†iBb‡KvU 231

G M‡íi web¨vm
wk¶v_©xMY! m„Rbkxj cÖkœc×wZ gyL¯’wbf©i bq, cvV¨eBwbf©i
†gŠwjK we`¨v| ZvB Abykxjb Ask ïi“ Kivi c~‡e© MíwUi wkLb dj, cvV
cwiwPwZ, †jLK cwiwPwZ, Drm cwiwPwZ, e¯‘ms‡¶c, bvgKiY, kãv_© I
UxKv I evbvb mZK©Zv m¤úwK©Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ Rvbv GKvš— Avek¨K|

cvV mnvqK Ask (Supplement)

 wkLb dj 4
 cvV cwiwPwZ 4
 †jLK cwiwPwZ 4
 Drm cwiwPwZ 5
 e¯‘ms‡¶c 5
 bvgKiY 5
 kãv_© I UxKv 6
 evbvb mZK©Zv 6

Abykxjb Ask (Practice)

 Abykxjbxi cÖ‡kœvËi 7
 gv÷vi †UªBbvi KZ©„K m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi 8
 †U·U eyK GbvjvBwmm 20
K. Ávbg~jK 20
L. Abyavebg~jK 22
 eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 24
 Abykxjbxi eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 24
 gv÷vi †UªBbvi KZ©„K hvPvBK…Z eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 24
K. mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 24
L. eûc`x mgvwßm~PK cÖ‡kœvËi 27
M. Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK cÖ‡kœvËi 31

wiwfkb Ask (Revision)

 evwoi KvR 32
 ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨KwYKv 32

cix¶v-cÖ¯‘wZ hvPvB Ask (Assesment)

 m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK 33
232 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv

cvV mnvqK Ask (Supplement)

m„Rbkxj c×wZ gyL¯’wbf©i we`¨v bq, cvV¨eB wbf©i †gŠwjK we`¨v| ZvB
Abykxjb Ask ïi“ Kivi Av‡M Mí/KweZvi wkLb dj, cvV cwiwPwZ, †jLK cwiwPwZ,
Drm cwiwPwZ, e¯‘ms‡¶c, bvgKiY, kãv_© I UxKv I evbvb mZK©Zv
m¤úwK©Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨vewj Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme welq¸‡jv †R‡b
wb‡j G Aa¨v‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv m„Rbkxj I eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv m¤¢e
n‡e|

 wkLb dj
 gyw³hy‡×i mgq evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡e|
 gyw³hy‡×i mgq XvKvi cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 gyw³‡hv×v‡`i ZrciZv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡e|
 evOvwj ü`‡q ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^‡cœi K_v Rvb‡Z cvi‡e|
 cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi b„ksmZv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡e |
 evOvwji msMÖvgx †PZbvi cwiPq cv‡e|
 evOvwj‡`i Ici cvwK¯—vwb‡`i `„wófw½i cwiPq cv‡e|
 hy‡×i mgq evOvwji fxZmš¿¯— RxebaviY m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ n‡e|
 cvV-cwiwPwZ
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU cÖKvwkZ nq 1995 mv‡j| c‡i GwU †jL‡Ki me©‡kl
MíMÖš’ ÔRvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi RvjÕ (1997) MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ nq| G M‡íi cvV
MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ- 1 †_‡K| gyw³hy‡×i
mgqKvi XvKvi cwiw¯’wZ wb‡q MíwU iwPZ| gyw³hy‡×i ZLb †kl ch©vq|
XvKvq ZLb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †Mwijv AvµgY ïi“ n‡q‡Q| ZviB GKwU NUbv G
M‡íi welq; †hLv‡b XvKv K‡j‡Ri mvg‡b †Mwijv Avµg‡Yi d‡j ˆe`y¨wZK
UªvÝdg©vi aŸsm K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| NUbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cvwK¯—vwb
†mbvevwnbx K‡j‡Ri wk¶K‡`i Zje K‡i Ges Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K byi“j û`v I
Ave`ym mvËvi g„av‡K †MÖßvi K‡i wbh©vZb Pvwj‡q gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mÜvb
cvIqvi †Póv K‡i| byi“j û`v GB M‡íi K_K| Zvi Revwb‡Z M‡íi NUbvewj wee„Z
n‡q‡Q| wee„Z n‡q‡Q cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi ee©i wbcxob I nZ¨vh‡Ái g‡a¨
XvKv kn‡ii AvZ¼MÖ¯— Rxe‡bi wPÎ| †Mwijv Avµg‡Yi NUbv N‡U †h iv‡Z, Zvi
ciw`b mKv‡j wQj e„wó| Zje †c‡q †mB e„wói g‡a¨ byi“j û`v‡K K‡j‡R †h‡Z
†h †iBb‡KvUwU ci‡Z nq †mwU wQj Zvi k¨vjK gyw³‡hv×v wg›Uzi| M‡í GB
†iBb‡Kv‡Ui cÖZxKx Zvrch© AmvaviY| gyw³‡hv×v k¨vj‡Ki †iBb‡KvU Mv‡q
w`‡q mvaviY fxZz cÖK…wZi byi“j û`vi g‡a¨ mÂvwiZ nq †h DòZv, mvnm I
†`k‡cÖg ZviB e¨Äbvgq cÖKvk N‡U‡Q G M‡í|
 †jLK cwiwPwZ
bvg AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm|
Rb¥ IRb¥ ZvwiL : 12 Rvbyqvwi, 1943 wLª÷v‡ã|
cwiPq Rb¥¯’vb : †MvwUqv, mvNvUv, MvBevÜv|
wcZ… wcZvi bvg : we. Gg Bwjqvm|
cwiPq gvZvi bvg : gwiqg Bwjqvm|
wk¶vRxeb gva¨wgK : g¨vwUªK (1958 wLª÷v‡ã), e¸ov wRjv ¯‹zj|
D”Pgva¨wgK : B›UviwgwW‡qU (1961), XvKv K‡jR|
D”PZi : weG m¤§vb, evsjv (1963); GgG
(1964), XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|
Kg©Rxeb I cÖfvlK : KiwUqv mv`Z K‡jR, UvsMvBj;
 †iBb‡KvU 233
†ckv RMbœv_ K‡jR, XvKv|
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK : evsjv wefvM, RMbœv_ K‡jR|
DccwiPvjK : cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi|
Aa¨vcK : evsjv wefvM, XvKv K‡jR|
mvwnZ¨ MíMÖš’ : Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨¯^i, †Luvqvwi, `yafv‡Z DrcvZ,
mvabv †`vR‡Li Ig, Rvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi Rvj|
Dcb¨vm : wP‡j †KvVvi †mcvB, †Lvqvebvgv|
cÖeÜ MÖš’ : ms¯‹…wZi fvOv †mZz|
cyi¯‹vi I ûgvqyb Kwei ¯§„wZ cyi¯‹vi (1977), evsjv GKv‡Wwg
m¤§vbbv mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi (1983), AvjvIj mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi (1987),
cÖdzj Kzgvi miKvi ¯§„wZ Avb›` cyi¯‹vi (1996), mv`vZ
Avjx AvK›` cyi¯‹vi (1996), KvRx gvneye Djvn ¯^Y©c`K
BZ¨vw`|
B‡š—Kvj g„Zz¨ ZvwiL : 4 Rvbyqvwi, 1997 wLª÷v‡ã|
 Drm cwiwPwZ
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU cÖKvwkZ nq 1995 mv‡j| c‡i GwU †jL‡Ki me©‡kl
MíMÖš’ ÔRvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi RvjÕ (1997) MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ nq| G M‡íi cvV
MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ-1 †_‡K|
 e¯‘ms‡¶c
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i Abb¨mvaviY cÖwZfvi AwaKvix
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgqKvi XvKvi cwiw¯’wZ wb‡q
iPbv K‡i‡Qb| gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q XvKvi Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki hy×ve¯’v,
cvwK¯—vwb †mbvevwnbxi ee©i wbcxob I nZ¨vh‡Ái g‡a¨ XvKv kn‡ii
gvby‡li AvZ¼MÖ¯— RxebwPÎ, gyw³‡hv×v‡`i ZrciZv Ges G †`kxq
ivRvKvi‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q cvKnvbv`vi‡`i b„ksmZvi wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| M‡íi
K_K cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`vi eY©bvi gva¨‡g ZLbKvi hy×Kvjxb Ae¯’v‡K Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ-Gi cÖZxKx Zvrch© AmvaviY| †hUv Zvi k¨vjK
gyw³‡hv×v wg›Uzi| el©vi w`‡b †mUv Mv‡q w`‡q mvaviY fxZz cÖK…wZi
byi“j û`vi g‡a¨ mÂvwiZ nq DòZv, mvnm I †`k‡cÖg| MíwU‡Z gnvb
gyw³hy‡×i Awebvkx †PZbv‡K aviY Kiv n‡q‡Q| mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b wKQy
wKQy mvaviY I fxZz cÖK…wZi gvbylI mvnmx n‡q I‡V| hv nIqvi n‡eÑ GB
g‡bve„wË Zv‡`i fq `~i K‡i †`q| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †cvkv‡K Ggb
evnv`ywi _v‡K †h, Zv ci‡jB †gRvR-gwR© Ab¨iKg n‡q hvq| gyw³‡hv×v
k¨vj‡Ki †iBb‡KvUUv c‡i byi“j û`vI wbf©q, mvnmx I †`k‡cÖwgK n‡q I‡V|
iv¯—vq, evm÷¨v‡Û, ev‡m GgbwK †MÖßvi nIqvi ciI fqWi e‡j wKQy _v‡K
bv Zuvi| wb‡R‡K †m fv‡e, †mI GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK gyw³‡hv×v|
†iBb‡KvUUvB cÖZxKx Zvrc‡h© AmvaviY n‡q I‡V|
 bvgKiY
welqe¯‘ Abymi‡Y cÖZxKx Zvrc‡h©i Ici wfwË K‡i Av‡jvP¨ M‡íi bvgKiY Kiv
n‡q‡Q, Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ| gyw³‡hv×v k¨vj‡Ki †iBb‡KvU Mv‡q w`‡q mvaviY
fxZz cÖK…wZi byi“j û`vi †h mvnm, DòZv I †`k‡cÖg mÂvwiZ nq, ZviB
e¨Äbvgq cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í|
gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q XvKvq gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †Mwijv AvµgY ïi“ n‡q †M‡Q|
Zviv XvKv K‡j‡Ri mvg‡b ˆe`y¨wZK UªvÝdg©vi aŸsm K‡i w`‡q‡Q Ges
wd‡i hvIqvi mgq wcÖwÝcvj mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z †MÖ‡bW Qyu‡o‡Q| †MU
†f‡O †M‡Q| G NUbvi †cÖw¶‡Z cvwK¯—vwb †mbvevwnbx K‡j‡Ri wk¶K‡`i
234 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
wcÖwÝcv‡ji gva¨‡g Zje K‡i| wcqb BmnvK byi“j û`v‡K †mB LeiUvB w`‡Z
G‡m‡Q| evmv evievi e`j K‡iI wPš—v †kl nq wb, †Kbbv Zvi k¨vjK
gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Q| ZvB †h‡Kv‡bv mgq wgwjUvwi Avm‡Z cv‡i
GUvB me mgqKvi fq| Zvi †eŠ Gmgq evB‡i †ei“‡Z evav w`‡”Q, †Kbbv
gyljav‡i e„wó n‡”Q| G e„wó‡Z QvZvq Kz‡jv‡e bv, ZvB wg›Uzi
†iBb‡KvUUv †ei K‡i w`j †eŠ| wg›Uzi Rb¨ kni †_‡K GKUy `~‡i evmv
wb‡q‡Q| Gw`‡KI †÷bMvbIqvjv †QvKiviv †bŠKv †evSvB A¯¿ wb‡q Av‡m|
iv¯—vq wiKkv †bB, nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z evm÷¨v‡Û Gj| ev‡m hvÎx Kg| Zviv
†KD wKQy ej‡Z mvnm cv‡”Q bv †iBb‡KvUUvi Rb¨| ev‡m DV‡Z hvIqv
†jvKRb‡`i g‡b n‡”Q wgwjUvwii `vjvj| wgwjUvwiiv MvwoUv _vwg‡q †fZ‡i
Kov bRi w`‡q †Q‡o w`j| K‡j‡R Avmvi ci wk¶K‡`i †fZi †_‡K byi“j û`v I
Avãym mvËvi g„av‡K †MÖßvi K‡i wb‡q hvq| †PvL euvav Ae¯’vq Zv‡`i Ici
P‡j AgvbywlK wbh©vZb| Zviv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mÜvb cvIqvi †Póv K‡i|
K‡j‡Ri Avjgvwi e‡q wb‡q G‡mwQj hviv †mB KzwjivB †evgvi we‡ùviY
NwU‡q‡Q| byi“j û`v Zv‡`i wVKvbv w`‡jB Zviv Zv‡K †Q‡o †`‡e| Qv‡`i
AvsUvi mv‡_ Szjv‡bv Ae¯’vq Pvey‡Ki gvi †L‡q †m gyw³‡hv×v I Kywj‡`i
wVKvbv Rvbvi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i, Zvici Zvi Avi nuyk _v‡K bv| gyw³‡hv×vi
†iBb‡KvUUvB Zv‡K wbf©xK, mvnmx I †`k‡cÖwgK K‡i †Zv‡j| G w`K
we‡ePbvq M‡íi bvg Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ h_v_© my›`i I mv_©K n‡q‡Q|
 kãv_© I UxKv
†Rbv‡ij †÷U‡g›U  mvaviY wee„wZ|
†¯úwmwdK K¬vwmwd‡Kkb  mywbw`©ó †kªwYKiY|
ÔZje wKqv| Avwf hvbv †nvMvÕ  ÔZje K‡i‡Qb| GLbB †h‡Z n‡e|Õ
ÔwgmwKwiqvb †jvM B‡jKwUwi
†Uivbmdvg©vi †Zvo w`qv|
AIi Iqvcm hv‡b Kv UvBg
wcwibwmcvj mvnveKv †KvwV‡g
†M‡ibW †dKv| †MU †Zvo
wMqv|Õ  Ôwgmwµ‡q›Uiv B‡jKwUªK UªvÝdigvi Dwo‡q
w`‡q‡Q| Avevi wd‡i hvIqvi mgq wcÖwÝcvj mv‡n‡ei
evwo‡Z †MÖ‡bW Qzu‡o‡Q| †MU †f‡O †M‡Q|Õ
ÔK¨vq‡m?Õ  ÔKxfv‡e?Õ
ÔDI Avc wn Kn mKZvÕ  Ô†mwU AvcwbB ej‡Z cv‡ib|Õ
wgmwµqv›U  `y®‹…ZKvix| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯—vb
miKvi I Zvi †mbvevwnbx GB kãwU evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †nq cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi K‡i‡Q|
ÔAvãym mvËvi wgiavKv Ni
hv‡b †nvMv| Avc Avwf AvB‡q|
GK K‡b©j mvnve cuIQ wMqv|
me cidmi‡Kv G‡Ëjv w`qv|
dIib AvB‡q|Õ  ÔAve`ym mvËvi g„avi evmvq †h‡Z n‡e| Avcwb GLbB
Avmyb| GK K‡b©j mv‡ne Gi g‡a¨B P‡j G‡m‡Qb| me
cÖ‡dmi‡K †W‡K‡Qb| ZvovZvwo Avmyb|Õ
I‡qjwWs IqvK©kc  SvjvB KviLvbv|
mvefvwm©f A¨vKwUwfwUR  ivóªwe‡ivax Kvh©µg|
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i ZrciZv‡K cvwK¯—vb miKvi I Zv‡`i
mg_©Kiv 1971 mv‡j Gfv‡e AwfwnZ KiZ|
 †iBb‡KvU 235
UªvÝcv‡i›U  ¯^”Q|
µvK-WvD‡bi ivZ  1971 mv‡ji 25 G gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Z cvwK¯—vwb
†mbvevwnbx XvKvq †h fqven aŸsmhÁ I MYnZ¨v
cwiPvjbv K‡i †mB iv‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
ivwkqvq wQj †Rbv‡ij DB›Uvi
Avgv‡`i †Rbv‡ij gbmyb  wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq cÖPÊ kx‡Zi Ke‡j
c‡o wnUjv‡ii evwnbx i“k evwnbxi nv‡Z ch©y`¯—
n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖej el©vq †Zgwb wec¾bK
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z c‡owQj nvbv`vi cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx|
GLv‡b †mB welqwUiB Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 evbvb mZK©Zv
†÷U‡g›U, †¯úwmwdK, K¬¨vwmwd‡Kkb, e…n¯úwZ, Avjvû¤§v, Kzš—,
gyL¯’, wcÖwÝc¨vj, Avjnvg`ywjjvn, kuvmUzKz, ï‡l, †¯‹vqvW, UªvÝdg©,
wgmwµqv›U, †jd‡Ub¨v›U, K¨v‡Þb, K¨v¤ú, †bZ…Z¡, MYZš¿,
n¨vÛIfvi,G·Uªv, ZU¯’, ˆ`N©¨, d¬¨vU, BbUvb©vj, KÛv±i, ÷¨vÛ, eviv›`v,
wn›`y¯—vb, Aek¨¤¢vex, Dw”Qó, û¼vi, ÷‡cR, c¨v‡mÄvi, mrm½, Iqv³,
wnw÷ª, †Kwgw÷ª, wRIMÖvwd, wWcvU©‡g›U, QÙ‡ekx, Av¯—vbv, Szjš
—, †Nu‡l, QuyPv‡jv, fvwiw°, DwØMœ|

Abykxjb Ask (Practice)

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

K. Ò†iBb‡KvUÓ M‡í wgwjUvwi K¨v¤ú †Kv_vq ¯’vcb Kiv nq? 1

L. †`‡k GKUv K‡j‡RI kwn` wgbvi A¶Z †bB| 2
M. wP‡Î Ò†iBb‡KvUÓ M‡íi †hw`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. wPwÎZ w`KwU Ò†iBb‡KvUÓ M‡íi LÊvsk gvÎ-we‡klY Ki| 4
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 K‡j‡Ri wRgb¨vwkqv‡g|

 kwn` wgbvi evOvwj RvwZi ¯^vwaKvi †PZbvi Drm Ges cvwK¯—v‡bi

Av`‡k©i cwicš’x e‡jB cvwK¯—vwb †mbvevwnbx †`‡ki me K‡jR †_‡K
kwn` wgbvi †f‡½ †d‡j|
 1952 mv‡ji fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡b kwn‡`i ¯§„wZ i¶v‡_© wbg©vY Kiv n‡qwQj
kwn` wgbvi, hv wPiKvjB evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi †PZbvi Drm| GQvov cvK-
miKvi kwn` wgbvi‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi Av`‡k©i cwicš’x g‡b KiZ| ZvB cvwK¯
236 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
—vb‡K euvPv‡Z cvwK¯—vwb †mbvevwnbx me K‡jR †_‡K kwn` wgbvi
†f‡½ w`‡qwQj |

 wP‡Î Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi cvwK¯—vwb‡`i ee©iZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|

