JDBC –

Java DataBase Connectivity

What is JDBC?
 “An API that lets you access virtually any tabular data
source from the Java programming language”
 JDBC Data Access API – JDBC Technology Homepage
 What’s an API?
 See J2SE documentation

 What’s a tabular data source?

 “… access virtually any data source, from relational

databases to spreadsheets and flat files.”
 JDBC Documentation
 We’ll focus on accessing Oracle/MySQL databases

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Database Drivers
 Think of a database as just another device
connected to your computer
 like other devices it has a driver program to
relieves you of having to do low level
programming to use the database
 the driver provides you with a high level api to
the database

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
ODBC
 Open Data Base Connectivity
 Developed by Microsoft for the Windows
platform as the way for Windows applications
to access Microsoft databases (SQL Server,
FoxPro, Access)
 Has become an industry standard
 Most data base vendors supply native, odbc,
and jdbc drivers for their data base products

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
General Architecture
 What design pattern is
implied in this
architecture?
 What does it buy for us?
 Why is this architecture
also multi-tiered?

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
JDBC Architecture

Java Application

JDBC API

Data Base Drivers

Access SQL DB2 Informix MySQL Sybase

Server

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,
VIT Bhopal University
Basic steps to use
a database in Java
 1.Establish a connection
 2.Create JDBC Statements
 3.Execute SQL Statements
 4.GET ResultSet
 5.Close connections

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
 https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/installer/

 https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

 https://www.javaguides.net/2019/07/login-application-using-
java-swing-jdbc-mysql-example-tutorial.html

 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-j/8.0/en/connector-j-
usagenotes-connect-drivermanager.html

 https://www.javaguides.net/2019/07/login-application-using-
java-swing-jdbc-mysql-example-tutorial.html
Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,
VIT Bhopal University
1. Establish a connection
 import java.sql.*;
 Load the vendor specific driver
 Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
 What do you think this statement does, and how?
 Dynamically loads a driver class, for Oracle database
 Make the connection
 Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@oracle-prod:1521:OPROD",
username, passwd);
 What do you think this statement does?
 Establishes connection to database by obtaining
a Connection object
Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,
VIT Bhopal University
2. Create JDBC statement(s)
 Statement stmt = con.createStatement() ;
 Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements
to the database

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Executing SQL Statements
 String createLehigh = "Create table Lehigh " +
"(SSN Integer not null, Name VARCHAR(32), " +
"Marks Integer)";
stmt.executeUpdate(createLehigh);
//What does this statement do?

 String insertLehigh = "Insert into Lehigh values“

+ "(123456789,abc,100)";
stmt.executeUpdate(insertLehigh);
Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,
VIT Bhopal University
Get ResultSet
String queryLehigh = "select * from Lehigh";

ResultSet rs = Stmt.executeQuery(queryLehigh);
//What does this statement do?

while (rs.next()) {
int ssn = rs.getInt("SSN");
String name = rs.getString("NAME");
int marks = rs.getInt("MARKS");
Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

} VIT Bhopal University

Close connection
 stmt.close();
 con.close();

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Transactions and JDBC
 JDBC allows SQL statements to be grouped together into a
single transaction
 Transaction control is performed by the Connection object,
default mode is auto-commit, I.e., each sql statement is treated
as a transaction
 We can turn off the auto-commit mode with
con.setAutoCommit(false);
 And turn it back on with con.setAutoCommit(true);
 Once auto-commit is off, no SQL statement will be committed
until an explicit is invoked con.commit();
 At this point all changes done by the SQL statements will be
made permanent in the database.

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Handling Errors with
Exceptions
 Programs should recover and leave the database in
a consistent state.
 If a statement in the try block throws an exception or
warning, it can be caught in one of the
corresponding catch statements
 How might a finally {…} block be helpful here?
 E.g., you could rollback your transaction in a
catch { …} block or close database connection and
free database related resources in finally {…} block

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Another way to access database
(JDBC-ODBC)

What’s a bit different

about this
architecture?

Why add yet

another layer?

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Sample program
import java.sql.*;
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); //dynamic loading of driver
String filename = "c:/db1.mdb"; //Location of an Access database
String database = "jdbc:odbc:Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};DBQ=";
database+= filename.trim() + ";DriverID=22;READONLY=true}"; //add on to end
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection( database ,"","");
Statement s = con.createStatement();
s.execute("create table TEST12345 ( firstcolumn integer )");
s.execute("insert into TEST12345 values(1)");
s.execute("select firstcolumn from TEST12345");

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Sample program(cont)
ResultSet rs = s.getResultSet();
if (rs != null) // if rs == null, then there is no ResultSet to view
while ( rs.next() ) // this will step through our data row-by-row
{ /* the next line will get the first column in our current row's ResultSet
as a String ( getString( columnNumber) ) and output it to the screen */
System.out.println("Data from column_name: " + rs.getString(1) );
}
s.close(); // close Statement to let the database know we're done with it
con.close(); //close connection
}
catch (Exception err) { System.out.println("ERROR: " + err); }
}
}

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University
Experiment steps performed
 Create new Java project in eclipse.
 Create new class (.java) in src folder within new project.
 Create a new folder (libs) in project created in 1.
 Add all jar files from ucanaccess binary folder to libs folder
created in step-3 (downloaded from:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/ucanaccess/
 Now create a MS-Access Database with 2-3 columns (attributes).
 We have created a DB StudentInformation.
 Then a table tbl_Student with attributes: ID (PK), s_id and s_branch
 Applied proper Exception handling.

 To write the program, follow the 5 steps given in slide-9.

 Finally the source code is provided (MyFirstSQL.java)

Prof. Anand Motwani, Faculty - SCSE,

VIT Bhopal University