NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10

Mathematics

Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations

Multiple Choice Questions.

Sample Question

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:

1. Which one of the following is not a quadratic equation?

(A) (x + 2)2 = 2  x + 3 

(B) x 2 + 3x = 113x 
2

(C) (x + 2)  x - 1 = x 2 - 2x - 3

(D) x 3 - x 2 + 2x + 1 =  x + 1
3

Ans: Correct option is (c)

Given, options A, B, C and D are the given equation.

Polynomial with degree 2 is a quadratic equation.

(x + 2)  x1 = x 2 2x3

x2  x  2 x  2  x2  2 x  3

3x  1  0, with degree is 1.

The degree of the polynomial is not 2 therefore, it's not a quadratic equation.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 1

2. Which constant should be added and subtracted to solve the quadratic
equation 4x 2 - 3x - 5 = 0 by the method of completing the square?

9
(A)
16

3
(B)
16

3
(C)
4

3
(D)
4

Ans: Correct option is (b)

Given, Quadratic equation 4 x 2  3 x  5  0

To solve the quadratic equation by the method of completing the square, add or
subtract the third term.
2
1 
Third term    coefficientof x 
2 

4 x 2  3x  5  0

Dividing by 4 on both the sides we get

3 5
x2  x 0
4 4

3 5
x2  x
4 4
2
1 
Third term    coefficientof x 
2 

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 2

 2
1 3  3  3
    
 2 4   64  64

3 5 3
x2  x 
4 4 64

3
4 x 2  3x  5 
16

3
4 x 2  3x  5  0
16
2
 3 3
4 x   5 0
 8  16

3
Therefore, must be added to make 4 x 2  3 x  5  0 complete square.
16

EXERCISE 4.1

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following
questions:

1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

(A) x 2 + 2x + 1 =  4x  + 3
2

 2
(B) -2x 2 =  5 - x   2x - 
 5

3
(C)  k + 1 x 2 + x = 7, where k = -1
2

(D) x 3 - x 2 =  x - 1
3

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 3

Ans: Correct option is (d).

A polynomial equation with degree 2 is called a quadratic equation.

By solving given equation:

x 3  x 2   x  1
3

 x 3  x 2   x 2  x  1  x  1

 x3  x 2  x3  x 2  x 2  x  x  1

  x2  2 x2  1

  x2  2 x2  1  0

 x2  1  0

So, the degree of the given polynomial is 2 so it’s a quadratic equation.

2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

(a) 2  x - 1 = 4x 2 - 2x + 1
2

(b) 2x - x2 = x2 + 5

 
2
(c) 2x + 3 + x 2 = 3x 2 - 5x

(d)  x 2 + 2x  = x 4 + 3 + 4x 3
2

Ans: Correct option is (c).

A polynomial equation with degree 2 is called a quadratic equation.

 
2
2 x  3  x 2  3x 2  5 x

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 4

 2 x 2  2 6 x  3  x 2  3x 2  5 x

 3x 2  2 6 x  3  3x 2  5 x

 2 6x  5x  3  0

 7 6 x  3  0, degree 1

Hence, there is no term with degree 2

 
2
So the equation 2 x  3  x 2  3x 2  5 x is not a quadratic equation.

3. Which of the following equations has 2 as a root?

(a) x2 - 4x + 5 = 0

(b) x2 + 3x - 12 = 0

(c) 2x2 - 7x + 6 = 0

(d) 3x2 - 6x - 2 = 0

Ans: Correct Option is (c).

By solving with the factorisation method.

2 x2  7 x  6  0

 2 x 2  3x  4 x  6  0

 x  2 x  3  2  2 x  3  0

  x  2  2 x  3  0

3
 x  2,
2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 5

Therefore, the given equation has 2 as a root.

1 5
4. If is a root of the equation x 2 + kx - = 0 , then the value of k is
2 4

(a) 2

(b) -2

(c) 14

(d) 12

Ans: Correct option is (a).

1
x is a root of the equation so,
2

1
x is satisfying the given quadratic equation.
2

1
Put x  in the equation we get,
2

5
x 2  kx  0
4
2
1 1 5
   k   0
2 2 4

1 k 5
   0
4 2 4

 1  2k  5  0

 2k  5  1

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 6

 4
k  2
2

Hence the value of k is 2.