 †kvlK‡kªwYi gvby‡liv wPiKvjB Amnvq-`ye©‡ji Ici KZ©„Z¡ eRvq ivL‡Z
wbg©g wbh©vZb Pvjvq| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mvgvb¨Zg gvbeZvi
†QuvqvgvÎ †`Lv hvq bv| eis ga¨hyMxq Kvq`vq Zviv `ye©‡ji Ici Pvjvq
wbg©g wbh©vZb, hv mn¨ Kiv Qvov `ye©‡ji Avi wKQyB Kivi _v‡K bv|
 wP‡Î cvwK¯—vb †mbv‡`i ee©i AZ¨vPv‡ii w`KwU cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvq| Zviv
cuvPRb wg‡j GKRb wbixn gvby‡li Ici Pvwj‡q‡Q wbg©g wbh©vZb| ïay
ZvB bq, Zviv Zv‡K †kqvj-KzKz‡ii g‡Zv †U‡b-†nuP‡o wb‡q hvq| Ab¨w`‡K
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íI byi“j û`vi Revwb‡Z cvwK¯—vwb‡`i ee©iZvi K_v
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wgwjUvwi‡`i wbh©vZ‡bi f‡q †m wb‡RB bvbv mgq
cvwj‡q †ewo‡q‡Q bvbv ¯’v‡b| GQvov Zvi g‡Zv nvRv‡iv Amnvq evOvwji
Ici cvwK¯—vwbevwnbx Pvwj‡qwQj AZ¨vPv‡ii w÷g †ivjvi| myZivs ejv
hvq, wP‡Î Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi cvwK¯—vwb‡`i ee©i AZ¨vPv‡ii w`KwU dz‡U
D‡V‡Q|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i

eûgyLx Dc¯’vcb eZ©gvb| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z gyw³hy‡×i †h wPÎ i‡q‡Q Zv
MíwUi LÊvsk|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í †jLK byi“j û`vi wPš—vivwR Ges Ab¨vb¨ Pwi‡Îi
K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i GKwU mvgwMÖK wPÎ D‡b¥vP‡bi
cÖqvm Pvwj‡q‡Qb| hw`I †jL‡Ki g~j j¶¨ gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv| A_©vr, GKRb
gyw³‡hv×vi e¨eüZ †iBb‡KvU Kxfv‡e fxi“, `ye©jwPË, cjvqbci imvq‡bi
wk¶K byi“j û`v‡K GKRb gvbwmK †hv×vq cwiYZ K‡iцmwU‡KB cÖvavb¨
w`‡q‡Qb †jLK| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvq Avgv‡`i hy‡×i GKwU LÊ wPÎ i‡q‡Q|
 DÏxc‡K cwðg, †_‡K Avmv cvwK¯—vwb biNvZK‡`i AwMœms‡hvM Ges
binZ¨vi welqwU e¨³ n‡q‡Q| cvwK¯—vwb- evwnbx G‡`‡ki MÖv‡g MÖv‡g
Av¸b R¡vwj‡q AÆnvwm‡Z †g‡Z D‡VwQj| gvi †Kvj †_‡K wkï‡K †K‡o wb‡q
Pvwj‡qwQj MYnZ¨v, GgbwK wcZvi mvg‡b †g‡q‡K †K‡U i³mœvb K‡i‡Q|
A_©vr, DÏxc‡Ki g~j j¶¨ AwMœms‡hvM Ges MYnZ¨vi welqwU‡Z wbweó,
hv Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU‡Z AvswkK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU‡Z gyw³hy‡×i †h eû wewPÎ wPÎ i‡q‡Q DÏxc‡K Zv †g‡j
bv| DÏxc‡K Av‡Q †Kej M‡í ewY©Z cvKevwnbxi binZ¨vi welqwU| ZvB ejv
hvq, ÒDÏxcKwU Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwUi LÛvsk m¤ú~Y© bq|Ó

AwZwi³ Abykxjb (m„Rbkxj) Ask
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
†QvÆ ïf fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨Kvi wµ‡KU †Ljvq nvZ a‡i gv‡V †XvKvi my‡hvM
cvq| RvZxq m½xZ ce© mgvß n‡j kPxb A‡UvMÖvdmn wb‡Ri K¨vcwU ïf‡K
Dcnvi †`b| DcnviwU †c‡q ïf wew¯§Z n‡q hvq| †m wm×vš— †bq eo n‡q
GKRb wµ‡KUvi n‡e|
 †iBb‡KvU 237
K. byi“j û`v‡K †iBb‡KvUwU †K ci‡Z e‡j? 1
L. †iBb‡KvU Ly‡j †dj‡jI byi“j û`vi kix‡i Zvi Ig †j‡M _vKvi KviY Kx? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ïf Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi byi“j û`vi fvebvi gv‡S 3
ˆemv`„k¨ †`LvI| 4
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki ïfi Kv‡Q K¨vc Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í byi“j û`vi Kv‡Q
†iBb‡KvU Rxe‡bi cvjve`jKvix †PZbvi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|ÓÑ
Dw³wUi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ Dc¯’vcb Ki|
2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 Avmgv ci‡Z e‡j|

 gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D¾xweZ nq e‡j †iBb‡KvU Ly‡j †dj‡jI byi“j û`vi kix‡i Zvi
Ig †j‡M _v‡K|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í e„wói w`‡b byi“j û`v K‡j‡Ri D‡Ï‡k hvIqvi mgq ¯¿x
Avmgv Zv‡K wg›Uzi †iBb‡KvUwU c‡i †h‡Z e‡jb| wg›Uz GKRb exi
gyw³‡hv×v| Zvi †iBb‡KvU byi“j û`v‡K gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D¾xweZ K‡i|
ZvB‡Zv cvK‡mbv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii GKch©v‡q hLb Zvi kixi †_‡K †iBb‡KvUwU
Ly‡j †d‡j ZLbI Zvi g‡b nq, †iBb‡Kv‡Ui Ig Zvi kix‡i †j‡M Av‡Q|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í byi“j û`v wg›Uzi

†iBb‡Kv‡Ui ms¯ú‡k© G‡m wPš—v-†PZbvq GKRb gvbwmK gyw³‡hv×vq
cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki ïfI kPx‡bi K¨vc †c‡q wba©viY K‡i‡Q wb‡Ri fwel¨r
cwiKíbv|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wg›Uzi †iBb‡KvU civi ci bvbviK‡gi fvebv Av‡m byi“j
û`vi g‡b| nvbv`vievwnbxi wbh©vZb Ges ivRvKvi‡`i ee©iZvi cÖwZ N„Yv
cÖKvk cvq Zvi †mB fvebvi Avov‡j| Gfv‡e ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax‡`i cÖwZ
N„Yv Ges wg›Uzi g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ Zv‡K µgvš^‡q
gvbwmK †hv×vq cwiYZ K‡i| ZvB cvwK¯—vwb‡`i wbh©vZb mn¨ K‡iI
wZwb e‡j‡Qb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m‡½ Zvi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K ïfI kPx‡bi
K¨vcwU Dcnvi †c‡q wµ‡KUvi nIqvi `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡i‡Q|
 DÏxc‡Ki ïf Ges M‡íi byi“j û`v DfqB GKwU we‡kl e¯‘‡K †K›`ª K‡i bZzb
†PZbvq D¾xweZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ byi“j û`v Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i g‡Zv GKUv
msMÖvgx †PZbvq †R‡M D‡V‡Q, †hLv‡b ïfi RvMiY e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK, †m eo
n‡q GKRb wµ‡KUvi n‡Z †P‡q‡Q|

 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í byi“j û`vi cwiwnZ †iBb‡KvU †hgb Rxe‡bi cvjve`jKvix

†PZbvi cÖZxK| †Zgwb DÏxc‡K kPx‡bi K¨vcwUI ïfi †PZbvi cvjve`j
NwU‡q‡Q|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wg›Uyi †iBb‡KvU byi“j û`v‡K GKRb fxi“ `ye©jwPË
gvbyl †_‡K mvnmx gvby‡l cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| wZwb cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb gvbwmK
†hv×vq| ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m‡½ Zvi m¤ú‡K©i welqwU|
A_©vr, GKRb gyw³‡hv×vi †iBb‡KvU Zvi fvebvq G‡b‡Q bZzb †PZbv|
kPx‡bi K¨vcI Ggb cvjve`j G‡b‡Q ïfi fvebvq|
 DÏxc‡Ki †QvÆ ïf my‡hvM cvq †UÛyjKv‡ii nvZ a‡i gv‡V cÖ‡e‡ki| RvZxq
m½xZ c‡e©i ci kPxb Zv‡K K¨vc Dcnvi w`‡j ïfi †PZbvq cvjve`j N‡U| †m
wm×vš— †bq eo n‡q wµ‡KUvi n‡e| A_©vr, GZw`b ïf hv †f‡ewQj wb‡Ri
238 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
fwel¨r wb‡q, K¨vcwU †mB fvebv‡K Avg~j cwieZ©b K‡i w`‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki
ïfi Kv‡Q kPx‡bi K¨vc †hgb, M‡íi byi“j û`vi Kv‡Q wg›Uzi †iBb‡KvU wUI
†Zgb|
 `ywU wRwbm byi“j û`v I ïfi Rxe‡b e¨vcK cÖfve †d‡j‡Q| cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q
Zv‡`i Rxe‡b| GKRb n‡q‡Q gvbwmK †hv×v, Avi GKRb n‡e fwel¨r
wµ‡KUvi| A_©vr, GB `ywU wRwbm Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi cvjve`jKvix †PZbvi
cÖZxK wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

Kx‡m Kx nBj, cwðg n‡Z biNvZ‡Kiv Avwm
mviv MuvI fwi Av¸b R¡vjv‡q nvwmj AÆnvwm|
gvi †Kvj n‡Z wkï‡i Kvwoqv KvwUj †m Lvb Lvb
wcZvi mvg‡b †g‡q‡i KvwUqv Kwij i³mœvb|
K. Kviv XvKv kn‡i evRvi †cvovq, ew¯—‡Z Av¸b jvwM‡q gvbyl 1
gv‡i? 2
L. ÔGme n‡jv BbUvb©vj A¨v‡dqvi|ÕÑ K_vwU Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? 3
M.DÏxc‡K Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ewY©Z cvKevwnbxi wbh©vZ‡bi 4
GKwU Zzjbvg~jK eY©bv `vI|
N. ÒDÏxcKwU Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwUi AvswkK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i, m¤c~Y© bq|ÓÑ
Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI|
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 wgwjUvwi cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b XvKv kn‡i evRvi †cvovq, ew¯—‡Z Av¸b jvwM‡q

gvbyl gv‡i|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm-Gi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi ÔGme n‡jv BbUvb©vj

A¨v‡dqviÕ K_vwU‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© †nbwi wKwmÄvi Z_v
gvwK©b `„wófw½‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
 Avgv‡`i gnvb gyw³hy‡× gvwK©wb‡`i c¶cvwZZ¡ wQj cwðg cvwK¯—
vwb‡`i cÖwZ| hLb cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx ee©iZg AZ¨vPvi ïi“ K‡i, gvbyl
†g‡i mvd K‡i †`q, evwoNi, MÖvg, evRvinvU R¡vwj‡q †`qÑ ZLb
gvwK©wb‡`i †Zgb †Kv‡bv gv_ve¨_v †`Lv hvqwb| eis wKwmÄvi mv‡ne
cvwK¯—vwb‡`i c¶ wb‡q e‡jb, ÔGme n‡jv cvwK¯—v‡bi BbUvb©vj
A¨v‡dqvi|Õ

 1971 mv‡ji 25 gv‡P©i ga¨ivwÎ †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤^i P~ovš— weR‡qi

c~e©gyn~Z© ch©š— cvwK¯—vwbevwnbx G‡`kxq gvbyl‡`i Ici
BwZnv‡mi N„Y¨ I ee©iZg AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí Ges Av‡jvP¨
DÏxc‡K GB wbh©vZ‡bi cwiPq †g‡j|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi byi“j û`vi wPš—vi ga¨ w`‡q cvKevwnbxi eûgyLx
wbh©vZ‡bi cwiPq †g‡j| cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx G‡`‡ki kwn` wgbvi
†f‡O‡Q, Pvwj‡q‡Q mv¤cÖ`vwqK wbh©vZb, ¸wj K‡i gvbyl nZ¨v, evwoNi,
MÖvg, evRvinvU R¡vwj‡q †`Iqv, jyU Kiv Ges bvix‡`i al©Y Kiv wQj Zv‡`i
ee©iZg AZ¨vPv‡ii wewfbœ w`K| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K g~jZ cvKevwnbxi
AwMœms‡hvM Ges gvbyl nZ¨vi welqwUB cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q|
 †iBb‡KvU 239
 DÏxc‡K cvKevwnbx‡K biNvZKi~‡c wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB biNvZKiv mviv
MÖvg f‡i Av¸b R¡vwj‡q AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Zviv gv‡qi
†Kvj †_‡K wkï‡K †K‡o wb‡q Lvb Lvb K‡i‡Q, Avi wcZvi mvg‡b †g‡q‡K †K‡U
K‡i‡Q i³mœvb| A_©vr, M‡í cvKevwnbxi wbh©vZ‡bi †h eûgyLx wPÎ i‡q‡Q
DÏxc‡K Zvi `ywU w`K AwMœms‡hvM Ges binZ¨vi welqwU‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i

eûgyLx Dc¯’vcb eZ©gvb| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z KweZvs‡k gyw³hy‡×i †h wPÎ
i‡q‡Q Zv MíwUi AvswkK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í †jLK byi“j û`vi wPš—vivwR Ges Ab¨vb¨ Pwi‡Îi
K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i GKwU mvgwMÖK wPÎ D‡b¥vP‡bi
cÖqvm Pvwj‡q‡Qb| hw`I †jL‡Ki g~j j¶¨ gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv| A_©vr, GKRb
gyw³‡hv×vi e¨eüZ †iBb‡KvU Kxfv‡e fxi“, `ye©jwPË, cjvqbci imvq‡bi
wk¶K byi“j û`v‡K GKRb gvbwmK †hv×vq cwiYZ K‡iцmwU‡KB cÖvavb¨
w`‡q‡Qb †jLK| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvq Avgv‡`i hy‡×i GKwU LÊ wPÎ i‡q‡Q|
 DÏxc‡K cwðg, †_‡K Avmv cvwK¯—vwb biNvZK‡`i AwMœms‡hvM Ges
binZ¨vi welqwU e¨³ n‡q‡Q| cvwK¯—vwb- evwnbx G‡`‡ki MÖv‡g MÖv‡g
Av¸b R¡vwj‡q AÆnvwm‡Z †g‡Z D‡VwQj| gvi †Kvj †_‡K wkï‡K †K‡o wb‡q
Pvwj‡qwQj MYnZ¨v, GgbwK wcZvi mvg‡b †g‡q‡K †K‡U i³mœvb K‡i‡Q|
A_©vr, DÏxc‡Ki g~j j¶¨ AwMœms‡hvM Ges MYnZ¨vi welqwU‡Z wbweó,
hv Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU‡Z AvswkK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU‡Z gyw³hy‡×i †h eû wewPÎ wPÎ i‡q‡Q DÏxc‡K Zv †g‡j
bv| DÏxc‡K Av‡Q †Kej M‡í ewY©Z cvKevwnbxi AwMœms‡hvM Ges
binZ¨vi welqwU| ZvB ejv hvq, ÒDÏxcKwU Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwUi AvswkK
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i m¤ú~Y© bq|Ó

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

gv‡jK †g¤^vi GKRb ivRvKvi| hy‡×i mgq †m wb‡Ri MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi †W‡K G‡b
AwMœms‡hvM I gvbyl nZ¨v Kwi‡q‡Q| GQvov wgwjUvwi‡K mš‘ó ivL‡Z Avkcv‡ki
MÖvg †_‡K my›`ix †g‡q‡`i a‡i wb‡q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q K¨v‡¤ú|
K. wcÖwÝcv‡ji wcI‡bi bvg Kx? 1
L. wgwjUvwi cÖv`yf©v‡ei ci wcIb‡K †`‡L mevB ZU¯’ _vKZ †Kb? 2
M. hy‡×i mgq gv‡jK †g¤^v‡ii Kg©KvÊ Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ewY©Z 3
ivRvKvi‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi Zzjbv Ki| 4
N. gvbyl nZ¨v, bvix wbh©vZb, wgwjUvwi‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i ivRvKviiv
†`k‡`ªvnx I biNvZ‡Ki cwiPq w`‡q‡Q|Ó Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
gš—e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi Ki|
4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 BmnvK wgqv|

 hy× ïi“i ci wcÖwÝcv‡ji wcIb BmnvK-Gi ¶gZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y Zv‡K †`‡L
mevB ZU¯’ _vKZ|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wcIb BmnvK wgqv D`©y ejv ïi“ K‡i cvKevwnbxi m‡½
m¤úK© M‡o †Zv‡j| †jL‡Ki e¨½vZ¥K eY©bvq ÔBmnvK wb‡RB GLb
240 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
wgwjUvwii K‡b©j ej‡jI P‡j|Õ †Lv` K‡b©j Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j Zvi ¶gZv K‡g
Av‡m mZ¨ wKš‘ K¨v‡Þ‡bi wb‡P bvgv‡bv hv‡e bv Ges BmnvK wgqvi GB
¶gZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y wgwjUvwi cÖv`yf©v‡ei ci Zv‡K †`L‡j mevB ZU¯’
_vKZ|

 Avgv‡`i gnvb gyw³hy‡×i mgq ivRvKviiv †`k‡`ªvnx Ges cvK-wgwjUvwii

mn‡hvMxi~‡c †`Lv w`‡qwQj| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ewY©Z ivRvKviiv Ges
DÏxc‡Ki gv‡jK †g¤^vi †mB ivRvKvi‡`iB cÖwZwbwa|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ivRvKvivi cwðg cvwK¯—vwb‡`i `vjvji~‡c †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|
Zviv gnjvq gnjvq Ny‡i my›`ix †g‡q‡`i a‡i †mbv K¨v‡¤ú †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q|
wcÖwÝcvj I BmnvKI ivRvKv‡i cwiYZ n‡q D`©y fvlvq K_v e‡j‡Q|
cvKevwnbx‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q|
 byi“j û`vi †PZbv‡mªvZ †_‡K Rvb‡Z cvwi, GK m`©vi †Mv‡Qi ivRvKv‡ii
Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K©| †m wK bv UªvK UªvK gvj jyU K‡i wb‡Ri †g‡qi
evwo‡Z cvVvq| DÏxc‡K gv‡jK †g¤^viI hy‡×i mgq MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi †W‡K
G‡b AwMœms‡hvM I gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| GQvovI M‡í ewY©Z ivRvKvi‡`i
g‡Zv †m Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg †_‡K my›`ix †g‡q‡`i a‡i K¨v‡¤ú †cuŠ‡Q
w`‡q‡Q| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi mgwóMZfv‡e ivRvKviiv †hme
Kg©KvÊ K‡i‡Q GK gv‡jK †g¤^vi ivRvKv‡ii K‡g© Zvi wekvj Ask
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ivRvKvi‡`i †`k‡`ªvnx,

jyUZivR Ges `vjvj Pwi‡Îi cwiPq †g‡j| DÏxc‡KI Av‡Q Zv‡`i biNvZx I
†`k‡`ªvnx i~‡ci cwiPq|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ivRvKvi‡`i eûgyLx Kg©Kv‡Êi cwiPq †g‡j| Zviv D`©y
fvlvq K_v e‡j ¶gZv AR©b K‡i| hy‡×i mgq MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi †W‡K G‡b
MÖvgevmxi Ici wbh©vZb Pvjvq| wgwjUvwii KvQ †_‡K e›`yK wb‡q
ÔcvwK¯—vb wR›`vev`Õ †¯vMvb w`‡q †`k‡`ªvnxi cwiPq †`q| GgbwK gnj-
vq Ny‡i cvKevwnbxi Rb¨ my›`ix †g‡q‡`i a‡i wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤ú †cuŠ‡Q
†`q|
 DÏxc‡Ki gv‡jK †g¤^vi †hb M‡í ewY©Z ivRvKvi‡`i cÖwZwbwa| †m hy‡×i
mgq MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi †W‡K G‡b AwMœms‡hvM I gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
GQvov cvwK¯—vwb-wgwjUvwi‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z Av‡kcv‡ki MÖv‡gi †g‡q‡`i
a‡i †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q K¨v‡¤ú| gv‡jK †g¤^vi GKvav‡i †`k‡`ªvnx I biNvZK|
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ivRvKvi‡`i †h cwiPq Avgiv †c‡qwQ Zv‡Z Zviv †h gvbyl
nZ¨v, bvix wbh©vZb Ges cvKevwnbx‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj G wel‡q
†Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| DÏxc‡Ki ivRvKvi gv‡jK †g¤^vi Gi †_‡K e¨wZµg bq|
 myZivs GK_v Ab¯^xKvh© †h, gvbyl nZ¨v, bvix wbh©vZb, wgwjUvwi‡K
mn‡hvwMZv K‡i ivRvKviiv †`k‡`ªvnx I biNvZ‡Ki cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| ZvB
cÖ‡kœv³ gš—e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv i‡q‡Q|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

†mwjbv †nv‡mb-Gi Ôhy×Õ Dcb¨v‡m wbwLj I mijv AZ¨vPvwiZ wn›`y
m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwa| hy‡×i mgq wn›`y‡`i †e‡Q †e‡Q wbh©vZb Kiv nq|
Rxeb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ wbwLj B”Qvi wei“‡× ag©vš—wiZ nq| Uzwc gv_vq
w`‡q bvgvR c‡o †m| g‡b Amnbxq †e`bv _vK‡jI Kv‡jgv memgq gyL¯’ iv‡L|
 †iBb‡KvU 241
K. iv¯—vq †ei“‡j byi“j û`v memgq †Vuv‡Ui Ici Kx †iwW iv‡L? 1
L. byi“j û`v A‡bK myiv gyL¯’ K‡i‡Q †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wbwLj I Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi byi“j û`vi Rxeb ev¯—eZvi 3
Zzjbv Ki| 4
N. ÒRxeb ev¯—eZvi mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DMÖ mv¤cÖ`vwqK cÖeYZv
wbwL‡ji Rxeb‡K †ewk wecbœ K‡i‡Q|ÓÑ DÏxcK I Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí
Abyhvqx Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbY©q Ki|
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 cuvP Kv‡jgv †iwW iv‡L|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ byi“j û`v

hy‡×i mgq wb‡R‡K gymwjg wn‡m‡e cÖgvY Ki‡Z A‡bK myiv gyL¯’ K‡i|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í Avgv‡`i gyw³hyׇK mv¤cÖ`vwqK Bmy¨‡Z cwiPvjbv
Kivi bxjbKkv wQj| cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx Ges Zv‡`i †`vmiiv †mw`b †e‡Q
†e‡Q msL¨vjNy wn›`y‡`i nZ¨v K‡iwQj| GgbwK wgwjUvwi †PK‡cv‡÷
hvÎx‡`i †Mvcb RvqMv Zjvwm K‡i wn›`y‡`i nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv| gymwjg‡`iI
Kv‡jgv, myiv cvV Kwi‡q †invB w`Z| byi“j û`v cvKevwnbxi GB
mv¤cÖ`vwqK Bmy¨ †_‡K euvP‡Z A‡bK myiv gyL¯’ K‡i|

