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Question 4

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8 views1 page

Question 4

Uploaded by

Syed Mehsher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Answer:

The equation x²+y²+z²=c²t² represents the


spacetime interval in special relativity.
Lorentz transformation is a mathematical
framework that describes how the
coordinates of an event in one inertial frame
of reference are related to the coordinates in
another frame moving at a constant velocity
relative to the first frame.

In special relativity, the spacetime interval is


defined as:

s² = x² + y² + z² - c²t²

where x, y, and z are the spatial coordinates,


t is the time coordinate, and c is the speed of
light.

Lorentz transformation equations relate the


coordinates (x, y, z, t) in one inertial frame
(frame S) to the coordinates (x', y', z', t') in
another inertial frame (frame S'). These
equations are:

x' = γ(x - vt)

y' = y

z' = z

t' = γ(t - vx/c²)

where γ is the Lorentz factor given by:

γ = 1 / sqrt(1 - v²/c²)

By substituting the Lorentz transformation


equations into the spacetime interval
equation, we can show that the spacetime
interval is invariant under Lorentz
transformation.

Let's substitute the transformed coordinates


into the spacetime interval equation:

s'² = (x'² + y'² + z'²) - c²t'²

Substituting the Lorentz transformation


equations:

s'² = (γ²(x - vt)² + y² + z²) - c²γ²(t - vx/c²)²

Expanding and simplifying:

s'² = γ²(x² - 2xvt + v²t² + y² + z²) - c²γ²(t² -


2txt'v/c² + v²x²/c⁴)

Using the identity γ²(1 - v²/c²) = 1:

s'² = (x² + y² + z²) - c²t²

Therefore, we can see that the spacetime


interval s'² is equal to the spacetime interval
s², which means the equation x²+y²+z²=c²t² is
invariant under Lorentz transformation.

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