5. Which of the following equations has the sum of its roots as 3?

(a) 2x2 - 3x + 6 = 0

(b) -x2 + 3x - 3 = 0

3
(c) 2x 2 - x +1 = 0
2

(d) 3x2 - 3x + 3 = 0

Ans: Correct option is (b).

b
For the quadratic equation a{x^2} + bx + c = 0, the sum of the roots  and
a
c
product of root  .
a

Where, a  coefficient of x2

b  coefficient of x

c  constant

Here a  1, b  3

3 3
Sum of the roots   3 , product of the roots   3
1 1

Hence, the quadratic equation is

 x2  3x  3  0 has sum of the roots  3

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6. Values of k for which the quadratic equation 2x2 - kx + k = 0 has equal roots
is

(a) 0 only

(b) 4

(c) 8 only

(d) 0, 8

Ans: Correct option is (d).

A quadratic equation has equal roots if D  0

The given equation 2 x2  kx  k  0 ,

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 ,

we get: a  2, b  k , c  k

D0

b2  4ac  0

 k   4  2  k   0
2

 k 2  8k  0

 k  k  8  0

 k  0,8

Hence, 0,8 are the values of k for which the quadratic equation 2 x2  kx  k  0 has
equal roots.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 8

7. Which constant must be added and subtracted to solve the quadratic
3
equation 9x 2 + x - 2 = 0 by the method of completing the square?
4

1
(a)
8

1
(b)
64

1
(c)
4

9
(d)
64

Ans: Correct option is (b).

3
Given equation is 9 x 2  x 2 0
4

3
9x2  x 2 0
4

Can also be written as

1
 3x    3x   2  0
2

Let’s take 3x  t

1
t2  t  2  0
4
2
1 
Thirdterm    coefficientof x 
2 

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 9

 2
1 1 1
   
 2 4  64

1 1 1
t2  t   2
4 64 64

 1  64 2  1
2

 t   
 8 64

1
Thus, must be subtracted or added to make the equation a complete square.
64

8. The quadratic equation 2x 2 - 5x + 1 = 0 has

(a) two distinct real roots

(b) two equal real roots

(c) no real roots

(d) more than 2 real roots

Ans: Correct option is (c)

The quadratic equation is 2 x 2  5 x  1  0

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get

Here, a  2, b   5,c  1

 b2  4ac  0

 
  5   4  2 1  0
2

58  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 10

 3  0

Therefore, equation has no real roots

9. Which of the following equations has two distinct real roots?

9
(a) 2x 2 - 3 2x + =0
4

(b) x2 + x - 5 = 0

(c) x 2 + 3x + 2 2 = 0

(d) 5x2 - 3x + 1 = 0

Ans: Correct option is (b).

The quadratic equation is x2  x  5  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 ,

we get:

a  1, b  1, c  5

Consider,

D  b2  4ac

 1  4 1 5 
2

 1   20 

 1  20
 21

D  0 ,i.e., 21  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 11

Therefore, the equation has two distinct real roots.

10. Which of the following equations has no real roots?

(a) x 2 - 4x + 3 2 = 0

(b) x 2 + 4x - 3 2 = 0

(c) x 2 - 4x - 3 2 = 0

(d) 3x 2 + 4 3x + 4 = 0

Ans: Correct option is (a).

The given equation is x 2  4 x  3 2  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 ,

we get:

a  1, b  4, c  3 2

Consider

D  b2  4ac


  4   4 1 3 2
2

 16  12 2

 16  12 1.41

 16  16.92  0.92

 0.92  0

Hence, the equation x 2  4 x  3 2  0 has no real roots.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 12

11.  x 2 + 1 - x 2 = 0 has
2

(a) four real roots

(b) two real roots

(c)no real roots

(d) one real root.

Ans: Correct option is (c).

Given equation is  x 2  1  x 2  0
2

On simplifying;

x  1  x 2  0
2 2

 x4  2 x2  1  x2  0

 x 4  x 2  1  0...............(i)

Put x2  t

Equation (i) becomes

t2  t 1  0

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 ,

we get:

a  1, b  1, c  1

Consider, b2  4ac

 1  4 11
2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 13

 3  0

D0

Hence, the equation  x 2  1  x 2  0 has no real roots.