 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi byi“j û`v cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi,

wKš‘ GB wbh©vZb mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Rb¨ bq| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡K wbwL‡ji
Ici †h wbh©vZb P‡j‡Q Zv mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvq `yó|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í byi“j û`vi k¨vjK wg›Uz GKRb gyw³‡hv×v; wZwb wb‡R
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m‡½ m¤úK© i¶vi Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³| d‡j Zv‡K †mbv
K¨v‡¤ú Zje K‡i AgvbywlK wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bv nq| wKš‘ byi“j û`v
gvbwmK kw³ nvivqwb, KviY wZwb mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wkKvi bb| wKš‘
DÏxc‡Ki wbwLj mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wkKvi nq|
 wbwLj AZ¨vPvwiZ wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwa| d‡j Zvi Ici wQj
mv¤úª`vwqK ivRbxwZi Lo&M| hy‡×i mgq wn›`y‡`i †e‡Q †e‡Q wbh©vZb
Kiv ïi“ n‡j wbwLj B”Qvi wei“‡× ag©vš—wiZ nq| ey‡K ag©Z¨v‡Mi Amn¨
†e`bv wb‡q Uzwc gv_vq K‡jgv gyL¯’ ivLvi g‡Zv cÖnm‡bi wkKvi nq| M‡íi
byi“j û`v‡K wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Z n‡jI Ggb mv¤úª`vwqKZvi wkKvi n‡Z
nqwb| G Kvi‡Y kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi mgqI wZwb wb‡R‡K gvbwmK †hv×v
†f‡e Z…ß _v‡Kb| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki wbwL‡ji ev¯—eZv wfbœ|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm-Gi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi byi“j û`v cvwK¯—vwb

evwnbxi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki wbwL‡ji Rxe‡bi m‡½
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi welq hy³ nIqvq †m n‡q c‡o‡Q AviI wecbœ|
 k¨vjK ¯^qs exi-gyw³‡hv×v Ges K‡j‡R Kzwji QÙ‡e‡k †h gyw³evwnbx
cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj Zv‡`i m‡½I byi“j û`vi m¤úK© i¶vi Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q| ZvB
byi“j û`vi Ici gvbwmK wbh©vZb †b‡g Av‡m| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki wbwLj Ggb
kvixwiK wbh©vZb mn¨ bv Ki‡jI mv¤cÖ`vwqK wbh©vZb Zv‡K AviI †ewk
Amnvq K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
 byi“j û`v gvbwmKfv‡e wecbœ bv n‡q Ges wb‡R‡K gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m‡½
m¤úwK©Z †f‡e Me©‡eva K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ wbwLj, †h-wKbv AZ¨vPvwiZ
242 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwaÑ Rxeb euvPv‡bvi ZvwM‡` ag© Z¨vM
K‡i‡Q| Avcb ag©Z¨vM mKj gvby‡li Rb¨B †e`bvi| wbwLj GB †e`bvq
n‡q‡Q ch©y`¯—| ey‡K Amn¨ †e`bv wb‡q †m bvgvR c‡o, wb‡Ri B”Qvi
wei“‡× memgq K‡jgv gyL¯’ iv‡L| e¯‘Z hy×Kvjxb mv¤cÖ`vwqK nvgjv
Zv‡K wecbœ K‡i‡Q|
 byi“j û`v kvixwiKfv‡e wbh©vwZZ n‡jI gvbwmKfv‡e wecbœ nqwb|
wbwLjI hy×Kvjxb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi Z‡e mv¤cÖ`vwqK cÖeYZv Zv‡K
gvbwmKfv‡e wecbœ K‡i‡Q, ag©vš—wiZ K‡i‡Q| †m byi“j û`vi †_‡KI †ewk
wecbœ †ewk Amnvq|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

Zvivgb wewe 11 b¤^i †m±‡ii GKRb bvix-gyw³‡hv×v| wZwb gywne
nvwej`v‡ii Kv‡Q cÖwk¶Y †bb| AvwRR gv÷v‡ii K¨v‡¤ú wZwb gyw³evwnbxi
Rb¨ ivbœvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Gi m‡½ cyi“l †hv×v‡`i cvkvcvwk mivmwi
hy‡×I Ask †bb|
K. †÷bMvbIqvjv †QvKivi `j †bŠKv f‡i Kx wb‡q Av‡m? 1
L. ÔGw`KKvi gvbyl †Pv‡L Lvwj †bŠKv †`‡L, †bŠKv fiv A¯¿|ÕÑ 2
Dw³wU‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 3
M.DÏxc‡Ki Zvivgb wewei m‡½ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wg›Uzi PwiÎ 4
Zzjbv Ki|
N. Ôbvix I cyi“l gyw³‡hv×vi mw¤§wjZ †Póvq Avgv‡`i †`k ¯^vaxb
n‡q‡Q|ÕÑ DÏxcK I Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b Dw³wU hvPvB Ki|
6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 A¯¿ wb‡q Av‡m|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ÔGw`KKvi gvbyl †Pv‡L

Lvwj †bŠKv †`‡L, †bŠKv fiv A¯¿|ÕÑ Dw³wU‡Z gyw³evwnbxi ZrciZv‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 wgwjUvwi jvMvi ci byi“j û`v Pvievi evmv cwieZ©b K‡i| me‡kl evmvwU
kni †_‡KI `~‡i ejv hvq| evmvi c~e©w`‡K †Pv‡L c‡o wej Avi avb‡¶Z| GB
wej w`‡q †bŠKvq K‡i gyw³evwnbx A¯¿ wb‡q Av‡m, †h A¯¿ kn‡ii hy‡×
e¨eüZ nq| gyw³evwnbx evi evi Ggbfv‡e A¯¿ wb‡q G‡j Zv mvaviY gvby‡li
†PvLI Govq bv| Gw`KKvi gvbyl ZvB Lvwj †bŠKv †`‡L, †bŠKv fiv A¯¿|

 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wg›Uz GKRb m¤§yL-

hy‡×i †hv×v| wg›Uzi g‡Zv DÏxc‡Ki Zvivgb weweI bvix n‡q mivmwi hy‡×
Ask wb‡q‡Q|
 byi“j û`vi k¨vjK wg›Uz Ryb gv‡mi 23 Zvwi‡L hy‡×i D‡Ï‡k iIbv †`q| byi“j
û`vi wPš—v‡mªv‡Z aiv c‡o wg›Uzi mvnwmKZv| Zzgyj e„wói g‡a¨ wZwb
nq‡Zv †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv b`xi Zx‡i Iur †c‡Z e‡m _v‡Kb| DÏxc‡Ki Zvivgb
weweI Ggb mvnwmK GK bvix‡hv×v|
 cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx nq‡Zv MÖvg R¡vwj‡q K‡qKk gvbyl †g‡i jvk¸‡jv
Mvwo‡Z K‡i wb‡q hv‡”Q| wg›Uz †÷bMvb ZvK K‡i _v‡K H wgwjUvwi¸‡jvi
w`‡K| G †_‡K †evSv hvq, wg›Uz GKRb mvnmx I m¤§yLhy‡×i †hv×v|
 †iBb‡KvU 243
DÏxc‡Ki Zvivgb weweI 11 b¤^i †m±‡ii GKRb bvix gyw³‡hv×v| bvix n‡qI
wZwb K¨v‡¤ú ivbœv Kivi cvkvcvwk m¤§yLhy‡× Ask wb‡q‡Qb| wg›Uz I
Zvivgb `yRbB †hv×v Ges AKz‡Zvfq| wKš‘ Zvivgb wewe‡K mivmwi hy‡×
Ask †bqvi Av‡M wb‡Ri cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ Kg hy× Ki‡Z nqwb|

 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy× †Kej cyi“‡li weRq Mv_v bq, G‡`‡ki bvixi Z¨vM I
exiZ¡I ¯^vaxbZv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡iwQj| Ggb e³‡e¨i mg_©b †g‡j
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí Ges Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡K|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ cyi“‡li exiZ¡ Ges bvixi Z¨vM‡K †`Lv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| wg›Uz I Zvi mn‡hv×v‡`i exiZ¡I M‡íi GKwU cÖvš—| GQvovI
cvKevwnbxi Ges ivRvKvi‡`i Øviv G‡`‡ki bvix‡`i wbh©vZb Kivi Bw½ZI
i‡q‡Q G M‡í, hv wPwýZ K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ bvixi Z¨vM| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡K
bvixi Z¨vM bq, exiZ¡ cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q|
 DÏxc‡K Zvivgb wewe hy‡×i mg‡qi Ôexiv½bvÕ bb, eis wZwb exi bvix-
gyw³‡hv×v| wZwb GKw`‡K †hgb †mbv K¨v‡¤ú ivbœv K‡i
gyw³evwnbx‡K †mev K‡i‡Qb, Ab¨w`‡K cyi“l‡`i m‡½ GK‡hv‡M hy‡× Ask
wb‡q exi‡Z¡i cwiPh w`‡q‡Qb| Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡× †h †Kej cyi“livB hy×
K‡ibwb, bvix‡`iI mwµq AskMÖnY wQj Zvivgb weweB Zvi cÖgvY|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í bvixi Z¨vM, cyi“‡li exiZ¡ Ges DÏxc‡K Zvivgb wewei
exiZ¡ cÖgvY K‡i Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b bvix-cyi“l mK‡ji AskMÖnY
wQj| ZvB ejv hvq, Ôbvix I cyi“l gyw³‡hv×vi mw¤§wjZ †Póvq Avgv‡`i †`k
¯^vaxb n‡q‡Q|ÕÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

weªwUkiv fvi‡Zi kvmbfvi MÖnY Ki‡j A‡bK evOvwj evsjv †Q‡o Bs‡iwR fvlvq K_v ej‡Z
ïi“ K‡i| fvlv wk¶vi Rb¨ Zviv GgbwU K‡iwQj Zv bq| g~jZ †ewkifvM †jvKB Bs‡iwR
wk‡LwQj iv‡óªi my‡hvM-myweav †fvM Kivi Rb¨|
K. AvKei mvwR` †Kvb wel‡qi Aa¨vcK? 1
L. wcÖwÝcvj AvdvR Avng` AvRKvj AvKei mvwR`‡K †ZvqvR K‡ib †Kb? 2
M. we‡`wk fvlv wk¶vi †¶‡Î AvdvR Avng` Ges DÏxc‡K ewY©Z evOvwj‡`i 3
`„wófw½i mv`„k¨ †`LvI| 4
N. Ò¯^v‡_©i Kvi‡Y gvbyl gvZ…fvlv‡K Z¨vM Kivi g‡Zv KvR Abvqv‡m Ki‡Z
cvv‡i|ÓÑ DÏxcK I Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbY©q Ki|
7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 AvKei mvwR` D`©yi Aa¨vcK|

 AvLZvi“¾vgb Bwjqvm iwPZ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wcÖwÝcvj AvdvR Avng`

D`©y wk‡L wb‡Ri ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ D`©yi wk¶K AvKei mvwR`‡K †ZvqvR
Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
 D`y©i wk¶K AvKei mvwR` RvwZ‡Z cwðg cvwK¯—vwb Ges D`y©fvlx e‡j
wcÖwÝcvj AvdvR Avng` hy‡×i ïi“‡Z AvKei mvwR`‡K †Zvlv‡gvw` ïi“ K‡ib|
mvwR‡`i KvQ †_‡K wewfbœ k‡ãi D`©y A_© Rvb‡Z Zvi cÖej AvMÖn|
A_©vr, AvKei mvwR`‡K Kiv wcÖwÝcv‡ji GB †Zvqv‡R ¯úóZB ¯^v_©wPš
—v RwoZ| e¯‘Z D`y© fvlv Rvbvi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri ¯^v_©i¶vi j‡¶ wcÖwÝcvj
D`©yi wk¶K AvKei mvwR`‡K †ZvqvR K‡ib|
244 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv

 gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j Avgv‡`i †`‡ki A‡bK eyw×Rxex we‡`wk fvlv D`y©

wkL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †KejgvÎ ¯^v_©i¶vi ZvwM‡`| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi AvdvR Avng`
Ges DÏxc‡K ewY©Z evOvwj‡`i g‡a¨I Ggb `„wófw½i cwiPq †g‡j|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wcÖwÝcvj D`y© wkL‡Z †P‡qwQj Ab¨ GKwU fvlv wk¶vi
AvMÖn †_‡K bq, eis Zvi D`y© wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ ¯^v_© msi¶Y Kivi Rb¨| G
Kvi‡Y hy× ïi“ n‡j wZwb D`©yPP©vq g‡bv‡hvM †`b Ges D`y©i wk¶K
AvKei mvwR`‡K we‡klfv‡e †ZvqvR Kiv ïi“ K‡ib| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z
evOvwj‡`i `„wófw½ Gi †_‡K e¨wZµg bq|
 DÏxc‡K weªwUk‡`i fviZ kvmbfvi MÖnY Kivi mgq †_‡K G‡`‡ki A‡bK
evOvwji evsjv †Q‡o Bs‡iwR‡Z K‡_vcK_‡bi w`KwU D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q|
GwU mwZ¨ †h, ZLb A‡b‡KB GKwU we‡`wk fvlv Rvbvi AvMÖ‡n Bs‡iwR
PP©v ïi“ K‡iwQj, wKš‘ Ggb A‡b‡K wQj hviv fvlv wk¶vi Rb¨ bq, eis
Bs‡iwR wk‡L ivóªxq my‡hvM-myweav †fvM‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb|
A_©vr, AvdvR Avng` Ges DÏxc‡K ewY©Z evOvwj‡`i g‡a¨ we‡`wk wk¶vi
†¶‡Î GKB iKg ¯^v_©‡Kw›`ªK `„wófw½i cwiPq †g‡j|

 Ògvbyl ¯^fveZB gvZ…fvlv‡K fv‡jvevm‡jI Ggb A‡bK gvbyl Av‡Q, hviv

¯^v‡_©i Kvi‡Y gvZ…fvlv‡K Z¨vM Kivi g‡Zv KvR Abvqv‡m Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ó
Ggb K_vi cÖgvY †g‡j Av‡jvP¨ DÏxcK Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wcÖwÝcvj AvdvR Avng` Ges Zvi wcIb BmnvK wgqvi
gvZ…fvlv evsjv| Zviv mvaviY Ae¯’vq evsjvq K_v e‡j| wKš‘ gyw³hy× ïi“
n‡j BmnvK wgqv gvZ…fvlv evsjv †Q‡o w`‡q D`©y ejv ïi“ K‡ib| wZwb
K‡j‡R ¯’vwcZ K¨v‡¤úi wgwjUvwi‡`i m‡½ D`©y‡Z K_v e‡jb, wb‡Ri ¯^v_©
mÜvb K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K wcÖwÝcvjI D`©y‡Z mwVKfv‡e K_v ejvi bvbv †Póvq wjß
nb| D`©yi wk¶K AvKei mvwR‡`i KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wb‡Z Pvb wewfbœ evsjv k‡ãi
D`©y A_©|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi g‡Zv DÏxc‡KI †`Lv hvq, weªwUk Avg‡j A‡bK evOvwj
evsjv †Q‡o ïay ivóªxq myweav †fv‡Mi AvKv•¶vq Bs‡iwR ejv ïi“ K‡i|
Zv‡`i GB Bs‡iwR PP©vi wcQ‡b fvlv wk¶vi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn wQj bv| e¯‘Z
¯^v‡_©i Kvi‡Y †mw`b Zviv gvZ…fvlv‡K Z¨vM K‡iwQj| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí
Ges Av‡jvP¨ DÏxcK Dfq‡¶‡ÎB †`Lv hvq,gvbyl gvZ…fvlv‡K Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨
fvlv PP©v ïi“ K‡i‡Q †Kv‡bv ïf-wPš—v †_‡K bq| eis Gi wcQ‡b wµqvkxj
wQj e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©|
 cwi‡k‡l DÏxcK I Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b Ô¯^v‡_©i Kvi‡Y gvbyl gvZ…
fvlv‡K Z¨vM Kivi g‡Zv KvR Abvqv‡m Ki‡Z cv‡i|ÕÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

G‡Kev‡i w`‡b-`ycy‡i Ggb GKwU KvÊ wb‡Ri †Pv‡Li mvg‡b msNwUZ nIqvi
c‡iI Zv wek¦vm n‡Z Pvq bv| ivRavbxiI ivRavbx †h cëb-igbv, †mB cë‡b
Pviw`‡K Pvi-cuvPwU Avwg© †PK‡cv‡÷i Kov bRi`vwi Gwo‡q evqZzj
†gvKviig gv‡K©‡U we”Qy¸‡jv K‡qKwU n¨vÛ‡MÖ‡bW Qyu‡o †Mj| Avwg©
Awdmvi I Zv‡`i cwievi-cwiRb GLvbKvi gv‡K©‡U wbqwgZ †KbvKvUv K‡i| G
ai‡bi wbivcËv †Rv‡b †Mwijv we”Qy¸‡jv Awek¦vm¨fv‡e †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q
†Mj| MZ iv‡Zi †k‡li w`‡K Zviv wmw×iMÄ, †Wgiv, MveZjxi g‡Zv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
 †iBb‡KvU 245
¯’vb I cvIqvi †÷kb¸‡jvq Zzgyj nvgjv Pvjvq| Giv Kxfv‡e Gme Awek¦vm¨
`ytmvnmx Acv‡ikb Pvjvq?
K. byi“j û`vi †g‡qi eqm KZ? 1
L. K_K †Kb ej‡jb, ÒGB e„wói †gqv` Avjv w`‡j cy‡iv wZb w`b|Ó 2
M. DÏxcKwU Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †Kvb w`KwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i? 3
N. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi g~jfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki †Mwijv we”Qy¸‡jvi KZ©e¨Kg©‡K kª×v 4
Rvbv‡Z †`Lv hvq|Ñ gš—e¨wU g~j¨vqb Ki|
8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 byi“j û`vi †g‡qi eqm AvovB eQi|

 g½jevi †fv‡i e„wó ïi“ nIqvq cÖPwjZ cÖev‡` Av¯’v Ávcb K‡i †jLK Dch©y³
K_v ej‡jb|
 e„wói ¯’vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© cÖPwjZ GKwU cÖev‡` ejv n‡q‡Q, Òkwb‡Z mvZ
g½‡j wZb, Avi me w`b w`b| GUv n‡jv †Rbv‡ij †÷U‡g›U| †¯úwmwdK
K¬¨vwmwdKk‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Òg½‡j †fvi iv‡Z nBj ïi“, wZb w`b †g‡Ni
¸i“¸i“|Ó myZivs g½‡ji †fvi ivZ †_‡K e„wó ïi“ nIqvq K_K ej‡jb, ÒGB e„wói
†gqv` Avjv w`‡j cy‡iv wZb w`b|Ó

 DÏxcKwU Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi gyw³‡hv×v †Mwijv‡`i K‡jR K¨v¤úv‡m Aew¯’Z

Avwg© K¨v¤úmsjMœ ˆe`y¨wZK UªvÝdigvi I wcÖwÝcv‡ji †KvqvU©v‡i
nvgjvi w`KwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vievwnbx evsjv‡K R¡vwj‡q-cywo‡q QviLvi
K‡i aŸsm¯—~‡c cwiYZ Kivi j‡¶¨ jyɇb †g‡Z I‡V Ges nZ¨vh‡Ái gva¨‡g
G‡`‡k i‡³i b`x eB‡q †`q| wKš‘ G‡`‡ki bvbv †kªwY-†ckvi Avevj-e„×-ewYZv
cvwK¯—vwb nv‡qbv‡`i G Avµg‡Yi mgywPZ Reve †`q| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
wewfbœ †Mwijv `j nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K Avµg‡Y Avµg‡Y e¨wZe¨¯— K‡i
iv‡L|
 DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, ivRavbxiI ivRavbx †h cëb-igbv †mB cë‡bi Pviw`‡K Pvi-
cuvPwU Avwg© †PK‡cv‡÷i Kov bRi`vwi Gwo‡q evqZzj †gvKviig
gv‡K©‡U gyw³‡hv×v †Mwijviv mk¯¿ nvgjv Pvjvq| G iKg GKwU wbivcËv
†Rv‡b nvgjv K‡i wbwe©‡Nœ †ewi‡q hvIqv GKwU Awek¦vm¨ NUbvi g‡Zv
g‡b nq| GgbB GKwU Awek¦vm¨ Acv‡ikb cwiPvjbv Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íI †`Lv
hvq| kn‡ii gvSLv‡b Aew¯’Z K‡j‡Ri mvg‡bi †`qvj †Nu‡l B‡jKwUªK
UªvÝdigvi Dwo‡q w`‡q †mLvb †_‡K A‡bKLvwb c_ I bvbv ¯’vcbv Gwo‡q
Avwg© K¨v‡¤úi †Kvj †Nu‡l wcÖwÝcvj mv‡n‡ei †KvqvU©v‡i mdjfv‡e †MÖ‡bW
nvgjv‡K K_K e‡j‡Qb fqven KvÊ I Awek¦vm¨|

