Mineral and Energy Resources Class
Mineral and Energy Resources Class
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a
residual mass of weathered material?
(a) coal
(b) bauxite
(c) gold
(d) zinc
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) bauxite
(b) mica
(c) iron ore
(d) copper
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) sedimentary rocks
(b) metamorphic rocks
(c) igneous rocks
(d) none of the above
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) oil
(b) uranium
(c) thorium
(d) coal
Solution :
(i) (a)
Ferrous mineral
Metallic minerals which contain iron are called ferrous minerals, e.g.. iron ore, manganese,
nickel, cobalt, etc. They have small amounts of other metals or elements added, to give the
required properties. Ferrous Metals are magnetic and give little resistance to corrosion.
Non ferrous minerals- Metallic minerals which do not contain iron and are not
magnetic and are usually more resistant to corrosion than ferrous metals are called
non-ferrous minerals, e.g.. copper, bauxite, tin, etc.
(b)
.
(ii) A mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable interior
structure.
(iii) In igneous and metamorphic rocks, molten/liquid and gaseous minerals are forced
upwards into the cracks. They then solidify and form veins or lodes.
(iv) It takes millions of years for the formation of minerals. Compared to the present rate of
consumption, the replenishment rate of minerals is very slow. Hence, mineral resources are
finite and non-renewable. Due to this, it is important that we conserve the mineral resources.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Solution :
• The major resources of metallurgical coal belong to the Gondwana age and are located
mainly in the north eastern part of the peninsula.
• Rich reserves of coal are found in the Damodar Valley region in the states of West Bengal
and Jharkhand. Raniganj in West Bengal and Jharia and Bokaro in Jharkhand are important
coalfields. One third of the total production comes from here.
• Coal is also found in the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys. Korba in
Chhattisgarh, Singrauli and Penah-kanhan valley in Madhya Pradesh, Talcher in Orissa,
Kamptee and Chandrapur in Maharashtra and Singareni of Andhra Pradesh are important
coal mines.
• Tertiary coal occur in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
and Nagaland.
• Principal lignite reserves are found in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu.
1.Why is there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density
found in minerals?
Answer:
A wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lusture and density is found in minerals
because a particular mineral is formed from a certain combination of elements and depends
upon the physical and chemical conditions under which the material forms.
Question 2.
How do minerals occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals occur in the cracks, crevices, faults
or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger ones are called lodes.
Question 3.
How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
In sedimentary rocks, minerals occur in beds or layers. They are deposited in
horizontal stratas.
Question 4
‘Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent
need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving.’ Suggest and
explain any three measures to solve this burning problem.
Answer:
The following are the measures to solve this burning problem.
Increased consumption of energy resources has increased our dependence on fossil fuels
like coal, oil and gas.
There are uncertainties about the energy supplies in future because of their potential
shortages.
Use of non-renewable sources have serious consequences on the growth of national
economy as they are getting expensive day by day.
Above all, non-renewable sources pose a great threat in the form of pollution and other
environmental issues.
Solar, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material can thus, be proved
advantageous in long run.
Q.Differentiate between conventional and unconventional sources of energy.
Ans-