2

EXERCISE 4.2

1. State whether the following quadratic equations have two distinct real roots.

Justify your answer.

(i) x2 - 3x + 4 = 0

Ans: On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

Here, a  1, b  3, c  4

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D   3  4 1 4 
2

 D  9  16

 D  7
D0

Therefore, equation x2  3x  4  0 has no real roots because D  0 .

(ii) 2x2 + x - 1 = 0

Ans: On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

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Here, a  2, b  1, c  1

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D  b2  4ac

 D  1  4  2  1
2

 D  1  4  2 

 D 1 8

D9

D0

Therefore, the equation 2 x2  x  1  0 has two real distinct roots because D  0 .

9
(iii) 2x 2 - 6x + =0
2

Ans: On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

9
a  2, b  6, c 
2

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

9
D   6   4  2   
2

2

 D  36  36

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 15

D0

9
Therefore, the equation 2 x 2  6 x   0 has no real distinct roots.
2

(iv) 3x2 - 4x + 1 = 0

Ans: On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

Here, a  3, b  4, c  1

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D  b2  4ac

 D   4   4  31
2

 D  16  12

D4
D0

Therefore, equation 3x2  4 x  1  0 has two real distinct roots because D  0 .

(v)  x + 4  - 8x = 0
2

Ans: On simplification, we get:

 x  4  8x  0
2

 x2  8x  16  8x  0

 x2  16  0

On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 16

a  1, b  0, c  16

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D  0  4 116 

 D  64
D0

Therefore, the equation  x  4   8 x  0 has no real roots because D  0 .

2

 
(vi) x - 2 - 2  x + 1 = 0
2

Ans: On simplification, we get:

   2  x  1  0
2
x 2

   2  x  1
2
 x 2

 x2  2 2 x  2  2 x  2

 x2  2 2x  2x


 x x  2 2  2x 
 x2 2 2

 x2 2 20

 x2  2 1  0 

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 17

On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

Here, a  0, b  1, c  2  2 1 
We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D  1  4  0  2
2
  2 1 
 D 1 0
 D 1
D0

x  2  2  x  1  0 has two real distinct roots because

2
Therefore, equation
D0 .

3 1
(vii) 2x 2 - x+ =0
2 2

Ans: On simplification, we get:

2 x 2  3x  1  0

On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

a  2, b  3, c  1

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 18

D   3  4  2 1
2

 D  98

 D 1
 D 1

3 1
Therefore, the equation 2 x2  x  0 has two real distinct roots because
2 2
D0 .

(viii) x 1 - x  - 2 = 0

Ans: On simplification,

x 1  x   2  0

 x  x2  2  0

 x2  x  2  0

On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

a  1, b  1, c  2

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D  1  4 1 2 
2

 D 1 8
 D  7

D0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 19

Therefore, the equation x 1  x   2  0 has no real roots because D  0 .

(ix)  x - 1 x + 2  + 2 = 0

Ans: On simplification,

 x  1 x  2   2  0
 x2  2x  x  2  2  0

 x2  x  0

On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

a  1, b  1, c  0

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D  1  4 1 0 
2

 D 1 0

 D 1

D0

Therefore, equation x 1  x   2  0 has two real distinct roots because D  0 .

(x)  x + 1 x - 2  + x = 0

Ans: On simplification,

 x  1 x  2   x  0
 x2  2x  x  2  x  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 20

 x2  2  0

For the equation to have real and distinct roots discriminant D  0 .

On comparing it with standard quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0

a  1, b  0, c  2

We know

D  b2  4ac

Putting up the values,

D  0  4 1 2 

 D  8

 D 8
D0

Therefore, equation  x  1 x  2   x  0 has two real distinct roots because D  0

.

2. Write whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your
answers.

(i) Every quadratic equation has exactly one root.

Ans: Consider, x2  1  0 is a simplest quadratic equation then its roots are x  1 .

Hence every quadratic equation has two roots.

Hence, the statement “Every quadratic equation has exactly one root.” is false.

(ii) Every quadratic equation has at least one real root.

Ans: The statement is “Every quadratic equation has at least one real root.”