 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi g~jfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki †Mwijv we”Qy¸‡jvi KZ©e¨Kg©‡K kª×v

Rvbv‡Z †`Lv hvq|ÓÑ cÖ‡kœv³ gš—e¨wU h_v_©|
 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi AgvbywlK wbh©vZb, nZ¨vKvÊ
Ges aŸsmjxjvq cwiYZ nq evsjvi gvwU| Iiv Avevj-e„×-ewYZv Rb¥-g„Zz¨i
e܇b Ave× n‡q GKmv‡_ cÖwZev`gyLi n‡q I‡V Ges nv‡Z A¯¿ Zz‡j †bq,
M‡o †Zv‡j gyw³‡hv×v `j I †Mwijv evwnbx|
 DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`wL, ivRavbx kn‡ii cÖvY‡K›`ª cëb¯’ evqZzj †gvKviig
246 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
gv‡K©‡U Pvi-cuvPwU Avwg© †PK‡cv‡÷i bRi`vwi Gwo‡q †Mwijviv mdj
†evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q wbivc‡` P‡j hvq| w`‡b`ycy‡i GgbB wbivcËv †Rv‡b
AvµgY Pvwj‡q gyw³hy‡×i †Mwijv we”Qy‡`i P‡j hvIqvUv wbR †Pv‡L †`Lvi
c‡iI †jL‡Ki Awek¦vm¨ g‡b nq| DÏxc‡Ki Abyi~c Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íI †`Lv hvq,
kn‡ii gvSLv‡b Aew¯’Z K‡jR msjMœ ˆe`y¨wZK UªvÝdigvi Ges bvbv ¯’vcZ¨
cvwo w`‡q Avwg© K¨v¤úmsjMœ wcÖwÝcv‡ji †M‡U †MÖ‡bW Qyu‡o
w`‡q wbwe©‡Nœ P‡j hvq| †Mwijv‡`i G Acv‡ikb msev`wU K_‡Ki Kv‡Q
AevK KvÊ I Awek¦vm¨ †V‡K| DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi G mv`„k¨
QvovI M‡í gnvb ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³hy‡×i †Mwijv we”Qy¸‡jvi KZ©e¨Kg©‡K
bvbvfv‡e kª×v Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU GKwU gyw³hy×wbf©i Mí| G M‡í K_K wb‡R gyw³hy‡×
kwiK n‡Z bv cvi‡jI hy‡× AskMÖnY Kiv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i bvbv Acv‡ikb
msev‡` g‡b g‡b Drdzj n‡q‡Qb, Mwe©Z n‡q‡Qb| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi
g~jfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki †Mwijv we”Qy‡`i KZ©e¨Kg©‡K kª×v Rvbv‡Z †`Lv hvq|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

AvRM‡ii gv `yÕgvm Av‡MI gnjvi Gi-Ii evmvq wS‡qi KvR K‡i P‡j‡Q Avi AvRMi
miKvi gwćji wewoi KviLvbvq wewo euvavi KvR K‡i‡Q| cuwP‡k gv‡P©i
Kvjiv‡Zi ci kn‡i Avwg© bvgvq mewKQy cv‡ë †M‡Q| wenvwi AvRMi GLb
†gvMjUzwji BRviv`vi bv n‡jI †dŠR`vi e‡b †M‡Q| G‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z Rb¥ n‡jI Zvi
gy‡L GLb evsjv K_v †kvbvB hvq bv| Zvi D`©yi †Zv‡o Kzwgjv nvB¯‹z‡ji
D`©y wk¶K midivR Avjx ch©š— wngwkg Lvb| G gvwUi Kzjv½vi AvRMi
gyw³‡`i Luy‡R †ei K‡i mvwK©U nvD‡mi Avwg© K¨v‡¤ú †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z eo
Zrci wQj|
K. Kvi Rb¨ byi“j û`v‡K G·Uªv ZU¯’ _vK‡Z nq? 1
L. wcqb‡K Rwo‡q a‡i Pzgy †L‡Z B”Qv K‡iwQj †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki AvRMi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZ”Qwe? 3
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki AvRMiivB Õ71-G G‡`‡ki jv‡Lv RbZv nZ¨vq BÜb
hywM‡qwQj|ÓÑ e³e¨ wel‡qi h_v_©Zv wbi~cY Ki|
9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 wg›Uzi Rb¨ byi“j û`v‡K G·Uv ZU¯’ _vK‡Z nq|

 wcq‡bi gyL `k©‡b cvwK¯—vwb wgwjUvwii fq †K‡U hvIqvq Zv‡K Rwo‡q

a‡i Pzgy †L‡Z B”Qv K‡iwQj|
 `iRvq cÖej Kov bvovi k‡ã K_K nvbv`vi NvZK cvwK¯—vwb wgwjUvwii
nvbv †`qvi AvZ‡¼ wkD‡i DV‡jb| gymjgvb ixwZ Abymv‡i Pig wec‡`i
mg‡h cov ÒAvjvû¤§v Bbœv Avš—v myenvbvKv Bwš— Kzš‘ wgbvR
†Rvqv‡jwgbÓI c‡o †d‡j‡b| `yi“ `yi“ ey‡K `iRv Ly‡j K_K †`L‡Z cvb
nvbv`vi NvZK bq, wcÖwÝcv‡ji wcqb| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z K_‡Ki wcqb‡K
Rwo‡q a‡i Pzgy †L‡Z B”Qv K‡iwQj|

 DÏxc‡Ki AvRMi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcv‡ji wcqb BmnvK wgqvi Pwi‡Îi

cÖZxK|
 Õ71-Gi cuwP‡k gvP© ga¨iv‡Zi ci cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx wbg©g
 †iBb‡KvU 247
aŸsmhÁ I ee©‡ivwPZ nZ¨vKvÊ Pvwj‡q Avengvb MÖvgevsjvi kvš—msnZ
Rxeb‡K ZQbQ K‡i †`q| Zv‡`i G N„Y¨ Kv‡R G‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnYKvix, G‡`‡ki
Av‡jvÑnvIqv-Rj-A‡bœ cÖwZcvwjZ wKQy `yivPvi, MvÏvi cï ˆmb¨‡`i w`‡K
mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evwo‡q †`q|
 DÏxc‡Ki AvRMi GgbB GK `yivPvix MvÏv‡ii Rxeš— cÖwZg~wZ©| G‡`‡k
evm K‡i G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ici cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi mnvqZvKvix
wn‡m‡e gnjvi Kv‡Ri wSÕi †Q‡j gnjvi †dŠR`vi e‡b hvq| evsjvq Rb¥ †bqv
Zvi gy‡L cuwP‡k gv‡P©i ci †_‡K D`©yi †Zv‡o ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri D`©yi wk¶KivI
wngwkg Lvb| G Kzjv½vi GjvKvi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Luy‡R †ei K‡i cvwK¯—
vwb evwnbxi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`q| DÏxc‡Ki AvRM‡ii Abyi~c Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í
wcÖwÝcv‡ji wcqb BmnvK wgqvI cuwP‡k gv‡P©i ci †_‡K evsjv Revb
G‡Kev‡i fy‡j †M‡Q| Zvi D`©yi †Zv‡o ¯^qs wcÖwÝcvjI Mj`Ng© n‡q c‡ob|
myZivs DÏxc‡Ki AvRMi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcv‡ji wcqb BmnvK wgqv
Pwi‡Îi cÖwZ”Qwe|

 ÒDÏxc‡Ki AvRMiivB Õ71-G †`‡ki jv‡Lv RbZv nZ¨vi BÜb RywM‡qwQj|Ó

cÖ‡kœv³ G gš—e¨wU HwZnvwmKfv‡e h_v_©|
 1971 mv‡ji cuwP‡k gv‡P©i ci cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx evsjvq
cÖ‡ek K‡i kvwš—wcÖq wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Nievwo Ges wewfbœ ¯’vei I
A¯’vei m¤úwˇZ jyÉb I AwMœms‡hvM K‡i| Zv‡`i G N„Y¨ Kv‡Ri †`vmi
wQj G‡`‡kiB KwZcq Kyjv½vi|
 DÏxc‡K AvRMi cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi Kg©Kv‡Êi ci GjvKvq Kv‡Ri
wSi †Q‡j †_‡K †dŠR`vi e‡b hvq| evsjvq Rb¥ wb‡qI †m evsjv Revb fy‡j
Aweivg D`©y †evjPvj Qvo‡Z _v‡K| GjvKvq gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Luy‡R cvwK¯—
vwb evwnbxi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z †m m`vm‡Pó| GgbB Av‡iKwU PwiÎ n‡jv
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcv‡ji wcqb BmnvK wgqv| wgwjUvwi Avmvi ci
†_‡K †m wb‡RB GKRb K‡b©j e‡b †M‡Q| D`©y †evjPvj Qvov evsjv Rev‡b
†m GLb Avi K_v e‡j bv| wgwjUvwii cÖv`yf©v‡ei ci †_‡K Zv‡K †`‡L K‡j‡Ri
mevB ZU¯’| DÏxc‡Ki AvRMi Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi BmnvK wgqviv G
RvwZi Kzjv½vi |
 G †`k, G Rbc` m¤ú~Y© A‡Pbv cvwK¯—vwb cï‡`i Kv‡Q, Zv‡`i c_-NvU
wPwb‡q w`‡q evsjvi wKQy Kzjv½vi `yivPvivB evsjvi, evOvwji mg~n
me©bvk K‡iwQj| DÏxc‡Ki AvRMi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi BmnvK wgqv‡`i g‡Zv
MvÏvi‡`i Kvi‡YB cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`v, cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym mvËvi g„avi g‡Zv kZ
mnmª †`k‡cÖwgK eyw×Rxex wbg©g wbh©vZb I nZ¨vKv‡Êi wkKvi nb|
cÖ‡kœv³ gš—e¨wU ZvB h_v_©|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

wkewji eo fvB GKRb kwn` eyw×Rxex| Õ71-G XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK
wQ‡jb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cuwP‡k gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Z †h µ¨vKWvDb n‡qwQj,
Zvi Rb¨ cvwK¯—vwb ee©i nvbv`vi‡`i wZwb KL‡bv ¶gv K‡ibwb| cvwK¯—
vwb iv‡óªi g„Zz¨i Rb¨ Gi mvgwiK evwnbxB †h `vqx Zv †LvjvLywj ej‡Zb| `y-
GKRb wnZvKv•¶x cÖvYUv euvPv‡Z gyL ey‡R _vK‡Z ej‡jI cvwK¯—vwb
Ryjyg I Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev‡` wZwb wQ‡jb †mv”Pvi| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †hme QvÎ
gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Q wZwb Zv‡`i f~qmx cÖksmvI Ki‡Zb| 1971-Gi 14
wW‡m¤^i iv‡Z cvvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi‡`i G‡`kxq †`vmiiv Zuv‡K evmv †_‡K
248 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
Zz‡j wb‡q hvq| ciw`b iv‡qievRvi ea¨f~wg‡Z Zuvi ¶Z-we¶Z jvk cvIqv
wM‡qwQj|
K. BmnvK †Kvb wel‡qi cÖ‡dm‡ii evwoi w`‡K iIbv n‡jv? 1
L. wgwjUvwi Avµg‡Yi ci †_‡K Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi K_K Pvievi evwo 2
cvëv‡jb †Kb? 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki wkewji eo fvB Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcvj mv‡n‡ei 4
ga¨Kvi ˆemv`„k¨ wbi~cY Ki|
N. DÏxcK I Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi kwn` eyw×Rxexi g‡Zv kZ-mnmª kwn`
eyw×Rxexi Z¨v‡M Avgiv Kvw•¶Z ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡iwQ| G wel‡q
†Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

 BmnvK wRIMÖvwdi cÖ‡dm‡ii evwoi w`‡K iIbv n‡jv|

 cÖwZ‡ekx I wgwjUvwii Kv‡Q k¨vjK wg›Uzi gyw³hy‡× †hvM`v‡bi K_v

Avovj Ki‡ZB wgwjUvwi Avµg‡Yi ci †_‡K Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi K_K Pvievi
evwo cvëv‡jb|
 wg›Uz K_‡Ki evwo‡Z †_‡KB gvbyl| hy‡×i ïi“‡ZB †m mxgvš— cvi n‡q
gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`q| welqwU Aei“× XvKvq AvUKvcov K_‡Ki Rb¨ n‡q‡Q
fqven wec‡`i| nvbv`vi evwnbx e¨vcviwU Rvb‡jB K_K‡K Z_¨ †ei Kivi bv‡g
bvbv kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZb Ki‡e| G Kvi‡Y nvb`vi wgwjUvwi I
cÖwZ‡ekxi Kv‡Q k¨vj‡Ki hy‡× Mg‡bi Z_¨ Avovj Ki‡Z K_K Pvievi evmv
cvëv‡jb|

 DÏxc‡Ki wkewji eo fvB Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcvj mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨

we¯—i ˆemv`„k¨ we`¨gvb|
 evsjvi mvaviY gvbyl †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †`‡ki †MŠie e‡j we‡ewPZ eyw×RxexivI
cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi nZ¨vKvÊ †_‡K †invB cvqwb| wKš‘ evOvwj
RvwZ GKmgq i“‡L `uvovq, hw`I wKQy `ye©jwP‡Ëi †jvK nvbv`vi‡`i
†ZvqvR K‡i †eu‡P _vKvi c_ †e‡Q †bq|
 DÏxc‡K wkewji eo fvB GKRb kwn` eyw×Rxex| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GB
Aa¨vcK cuwP‡k gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Z µ¨vKWvD‡bi Rb¨ cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi
evwnbx‡K KL‡bv ¶gv K‡ibwb| cvwK¯—vwb Ryjyg I Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev‡`
wZwb wQ‡jb †mv”Pvi| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †hme QvÎ gyw³hy‡× †hvM
w`‡qwQj wZwb Zv‡`i f~qmx cÖksmv Ki‡Zb| DÏxc‡Ki wkewji eo fvB‡qi
m¤ú~Y© wecixZ Pwi‡Îi n‡jv Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcvj mv‡ne| G
wcÖwÝcvj mv‡ne cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ w`bivZ †`vqv-`i“` c‡o, mgq †bB
Amgq †bB Avjvni `iev‡i KvbœvKvwU K‡i Ges mgq K‡i KwjM‡`i
MvjvMvwjI K‡i| GwcÖj gv‡mi gvSvgvwS G wcÖwÝcvj wgwjUvwii
eoKZ©v‡`i Kv‡Q mweb‡q wb‡e`b K‡iwQj cvwK¯—vb‡K hw` euvPv‡Z nq
†Zv me ¯‹zj-K‡jR †_‡K kwn` wgbvi nUvI| Gme e¨vcv‡i DÏxc‡Ki wkewji eo
fvB Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcvj mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨ e¨vcK cv_©K¨
cwijw¶Z nq|

 evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv j¶ cÖv‡Yi `vb| GB j¶ cÖv‡Yi g‡a¨ kwn`-

eyw×Rxex‡`i Z¨vM wQj AwZ g~j¨evb GK gnrKg©|
 †iBb‡KvU 249
 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vievwnbx AvZwK©‡Z evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i
kvš—-wmœ» evsjvq AwMœms‡hvM, jyÉb, nZ¨vKvÊ, wbh©vZb BZ¨vw`i
gva¨‡g evsjv I evOvwji RbRxeb ZQbQ K‡i †`q| †`‡ki cÖw_Zhkv
eyw×RxexivI Zv‡`i wbg©g nZ¨vKvÊ †_‡K †invB cvqwb|
 DÏxc‡Ki wkewji eo fvB GKRb kwn` eyw×Rxex| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi G
Aa¨vcK cvwK¯—vwb †mbvevwnbxi AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡`
wQ‡jb †mv”Pvi| `y-GKRb wnZvKv•¶x cÖvYUv euvPv‡Z gyL ey‡R _vK‡Z
ej‡jI Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev‡` wZwb †hgb †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb, †Zgwb
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †hme QvÎ gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Q Zv‡`i f~qmx cÖksmvI
Ki‡Zb| 1971-Gi 14 wW‡m¤^i Zuv‡K evmv †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q iv‡qievRvi
ea¨f~wg‡Z nZ¨v Kiv nq| DÏxc‡Ki wkewji eo fvB‡qi, g‡Zv GgbB mr-
mvnmx-wbf©©xK-†`k‡cÖwgK eyw×Rxex Avgiv Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi
cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`v, cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym mvËvi g„avi gv‡S †`L‡Z cvB|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`vi g‡a¨ mwZ¨Kvi †`k‡cÖg,
wbf©xKZv I `ytmvnm dz‡U I‡V cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi‡`i kZ wbh©vZ‡bi
gy‡LI gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Av¯—vbvi Z_¨ bv †`Iqvq| †Zgwb DÏxc‡Ki wkewji eo
fvB Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`v, cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym mvËvi
g„av‡`i g‡Zv kZ-mnmª eyw×Rxexi AvZ¥Z¨v‡M Avgiv Kvw•¶Z
¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡iwQ|

Abykxjbxi cÖ‡kœvËi Shy×Kvjxb Aei“× gvby‡li DrKÉv

1. Kvi Revwb‡Z Ò†iBb‡KvUÓ M‡íi 4. D³ fvewU †h ev‡K¨ cÖKvk
AwaKvsk NUbv wee„Z n‡q‡Q? †c‡q‡Q Zv n‡jvÑ
K Ave`ym mvËvi g„av L W. K wgmwµqvb †jvM B‡jKwUwi
AvdvR Avng` †Uivbmdvg©vi †Zvi w`qv
M AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm S byi“j L GKUv wRc DovBqv w`‡Q, Kgc‡¶ cuvPUv
û`v Lvb‡mbv LZg
2. byi“j û`v‡K cvvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi M byi“j û`vi Szjš— kixi GZUvB Kuv‡c †h
evwnbxi Zje Kivi KviYÑ Pvey‡Ki evwoi w`‡K Avi g‡bv‡hvM
K KgvÛv‡ii wb‡`©‡k Q †`Iqv n‡q I‡V bv
wcÖwÝcv‡ji Awf‡hvM N eD‡qi GB fvBUvi Rb¨B Zv‡K G·Uªv
M gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mn‡hvMx †f‡e N Zv‡K ZU¯’ _vK‡Z nq
gyw³‡hv×v m‡›`‡n
 Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 msL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbvi KZ©„K
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : hvPvBK…Z eûwbe©vPwb
gyw³‡dŠR! K_vUv GZ fvix †h GB iKg cÖ‡kœvËi
AZ¨vPvix ˆmb¨ w`‡q †Niv Aei“× XvKv mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb
kn‡i e‡m gyw³‡dŠR kãUv ïb‡jI †Kgb †hb cÖ‡kœvËi
Awek¦vm¨ g‡b nq| Avevi IB Awek¦v‡mi
†fZi †_‡K GKUv Avkv, GKUv fimvi fve K †jLK cwiwPwZ : (†evW©
ax‡i ax‡i g‡bi †Kv‡Y †R‡M DV‡Z _v‡K| eB †_‡K)
3. Aby‡”Q‡` Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †Kvb 5. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm 1943
fv‡ei cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? mv‡ji KZ Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
K cvK nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZv K 11B †deª“qvwi Q 12 B
L gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A`g¨ kw³-mvnm †deª“qvwi
M gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ Mfxi Av¯’v M13B †deª“qvwi N 14B †deª“qvwi
250 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
6. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡b †Kvb †Rjvq? 16. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi MíKvi †K?
P e¸ov L w`bvRcyi M K Rwni ivqnvb Q AvLZvi“¾vgvb
MvBevÜv N cÂMo Bwjqvm
7. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm †Kvb M kIKZ Imgvb N KvRx †gvZv‡ni
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K mœvZK I †nv‡mb
mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib? 17. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm
P XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq L †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq K evevi evwo‡Z L AvZ¥x‡qi
M PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq N evwo‡Z
Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq M Abv_ Avkª‡g S gvZzjvj‡q
8. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi 18. ÔwP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvBÕ
cuvPwU MíMÖ‡š’ KqwU Mí Dcb¨v‡mi †cÖ¶vcU Kx?
msKwjZ Av‡Q? P Ebmˇii MYAv‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU
P 28wU L 29wU M 30wU
L dwKi-mbœ¨vmx Av‡›`vj‡bi
M 31wU
†cÖ¶vcU
9. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ M †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU
Ô†LvqvebvgvÕ Kx ai‡bi iPbv? N GKvËi mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i Kvwnwbi
K †QvUMí Q Dcb¨vm
†cÖ¶vcU
M bvUK N cÖeÜ
19. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm g~jZ
10. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi KqwU
†QvUMí MÖš’ i‡q‡Q?
Kx wQ‡jb?
K MíKvi Q K_vmvwnwZ¨K
P 5wU L 6wU M 7wU N 8wU
M mvsevw`K N
11. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi wcZ…
Jcb¨vwmK
cÖ`Ë bvg Kx?
K †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi“¾vgvb L
20. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm MÖš’ †KvbwU?
M †gvnv¤§` Bwjqvm DwÏb K Pvi BqvwZi K_v L ms¯‹…wZ K_v

