Lesson Ways to Address Social
1 Inequalities
The difference in income between the richest and lowest earners is known as
inequality. You may contend that inequality has a number of drawbacks and is proof
of societal issues at their core.
Social inequality is a reflection of the inherent inequalities in people's skills
and efforts.
To obtain money and status, someone may have to possess remarkable
intelligence and skills. Social inequality, which represents an unequal distribution
of social classes and interests, is a frequent factor in societies with various cultural
backgrounds, norms, and traditions.
In the previous modules, you have learned government programs and
initiatives in addressing social inequalities. Now, we will talk about the suggested
ways to address social inequalities. Before we begin, answer the activity to let you
explore more our next lesson.
What is It
Global Inequality
Inequality does not exist only in localities and states but also among states.
There are states that are influential, wealthy and powerful. This leads to a situation
of global inequality; where poor has less power and rich is powerful.
Global inequality (also sometimes referred to as international inequality) can
be defined as the unequal distribution of material resources and income across
countries. Apart from economic figures, global inequality may also refer to the access
to medical care and also to education. According to the global wealth report of Global
Suisse, half of the worldwide wealth is owned by the richest 1% of people. This also
implies huge international inequality which has many adverse consequences. The
international financial institutions (IFIs), including the International Monetary Fund
(IMF), the World Bank, and regional and specialized multilateral development banks,
are mobilizing unprecedented levels of financial resources to support countries
responding to the health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Causes of Global Effects of Global Solutions for Global
Inequality Inequality Inequality
1. Political goals 1. Health effects 1. Better access to
2. Tax avoidance 2. Poverty education
3. Exploitation of poor 3. Social tensions 2. Financial subsidies
countries 4. Starvation 3. Create incentives for
4. Lack of education 5. Increased probability firms to locate to poor
5. Lack of innovation for conflicts areas
6. Gender inequality 6. Lack of access to 4. Increase incentives for
7. Insecurity regarding education innovation
property rights 7. Frustration 5. Worldwide support
8. Low living quality 8. Bad working 6. Global wealth tax
9. Low investment conditions 7. Improve worker’s rights
incentives firms 9. Drug use 8. Establish minimum
10. Regional factors 10. Radical movements wages
11. Conflicts, Famine 11. Migration 9. Convince others
12. Consumption 12. Health effects 10. Increase national
behavior and natural 13. Poverty stability levels
disasters 14. Social tensions 11. Improve trade policies
15. Starvation 12. Change consumption
16. Increased probability behavior
for conflicts
17. Lack of access to
education
18. Frustration
19. Bad working
conditions
20. Drug use
21. Radical movements
22. Migration
Strategies to Reduce Inequality
Disparities based on opportunity, income, sex, age, handicap, sexual
orientation, race, class, and ethnicity. In addition to being essential for ensuring that
no one is left behind, addressing these social and economic inequities is also a
requirement for long-term poverty reduction and social cohesion. A fundamental
barrier to long-term economic progress is inequality. Understanding inequality's
roots and effects, which can be complicated and deeply ingrained in social, economic,
political, and environmental systems and resources, is essential to reducing
inequality. The following are strategies to reduce social inequalities according to
Bonilla (2016).
Strategies Descriptions
Pro-poor fiscal policy • Financial incentives for poor entrepreneurs can
boost them to enter formal sector. The government
and make them easier for them to pay taxes
according to their status and revenue.
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• Financial assistance for banks can encourage them
to lend money to the poor entrepreneurs as the
government provides guarantee and may create
funding programs for poor.
Better targeting of • Focused on helping to reduce income, education,
social programs and health-related inequality. Income transfer
program (Conditional Cash Transfer or the 4Ps in
the Philippines) can have a long term impact for the
poorest of the poor
Participatory decision- • focused on the voices of the poor and other sectors
making (farmers, artists etc.) for policy-making
Revision of legislative • aims to identify unfair laws or laws that cause
frameworks that foster inequalities among groups, laws that neglect
in equality domestic labor as productive and essential or
social security schemes that have no general
access
Promotive action • media movements and advocacies identifying and
promoting participation of discriminated groups to
various social activities in order to boost their
confidence
Addressing regional • improving farm to market roads as well as
inequality decentralization of public services in order to share
prosperity among regions and far flung areas
Differentiated poverty • Different policies are needed to address each case
reduction policies of poverty since it has different dynamics in every
community.
Measuring other • Most inequalities are perpetuated by institutions.
inequalities, rather There is a need to identify other inequalities such
than just income in as health, political and others.
equality
Program Monitoring • Determining the impact and progress of a program
and Evaluation has a lot of contribution to the improvement of the
society’s system. Knowing to continue or change
the program for a certain sector
Global inequality is a serious issue that affects poor countries and the
residents of such areas severely. Global inequality can result from both human
actions and unforeseen natural events.
It is essential that nations from all over the world collaborate and share their
most recent research discoveries with one another in order to combat global inequity.
In order to help poor countries advance, affluent countries are also
responsible for giving them financial assistance. By altering your consumption
habits, you can also help lessen inequality in your day-to-day existence.
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All of these steps could result in a situation where global inequality is greatly
reduced and individuals all around the world gain from the favorable connected
impacts.
References
Alejandria-Gonzales, Maria Carinnes P. 2019. Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics (Second Edition). Manila: DIWA Learning Systems Incorporated.
Andreas. 2021. Global Inequality: Causes, Effects & Solutions. May 22. Accessed
February 14, 2022. https://environmental-conscience.com/causes-effects-
solutions-for-global-inequality/.
Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasga, and Cecile C.
Fadrigon. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (K-12). Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House.
Libretexts. 2021. The Functionalist Perspective on Deviance. February 20. Accessed
February 14, 2022. https://tinyurl.com/ycksv34j.
Ravelo, Cheryl. 2015. The big inequality debate: can our system work for richer and
for poorer? April 02. Accessed September 9, 2023.
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-
network/2015/apr/02/inequality-debate-rich-poor-gap-sdgs.
Maguya, Jonathan L. “Bridging the Poor and Gap.” Business Mirror. October 14,
2018, https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/10/14/bridging-the-rich-
poor-gap/
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