Consider, x2  4 x  4  0 is a quadratic equation then

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 21

x2  4 x  4  0

 x2  2 x  2 x  4  0

 x  x  2  2  x  2  0

  x  2  x  2   0

 x  2, 2

x  2, 2 are the roots of the equation. Therefore, no real roots.

Hence, the statement “Every quadratic equation has at least one real root.” is false.

(iii) Every quadratic equation has at least two roots.

Ans: The statement “Every quadratic equation has at least two roots.”

Consider, x2  1  0

x2  1  0

 x2  1

 x   1

Here, the quadratic equation x2  1  0 has two roots.

Hence, the statement “Every quadratic equation has at least two roots.” is false.

(iv) Every quadratic equation has at most two roots.

Ans: We know that,

The degree of quadratic equation is two.

And the number of roots of any polynomial depends on the degree of that
polynomial.

Hence, the statement “Every quadratic equation has at most two roots.” is true.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 22

(v) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term of a quadratic equation have
opposite signs, then the quadratic equation has real roots.

Ans: If ax2  bx  c  0 is a quadratic equation,

And given that aand c have opposite signs.

Consider,

D  b 2  4  a  c 

 D  b2  4ac

D0

We know that, if D  0 then the equation has two distinct real roots.

Hence, the statement “If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term of a quadratic
equation have opposite signs, then the quadratic equation has real roots.” is true.

(vi) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term have the same sign and if the
coefficient of x term is zero, then the quadratic equation has no real roots.

Ans: If ax2  bx  c  0 is a quadratic equation,

And given that if aand c have the same sign and b = 0.

Consider,

D  b 2  4  a  c 

 D  0  4ac

 D  4ac

D0

We know that, if D  0 then the equation has no real roots.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 23

Hence, the statement “If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term have the same
sign and if the coefficient of x term is zero, then the quadratic equation has no real
roots.” is true.

3. A quadratic equation with an integral coefficient has integral roots. Justify

your answer.

Ans: The statement “A quadratic equation with integral coefficient has integral
roots.”

Consider a quadratic equation with integral coefficient 8x2  2 x  1  0 .

8x 2  2 x  1  0

8x2  2 x  1  0

 8x 2  4 x  2 x  1  0

 4 x  2 x  1  1 2 x  1  0

  4 x  1 2 x  1  0

1 1
x ,
4 2

1 1
Hence, the roots of the equation are and which are not integers.
4 2

Hence, a quadratic equation with integral coefficient may or may not have integral
roots.

4. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are rational but both
of its roots are irrational? Justify your answer.

Ans: Consider, a quadratic equation whose coefficients are rational x2  5x  1  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 24

 By quadratic formula:

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

5   5  4 11
2

x
2 1

5  25  4
x
2

5  21
x
2

5  21 5  21
x ,
2 2

The roots of the equation are irrational. So, a quadratic equation with rational
coefficients may have irrational roots.

The statement “Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are rational

but both of its roots are irrational.” is true.

5. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are all distinct
irrationals but both the roots are rational? Why?

Ans: Consider, quadratic equation whose coefficients are all distinct irrationals

2x2  5 2 x  4 2  0

By quadratic formula

2x2  5 2 x  4 2  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 25

 b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

   5 2   2  4 2 
2
 5 2  4
x
2 2

5 2  50   4  2  4 
x
2 2

5 2  50  32
x
2 2

5 2  18
x
2 2

5 2 3 2
x
2 2

2  5  3 53
x 
2 2 2

53 53
x ,
2 2

8
x  4,1
2

The roots of the given equation are 4 and 1 which are rational.

The statement “Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are all
distinct irrationals but both the roots are rational?” is true.

6. Is 0.2 a root of the equation x2 - 0.4 = 0 ? Justify.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 26

Ans: Given, 0.2 is a root of the equation x2  0.4  0 .

 0.2 is satisfying the quadratic equation x2  0.4  0 .

x =0.2 in the equation x2  0.4  0

LHS  x2  0.4

=  0.2   0.4
2

= 0.04  0.4
 0

 RHS

Therefore, 0.2 cannot be a root of the equation.

The statement “Is 0.2 a root of the equation x2  0.4  0 ?” is false.