S AvLZvi“¾vgvb †gvnv¤§` Bwjqvm R ms¯‹…wZi fvOv †mZz N wk¶v I

12. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi gvZvi gbyl¨Z¡

bvg Kx? 21. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm †Kvb
K g‡bvqviv Bwjqvm Q gwiqg cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib?
Bwjqvm K ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi L GKz‡k c`K
M kwidv Bwjqvm N R evsjv GKv‡Wwg N gy³aviv cyi¯‹vi
mvgmyb bvnvi Bwjqvm 22. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ
13. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm 1997 Dcb¨v‡mi msL¨v KqwU?
mv‡ji KZ Zvwi‡L g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib? P `ywU K wZbwU M PviwU N
K c‡njv Rvbyqvwi L †`vmiv wZbwU
Rvbyqvwi 23. Ô`y‡a fv‡Z DrcvZÕ MíMÖ‡š’i
M †Zmiv Rvbyqvwi S †PŠVv iPwqZv †K?
Rvbyqvwi K kIKZ Imgvb Q AvLZvi“¾vgvb
14. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm †Kvb Bwjqvm
†iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q g„Zz¨eiY M KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg N nvmvb
K‡ib? AvwRRyj nK
K RwÛm Q K¨vÝvi M K‡jiv N
24. gnvKvwe¨K iPbv wb‡Pi
abyó¼vi
†KvbwU?
15. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm †Kvb P wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvB L Ab¨ N‡i
MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? Ab¨ ¯^i
K mvMi`uvwo MÖv‡g L M †Lvqvwi N
Pzi“wjqv MÖv‡g †`vR‡Li Ig
R †MvnvwU MÖv‡g N ksKicvkv
 †iBb‡KvU 251
25. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Dcb¨vm? M wgwjUvwii eo KZ©v‡K S
K Avgvi Awek¦vm L Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯^i BmnvK‡K
R †Lvqvebvgv N QvocÎ 36. GwcÖ‡ji ïi“ †_‡K †K evsjv ejv
26. Ô†`vR‡Li IgÕ AvLZvi“¾vgvb †Q‡o‡Q?
Bwjqv‡mi †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? P BmnvK L K‡b©j M Avmgv N
K Dcb¨vm L cÖeÜ R wg›Uz
MíMÖš’ N bvUK 37. cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ w`bivZ †K
27. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi iPwqZv †`vqv `i“` c‡o?
K Avmgv L wg›Uz R
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm?
wcÖwÝcvj N BmnvK
P †Lvqvebvgv L b~ibvgv
38. cvwK¯—vb euvPv‡Z n‡j ¯‹zj K‡jR
M R½bvgv N
†_‡K kwn` wgbvi nUv‡Z n‡e|
mdibvgv
wb‡e`bwU †K wgwjUvwii eo
28. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm iwPZ
KZ©v‡`i Kv‡Q K‡iwQj?
†QvU Mí MÖ‡š’i msL¨v KqwU?
K wg›Uz L byi“j û`v R
K 7wU L 2wU M 3wU S 5wU
wcÖwÝcvj N BmnvK
29. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm KZ
39. cvwK¯—v‡bi cvK mvd kixiUv‡K
mv‡j Ôevsjv GKv‡WwgÕ bx‡ivM Ki‡Z n‡j Gme KuvUv
cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib? Icov‡Z n‡e|Ñ Dw³wU‡Z
K 1989 mv‡j Q 1983 mv‡j
ÔKuvUvÕ ej‡Z †Kvb
M 1971 mv‡j N 1977 mv‡j
wRwbmwU‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
30. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm KZ K gyw³hy‡×i Mvb Q kwn` wgbvi
mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib? M gyw³‡hv×v N k¨vgv
K 1977 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi L 1996 m½xZ
mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi 40. ÔAvmgvÕ m¤ú‡K© wg›Uzi Kx
R 1997 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi N 2000 nq?
mv‡ji 11 A‡±vei K `~im¤ú‡K©i †evb Q Avcb
L g~j cvV : (†evW© eB †_‡K) †evb
31. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í KLb †_‡K e„wó ïi“i M PvPv‡Zv †evb N gvgv‡Zv †evb
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 41. gMevRv‡ii d¬¨vU †_‡K wg›Uz
P †fvi ivZ †_‡K L mKvj †_‡K K‡e P‡j hvq?
M weKvj †_‡K N ivZ †_‡K K RyjvB gv‡mi 23 Zvwi‡L Q Ryb
32. B‡jKwUªK Uª¨vvÝdg©viwU gv‡mi 23 Zvwi‡L
Kx‡mi †`qvj †Nu‡l wQj? M †g gv‡mi 23 Zvwi‡L N gvP©
P K‡j‡Ri mvg‡bi L K‡j‡Ri wcQ‡bi gv‡mi 23 Zvwi‡L
M evwoi mvg‡bi N evwoi wcQ‡bi 42. cÖ‡dmi evwo e`jvevi Rb¨ n‡b¨ n‡q
33. wcÖwÝcv‡ji †KvqvU©viwU †j‡M †Mj †Kb?
†Kv_vq? K cv‡ki evwo‡Z †Mvjv¸wj ï‡b
K gvV †cwi‡q Wvb w`‡K Q gvV L wgwjUvwi‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i
†cwi‡q euv w`‡K R cv‡ki d¬¨v‡Ui gwnjvi K_v ï‡b
M gv‡Vi mxgvbvq N gv‡Vi wcQb N gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Avkªq †`evi f‡q
w`‡K 43. wgwjUvwi jvMvi ci †_‡K Zviv
34. wcÖwÝcv‡ji †KvqvU©v‡ii m‡½ Kqevi evwo cvwë‡qwQj?
Avi Kx wQj? K GKevi L `yevi M wZbevi S
K wcI‡bi evwo L miKvwi Awdm Pvievi
R wgwjUvwi K¨v¤ú N K‡j‡Ri Awdm 44. I‡qjwWs IqvK©k‡ci gvwj‡Ki k¦ïi
35. wgwjUvwi cÖv`yf©v‡ei ci †_‡K Kx wQj?
Kv‡K †`‡L K‡j‡Ri mevB ZU¯’ K gyw³‡hv×v Q
wQj? ivRvKvi
K K‡b©j‡K L M †PvivKvievix N my` e¨emvqx
Avng`‡K
252 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
45. GB fvB‡K wb‡q GiKg evovevwo 56. byi“j û`v †Kvb wel‡qi †jKPvivi
KivUv wK Avmgvi wVK n‡”Q? wQ‡jb?
evK¨wU‡Z ÔevovevwoÕ ej‡Z Kx K evsjv L Aviwe R †Kwgw÷ª
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? N D`©y
K wg›Uz‡K cÖkªq †`qv 57. wgwjUvwiiv byi“j û`v‡K a‡i
L wg›Uz‡K wgwjUvwii c¶ wb‡Z ejv wb‡q wM‡q cÖ_‡g Kx wel‡q
R wg›Uzi m‡½ cÖ‡dm‡ii ˆ`‡N©¨i cÖkœ K‡i?
Zzjbv †`qv K evwoi wel‡q L KwjM‡`i wel‡q
N wg›Uzi m‡½ cÖ‡dm‡ii Kv‡Ri Zzjbv M wg›Uzi wel‡q S K‡j‡Ri wel‡q
†`qv 58. K‡j‡R †gvU KUv Avjgvwi Avbv
46. cÖ‡dmi Kvi Ô†iBb‡KvUwUÕ c‡i? n‡q‡Q e‡j Ôbyi“j û`vÕ
P kvjvi L fvB‡qi M eÜzi N Kwj‡Mi wgwjUvwi‡`i Rvbvq?
47. Avmgvi †Q‡ji eqm KZ eQi? K wZbwU L PviUv M
K wZb eQi L Pvi eQi R cuvP cuvPwU S `kwU
eQi N Qq eQi 59. wgwjUvwiiv kvš— Mjvq Kv‡K `‡ji
48. †iBb‡KvUwU Kx i‡Oi g‡Zv mwµq m`m¨ e‡j g‡b K‡i?
†`Lvw”Qj? K AvdvR mv‡ne‡K Q wg›Uz‡K
K LvwK i‡Oi Q gvwU i‡Oi M byi“j û`v‡K N Avãym
M Kv‡jv i‡Oi N QvB i‡Oi mvËvi‡K
49. ÔAvKei mvwR`Õ †Kvb wel‡qi 60. wgwjUvwi Kv‡`i‡K QÙ‡ekx
cÖ‡dmi wQ‡jb? wgmwµ‡q›U g‡b K‡i?
K evsjv L Aviwe M dviwm S K wk¶K‡`i Q
D`©y Kzwj‡`i
50. wcÖwÝcv‡ji bvg Kx wQj? M ev‡mi hvÎx‡`i N wcIb‡`i
P AvdvR Avng` L Aveivi Avn‡g` 61. Ôel©vKv‡jB †Zv RyrÕ K_vUv †K
M Avmv` Avn‡g` N Avnbvd Avng` e‡jwQj?
51. cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`v hLb †iBb‡KvU K wcIb L wcÖwÝcvj R Kzwj
c‡i nuvUwQj †m mgq †Kvb FZz N byi“j û`v
wQj? 62. byi“j û`v †h wgmwµ‡q‡›Ui
K MÖx®§ L el©v R †ngš mwµq m`m¨, wgwjUvwiiv
— N kxZ Av‡iKUz wbwðZ nq Kxfv‡e?
52. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í K‡j‡Ri wcIbwUi P Zvi †gŠbZvq L ¯^xKv‡ivw³‡Z
bvg Kx wQj? M wPrKvi K‡i A¯^xKvi Kivq N
K BmgvBj L BmwZqvK Kzwj‡`i m¤ú‡K© ejvq
R BmnvK N Bmjvg 63. byi“j û`v‡K Kx‡mi m‡½
53. ÔAve`ym mvËvi g„avÕ †Kvb wgwjUvwiiv Szwj‡q †`q?
wel‡qi cÖ‡dmi wQ‡jb? K i‡Wi m‡½ L d¨v‡bi m‡½
K evsjv L †Kwgw÷ª M D`©y R Qv‡`i jvMv‡bv AvsUvi m‡½ N `woi
S wRIMÖvwd m‡½
54. Pjš— evm †_‡K `yRb hvÎx †b‡g hvq, 64. byi“j û`vi kix‡i wgwjUvwii Pvey‡Ki
Zv‡`i‡K Kx e‡j g‡b nq? evwo Kx e‡j g‡b nq?
P wµwgbvj, †Pvi A_ev c‡KUgvi K Amn¨ hš¿Yv Q †mªd DrcvZ
L gyw³‡hv×v A_ev K‡jR co–qv QvÎ M fqsKi AZ¨vPvi N weiwZnxb
M ivRvKvi A_ev WvKvZ AvNvZ
N †Pvi A_ev WvKvZ 65. †iBb‡KvUUv Ly‡j †dj‡jI byi“j û`vi
55. ev‡m e‡m byi“j û`v g~jZ Kv‡`i kix‡i Kx Abyf~Z nq?
m¤ú‡K© fvewQj? P †iBb‡Kv‡Ui Ig L †iBb‡Kv‡Ui
K †Pvi, WvKvZ Q ivRvKvi †fRv MÜ
M gyw³‡hv×v N M †iBb‡Kv‡Ui kxZjZv N †iBb‡Kv‡Ui
mnKg©x cyi‡bv MÜ
66. byi“j û`vi †g‡qi eqm KZ wQj?
 †iBb‡KvU 253
K wZb eQi L Pvi eQi 74. Ôev‡mi †jvK `y‡Uv cvwj‡q †Mj Zv‡K
M mv‡o Pvi eQi S AvovB eQi †`‡LB|Õ byi“j û`v Gi KviY wn‡m‡e
67. Ô†Wªwms †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b `uvwo‡q †KvbwU‡K mbv³ Ki‡jv ?
wb‡Ri bZzbi~‡c †m f¨vevP¨vKv Lvq| K Zvi †Pnviv L Zvi
Õ Dw³wU Kvi m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q? D”PZv
P wcÖwÝcvj L wcIb M byi“j R ci‡bi †iBb‡KvU N gv_vi Uzwc
û`v N wg›Uz 75. wgwjUvwi Awdmvi‡K †`‡L
68. ÔH wVKvbvUv e‡j w`‡j Zv‡K wcÖwÝcv‡ji Kv‡jv gyL †e¸wb nq
mm¤§v‡b †Q‡o †`Iqv n‡e|Õ Kv‡`i †Kb?
wVKvbvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K D‡ËRbvq Q f‡q M `ywðš
P gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wVKvbv L —vq N DrKÉvq
wcÖwÝcv‡ji wVKvbv 76. ÔAvgvi bvg? mwZ¨ e‡j‡Q? Avgvi
M cÖ‡dmi‡`i wVKvbv N D`©y bvg e‡j‡Q? evK¨wU‡Z byi“j û`vi
cÖ‡dm‡ii wVKvbv Kx ai‡bi g‡bvfve wee„Z n‡q‡Q?
69. ÔwcIb wK Zv‡K wgmwµqv›U‡`i P ARvbv fq
†jvK fv‡e bvwK?Õ evK¨wU‡Z L gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ Av‡¶c
Ôwgmwµqv›UÕ ej‡Z g~jZ Kv‡`i M gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ Mfxi
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? Abyf~wZ
K wgwjUvwi Q N gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ wei~c
gyw³‡hv×v g‡bvfve
M ivRvKvi N 77. ÔZvi †gŠbZv wgwjUvwi‡K Av‡iKUz
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cwievi wbwðZ K‡i †Kb?
70. ÔcvwK¯—vb hw` euvPv‡Z nq †Zv K †gŠbZv m¤§wZi j¶Y e‡j
¯‹zj K‡jR †_‡K kwn` wgbvi nUvI|Õ L cÖ_g †_‡KB wZwb †gŠb wQ‡jb e‡j
evK¨wU‡Z kwn` wgbvi cÖK…Zc‡¶ M †gŠbZv Zv‡`i my‡hvM K‡i †`q e‡j
Kx‡mi cÖZxK? S wgwjUvwiiv c~e© †_‡KB Zvi m¤ú‡K©
P evOvwj RvZxqZvev` weKv‡ki AeMZ wQj e‡j
cÖZxK 78. ZvivI Zv‡K †P‡b Ges Zvi Ici Zv‡`i
L evOvwj RvwZi cÖZxK Av¯’vI Kg bq| GLv‡b g~jZ Kv‡`i
M ¯§„wZi¶vi cÖZxK N Av¯’vi K_v ejv n‡”Q?
evsjvfvlv PP©vi cÖZxK K wgwjUvwi‡`i Av¯’v Q
71. wgwjUvwi‡`i kwn` wgbvi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Av¯’v
nUv‡bvi civg‡k©i ga¨ w`‡q M KwjM‡`i Av¯’v N cwiev‡ii Av¯’v
wcÖwÝcv‡ji Pwi‡Î Kx cÖKvk 79. byi“j û`vi R¡jš— kixi Kuvc‡Z
†c‡q‡Q? _v‡K †Kb?
K wgwjUvwi‡`i m‡PZb Kiv Q K wgwjUvwi‡`i f‡q L cwiev‡ii `ywðš
wgwjUvwi‡`i †Zvlv‡gvw` —vq
M wgwjUvwi‡`i mvnm †RvMv‡bv M Amn¨ hš¿Yv I AvNv‡Z
N wgwjUvwi‡`i mr civgk© †`qv S gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© ivLvi
72. Ô†iwWI †Uwjwfk‡b ni`g ej‡Q, D‡ËRbvq
wmPz‡qkb bg©vj|Õ byi“j û`vi G 80. Pvey‡Ki evwoi w`‡K Zvi Avi
ai‡bi wPš—vi †bc‡_¨ †Kvb g‡bv‡hvM †`qv n‡q I‡V bv †Kb?
welqwU KvR K‡i‡Q? K g„Zy¨ wbwðZ Rvbvq
K mvnm Q fq M †¶vf N Av‡¶c L ax‡i ax‡i kixi Aek nIqvq
73. Ô†eŠ‡qi GB fvBUvi R‡b¨B Zv‡K M µgvMZ Pvey‡Ki evwo LvIqvq
G·Uªv ZU¯’ n‡q _vK‡Z nq|Õ †Kb? S gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m¤ú‡K© Mfxi
K fvBwU wQj fxZz Q fvBwU fvebvq
gyw³‡hv×v 81. †`k‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ 1971 mv‡j
M fvBwU `~‡i _vKZ N fvBwU gyw³‡hv×viv AKvZ‡i cÖvY `vb
wQj Kvgvi K‡ib| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í
254 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Ab¨ Avi GKwU K Acivaxiv aiv covq
bv‡g wPb‡Z cvwi| †mwU Kx? L Acivaxiv Aciva ¯^xKvi Kivq
K gyw³evwnbx Q wgmwµqv›U R evm †_‡K Acivaxiv †b‡g hvIqvq
M gyw³‡dŠR N N Acivax‡`i evm †_‡K bvwg‡q
gyw³Kvgx †`Iqvq
82. gyw³hy‡×i mgq bvbv Kvi‡Y eÜ 89. †jKPvivi I Zvi mnKg©x‡K
n‡q‡Q ¯‹zj-K‡jR, Awdm-Av`vjZ| wgwjwUwiiv cÖ_g †Kv_vq wb‡q
Kvh©µg eÜ _vK‡jI Kg©Pvix- Av‡m?
Kg©KZ©v‡`i wVKB nvwRiv w`‡Z K K¨v‡¤úi wZb Zjvq Q g¯—
n‡q‡Q| GiKg †Kvb cÖwZôvbwUi DuPz GKUv N‡i
K_v Avgiv Ô Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í M GKUv cyi‡bv evwo‡Z N K‡j‡Ri
Rvb‡Z cvwi? Awd‡m
K ¯‹zj L wegv Awdm R K‡jR 90. Ômvefvwm©f A¨vKwUwfwURÕ
N Av`vjZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
83. ÔivRvKviÕ ev Ôgyw³evwnbxÕ K hy×we‡ivax Kvh©µg Q
†Kv‡bvwUi m‡½B mivmwi RwoZ bq, ivóªwe‡ivax Kvh©µg
eis nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K Lywk Kivi M gvbeZv we‡ivax Kvh©µg N
Rb¨ †Zvlv‡gvw` PwiÎ wn‡m‡e Kvi MYZš¿ we‡ivax Kvh©µg
cwiPq cvIqv hvq? 91. ÔI‡qwìs IqvK©kcÕ ej‡Z Kx
K byi“j û`v Q wcÖwÝcvj †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
M BmnvK N †`vKvb`vi P SvjvB KviLvbv L †givgZ
84. e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY I KviLvbv
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í †iBb‡KvUwU M Mvwo ˆZwii KviLvbv N Mvwo
g~jZ Kx‡mi cÖZxK? i‡Oi KviLvbv
K gyw³hy‡× Ask †bIqvi L 92. byi“j û`v‡K enbK…Z evm
gyw³‡hv×vi ¯^cœ c~i‡Yi Avmv` †MU evm÷‡c‡R G‡j
M gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GKwÎZ nIqvi KZRb hvÎx DVj?
S ¯^vaxbZvi †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ nIqvi K 4 Rb L 5 Rb M 8 Rb S 9 Rb
85. kwn`‡`i ¯§„wZ‡K A¤vb ivLvi Rb¨ 93. †K GKUz evPvj UvB‡ci?
RvZxqfv‡e kwn` wgbv‡ii g‡Zv K mvwR` Q †`vKvb`vi
Avi Kx ˆZwi n‡q‡Q? †Q‡jUv
P ¯§„wZ‡mŠa L kwn`‡ew`
M BmnvK N wcÖwÝcvj
M ¯§„wZ¯—¤¢ N
94. eW©vi µm Kij †K?
¯§„wZdjK
K BmnvK L wgwjUvwi
86. †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi A`g¨ evmbvq
R byi“j û`vi kvjv N wgmwµqv›Uiv
¯^Rb‡`i gvqv Z¨vM K‡i hy‡×
95. byi“j û`vi †Q‡ji eqm KZ eQi?
Qy‡U wM‡qwQj A‡bK Zi“Y cÖvY|
K wZb L Pvi R cuvP N Qq
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í GiKg Kvi mÜvb
†g‡j? 96. eW©vi µm K‡i G‡m wg›Uz Kx
K byi“j û`v Q wg›Uz K‡i?
M †`vKvb`vi N BmnvK K †`‡k ÎvY weZiY K‡i
87. e‡ov iv¯—vq wgwjUvwii jwi †`‡L L wgwjUvwi‡`i mv‡_ ˆeVK K‡i
Zvi ÔˆPZ‡b¨v`qÕ N‡U| R `gv`g wgwjUvwi gv‡i

ÔˆPZ‡b¨v`qÕ kãwUi mv‡_ wb‡Pi N †ev‡bi msmv‡i Akvwš— m„wó K‡i

†Kvb kãwUi wgj i‡q‡Q? 97. evm wW‡cvi †cQ‡b Kx Av‡Q?

