 Governing system or governor is the

main controller of the steam turbine. The

governor varies the super heated steam
flow through the turbine to control its
speed or power output.
 Generating units, speed and system
frequency may be adjusted by the
governor.
Steam Turbine Governing Scheme
 DEH System
 TSI and Speed sensing elements
 Control valve & Stop valve actuators
 Hydraulic pressure supply system
 A steam turbine digital electro-hydraulic control
system (DEH) is a modern and advanced method
of governing steam turbines. It combines digital
control technology with electro-hydraulic
components to provide precise and efficient
control over the turbine's speed and power output.

 The DEH system primarily serves as the load and

speed controller for the turbine. In addition to this
key function, it encompasses various other control
parameters, including over-speed protection,
monitoring of thermal stress, turbine generator
parameter monitoring, start/stop sequence control,
and various other functions.
 The control system incorporates digital control algorithms
and software to monitor and adjust the turbine's
operating parameters.

 Digital controllers receive input signals from speed and

load sensors, process the information, and calculate the
necessary adjustments to maintain the desired turbine
conditions.
 Turbine Governing valves: Control valves are used to allow super
heated steam into turbine to maintain the desired speed and load.
Control valves are receiving commands from DEH system. DEH will
calculate the command signal by using reference input, turbine
speed signal, load(MW), control valve position feedback and other
process parameters.
 Main steam stop valves.
 EH oil system.
 Emergency trip blocks with solenoids are installed
to trip the turbine when any abnormalities.
 Turbo-supervisory system (TSI) is installed to monitor
the turbine vibration, speed, eccentricity,
differential expansion and axial shift of the rotor.
Any abnormality the TSI / DEH will send the signals
to emergency trip system and to DCS.
 Nine numbers of speed sensors are installed in the
turbine front pedestal to sense the speed of the
turbine rotor and sent signal to DCS, DEH, and TSI &
Local display.
 PLC based redundant emergency trip system (ETS)
is provided to trip the turbine in case of any
abnormal turbine /process parameters. The ETS will
receive the signals from TSI and DCS
 Turbine latching:
Turbine latching is the processes of making steam
turbine enter into security mode. When steam turbine is latched to reset
all levers of emergency tripping device, HP safety oil and oil return port
to oil tank will be shut off in turn pressurizing the pressure switches PS1,
PS2, and PS3 to send out signals to DEH, by this the pressure of HP safety
oil is built up.
After DEH receives the order of turbine LATCH, then resetting
solenoid valve 1 YV of reset & test group valve is energized; letting
turbine lube oil to enter into cavity chamber of emergency governing
device, this pushes the lever of tripping mechanism which is connected
to trip & isolation valve to isolate HP fire-resistant oil to get drained in turn
generating the HP Safety oil (Trip Oil) Line. LATCH condition is monitored
by ZS1 (latching in Progress) signal and ZS2 (Turbine Latched) signal in
DEH.
When HP safety oil to the EH oil tank is blocked by trip &
isolation valve , PS1, PS2, and PS3 will send out signals to ETS, and the
pressure (14 Mpa) of HP safety oil is built up. At the same time, HP
tripping solenoid valve HPT1 (5 YV), HPT2 (6YV), HPT3 (7YV) and HPT4
(8YV) are energized by blocking the HP Safety oil.
 Auto adjusting servo system static relation
 Valve on-line adjusting
 Control before start-up
 Auto judging hot state:
(T ≤ 150 Deg - Cold state,150 Deg <T<300 Deg - Warm
State, 300 Deg <T<400 Deg - Hot state, 400 Deg <T -
Excessive hot state).
 Speed control:
(Setting target, setting raising speed rate, and auto
passing through critical speed & 3000r/min constant
speed).
 Load control:
(Grid connection with initial load, Generator pseudo
grid connection test, Raising load: setting target,
setting load rate, Constant pressure-sliding, raising
load, Main steam pressure control, Primary frequency
modulation, CCS control, High load limitation, Low load
limitation, Valve position limitation, Main steam
pressure limitation, Runback)
 Over speed limiting (103%): Over speed limiting mainly composed of 2
solenoid valves mounted on the High Pressure (HP) Protection system. Under
normal condition, the 2 over speed limit solenoid valves (23 YV and 24 YV) are
both de-energized, to build up the over speed limit oil pressure when the HP
safety oil has been created, and the release valves (Trip Solenoid Valves) of all
governing valve actuators (Stop Valves and Control valves) are in the closed
status.
When OPC i.e. 103% of rated Turbine speed protection acts, the 2
solenoid valves (23 YV and 24 YV) are energized, to discharge the over speed
limit oil pressure and quickly close all the governing valves (GCV & ICV) therefore
controlling the turbine at rated speed. As soon as the OPC condition is restored
both the solenoid valves (23 YV and 24 YV) are de-energized and remain in
normal state.

 Over speed protection (110%): When turbine speed reaches 110% ~111% of
the rated speed (3300 ~ 3330r/min), the 2 over speed limit solenoid valves (23 YV
and 24 YV) are energized by letting out the over speed limit oil pressure, there by
quickly closing all governing valve actuators (GCV & ICV).
Simultaneously the mechanical trip valve of trip & isolated group valve is
actuated through Electrical trip mechanism to the drain HP safety oil, so as to
quickly close the main steam stop valves and governing valves. This Electrical Trip
Mechanism is triggered from DEH by sending out the trip signal to 3YV Solenoid
Valve.
 On-line tests: Spray oil test, Over speed test (electric test, mechanical
test),Valve movement test, HP emergency tripping solenoid valve
test.
 The turbine will trip, when any of the following condition occurs,

1. Turbine Over Speed 2oo3 ( > 3210 rpm)

2. Vacuum Low-Low-Low 2oo3 ( ≤ -0.7138 kg/cm² or -70 Kpa)
3. Lube oil pressure Low-Low-Low 2oo3 ( ≤ 0.07 Mpa)
4. EH (Fire resistant) Oil pressure Low-Low-Low 2oo3 (≤7.8 Mpa)
5. Turbine shaft vibration High-High ( ≥ 250 µm) any one out of 5 Bearings.
6. Shaft position High-High ( ≤ -1.65mm and ≥ 1.20mm)
7. LP exhaust steam temperature High-High >120 Deg.C (Left and Right)
8. Turbine LP differential expansion High-High (≥ 8.2 mm)
9. Turbine HP differential expansion High-High (≤ -3.2mm and ≥ 6.2 mm)
10. Bearing temperature High-high (≥ 115 Deg.C. )
11. DEH Trip
12. DCS trip
13. Boiler trip
14. Generator protection act.
15. Main oil Level Low-Low ( <1140 mm)
16. Main steam temperature over Limit (Steam temperature falling down from 510 Deg.C. to
450 Deg.C.
17. ETS PLC A & B trip/ Power Loss.
18. Manual trip from DCS or operator console