7. If b = 0,c < 0 , is it true that the roots of x2 + bx + c = 0 are numerically equal

and opposite in sign? Justify.

Ans: Given a quadratic equation x2  bx  c  0 with b  0, c  0 .

Consider,

D  b 2  4(1)(c)

 D = 0  4c
 D = 4c
D0

Hence, roots will be equal and opposite in sign.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 27

The statement “If b  0, c  0 , is it true that the roots of x2  bx  c  0 are
numerically equal and opposite in sign?” is true.

EXERCISE 4.3

1. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula in
each of the following:

(i) 2x2 - 3x - 5 = 0

Ans: The quadratic equation is 2 x2  3x  5  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  2, b  3, c  5

We know by quadratic formula,

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Putting up the values in formula, we have:

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

  3   3  4  2  5

2

x
2  2

3  9  4  10 
x
4

3  9  40
x
4

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 28

 3  49
x
4

3 7
x
4

37 37
x ,
4 4

10 4
x ,
4 4

5
 x  , 1
2

5
Therefore, the roots of the equation 2 x2  3x  5  0 are and 1 .
2

(ii) 5x2 + 13x + 8 = 0

Ans: The quadratic equation is 5x2  13x  8  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  5, b  13, c  8

We know by quadratic formula,

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Putting up the values in formula, we have:

13  13  4  58

2

x
2  5

13  169  4  40 
x
10

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 29

 13  169  160
x
10

13  9
x
10

13  3
x
10

13  3 13  3
x ,
10 10

10 16
x ,
10 10

8
 x  1,
5

8
Therefore, the roots of the equation 5x2  13x  8  0 are 1 and .
5

(iii) -3x2 + 5x + 12 = 0

Ans: The quadratic equation is 3x2  5x  12  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  3, b  5, c  12

We know by quadratic formula:

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Putting up the values in formula, we have:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 30

   3   5  4  312 
2

x
2  3

3  25  4  36 
x
6

3  25  144
x
6

3  169
x
6

3  13
x
6

3  13 3  13
x ,
6 6

16 10
x ,
6 6

8 5
x ,
3 3

8 5
Therefore, the roots of the equation 3x2  5x  12  0 are  and .
3 3

(iv) -x2 + 7x - 10 = 0

Ans: The quadratic equation is  x2  7 x  10  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  1, b  7, c  10

We know by quadratic formula:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 31

 b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Putting up the values in formula, we have:

7  7  4  1 10 

2

x
2  1

7  49  4 10 
x
2

7  49  40
x
2

7  9
x
2

7  3
x
2

7  3 7  3
x ,
2 2

4 10
x ,
2 2

4 10
x ,
2 2

 x  2,5

Therefore, the roots of the equation are 2 and 5

(v) x2 + 2 2x - 6 = 0

Ans: The quadratic equation is x 2  2 2 x  6  0 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 32

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  1, b  2 2, c  6

We know by quadratic formula:

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Putting up the values in formula, we have:

  2 2   4 1 6 
2
 2 2 
x
2 1

x

 2 2   4  2   4  6 
2

2 2  8  24
x
2

2 2  32
x
2

2 2  4 2
x
2

2 2  4 2 2 2  4 2
x ,
2 2

2 2  1  4  2 2  1  4 
x ,
2 2

 x  2  3 , 2  5 

 x  3 2, 5 2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 33

Therefore, the roots of the equation  x2  7 x  10  0 are 3 2 and 5 2 .

(vi) x 2 - 3 5x + 10 = 0

Ans: The quadratic equation is x 2  3 5 x  10  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  1, b  3 5, c  10

We know by quadratic formula:

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Putting the values in formula

   
3 5  4 110 
2
 3 5 
x
2 1

3 5   9  5  4 10 
x
2

3 5  45  40
x
2

3 5  5
x
2

5  3  1
x
2

5  3  1 5  3  1
x ,
2 2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 34

 2 5 4 5
x ,
2 2

 x   5, 2 5

Therefore, the roots of the equation x 2  3 5 x  10  0 are  5 and 2 5 .