K fv‡ei D`q L bZzb wPš—v K eo iv¯—v L †Wvev-bvjv
M G‡jv‡g‡jv wPš—v S R ew¯— N _vbv
c~‡e©i †PZbvq †div 98. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í †Kvb FZzi
88. Ô†di bZzb K‡i Acivaxgy³ ev‡m K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
†h‡Z GLb fv‡jv jvM‡Q|Õ †jKPvivi K MÖx®§L kir R †ngš—N kxZ
byi“j û`vi G fvebvi KviY Kx wQj?
 †iBb‡KvU 255
99. ÷vdi“‡g †K em‡j
mevB 109. QuyPv‡jv †Pv‡Li gwY
DmLym K‡i? KuvUvi g‡Zv weu‡a hvq Zvi
K wcÖwÝcvj L BmnvK gy‡LÓ-Kvi †Pv‡Li gwY Kvi
R D`y©i AvKei mvwR` N gy‡L weu‡a hvIqvi K_v ejv
wgwjUvwi n‡q‡Q?
100. AvKei mvwR‡`i eÜz †K? K wgwjUvwii †Pv‡Li gwY, byi“j û`vi
K Bs‡iwRi Avj Kwei L D`y©i Avjx gy‡L
†gvnv¤§` Q Bmnv‡Ki †Pv‡Li gwY, wgwjUvwii
R wnw÷ªi Avj Kwei N wRIMÖvwdi gy‡L
Avjx gbmyi M Bmnv‡Ki †Pv‡Li gwY, wg›Uzi gy‡L
101. Avmgv wbZ¨ Kx †kv‡b? N wg›Uzi †Pv‡Li gwY, Bmnv‡Ki gy‡L
K KweZv Ave„wË L †iwWI 110. wPbwP‡b Mjvq M¤¢xi ¯^‡i
R ¸wji kã N iYmsMxZ †K nv‡m?
102. †K Q›`‡ekx Kzwj‡`i Av¯— K wgwjUvwi L D©`yi
vbv †P‡b? cÖ‡dmi
P byi“j û`v L BmnvK M R wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji wcIb N
wg›Uz N mv¾v` ivRvKvi
103. mg¯— fv‡jvjvMvUv wPo 111. K‡j‡Ri mevB ZU¯’ _v‡K †Kb?
Lvq KLb? K WvKv‡Zi f‡q L Qv·`i
K Mvwo bó n‡q †M‡j Q evm we‡`ªv‡ni f‡q
†eªK Kl‡j R wgwjUvwii f‡q N wcÖwÝcv‡ji f‡q
M wgwjUvwii AvMg‡b N 112. byi“j û`vi †Pv‡Li Pvnwb
†Mvjv¸wj ïi“ n‡j †Kgb?
104. cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`v‡K Kx Øviv K gvqvex Q †fuvZv wKš‘
AvNvZ Kiv n‡qwQj? Mig
K ivB‡dj Q PveyK M jvwV N Qywi M AcjK N ¯^vfvweK
105. wgwjUvwi hveZxq Mvwo 113. ÔZv‡K GLb wgwjUvwii
_vwg‡q Kx Ki‡Q? K‡b©j ej‡jI P‡j|Õ -GLv‡b Kvi
P c¨v‡mÄvi‡`i Zjvwk Ki‡Q K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
L Mvwo fvOPzi Ki‡Q PBmnvK L byi“j û`v
M wR‡c K‡i c¨v‡mÄvi‡`i evwo M wcÖwÝc¨vj N D`y©i
†cuŠ‡Q w`‡”Q cÖ‡dmi
N c‡KUgvi‡`i AvUKv‡”Q 114. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í Kx‡mi
106. `iRvi Kov bvov‡Z †jLK SgSg †ev‡j K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
Kx‡mi Avk¼v K‡iwQ‡jb? K Xv‡Ki L Zejvi R e„wói N
K WvKv‡Zi Q wgwjUvwii evZv‡mi
M †Pv‡ii N ivRvKv‡ii 115. e„wói †gqv` Kqw`b wQj?
107. byi“j û`vi Pov ev‡m †Kgb K `yw`b Q wZbw`b M Pviw`b
wgwjUvwi DVj? N cuvPw`b
K †eu‡U, Kv‡jv L dimv, Lv‡Uv 116. Ôg½‡j †fvi iv‡Z nBj ïi“Õ-
R j¤^v I Lye dimv N Lye j¤^v I cÖev`wUi c‡ii Ask Kx?
†gvUv K mvivw`b †g‡Ni ¸i“¸i“ Q wZb
108. cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`v †Kb w`b †g‡Ni ¸i“¸i“
Avjnvg`ywjjvn e‡jb? M fvebv wPš—v n‡jv ïi“ N PzcPvc
K AvMš‘K Zvi AvZ¥xq e‡j L AvMš‘K _v‡K QvMj Mi“
Zvi k¨vjK wg›Uz e‡j 117. Ôkwb‡Z mvZ g½‡j wZbÕ-
M AvMš‘K Zvi ¯¿x e‡j S AvMš‘K evK¨wUi c‡ii Ask Kx?
wgwjUvwi bq e‡j K Avi me wZb w`b L fvebv wPš—v
†Q‡o w`b
256 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
RAvi me w`b w`b N ev· †cUiv K‡j‡Ri e¨vqvgvMv‡i
R N
¸wQ‡q wbb nvmcvZv‡j
118. M‡í KZw`b dzUcvZ eÜ 128. Ô†`vqv g‡b n‡jv wVKB wKš‘
_vKvi K_v ejv Av‡Q? Ñ gv_vq w`‡Z fy‡j †Mj|Õ
K `yB w`b Q wZb w`b k~b¨¯’v‡b Dchy³ †Kvb kãwU
M Pvi w`b N cuvP w`b em‡e?
119. GUv‡K †Kvb †÷U‡g‡›Ui K_v gv_vj Q UzwcUv M †nj‡gU N
K
ejv n‡q‡Q? ciPzjv
P †Rbv‡ij L †dWv‡ij M wgbv‡ij N KZ‡ej 129. wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji wcI‡bi bvg
120. Kx‡mi k‡ã †ng‡š—i kxZ kxZ Kx?
c`©v wQuoj? P BmnvK L Gg`v` M dinv` N Kvgvj
K Kvgv‡bi L 130. evZvm Avi e„wói SvcUvi
ivB‡d‡ji m‡½ N‡i †Xv‡K †K?
R `iRvi Kov bvovi N Kwjs‡e‡ji KAve`yi iwng L mvwR`
121. Mí Abymv‡i Kx‡mi †`qvj RwcÖwÝcv‡ji wcqb N
†Nu‡m Uª¨vÝdigvi i‡q‡Q? wcÖwÝcv‡ji eD
K nvmcvZv‡ji Q K‡j‡Ri 131. †Kvb gv‡mi ïi“ †_‡K BmnvK
M ¯‹z‡ji N evwoi
evsjv ejv †Q‡o‡Q?
122. wb‡Pi †Kvb FZzi bvg K gvP© Q GwcÖj M †g N Ryb
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í DwjwLZ 132. wcqb N‡i XyK‡j byi“j û`vi
Av‡Q? Kx Ki‡Z B‡”Q K‡i?
P†ngš— L el©v M emš— N K `yÕMv‡j Po _vào gvi‡Z
MÖx®§ L Rwo‡q a‡i †KvjvKzwj Ki‡Z
123. `iRvi KcvU Lyj‡j †K wfZ‡i R Rwo‡q a‡i Pzgy †L‡Z B‡”Q K‡i
cÖ‡ek K‡i? N wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤ú cvwV‡q w`‡Z
Kwg›Uz L wgwjUvwi 133. wcÖwÝcv‡ji †KvqvU©vi
RwcÖwÝc¨v‡ji wcIb N D`y©i †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?
cÖ‡dmi K K‡j‡Ri cyKzi cv‡oi euv w`‡K
124. Ô†iBb †KvUÕ M‡íi †cÖ¶vcU L K‡j‡Ri evMv‡bi `w¶Y cv‡k
Kx? R gvV †cwi‡q GKUz euv w`‡K
K 1952 mv‡ji fvlv-Av‡›`vjb N K‡j‡Ri K¬v‡ei †`qvj †Nu‡l euv
L 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPb w`‡K
M 1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb 134. Mí Abymv‡i MÖv‡gM‡Ä
S 1971 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb cÖ_‡g Kx‡mi w`‡K Kvgvb ZvK
125. Ôm¨vi †b mvjvg w`qvÕ- K‡i cvK wgwjUvwi?
K_vwU †K e‡j‡Q? P kwn` wgbv‡ii L ¯‹z‡ji
K GK Lvb †mbv L wcÖwÝcvj M gw›`‡ii N gvby‡li
R wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji wcIb N wg›Uz 135. ÒK‡j‡Ri †`Iqvj †Nu‡l Kviv
gvgv †evgv dvwU‡q †M‡Q?ÓÑbyi“j
126. GB K‡qK gv‡m KZ myivB û`vi GB cÖkœ Kvi D‡Ï‡k?
†m gyL¯’ K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b Ô†mÕ P wcq‡bi L mvwR‡`i M
me©bvg Øviv Kv‡K †evSv‡bv BKev‡ji N wmcvB‡qi
n‡q‡Q? 136. †K kwn` wgbvi‡K cwK¯—
K wcÖwÝcvj‡K L v‡bi kix‡ii KuvUv e‡j‡Q?
Avmgv‡K K BmnvK L wg›Uz R wcÖwÝcvj
R byi“j û`v‡K N BKevj‡K N byi“j û`v
127. wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤úi Ae¯’vb 137. nuvcvwbi Uvb Av‡Q Kvi?
†Kv_vq? K Avmgvi Q byi“j
K ¯‹zj N‡i L K‡j‡Ri nj i“‡g û`vi
 †iBb‡KvU 257
M wcÖwÝcv‡ji N Avãym 148. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í
mvËvi g„avi Ôwgmwµqv›UÕ kãwU Øviv
138. byi“j û`vi †g‡qi eqm KZ? Kv‡`i‡K eywS‡q‡Q?
P AvovB eQi L wZb K evsjvi bvix‡`i L `vjvj‡`i
eQi M cvKevwnbx‡K S gyw³evwnbx‡K
M Pvi eQi N cuvP eQi 149. Mí Abymv‡i wgicyi weª‡Ri
139. Òwb‡Ri Pvcivwki m‡½ w`K w`‡q Kx‡mi AvIqvR
bZzb Revb jâ Ki‡Z wM‡q Zvi AvmwQj?
Mjvq i³ D‡V hvq|Ó GLv‡b Zvi K Kvgv‡bi L †evgvi R ¸wji
kãwU w`‡q Kv‡K wb‡`©k Kiv N Kvbœvi
n‡q‡Q? 150. K‡j‡Ri wRgb¨vwkqvg GLb
K Ave`ym mvËvi g„av‡K Q byi“j Kx wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q?
û`vi wcI‡bi evmv
K L wcÖwÝcv‡ji
M wcÖwÝcvj‡K N wgwjUvwi†KvqvU©vi
K‡b©j‡K R wgwjUvwi K¨v¤ú N gyw³evwnbxi
140. BmnvK GwcÖj gvm †_‡K K¨v¤ú
†Kvb fvlvq K_v e‡j? 151. MíwU‡Z †Kvb ivwkqvb
K dviwm L wnw›` M evsjv S D`y© †Rbv‡i‡ji bvg D‡jL Av‡Q?
141. wg›Uz KZ Zvwi‡L gyw³hy‡× P †Rbv‡ij DBbUvi L †Rbv‡ji nw›Us
†Mj? M †Rbv‡ij mv¾v` N †Rbv‡ij
K 23†k GwcÖj Q 23†k Ryb gvwU©b
M 20-†k AvM÷ N 25†k AvM÷ 152. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í Ôwg›UzÕ
142. BmnvK †Kvb gvm †_‡K †K?
evsjv ejv †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q? K byi“j û`vi fvB Q Avmgvi fvB
K gvP© gvm †_‡K Q GwcÖj gvm M K‡jR wk¶K N wcqb
†_‡K 153. Ôel©vKv‡jB †Zv RyrÕ
M wW‡m¤^i gvm †_‡K N K_vwU KZevi e‡jwQj?
†deª“qvwi gvm †_‡K K GKevi Q `yevi M wZbevi N
143. byi“j û`vi ¯¿xi fvB‡qi bvg Pvievi
Kx? 154. ÒZzwg eis wg›Uzi
P wg›Uz L wi›Uz M †m›Uz N cëz
†iBb‡KvUUv wb‡q hvI|Ó Kv‡K
144. †eŠ Kvi †iBb‡KvU wb‡q
D‡Ïk K‡i Avmgv Dw³wU K‡i?
†h‡Z ej‡jb?
Pbyi“j û`v‡K L wcqb‡K
KBmnv‡Ki Q wg›Uzi M Zvi
M wcÖwÝcvj‡K N
†Q‡ji N cÖwZ‡ekxi
BKevj‡K
145. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wgwjUvwi
155. Qv‡` jvMv‡bv GKUv AvsUvi
evwnbxi †bZ…‡Z¡ Av‡Qb †K?
mv‡_ Kv‡K Szwj‡q †`Iqv n‡jv?
PK‡b©j mv‡ne L BmnvK
KBmnvK‡K Q byi“j û`v‡K
M wcÖwÝcvj wb‡RB N Avãym
M wg›Uz‡K N
mvËvi g„av
wcÖwÝcvj‡K
146. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í K‡jRUv
GLb Kv‡`i `L‡j Av‡Q? 156. iv‡Z `yB-Pvievi ¸wji AvIqvR
K wk¶K‡`i L Qv·`i
bv ïb‡j Nyg nq bv Kvi?
R wgwjUvwi‡`i N gyw³evwnbxi
Kbyi“j û`vi L wg›UziR
147. ÔGB e„wó‡Z QvZvq Kzjv‡e Avmgvi N BKev‡ji
bv †Mv- K_vwU †K e‡j‡Qb? 157. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í †`‡k
K wcÖwÝcvj L wg›Uz MYZš¿ wdwi‡q w`‡Z e×cwiKi
R byi“j û`vi ¯¿x N BmnvK †K?
KK‡b©j L gyw³evwnbx R
†cÖwm‡W›U N wgwjUvwi
258 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
158. wgmwµ‡q›Uiv Kx QÙ‡e‡k AvKevi mvwR`, W. AvdvR‡K
R
K‡j‡R Xy‡K‡Qb? N wgwjUvwii Ruv`‡ij †gRi, byi“j
P Kzwji L wfLvwii M Wv³v‡ii N Qv‡Îi û`v‡K
159. cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx 170. ÒwR nuv| Avcbvi
MÖv‡gM‡Ä wM‡qB cÖ_‡g †g‡nievwb|ÓÑ K_vwU †K,
Kx‡mi w`‡K Kvgvb ZvK Kv‡K e‡j‡Q?
K‡i‡Q? KW. AvdvR, wgwjUvwi‡K
K ab-m¤ú‡`i w`‡K L gyw³evwnbxi QW. AvdvR, AvKei mvwR`‡K
w`‡K M W. AvdvR, K‡j‡Ri ÷vd I wk¶K‡`i

R kwn` wgbv‡ii w`‡K N N BmnvK, W. AvdvR‡K

†g‡q‡jv‡Ki w`‡K 171. ÒAvcKv Zweqr fv‡jv n¨vqÓ-

160. †K wØZxqevi Avjvn‡K ev‡K¨i A_© Kx?
WvKvi my‡hvM †c‡jb? Avcbvi fwel¨r fv‡jv †Zv
K Q Avcbvi
K wg›Uz L byi“j û`v R kixi fv‡jv †Zv
†gvqvw¾b N BmnvK M Avcbvi gb fv‡jv †Zv N Avcbvi
Kx Lei?
M kãv_© I UxKv : (†evW© eB
172. ÔAvg‡j †`IqvÕ ej‡Z
†_‡K) †evSvqÑ
161. ÔK¨vq‡mÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? P cvËv †`Iqv L m¤§vb
K K¨vg‡b Q Kxfv‡e M Kx K‡i N Kx Rb¨ Kiv
162. ÔUªvÝcv‡i›UÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? M AbymiY Kiv N `vg †`Iqv
P ¯^”Q L mRxe M m‡ZR N wbg©j
173. Ô†ZvqvRÕ kãwUi mgv_©K
163. Ôkwb‡Z mvZ g½‡j wZb, Avi bq †KvbwU?
me w`b w`b- evK¨wU‡K evsjv ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ hZœ L
K
mvwn‡Z¨ Kx e‡j? ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ LvwZi
P cÖev` L Qov M Mvb N Uà R ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ †eBgvwb Kiv
164. wb‡Pi †Kvb kãwU N ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ g‡bviÄb
wfbœv_©K? 174. ÔAvj‡Mv‡QÕ kãwUi
K eb¨ L cveb M mqjve S eb¨v wfbœv_©K †KvbwU?
165. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ô†gNÕ- Gi K AmsjMœfv‡e L mš—c©‡Y
mgv_©K kã? M ¯úk©‡`vl euvwP‡q S AvjMv
K evwiwaQ Rj` M c‡qvwa N evwi K‡i
166. Ô†bwnÕ kãwU wb‡Pi †Kvb 175. ÔUzu kãwU bv KivÕ
fvlvq e¨eüZ nq? evMavivwUi A_© Kx?
K evsjv Q D`y© M PzcPvc jywK‡q _vKv
Zvwgj N Bs‡iwR K L cÖPÊ
167. ÔK¨v¤úÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlvi? AvNv‡Zi kã
K wnw›` L dviwm M D`y© S Bs‡iwR R †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` bv Kiv N bxie
168. ÒLv‡gvk †g‡i hvIqvÓ gv‡b _vKv
Kx? 176. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í e¨eüZ
K fq cvIqv L fq wØi“w³ kãhyMj †KvbwU?
†`Lv‡bv K `g`g, UcUc L `gv`g. PzcPvc

