet per min feet per sec kms per hr knots miles per hr feet per min feet per sec km per hr km per min miles per hr miles per min centimeters feet inches km meters miles yards cms per sec feet per min feet per sec kms per hr kms per min knots meters per min miles per min cu-inches liters cm ft

Multiply By 100 3.281 39.37 0.001 0.0005396 0.0006214 1,000 1.094 1.179 1.667 3.281 0.05468 0.06 0.03238 0.03728 196.8 3.281 3.6 0.06 2.237 0.03728 160,900 5,280. 63,360 1.609 1,609 0.868357 1,760 44.70 88. 1.467 1.609 0.02682 0.8684 26.82 0.1667 0.000009425 0.001 0.1 0.003281

mm mm mm mm mm mm mm-gals/day O Goto top of page Conversion of ounces ounces ounces ounces ounces ounces ounces ounces ounces ounces (troy) ounces (troy) ounces ounces (troy) ounces ounces/square inch ounces/square in. P Goto top of page Conversion of parts/million parts/million parts/million pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds (troy) pounds

inches km meters miles mils yards cu ft/sec

0.03937 0.000001 0.001 0.0000006214 39.37 0.001094 1.54723

To drams grains grams pounds ounces(troy) tons (long) tons cu inches liters grains grams ounces pennyweights (troy) lbs (troy) Dynes/square cm lbs/square in.

Multiply By 16.0 437.5 28.349527 0.0625 0.9115 0.00002790 0.00002835 1.805 0.02957 480.0 31.103481 1.09714 20.0 0.08333 0.4309 0.0625

To grains/U.S. gal grains/Imp. gal lbs/million gal drams dynes grains grams joules/cm joules/meter (newtons) kg ounces ounces (troy) poundals pounds tons grains grams

Multiply By 0.0584 0.07016 8.345 256. 444,823 7,000. 453.5924 0.04448 4.448 0.4536 16.0 14.5833 32.17 1.21528 0.0005 5,760. 373.24177

pounds pounds lb-ft lb-ft lb-ft lbs/cu ft lbs/cuff lbs/cu ft lbs/cu ft lbs/cu in. lbs/cu in. lbs/cu in. lbs/cu in. lbs/square ft lbs/square ft lbs/square ft pounds/square ft pounds/square ft pounds/square in. pounds/square in. pounds/square in. lbs/sq in. lbs/sq in. Q Goto top of page Conversion of quarts (liq.) quarts (liq.) quarts (liq.) quarts S Goto top of page Conversion of cm^2 cm^2 cm^2 sq cm sq cm cm^2 sq centimeters sq feet feet^2 feet^2 feet^2 feet^2 feet^2

ounces ounces cm-dynes cm-grams meter-kgs grams/cu cm kilograms/cu meter lbs/cu in. lbs/mil-foot kgs/cu cm kgs/cu meter lbs/cu ft lbs/mil-foot atmospheres feet of water inches of mercury kgs/square meter pounds/square in. atmospheres feet of water inches of mercury kgs/sq meter lbs/sq ft

13.1657 12.0 0.0001356 13,825. 0.1383 0.01602 16.02 0.0005787 0.000000004456 27.68 27,680 1,728. 0.000009425 0.0004725 0.01602 0.01414 4.882 0.006944 0.06804 2.307 2.036 703.1 144.0

To cu inches cu meters cu yards liters

Multiply By 57.75 0.0009464 0.001238 0.9463

To circular mils square feet inches^2 square meters square miles square mm square yards acres circular mils square cms square inches square meters square miles

Multiply By 197,300 0.001076 0.1550 0.0001 386,100,000,000 100.0 0.0001196 0.00002296 183,300,000 929.0 144.0 0.09290 0.00000003587

feet^2 feet^2 inches^2 inches^2 inches^2 inches^2 inches^2 inches^2 m^2 m^2 m^2 m^2 m^2 m^2 m^2 T Goto top of page Conversion of temperature (C) +273 temperature (C) +17.78 temperature (F) +460 temperature (F) -32 tons of waterper 24 hrs tons-water/24 hrs

square millimeters square yards circular mils square cms square feet sq millimeters square mils square yards acres square cms square feet square inches square miles square millimeters square yards

92,900 0.1111 1,273,000 6.452 0.006944 645.2 1,000,000 0.0007716 0.0002471 10,000 10.76 1,550. 0.0000003861 1,000,000 1.196

To absolute temperature (C) temperature (F) absolute temperature (F) temperature (C) gallons permin cu ft/hr

Multiply By 1.0 1.8 1.0 5/9 0.16643 1.3349

W G0 to top of conversion tool page Conversion of Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts watts Watts Watts Watts W-hours W-hours W-hours W-hours W-hours W-hours W-hours W-hours To Btu/hr Btu/min ergs/sec ft-pounds/min ft-pounds/sec horsepower(HP) HP kg-calories/min KWs Btu ergs ft-pounds gram-calories Hp-hrs kg-calories Kg-meters kw-hrs Multiply By 3.413 0.05688 10,000,000 44.27 0.7378 0.001341 0.001360 0.01433 0.001 3.413 36,000,000,000 2,656 859.85 0.001341 0.8598 367.2 0.001

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