1 2
(vii) x - 11x + 1 = 0
2

1 2
Ans: The given quadratic equation is x  11x  1  0 .
2

 x 2  2 11x  2  0

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  1, b  2 11, c  2

We know by quadratic formula:

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Putting the values in formula

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

   2 11  4 1 2 
2
 2 11 
x
2 1

2 11   4  11  8
x
2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 35

 2 11  44  8
x
2

2 11  36
x
2

2 11  6
x
2

x
2  11  3 
2

x  11  3 , 11  3 
Therefore, the roots of the equation
1 2
2
x  11x  1  0 are  
11  3 and  11  3 
.

2. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by the factorisation

method:

5
(i) 2x 2 + x - 2 = 0
3

5
Ans: The given quadratic equation is 2 x 2  x  2  0 .
3

Solving by factorisation method:

6 x2  5x  6  0

6 x2  9 x  4 x  6  0

 3 x  2 x  3  2  2 x  3  0

  3 x  2  2 x  3  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 36

 2 3
x ,
3 2

5 2 3
Hence, the roots of the equation 2 x 2  x  2 = 0 are and .
3 3 2

2 2 3
(ii) x -x- =0
5 5

Ans: The given quadratic equation is

2 2 3
x x 0 .
5 5

On simplifying the given equation:

2 x2  5x  3  0

Solving by factorisation method:

2 x2  5x  3  0

2 x2  6 x  x  3  0

 2 x  x  3  1 x  3  0

  2 x  1 x  3  0

1
x ,3
2

2 2 3 1
Hence, the roots of the equation x  x   0 are  and3 .
5 5 2

(iii) 3 2x 2 - 5x - 2 = 0

Ans: The given quadratic equation is

3 2 x2  5x  2  0 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 37

Solving by factorisation method:

3 2 x2  5x  2  0

3 2x2  6x  x  2  0


 3 2x x  2  1 x  2  0   
 
 3 2x  1 x  2  0 
1
x , 2
3 2

1
Hence, the roots of the equation 3 2 x 2  5 x  2  0 are  and 2 .
3 2

(iv) 3x 2 + 5 5x - 10 = 0

Ans: The given quadratic equation is

3x 2  5 5 x  10  0 .

Solving by factorisation method:

3x 2  5 5 x  10  0

3x 2  6 5 x  5 x  10  0

 
 3x x  2 5  5 x  2 5  0  
 
 3x  5 x  2 5  0 
5
x , 2 5
3

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 38

 5
Hence, the roots of the equation 3x 2  5 5 x  10  0 are and 2 5 .
3

1
(v) 21x 2 - 2x + =0
21

1
Ans: The given quadratic equation is 21x 2  2 x  0 .
21

On simplifying the given equation:

441x2  42 x  1  0

The equation is 441x2  42 x  1  0

Using factorisation method

441x2  42 x  1  0

441x2  21x  21x  1  0

 21x  21x  1  1 21x  1  0

  21x  1 21x  1  0

1 1
x ,
21 21

1 1 1
Hence, the roots of the equation 21x 2  2 x   0 are and .
21 21 21

EXERCISE 4.4

1. Find whether the following equations have real roots. If real roots exist, find
them.

(i) 8x2 + 2x - 3 = 0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 39

Ans: The equation 8x2  2 x  3  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  8, b  2, c  3

The quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0 has two distinct real roots if

D  b2  4ac  0 .

Consider,

D  b2  4ac

D   2   4  8  3
2

 D  4  4  24 

 D  4  96
 D  100
D  0

So, the equation has real roots.

Finding the roots by factorisation method;

8x 2  2 x  3  0

8x 2  6 x  4 x  3  0

 2 x  4 x  3  4  4 x  3  0

  2 x  4  4 x  3  0

  2x  4  0

  4 x  3  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 40

 4 3
x  2or x 
2 4

3
Hence, the roots of the equation 8x2  2 x  3  0 are 2 and .
4

(ii) -2x2 + 3x + 2 = 0

Ans: The equation 2 x2  3x  2  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  2, b  3, c  2

The quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0 has two distinct real roots if

D  b2  4ac  0 .

Consider,

D  b2  4ac

D   3  4  2  2 
2

 D  9  4  4 

 D  9  16
 D  25

D  0

So, the equation has real roots.