M agK †g‡i †`Iqv S ¯—ä n‡q R `gv`g, UcvUc N `gv`g, †nu †nu
PzcPvc _vKv 177. ÒAveŸy †QvU gvgv
169. Òewj‡q †Rbv‡ij mvnve‡Kuv n‡q‡QÓÑK_vwUi A_© Kx?
K AveŸy‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡”Q †QvU
†g‡nievwb|ÓÑK_vwU †K Kv‡K
gvgv m¤ú‡K©
e‡j‡Q?
Q AveŸy‡K †QvU gvgvi g‡Zv jvM‡Q
K W. AvdvR, BmnvK‡K
M AveŸy Avi †QvU gvgvi GKvZ¥Zv
L wgwjUvwii Rv`‡ij †gRi, W.
N AveŸyi mv‡_ †QvU gvgvi
AvdvR‡K
ˆemv`„k¨
 †iBb‡KvU 259
178. Ôni`gÕ kãwU †Kvb ixwZi? K gyw³evwnbx‡K AvUK Kiv L
K evsjv L Aviwe M cZz©wMR wgwjUvwi K¨v¤ú AvUK Kiv
S dviwm M wgwjUvwi‡`i mvnvh¨ Kiv S
179. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ÔPvcivwkÕ wgwjUvwi K¨v¤ú A¨vUvK Kiv
k‡ãi mgv_©K bq? 189. ÔZv‡K GLb wgwjUvwii
K†cqv`v L Avi`vwj M wcqb S K‡b©j ej‡jI P‡j|Õ ÑGLv‡b Kvi
AvBbRxex K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
180. BmnvK †Kvb gvm †_‡K BmnvK
P L byi“j û`v
evsjv ejv †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q? wcÖwÝc¨vj
M N D`y©i
K gvP© gvm †_‡K Q GwcÖj gvm cÖ‡dmi
†_‡K 190. wcÖwÝc¨vj w`bivZ †`vqv
M wW‡m¤^i gvm †_‡K N `i“` co‡Q †Kb?
†deª“qvwi gvm †_‡K P cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ L evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨
181. ÔZU¯’Õ k‡ãi wfbœv_©K M gyw³evwnbxi f‡q N ivRvKv‡ii f‡q
†KvbwU? 191. wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji g‡Z cvwK¯—
KwePwjZ L fxZ M v‡bi kix‡ii KuvUv Kx?
AwZe¨¯— S w¯’i nIqv K gyw³evwnbx Q kwn`
182. Ô†Lv`Õ kãwUi mgv_©K bq wgbvi¸‡jv
M gw›`i¸‡jv N
†KvbwU?
K Avcb L wb‡R M AvZ¥ S †Lv`v gmwR`¸‡jv
183. Ôwgmwµqv›UÕ A_© Kx? 192. wg›Uzi mv‡_ byi“j û`vi
K wek¦vmx, wek¦¯— Q
m¤úK© Kx?
`ye„©Ë, `y®K…wZKvix P kvjv-`yjvfvB L gvgv-fv‡Mœ
M ivRvKvi, `vjvj N Ávbx, weÁ
M RvgvB-k¦ïi N `yjvfvB-kvjv
193. cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`vi KZRb mš
N cvV cwiwPwZ : (†evW© eB —vb?
†_‡K) P`yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP
184. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU KZ mv‡j 194. byi“j û`vi †Kvb wRwbmwU
cÖKvwkZ nq? ev‡mi mevB‡K Nve‡o w`j?
K 1993 mv‡j L 1994 mv‡j K K_vevZ©v Q
R 1995 mv‡j N 1996 mv‡j †iBb‡KvU
185. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU M PvjPjb N i³P¶zi Pvnwb
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †Kvb 195. byi“j û`vieD‡qi NbNb
MíMÖ‡š’i Aš—M©Z? evmv cvëv‡bvi KviY Kx?
K †Lvqvwi L
K Af¨v‡mi †`vl
`yafv‡Z Drcv‡Z
Q fvB wg›Uz gyw³‡hv×v ZvB
M Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯^i S Rvj ¯^cœ M wbZ¨ bZzb RvqMvq _vK‡Z Pvq
¯^‡cœi Rvj ZvB
186. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí gyw³hy‡×i N fvov Kg jv‡M ZvB
mgqKvi †Kvb GjvKvi cwiw¯’wZ
196. cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`vi KqwU
wb‡q iwPZ?
P XvKv L MvRxcyi M iscyi
†Q‡j Ges KqwU †g‡q?
PGKwU †Q‡j Ges GKwU †g‡q
N MvBevÜv
LwZbwU †Q‡j Ges `ywU †g‡q
187. †iBb †KvUwU Kx‡mi cÖZxK?
M PviwU †Q‡j N
K gyw³hy‡× Ask †bIqvi L
cuvPwU †Q‡j
gyw³‡hv×vi ¯^cœ c~i‡Yi
197. wgwjUvwiiv hveZxq Mvwo
M gyw³ †hv×v‡`i GKwÎZ nIqvi
S ¯^vaxbZvi †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ nIqvi
†Kb _vgv‡”Q?
188. wcÖwÝcv‡ji evwoi †M‡U K wbivcËvi Rb¨ Q gvbyl gvivi Rb¨
M fxZ n‡q N
†evgv †djvi A_© Kx?
KviwdDi Rb¨
260 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
198. M‡í wgmwµ‡q›U Kv‡`i ejv 206. byi“j û`v †gŠb wgwjUvwi‡K
n‡q‡Q? Av‡iKUz wbwðZ K‡i Kxfv‡e?
KWvKvZ‡`i L byi“j û`vi f¨vevP¨vKv gyL †`‡L
K
mš¿vmx‡`i byi“j û`vi Acivax fve †`‡L
L
M nvbv`vi‡`i S R byi“j û`vi DrmvwnZ n‡q Gw`K-
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Iw`K ZvKv‡bv †`‡L
199. †K K‡j‡Ri wUPvi‡`i g‡a¨ N byi“j û`vi ¯^xKv‡ivw³‡Z
byi“j û`vi bvg e‡j‡Q? 207. wgmwµqv›Uiv K‡j‡R Kx
P Kzwjiv L wk¶Kiv M wcÖwÝc¨vj †e‡k Xy‡KwQj?
N BmnvK K dwK‡ii QÙ‡e‡k Q Kzwji QÙ‡e‡k
200. byi“j û`v AevK n‡q †Kb M cvM‡ji QÙ‡e‡k N `i‡e‡ki QÙ‡e‡k
ZvwK‡q _v‡K? 208. ÒAv‡M ev‡ovÓÑWªvBfvi‡K
P wenŸjZvq L iv‡M M †K GB wb‡`©kbv †`q?
Awek¦v‡m N PvjvwK K‡i K BmnvK Q wgwjUvwi
201. Pvey‡Ki evwo byi“j û`vi M wg›Uz N †Pvi I c‡KUgvi
DrcvZ g‡b nq †Kb? 209. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í cvwbi †`k
P weiwZnxbfv‡e co‡Z _vKvq L ˆPZb¨ ejv n‡q‡Q †KvbwU‡K?
nvwi‡q †djv‡Z K cvwK¯—vb Q evsjv‡`k
M AZ¨vPv‡ii ZxeªZvq N
M fviZ N gvqvbgvi
weiw³‡Z 210. byi“j û`vi †eu‡ULv‡Uv
202. ÒwKš‘ Zvi Ig Zvi kix‡i
kixiUv‡K wgwjUvwiiv Kx K‡i?
GL‡bv †j‡MB i‡q‡Q|Ó-ev‡K¨ K wcwU‡q j¤^v K‡i L Mig cvwb‡Z
†iBb‡Kv‡Ui I‡gi Bw½‡Z Kx †Wvevq
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? R Quv‡` jvMv‡bv AvsUvi mv‡_
K†iBb‡Kv‡Ui †fZ‡ii Zvc Szwj‡q †`q
Qwg›Uzi g‡Zv †`k‡cÖ‡g DØy× n‡q N duvwm †`q
M wcÖwÝcv‡ji k³ Av‡`k 211. K‡j‡Ri Rb¨ †Kbv Avjgvwi¸‡jv
N wgwjUvwi‡`i Ryjy‡gi wPi¯’vqx Ig †Kvb Mvwo K‡i wb‡q Avmv nq?
203. mcvs mcvs Pvey‡Ki K UªvK L wcKAvc R †VjvMvwo
evwo‡K byi“j û`vi Kx g‡b N evm
n‡”Q? 212. †Kvb `yR‡bi †PvL †eu‡a
K †hb e„wó co‡Q wg›Uzi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui †`Iqv n‡qwQj?
Dci K cÖ‡dmi byi“j û`vi I wcÖwÝcv‡ji
Q†hb wU‡bi Pv‡j e„wói kã L byi“j û`v I Ave`ym mvËvi g„avi
M wcÖwÝcv‡ji k³ Av‡`k R wcÖwÝcvj I AvKei mvwR‡`i
N wgwjUvwi‡`i Ryjy‡gi wPi¯’vqx Ig N wcÖwÝcvj I Ave`ym mvËvi g„avi
204. wgmwµqv›U‡`i wVKvbv e‡j 213. wgmwµqv›Uiv K‡j‡R Kx
w`‡j byi“j û`v‡K †Q‡o †`Iqvi †e‡k Xy‡KwQj?
wbðqZv w`‡q Zv‡K Kx K dwK‡ii QÙ‡e‡k Q Kzwji QÙ‡e‡k
LvIqv‡bv nq? M cvM‡ji QÙ‡e‡k N `i‡e‡ki QÙ‡e‡k
K`ya-Kjv Q cvDi“wU-`ya M `ya- 214. byi“j û`v evm †_‡K †Kv_vq
fvZ N `B-wPov
bv‡g?
205. Òevsjvi el©v †Zv kvjviv K Avmv` †MU L bxj‡¶Z
Rv‡b bv| ivwkqvq wQj †Rbv‡ij R wbDgv‡K©U N XvKv
DBbUvi, Avgv‡`i †Rbv‡ij K‡j‡Ri †MU
gbmyb|Ó-K_vwU †K e‡jwQj? 215. wcÖwÝcv‡ji wmsnvmb-
K GK Kzwj Q gvK©v †Pqv‡i †K e‡m i‡q‡Q?
÷vdi“‡gi KwjM K wcÖwÝcvj
M QÙ‡ekx †Q‡j N wg›Uz Q Ruv`‡ij UvB‡ci wgwjUvwi cvÊv
 †iBb‡KvU 261
M AvKei mvwR` N wgmwµqv›U‡`i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†bZv P i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
O eûc`x mgvwßm~PK 222.Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ÔwcÖwÝcvjÕ PwiÎ
cÖ‡kœvËi : m¤^‡Ü ejv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ
i. fxZz ii. †`k we‡ivax iii.
eûc`x mgvwßm~PK cÖ‡kœvËi
†Zvlvgy‡`
216. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†jLvi msL¨v e„w×i Dci †Rvi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii
†`bwb KviYÑ 223. ÔcvwK¯—vb hw` euvPv‡Z nq †Zv
i. ¸YMZ gvb eRvq ivL‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ¯‹zj K‡jR †_‡K kwn` wgbvi nUvI|Õ
ii. †ewk †jLv cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv wcÖwÝcvj Dw³wU K‡iwQ‡jbÑ
iii. †ewk wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv i. wgwjUvwi‡`i †Pv‡L wb‡R‡K fv‡jv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Kivi Rb¨
P i L i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I ii. †Zvlv‡gv‡`i Rb¨
iii iii. evsjvfvlv‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨
217. †jL‡Ki wjwLZ Dcb¨vm n‡jvÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
P i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvB
224. Ôwgmwµ‡q›Uiv me LZgÕÑ
ii. †Lvqvebvgv
GLv‡b wgmwµ‡q›U ej‡Z
iii. Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯^i †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. gyw³‡hv×v‡`i ii. gyw³‡dŠR‡`i
K i Q i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. gyw³‡hv×vi eÜz‡`i
218. †eŠ‡qi fvB‡qi Rb¨ byi“j û`v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ZU¯’ _vK‡Z nq KviYÑ P i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. †m GKRb gyw³‡hv×v 225. Ô†iBb‡KvUwUÕ g~jZÑ
ii. †m GKRb ivRvKvi i. gyw³hy‡×i †cÖiYvi cÖZxK
iii. gyw³‡hv×vi AvZ¥xq e‡j ii. cÖwZev‡`i I mvn‡mi cÖZxK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
cÖZxK
K ii I iii L i I ii R i I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
219. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í cÖKvwkZ
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii
n‡q‡QÑ 226. ÔhvK, wg›Uzi †iBb‡Kv‡U Zvi KvR
i. cvwK¯—vwb‡`i b„ksmZv n‡”Q|Õ byi“j û`vi Kv‡Q G welqwU
ii. hy×Kvjxb Ae¯’v g‡b nIqvi wcQ‡b KviY wQjÑ
iii. evOvwji msMÖvgx †PZbv i. †iB‡KvUwU wgwjUvwii g‡Zv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †`Lv‡”Q
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii ii. †iBb‡KvUwU mKj‡K mZK© K‡i
220. †gvqvw¾b mv‡ne w`‡”Q
wØZxqevi †h Kvi‡Y Avjvni iii. †iBb‡KvUwU i‡³ fiv wQj G Rb¨
gnË¡ †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib wbÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
P i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. wgwjUvwiiv nZ¨v Kivq
227. †jKPvivi byi“j û`v m¤ú‡K©
ii. gvB‡µv‡dvb bó nIqvq iii. mg_©b‡hvM¨Ñ
we`y¨r bv _vKvq i. AivR‰bwZK PwiÎ ii. Ab¨v‡qi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wei“‡× Avcmnxb
P i L i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. †Zvlvgy‡` PwiÎ
221. byi“j û`v †h Kvi‡Y AZ¨vPvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
mn¨ K‡iI Pzc K‡i _v‡KÑ P i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. †`k‡cÖ‡gi Rb¨ 228. Ô†mI Zvi †Pv‡Li †fuvZv wKš‘
ii. msMÖvgx †PZbvi Rb¨ Mig PvUwbUv‡K w¯’i K‡i
iii. wKQy Rvb‡Zb bv ZvB Avj‡Mv‡Q wewQ‡q †`q
262 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
wgwjUvwii Lvov bv‡K|Õ GLv‡b ii. gyw³hy‡× cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi
byiyj û`v PwiÎwU‡Z †h ai‡bi ee©iZv
Abyf~wZ KvR K‡i Zv n‡jvÑ iii. GKRb mvaviY e¨w³i gv‡S
i. mvnwmKZvi ii. Ab¨vq gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. gv_v bZ bv Kivi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? P Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii
eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi :
229. fxZz Ôbyi“j û`vÕ cÖK…Zc‡¶
ax‡i ax‡i mvnmx I gyw³hy‡×i * wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 235-237
†PZbvq AbycÖvwYZ nbÑ bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|
i. †iBb‡KvUwU civi ci iv‡k` `yB gvm n‡jv evwo Qvov|
ii. gyw³‡hv×vi `‡j wb‡R‡K m`m¨ 1971 mv‡ji GwcÖj gvm †_‡K †m
wn‡m‡e Kíbv Kivq wb‡LuvR| gvm wZ‡bK c‡i nVvr
iii. wg›Uzi Dcw¯’wZ Abyfe Kivq GKw`b G‡m nvwRi mv‡_ K‡qKRb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? hyeK wb‡q| Zv‡`i nv‡Z wewfbœ
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii ai‡bi A¯¿| Zv w`‡q Zviv †`k‡K kΓ
230. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í wgwjUvwiiv gy³ Ki‡Z Pvq|
gyw³‡hv×v wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡iÑ 235. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Míg‡Z iv‡k`
i. Kzwj‡`i ii. wgmwµ‡q›U‡`i iii. ev‡mi Kx?
hvÎx‡`i wgmwµ‡q›U
P L ivRvKvi M
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †`k‡`ªvnx N Avj-e`i
P i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 236. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡k` Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi
231. ÔZv‡`i m‡½ Zvi AuvZvZ ivLvi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa?
D‡ËRbvq byi“j û`vi Szjš— kixi GZUvB byi“j û`v
K Q wg›Uz M
Kuv‡c †h Pvey‡Ki evwoi w`‡K Zvi wcÖwÝc¨vj N BmnvK
g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqv I‡V bv|Õ GLv‡b 237. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡k` I M‡íi wg›Uz
D‡ËRbvwU g~jZÑ Pwi‡Î cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
i. †`k‡K gy³ Kivi ii. wb‡R‡K gyw³‡hv×v i. †`k‡cÖg ii. msMÖvgx
Kíbv Kivi †PZbv iii. ¯^v_©ciZv
iii. gyw³hy‡×i †cÖiYvq wb‡R‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
D¾xweZ Kivi K i Q i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? * wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 238-
K i I ii L i I iii R ii I iii N i, ii I iii 240 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|
232. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í fxZz cÖK… wRbvZ Avjx MÖv‡g MÖv‡g Ny‡i
wZi byi“j û`v gyw³‡hv×v Ny‡i cvKnvbv`vi‡`i Rb¨ Lei
k¨vj‡Ki †iBb‡KvU Mv‡q w`‡j Zvi msMÖn K‡i| †m Pvq cvwK¯—v‡bi
g‡a¨ mÂvwiZ nqÑ ALÊZv| ZvB †m cvK‡mbv‡`i
i. DòZv ii. mvnmiii. †`k‡cÖg mnvqZv K‡i|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 238. wRbvZ Avjx Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii M‡íi †Kvb Pwi·K ¯§iY Kwi‡q
233. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ †`q ?
i. cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi nZ¨vhÁ K BmnvK L byi“j û`v M wg›Uz
ii. cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi ee©i S wcÖwÝc¨vj
wbcxob 239. wRbvZ Avjx I wcÖwÝc¨vj
iii. †Mwijv Avµg‡Yi NUbv ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgqKvi Kv‡`i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖwZwbwa?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii S i, ii I iii K mvaviY gvby‡li Q ivRvKvi‡`i
234. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU cvV K‡i M nvbv`vi‡`i N gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
wk¶v_©xiv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eÑ 240. wRbvZ Avjx I wcÖwÝc¨vj
i. gyw³hy‡× †Mwijv Avµg‡Yi ¯^i~c Pwi‡Î cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
 †iBb‡KvU 263
i. ¯^v_©v‡š^lx g‡bvfve gyw³hy‡×i w`b¸‡jv wQj f¼i
ii. †`‡ki gvby‡li mv‡_ AwbðqZvq fiv| †KD hy× K‡i‡Q
wek¦vmNvZKZv cÖvYc‡Y, Avevi †KD cvwK¯—vwb
iii. ¯^‡`k †cÖg nvbv`vi‡`i f‡q Zv‡`i †Zvlv‡gv`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K‡i‡Q| Avevi †KDev fq‡K Rq K‡i †kl
P i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ch©š— gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq
 Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 241 I 242 bs D¾xweZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 245. DÏxcKwU‡Z gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq
ÔevZv‡m jv‡ki MÜ fv‡m D¾xweZ gvbyl¸‡jvi m‡½
gvwU‡Z †j‡M Av‡Q i‡³i `vM Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
b`x‡Z cvbvi g‡Zv †f‡m _vKv gvby‡li K wcÖwÝc¨vj Q byi“j
cPv jvk, û`v
gyÊynxb evwjKvi KzKz‡i LvIqv M wg›Uz N AvKei mvwR`
exfrm kixi 246. byi“j û`vi mv‡_ gyw³hy‡×i
†f‡m I‡V †Pv‡Li wfZ‡iÑ Avwg †PZbvi mv`„‡k¨ welqwU †Kvb
Nygy‡Z cvwi bv|Õ w`K †_‡K †hŠw³K?
241. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †Kvb welqwUi K wgwjUvwi‡`i mwVK DËi bv †`qv
m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki wgj cvIqv hvq Q wb‡R‡K Kíbvq gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Ask
evOvwji exiZ¡
K Q cvKevwnbxi fvev
ee©iZv M evmhvÎx‡`i ivRvKvi fvev
M evOvwji †`k‡cÖg N evOvwji N wg›Uzi †iBb‡KvUwU civ
`yt¯^cœ  Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 247 I 248 bs
242. Dc‡ii DÏxcKwU Kwe g‡bi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
¯^vRvZ¨‡ev‡ai †PZbv gyw³hy‡×i mgq me©¯^ nvwi‡q
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †klfv‡M Kvi wbS©i AvR `vk©wbK n‡q D‡V‡Q|
g‡a¨ j¶ Kiv hvq? gyw³‡hv×v fvB‡qi euvwk evRv‡bvi
K wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji Q †jKPvivi byi“j K_v g‡b K‡i GKw`b K_vq K_vq e‡j
û`vi I‡VÑÔkvixwiK Dcw¯’wZ gv‡bB Kv‡Q
M wcI‡bi N Ave`ym mvËvi _vKv bq, gyw³‡hv×viv Avgvi Aš—‡i
g„avi Mfx‡i G euvwki my‡ii g‡ZvB wg‡k
 Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 243 I 244 bs Av‡Q|Õ
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 247. DÏxcKwU‡Z gyw³‡hv×v fvB‡qi
Ôkvm‡Ki †kvl‡Ki cxo‡Ki wbôzi cxob euvwk †hgb mKj gyw³‡hv×vi
†ivwa‡Z Iiv K‡i‡Q cYÕ Dcw¯’wZ †Zgwb Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ
243.DÏxc‡K ÔIivÕ †iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í Kv‡`i mv‡_ M‡íi †iBb‡KvUwU Kvi g‡b mKj
mv`„k¨c~Y©? gyw³‡hv×vi Dcw¯’wZ wb‡`©k
P wgmwµ‡q›U L K‡i?
wgwjUvwi K wcÖwÝc¨vj L
M cÖ‡dmi N ev‡mi Avmgv
hvÎx R byi“j û`v N AvKei
244. DÏxc‡Ki †PZbv Kxfv‡e mvwR`
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í byi“j û`vi g‡a¨ 248. DÏxcK Ges †iBb‡KvU M‡í g~jZ
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? †Kvb welqwU Avgv‡`i g‡b `vM
K wgwjUvwi‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii Reve Kv‡U?
†`Iqvq P ¯^RvZ¨‡eva I †`k‡cÖg L ¯^Rb
Q wgwjUvwi‡`i mv‡_ Avcm bv Kivq nviv‡bvi †e`bv
M Kzwj‡`i Rb¨ Mfxifv‡e fvevq M gyw³hy‡×i wbg©gZv N
N †iBb‡KvUwU wb‡q cÖwZev` Kivq gyw³hy‡×i NUb
 Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 245 I 246 bs
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
264 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv

wiwfkb Ask (Revision)

