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15 views14 pages

Lecture - 7

Uploaded by

yuvrajsinghiitbhu
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Lecture 07- Fluid Mechanics (CH0102)

Mahendra Kumar Pal, PhD


Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT BHU, Varanasi

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Course Content

Introduction Week#1

Fluid Statics Week#2

Fluid Kinematics Week#3

Viscous Flow Week#4

Fluid Dynamics Week#5

Flow Through pipes Week#6

Dimensional Analysis and Hydraulics Similitude Week#7

Boundary Layer Flow Week#8
Content of the Lecture

Recap of Previous Lecture

Manometer

Hydrostatic Forces on submerged bodies

Buoyancy and Stability

Summary of Lecture
Recap of Previous Lectures

Basic Definitions

Streamlines, Pathlines, Streaklines

Concept of Hydro-statics

Pascal Law

Pressure Force on Fluid Element

Capillary Effects and Barometer
Manometer

Simple devices which employ liquid column to
measure the pressure difference between two
points

Simplest form is Piezometer
P= ρ g h+ P atm

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
U-Tube Manometer

With two vertical limbs form a U-Shaped
measuring tube

A liquid of different density is used
P A + ρ g h=P atm + ρ1 g h1

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
Inclined Manometer

With an inclined tube arrangement to amplify the pressure
reading, especially in low pressure range

Pressure at OO’

From vertical tube

P0 =P+ ρ g h

From inclined Tube

P0 =Patm + ρ1 g h1 sin θ

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
Differential Manometer

Measures the difference of pressure between two points in a
fluid system and cannot measure the actual pressure at any
point

Pressure difference can be calculated by balancing the
pressure in horizontal plane
P A + ρ3 gh 3 + ρ1 gh 1=P B + ρ2 gh2

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
Multiple Manometer
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Surfaces

What we know
 Pressure varies in static fluid

Our interest
 The magnitude of force
 The direction of force
 Line of action of force

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Surfaces

Force acting on small volume
 dF=PdA


Direction of dA is normal to surface
F R =∫ PdA

Resultant Force A

P= P0 + ρ h h

Expression Pressure

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Surfaces
F R =P0 A+ ρ g sin θ y c A=( P0 + ρ g h c ) A

Center of pressure
Point of action of total hydrostatic force on
submerged surface is called center of pressure

To find its location, moment balance about any


axis is used
Y F =∫ P . y . dA=∫ y . ( P + ρ g h ) dA
cp R 0
A A

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Surfaces

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Guwahati/fluid_mechanics/index.htm
Reference Books

Fox and McDonald Dr. R. K. Bansal

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