Solving by factorisation method;

2 x2  3x  2  0

2 x2  4 x  x  2  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 41

  2 x   x  2   1  x  2   0

  2 x  1 2  x   0

1
x or x  2
2

1
Hence, the roots of the equation 2 x2  3x  2  0 are and 2 .
2

(iii) 5x2 - 2x - 10 = 0

Ans: The equation 5x2  2 x  10  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  5, b  2, c  10

The quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0 has two distinct real roots if

D  b2  4ac  0 .

Consider,

D  b2  4ac

D   2   4  5  10 
2

 D  4  4  50 

 D  4  200

 D  204

D  0

So, the equation has real roots.

Solving by quadratic formula:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 42

5x2  2 x  10  0

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

  2    2   4  5 10 
2

x
2  5

2  4  4  50 
x
10

2  2 51
x
10

x

2 1  51 
10

1  51
x
5

1  51 1  51
x or x =
5 5

1  51 1  51
Hence, the roots of the equation 5x2  2 x  10  0 are and .
5 5

1 1 3
(iv) + = 1, x ¹ , 5
2x - 3 x - 5 2

1 1 3
Ans: The given equation is   1, x  ,5
2x  3 x  5 2

On simplifying the given equation, we have

1 1
 1
2x  3 x  5

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 43

   x  5    2 x  3   2 x  3 x  5 

 x  5  2 x  3  2 x2  10 x  3x  15

 3x  8  2 x2  13x  15

 2 x2  16 x  23  0

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get:

a  2, b  16, c  23

The quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0 has two distinct real roots if

D  b2  4ac  0 .

Consider,

D  b2  4ac

 D   16   4  2  23
2

 D  256  4  46 

 D  256  184
 D  72
D  0

The equation has real roots.

On solving by quadratic formula:

2 x2  16 x  23  0

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 44

   16    16   4  2  23
2

x
2  2

16  256  4  46 
x
4

16  256  184
x
4

16  72
x
4

16  6 2
x
4

83 2
x
2

83 2 83 2
x or x 
2 2

1 1 3 83 2 83 2
Hence, the roots of the equation   1, x  ,5 are and
2x  3 x  5 2 2 2
(v) x 2 + 5 5x - 70 = 0

Ans: The equation x 2  5 5 x  70  0 .

On comparing with ax2  bx  c  0 , we get: a  1, b  5 5, c  70

The quadratic equation ax2  bx  c  0 has two distinct real roots if

D  b2  4ac  0 .

Consider,

D  b2  4ac

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 45

    4 1 70 
2
D 5 5

 D   25  5   4  70 

 D  125  280
 D  405

D  0

Solving by quadratic formula:

x 2  5 5 x  70  0

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

5 5   4 1 70 
2
5 5 
x
2 1

5 5  125  4  70 
x
2

Hence, the roots are 2 5and  7 5 .

2. Find a natural number whose square diminished by 84 is equal to thrice of 8

more than the given number.

Ans: Let the natural number  x

By the given information, we have:

5 5  125  280
x
2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 46

 5 5  405
x
2

5 5  9 5
x
2

5  5  9 
x
2

5  5  9  5  4
x  2 5
2 2
or

5  5  9  5  14 
x   7 5
2 2

 x  2 5, 7 5

On further solving

 x 2  84  3  x  8 

 x2  84  3x  24

 x2  3x  84  24  0

 x2  3x  108  0

 x2  12 x  9 x  108  0

 x  x  12   9  x  12   0

  x  9  x  12   0

 x  9or x  12

Since, natural numbers cannot be negative.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 47

Hence, the required number is 12.

3.A natural number, when increased by 12, equals 160 times its reciprocal. Find
the number.

Ans: Let the natural number be x

By the given information, we have:

1
x  12  160  
 x

Solving the equation further;

1
x  12  160  
 x

 x2  12 x  160

 x2  12 x  160  0

 x  x  20   8  x  20   0

  x  8  x  20   0

x  8or x  20

Natural numbers are not negative.

So, the required natural number is 8.

4. A train, traveling at a uniform speed for 360 km, would have taken 48
minutes less to travel the same distance if its speed were 5 km/h more. Find the
original speed of the train.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 48

 distance
Ans: We know that time taken =
speed

Let the original speed of the train be x km/hr .