Av‡jvP¨ As‡k ÁvbfvÊvi‡K mg„× Kivi Rb¨ evwoi KvR, ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨KwYKv,
Ávbg~jK Ges Abyavebg~jK AviI wKQy cÖ‡kœvËi D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G AskwU
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g cix¶vi P~ovš— cÖ¯‘wZ I Revision m¤ú~Y© n‡q hv‡e|
 evwoi KvR
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 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ewY©Z wg›Uzi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui eY©bv `vI|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †gvqvw¾b mv‡n‡ei Ki“Y cwiYwZ Zz‡j ai|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ewY©Z wcÖwÝcv‡ji †`k‡`ªvwnZvi cwiPq `vI|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ewY©Z kwn` wgbvi m¤ú‡K© W. Avdv‡Ri fvebv Zz‡j
ai|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í †iBb‡Kv‡Ui cÖZxKx Zvrch© Zz‡j ai|
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í ewY©Z gymjgvb‡`i wgwjUvwii AZ¨vPv‡ii eY©bv `vI |
 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wcÖwÝcv‡ji cÖwZ G‡`kevmxi RvMÖZ N„Y¨ g‡bvfve
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 Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í kwn` wgbvi m¤ú‡K© W. Avdv‡Ri fvebvi †bwZevPK
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wQ‡jb| gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q wZwb wbiciva n‡qI nvbv`vi‡`i nv‡Z
wbh©vwZZ nb|
 gyw³evwnbxiv iv‡Z K‡j‡Ri wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤ú nvgjv Pvjv‡j mswkó m‡›`nfvRb
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 K‡j‡Ri wcIb GK mKv‡j byi“j û`v‡K WvK‡Z Av‡m| e„wói w`b nIqvq byi“j
û`vi ¯¿x Avmgv Zuvi fvB‡qi †iBb‡KvU ¯^vgx‡K ci‡Z †`q|
 †iBb‡KvU civi ci mvaviY gvbyl byi“j û`v‡K Avi mvaviY g‡b nq bv| g‡b
nq gyw³evwnbx| iv¯—vq gvby‡li Zx²`„wó Avi wdmwdm ¸Re Ges byi“j
û`vi wPš—vi ej‡q Zvi ¯úó cÖKvk N‡U|
 K‡j‡Ri wcÖwÝcvj W. AvdvR Avng` GKRb ivRvKvi| byi“j û`v‡K
m‡n›`nfvRb wn‡m‡e mbv³ Kivi †cQ‡b Zvi f~wgKvB me‡P‡q †ewk|
 K‡j‡R hvIqvi ci nvbv`viiv byi“j û`v‡K m‡›`nfvRb wn‡m‡e nvgjvi wel‡q
wRÁvmvev` K‡i| fxi“ cÖK…wZi byi“j û`vI ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, †m
wgmwµ‡q›U‡`i wVKvbv Rv‡b|
 GK ch©v‡q hLb nvbv`viiv byi“j û`vi †iBb‡KvU Ly‡j Qv‡`i AvsUvi mv‡_
Szwj‡q gvi‡Z _v‡K, ZLb Zvi gvbwmKZvi e¨vcK cwieZ©b Av‡m, g~jZ
gyw³‡hv×v k¨vj‡Ki †iBb‡KvU byi“j û`vi g‡b GB cwieZ©b Av‡b|
 nVvr Amxg mvnmx nq IVv byi“j û`v AgvbywlK wbh©vZb‡K D‡c¶v
Kivi ¶gZv jvf K‡i| wbh©vZ‡bi gyn~‡Z© wb‡R‡K †m gyw³‡hv×v fve‡Z
ïi“ K‡i|
 mvaviY wee„wZi Bs‡iwR cwifvlv n‡jv †Rbv‡ij †÷U‡g›U ( General
Statement), Avi (Spacific Classification) †¯úwmwdK K¬vwmwd‡Kkb
gv‡b mywbw`©ó †kªwYKiY|
 wgmwµ‡q›U A_© `y®‹„wZKvix| G M‡í wgmwµ‡q›U Øviv †Mwijv
†hv×v‡`i †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| I‡qjwWs IqvK©kc A_© XvjvB KviLvbv|
 mve mvwf©m A¨vKwUwfwUR (Sub-service activities) ej‡Z ivóªwe‡ivax
Kg©KvʇK †evSvq| UªvÝcv‡i›U (Transparent) A_© ¯^”Q|
 †iBb‡KvU 265
 AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1995
mv‡j| cieZ©x‡Z GwU ÔRvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi RvjÕ bvgK MíMÖ‡š’
msKwjZ nq|
 gyw³hy× welqK G MíwU GKRb mvaviY wk¶K‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z,
whwb gyw³‡hv×v bv n‡qI nvbv`vi‡`i nv‡Z wbh©vwZZ nb|
 G M‡í Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ cÖZxKx †PZbv wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| byi“j û`vi
k¨vjK GKRb gyw³‡hv×v| Zvi †iBb‡KvU Mv‡q †`qvi ci mvaviY wk¶K
byi“j û`vi †PZbv‡ZI mÂvwiZ nq gyw³hy‡×i R¡vjvgqx Abyfe|

†U·U eyK A¨vbvjvBwmm

K Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi 11.Kv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i byi“j û`vi
1. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwUi iPwqZv Pzgy †L‡Z B”Qv Ki‡Q?
†K? DËi : wcIb‡K|
DËi : AvLZvi“¾vgvb 12.†iwWI, †Uwjwfk‡b ni`g Kx
Bwjqvm| ej‡Q?
2. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm KZ DËi : ni`g ej‡Q wmPz¨‡qkb
mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? bg©vj|
DËi : 1943 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY 13.byi“j û`vi ¯¿xi bvg Kx?
K‡ib| DËi : Avmgv|
3. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm †Kvb 14.Ôwg›Uz Kvi fvB?
MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? DËi : Avmgvi fvB|
DËi : †MvwUqv MÖv‡g 15.Kvi Rb¨ byi“j û`v‡K G·Uªv ZU¯’ _vK‡Z
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| nq?
4. BmnvK †Kvb wel‡qi cÖ‡dm‡ii DËi : wg›Uzi Rb¨|
evwoi w`‡K iIbv n‡jv? 16.byi“j û`v KZevi evwo cvëvq?
DËi : wRIMÖvwdi cÖ‡dm‡ii DËi : Pvievi evwo cvëvq|
evwoi w`‡K iIbv n‡jv| 17.byi“j û`vi †g‡qi eqm KZ?
5. Kv‡K †`‡L K‡j‡Ri mevB ZU¯’? DËi : AvovB eQi|
DËi : BmnvK wgqv‡K †`‡L| 18.byi“j û`vi †Q‡ji eqm KZ?
6. †Kvb gv‡mi ïi“ †_‡K BmnvK DËi : cuvP eQi|
evsjv ejv †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q? 19.†Kv_vKvi nv‡di †ewk RvqMv
DËi : GwcÖj gv‡mi ïi“| ¯^vaxb?
7. †K w`bivZ D`©y e‡j? DËi : iscyi-w`bvRcy‡ii nv‡di
DËi : BmnvK wgqv| †ewk RvqMv ¯^vaxb|
8. †K cvwK¯—vwb‡`i Rb¨ w`bivZ 20.gmwR‡`i Qv` †_‡K †K c‡o
†`vqv-`i“` co‡Q? wM‡qwQj?
DËi : K‡j‡Ri wcÖwÝcvj| DËi : gyqvw¾b mv‡ne c‡o
9. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi wcZ… wM‡qwQj|
cÖ`Ë bvg Kx? 21.†K Rygvi bvgvRUv wbqwgZ
DËi : AvLZvi“¾vgvb c‡o?
†gvnv¤§` Bwjqvm| DËi : byi“j û`v|
10.AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm KZ 22.byi“j û`v †Kvb wel‡qi
mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib? †jKPvivi?
DËi : 1997 mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY DËi : byi“j û`v †Kwgw÷ªi
K‡ib| †jKPvivi|
266 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
23.D`©yi cÖ‡dm‡ii bvg Kx? byi“j û`v AZ¨š— fxi“ cÖK…wZi
DËi : D`©yi cÖ‡dm‡ii bvg gvbyl| †m †`k‡K Lye fv‡jvev‡m
AvKei mvwR`| wKš‘ f‡q cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB
24.Kv‡`i wVKvbv byi“j û`vi Rvbv Zvi kvjv wg›Uz GKRb
Av‡Q? gyw³‡hv×vGK_v Ônvbv`viÕ
DËi : wgmwµqv›U‡`i| evwnbx Rvb‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡K Lye
25.Ôwgmwµqv›UÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? wec‡` co‡Z n‡e, GB f‡q †m
DËi : `y®‹„wZKvix| memgq ZU¯’ _v‡K|
26. AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi 3. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í
me©‡kl MíMÖš’ †KvbwU? Ôwgmwµqv›UÕ kãwU †Kb
DËi : ÔRvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q?
RvjÕ| DËi : Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í
27.ÔwP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvBÕ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †evSv‡Z
Dcb¨vmwUi iPwqZv †K? Ôwgmwµqv›UÕ kãwU e¨envi Kiv
DËi : AvLZvi“¾vgvb n‡q‡Q|
Bwjqvm| Ôwgmwµqv›UÕ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK
28.Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi K_K †K? A_© `y®‹„wZKvix| evsjv‡`‡ki
DËi : byi“j û`v| gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯—vb miKvi
29.Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †iBb‡KvUwU I Zvi †mbvevwnbx G kãwU
Kvi? evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †nq
DËi : †iBb‡KvUwU wg›Uzi| cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi K‡i‡Q|
30.byi“j û`v‡K †K †W‡K Avi G welqwU dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z
cvwV‡q‡Q? Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í G kãwU e¨eüZ
DËi : wcÖwÝcvj †W‡K n‡q‡Q|
cvwV‡q‡Q| 4. byi“j û`v †Kb Pvievi evwo
L Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi cvëvq?
1. ÔK¨v‡Þ‡bi Gw`‡K Zv‡K †Vjv DËi : byi“j û`vi mv‡_
gykwKjÕÑ †Kb? gyw³evwnbxi AuvZvZ i‡q‡Q GK_v
DËi : ÔK¨v‡Þ‡bi Gw`‡K Zv‡K †Vjv †Mvcb ivLvi Rb¨ byi“j û`v Pvievi
gykwKjÕÑ gyw³hy‡×i mgq evwo cvëvq|
BmnvK wgqvi `vcU Lye †ewk byi“j û`vi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mv‡_
†e‡o hvIqvq G K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Lye fv‡jv m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| G LeiwU
gyw³hy‡×i mgq BmnvK wgqv †KD hw` nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K
cvwK¯—vwb‡`i c¶ Aej¤^b Kivq Zvi Rvwb‡q †`q G f‡q †m Pvievi evwo
`vcU Lye †e‡o wM‡qwQj| †m cvëvq| hv‡Z Avkcv‡ki †KD Zv‡K
wb‡R‡K K‡b©‡ji g‡Zv ¶gZvevb wPb‡Z bv cv‡i|
fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i| ZvB Zv‡K K‡b©j ev 5. BmnvK wgqvi `vcU †e‡o
†jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j ev K¨v‡Þb fvev hvIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
hvq| wKš‘ K¨v‡Þ‡bi wb‡Pi c‡` Zv‡K DËi : gyw³hy‡× cvwK¯—vwb‡`i
fvev hvq bv| c¶ Aej¤^b Kivq BmnvK wgqvi
2. byi“j û`v‡K G·Uªv ZU¯’ _vK‡Z `vcU †e‡o wM‡qwQj|
nq †Kb? BmnvK wgqv wQj cvwK¯—vwb‡`i
DËi : wg›Uz gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`vmi| †m Aev‡a Pjv‡div KiZ Ges
w`‡q‡Q e‡j byi“j û`v‡K G·Æv ZU¯’ me mgq D`©y‡Z K_v ejZ| Avi
_vK‡Z nq| cvwK¯—vwb‡`i †`vmi nIqvq mevB
Zv‡K Lye fq †cZ|
 †iBb‡KvU 267
6. wcÖwÝcvj †Kb w`b-ivZ †`vqv- ivZfi U¨vs‡Ki û¼vi, †gwkbMvb
`i“` co‡Zv? Avi †÷bMv‡bi cÖPÊ k‡ã cwiev‡ii
DËi : wcÖwÝcvj cvwK¯—vwb‡`i mevB‡K wb‡q Lv‡Ui wb‡P
Rb¨ w`bivZ †`vqv `i“` coZ| ï‡qwQ‡jb| AvZw¼Z n‡q, Rxeb
cvwK¯—vwb‡`i Rb¨ wcÖwÝcvj i¶vi Rb¨|
cvvwK¯—vwb‡`i c‡¶ Ae¯’vb 8. †Wªwms †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b
wb‡qwQj| †m memgq Zv‡`i g½j `uvwo‡q byi“j û`v f¨vevP¨vKv
Kvgbv KiZ| Avi Zv‡`i R‡qi Rb¨ †L‡q hvb †Kb?
w`bivZ †`vqv-`i“` coZ| DËi : †Wªwms †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b
7. byi“j û`v †Kb cwiev‡ii mevB‡K `uvwo‡q byi“j û`v f¨vevP¨vKv †L‡q
wb‡q Lv‡Ui wb‡P ï‡qwQ‡jb? hvb, KviY Zv‡K †`L‡Z A‡bKUv wg›Uzi
DËi : wgwjUvwi‡`i f‡q byi“j û`v g‡Zv jvMwQj|
cwiev‡ii mevB‡K wb‡q Lv‡Ui wg›Uz wQj gyw³‡hv×v| ZvB byi“j
wb‡P ï‡qwQ‡jb| û`v‡K hw` †`L‡Z Zvi g‡Zv jv‡M
1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡×i Zvn‡j †m Lye wec‡` co‡e| ZvB
cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx †Wªwms †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b `uvwo‡q
G‡`kevmxi Ici AK_¨ wbh©vZb hLb †m †`‡L Zv‡K wb‡R‡K wg›Uzi
Pvwj‡qwQj| cÖvY euvPv‡Z g‡Zv †`L‡Z jv‡M, ZLbB b~i“j û`v
wbi“cvq gvbyl¸‡jv bvbv †KŠkj f¨vevP¨vKv †L‡q hvb|
Aej¤^b K‡iwQj| Avi ZvB byi“j û`v
cix¶v-cÖ¯‘wZ hvPvB Ask (Assesment)
 m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1DÏxcKwU co Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
gyw³‡hv×v bvbvfv‡e cvwK¯—vwbevwnbx‡K AvUK Ki‡Z m`v m‡Pó| G iKg
GKRb gyw³‡hv×v †mKv›`vi Avjx wZwb memgq †`‡ki K_v, †`‡ki gvby‡li K_v
Ges Kxfv‡e wgwjUvwii nvZ †_‡K wbi¯¿ mvaviY gvbyl‡K kvwš—‡Z ivLv hvq
†mme fv‡eb| wZwb ˆmwb‡Ki †cvkvK c‡i wgwjUvwi‡`i Ici AZwK©Z nvgjv
Pvwj‡q Zv‡`i A‡bK †Mvjvevi“` aŸsm Ki‡Z m¶g nb|
K. Kv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i byi“j û`vi Pzgy †L‡Z B”Qv Ki‡Q?
L. Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ ej‡Z Kx †evS?
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z welqwU Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †Kvb welq‡K
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †mKv›`vi Avjx Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wg›Uz GKB D‡Ï‡k¨
gyw³evwnbxi LvZvq bvg w`‡q‡Q|ÓÑ gš—e¨wU we‡klY Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi
K. wcIb‡K|
L. †iBb‡KvU g~jZ Ggb GKwU †cvkvK, hv ci‡j e„wó‡Z kixi †f‡R bv|
†iBb‡KvU A‡bKUv wgwjUvwii †cvkv‡Ki g‡Zv| we‡kl K‡i e„wó‡fRv
†iBb‡KvU AweKj †hb wgwjUvwii †cvkvK| GKvˇi †h‡nZz evsjv A‡j
wgwjUvwi evwnbxi AZ¨vPvi wQj, ZvB G †cvkvK cwiwnZ KvD‡K †`L‡j
wgwjUvwi g‡b K‡i f‡q cvwj‡q †hZ mvaviY gvbyl|
 wUcm&
M. DÏxcKwU c‡o Abyaveb Ki †Kvb welq GLv‡b eZ©gvb| Gici
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †h wel‡qi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki welqwU GKxf~Z, †mwU
mvejxj fvlvq Dc¯’vcb Ki|
268 D”P gva¨wgK m„Rbkxj evsjv
N. DÏxc‡Ki †mKv›`vi Avjxi gyw³evwnbx nIqvi welqwU Zz‡j ai Ges
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wg›Uz Pwi‡Îi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi welqwU
Dc¯’vcb Ki| Gici DÏxcK I Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b Dfq Pwi‡Îi D‡Ï‡k¨
wb‡Ri fvlvq ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2DÏxcKwU co Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
ÔRvgx ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q bv| hv‡e bvÑ kixd, Avwg, i“gx, RvgxÑ PviR‡b e‡m
Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i Av‡MB wVK K‡i †i‡LwQjvg ¯‹zj Lyj‡jI ¯‹z‡j hvIqv n‡e
bv| †`‡k wKQyB ¯^vfvweK Pj‡Q bv, †`‡k GLb hy×ve¯’v, †`kevmxi Ici
nvbv`vi cvwK¯—vwb Rv‡bvqvi‡`i Pj‡Q wbg©g wb‡®úl‡Yi w÷g‡ivjvi| G
Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv Qv‡Îi DwPZ bq eB-LvZv eM‡j ¯‹z‡j hvIqv|
K. †K w`bivZ D`©y e‡j?
L. BmnvK wgqvi `vcU †e‡o hvIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU‡Z Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †Kvb welq cÖavbZ dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z welq Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi LÊvsk gvÎ|  gš—e¨wU
we‡klY Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi
K. BmnvK wgqv|
L. gyw³hy‡× cvwK¯—vwb‡`i c¶ Aej¤^b Kivq BmnvK wgqvi `vcU †e‡o
wM‡qwQj|
BmnvK wgqv wQj cvwK¯—vwb‡`i †`vmi| †m Aev‡a Pjv‡div KiZ Ges
memgq D`©y‡Z K_v ejZ| Avi cvwK¯—vwb‡`i †`vmi nIqvq mevB Zv‡K
Lye fq †cZ|
 wUc&
M. DÏxcKwU g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ c‡o Gi cÖavb welqwU †evSvi †Póv Ki| Gici
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi †h wel‡qi mv‡_ cÖavbZ wgj cwijw¶Z nq †mwU
†`LvI|
N. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU Zz‡j ai Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi wewfbœ welq
Av‡jvPbv Ki| Gici we‡klY As‡k DÏxcK I M‡íi mgš^‡q wb‡Ri wm×vš—
ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j ai|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3DÏxcKwU co Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
c„w_exi GKcÖvš— †_‡K Ab¨cÖv‡š— R¡jš—
†NvlYvi aŸwb-cÖwZaŸwb Zz‡j,
bZzb wbkvb Dwo‡q, `vgvgv evwR‡q w`wM¦w`K
K. †÷bMvbIqvjv †QvKivi `j †bŠKv f‡i Kx wb‡q Av‡m? 1
L. wgwjUvwi †÷bMvb ZvK K‡i †i‡L‡Q †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Q Kxfv‡e? e¨vL¨v
Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z welq Ò†iBb‡KvUÓ M‡íi cwic~Y© fv‡ei aviK bq|Ó gš
—e¨wU we‡klY Ki| 4
m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi
K. A¯¿ wb‡q Av‡m|
L. cvwK¯—vwb wgwjUvwi †÷bMvb ZvK K‡i †i‡L‡Q evsjvi wbixn-
wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Ici|
GKvˇii gyw³hy‡×i mgq Pig AZ¨vPvi ïi“ K‡iwQj cvwK¯—v‡bi †mbviv|
Zviv kn‡i-MÖv‡g wewfbœ RvqMvq mvaviY gvbyl‡K nqivwb KiZ
 †iBb‡KvU 269
GgbwK iv¯—vq Mvwo `uvo Kwi‡q mvaviY gvbyl‡K †÷bMvb DuwP‡q
fq †`LvZ| g~jZ G A‡j Îvm m„wó Kivi Rb¨B Ziv G ai‡bi AcKg© PvjvZ|
 wUcm&
M. DÏxcKwU g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges †evSvi †Póv Ki †Kvb
welqwU GLv‡b dz‡U D‡V‡Q? Zvici Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwUi †h NUbvs‡ki
mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki welqwUi mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q †mwU Zz‡j ai|
N. cÖ_‡gB DÏxcK welqwU Dc¯’vcb Ki| Zvici Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi
wewfbœ wel‡qi eY©bv `vI| g~j¨vqb As‡k DÏxcK Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ
M‡íi mgš^‡q wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cÖkœvbyhvqx mnR‡eva¨ fvlvq DËi
†jL|