So time taken is

360
time taken =
x

360
Time taken when speed is increased 
x5

By the given information, we have:

360 360 48
 
x x  5 60

1 1  4
360   
 x x  5  5

1800 4
 
x2  5x 5

 9000  4 x2  20 x

 4 x2  20 x  9000  0

x2  5x  2250  0

 x2  50 x  45x  2250  0

x  x  50   45  x  50   0

  x  45  x  50   0

 x  45or x  50

Speed cannot be negative.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 49

So, the original speed of the train  45km/hr .

5. If Zeba were younger by 5 years than what she really is, then the square of
her age (in years) would have been 11 more than five times her actual age. What
is her age now?

Ans: Let the present age of Zeba be x years.

By the given information, we have:

Age of Zeba before 5 years   x  5 

Square of her age is equal to 11 more 5 times of her actual age

  x  5   5 x  11
2

Solving the equation further, we get

 x  5  5 x  11
2

 x2  25  10 x  5x  11

 x2  15x  14  0

 x2  14 x  x  14  0

 x  x  14   1 x  14   0

  x  1 x  14   0

 x  1or x  14

Present age of Zeba cannot be equal to 1 .

So, the present age of Zeba is equal to 14 years.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 50

6. At present Asha’s age (in years) is 2 more than the square of her daughter
Nisha’s age. When Nisha grows to her mother’s present age, Asha’s age would
be one year less than 10 times the present age of Nisha. Find the present ages of
both Asha and Nisha.

Ans: Let the present age of Nisha is x

By the given information, we have:

Asha’s age  x2  2

When Nisha grows to her mother’s age after x2  2  x years.

After x2  2  x years, Asha’s age  x2  2  x2  2  x

Asha’s age would be one year less than 10 times the present age of Nisha therefore,

x2  2  x2  2  x  10 x  1

 2 x2  4  x  10 x  1

 2 x2  11x  5  0

 2 x2  10 x  x  5  0

 2 x  x  5   1 x  5   0

  2 x  1 x  5   0

1
 x  or x  5
2

1
Present age Nisha can’t be years.
2

So, the present age of Nisha and Asha respectively are 5 and 52  2  27 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 51

7. In the center of a rectangular lawn of dimensions 50m× 40m , a rectangular
pond has to be constructed so that the area of the grass surrounding the pond
would be 1184m 2 . [see Fig. 4.1]. Find the length and breadth of the pond.

Ans:

Let xm is the width of the grass area

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 52

Width of lawn  40m

Length of lawn  50 m

Breadth of pond   40  2 x  m

Length of pond   50  2 x  m

Pond is surrounded by the area of grass  1184m2

Area of rectangular lawn  Area of pond 1184m 2

  50  40    50  2 x    40  2 x   1184

 2000   2000  80 x  100 x  4 x 2   1184

 2000  2000  80 x  100 x  4 x2  1184

 4 x2  180 x  1184  0

 x2  45x  296  0

 x2  37 x  8x  296  0

 x  x  37   8  x  37   0

  x  8  x  37   0

 x  8or x  37

Value of x  37 is not possible because then the length of the pond becomes

50  2 x  50  2  37   24 which is not possible.

So the value of x  8

Therefore, length of the pond is:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 53

  50  2x

 50  2  8 

 50  16
 34m

And width of the pond is:

 40  2x

 40  2  8 

 40  16
 24m

So, the length and breadth of the pond is 34 m and 24 m.

8. At t minutes past 2 p. m., the time needed by the minutes hand of a clock to
t2
show 3 p. m. was found to be 3 minutes less than minutes. Find t.
4

Ans: We know that 1hour = 60 minutes

Using the given conditions:

 t2 
 60  t     3 
4 

4  60  t    t 2  12 

240  4t  t 2  12

t 2  4t  252  0

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 54

Using quadratic formula we have,

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a

b  b 2  4ac
t 
2a

4   4  4 1 252 
2

t 
2 1

4  16   1008
t 
2

4  16  1008
t 
2

4  1024
t 
2

4  32
t 
2

4  32 4  32
t  or t 
2 2

28 36
t  or t 
2 2

 t  14 or t  18

Because time cannot be negative therefore, t  14mins .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 55