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Strings

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13 views

Strings

strings notes

Uploaded by

hondomat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <regex>

int main() {

// i. Declare and initialize a string variable with your name

std::string name = "John";

// ii. Concatenate your name with a greeting message and display the result

std::string greeting = "Hello, " + name + "!";

std::cout << greeting << std::endl;

// iii. Use string slicing to extract a substring from your name (e.g., the first three characters)

std::string substring = name.substr(0, 3);

std::cout << "Substring of name: " << substring << std::endl;

// iv. Replace a specific character in your name with another character and display the modified
name

char originalChar = 'o';

char replacementChar = 'x';

std::string modifiedName = name;

size_t pos = modifiedName.find(originalChar);

if (pos != std::string::npos) {

modifiedName[pos] = replacementChar;

std::cout << "Modified name: " << modifiedName << std::endl;

// v. Use regular expressions to validate an email address entered by the user

std::string emailAddress;

std::cout << "Enter an email address: ";

std::cin >> emailAddress;


// Regular expression pattern to validate email address format

std::regex emailPattern(R"(\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\b)");

// Check if the entered email address matches the pattern

if (std::regex_match(emailAddress, emailPattern)) {

std::cout << "Valid email address." << std::endl;

} else {

std::cout << "Invalid email address." << std::endl;

return 0;

Control structures

 Conditional statements allow you to execute different blocks of code based on certain
conditions.

 In C++, the primary conditional statements are if, else if, and else.

int x = 10;

if (x > 0) {

std::cout << "x is positive." << std::endl;

} else if (x < 0) {

std::cout << "x is negative." << std::endl;

} else {

std::cout << "x is zero." << std::endl;

Loops:

 Loops allow you to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true.

 The main loop constructs in C++ are for, while, and do-while loops.

 Example of for loop:


Q1

Example of while loop:

int i = 0;

while (i < 5) {

std::cout << i << std::endl;

++i;

Example of do-while loop:

int i = 0;

do {

std::cout << i << std::endl;

++i;

} while (i < 5);

Jump Statements and Implementation of continue and break Statements in Loops:

 Jump statements allow you to alter the flow of control in a program.

 continue statement: Skips the remaining code in the current iteration of a loop and
continues with the next iteration.

 break statement: Exits the loop immediately, regardless of the loop condition.

for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {

if (i % 2 == 0) {

continue; // Skip even numbers

std::cout << i << std::endl;

if (i == 7) {

break; // Exit loop when i equals 7

}
#include <iostream>

int main() {

int score;

// Prompt the user to enter the exam score

std::cout << "Enter the exam score: ";

std::cin >> score;

// Display corresponding message based on the score range using switch

switch (score / 10) {

case 0:

case 1:

case 2:

case 3:

case 4:

std::cout << "Fail" << std::endl;

break;

case 5:

std::cout << "Pass" << std::endl;

break;

case 6:

std::cout << "Credit" << std::endl;

break;

case 7:

std::cout << "Distinction" << std::endl;

break;

case 8:

case 9:

case 10:
std::cout << "High Distinction" << std::endl;

break;

default:

std::cout << "Invalid score" << std::endl;

break;

return 0;

Score below 50: Fail

Score 50-64: Pass

Score 65-74: Credit

Score 75-84: Distinction

Score 85-100: High Distinction

Using if statement

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

// Declare variables

int score;

// Prompt user to enter exam score

cout << "Enter your exam score: ";


cin >> score;

// Check score range and display corresponding message

if (score < 50) {

cout << "Fail" << endl;

} else if (score >= 50 && score <= 64) {

cout << "Pass" << endl;

} else if (score >= 65 && score <= 74) {

cout << "Credit" << endl;

} else if (score >= 75 && score <= 84) {

cout << "Distinction" << endl;

} else if (score >= 85 && score <= 100) {

cout << "High Distinction" << endl;

} else {

cout << "Invalid score entered" << endl;

return 0;

Using switch statement

int score;
// Prompt user to enter exam score

cout << "Enter the student's exam score: ";

cin >> score;

// Using switch to determine the message based on score range

switch (score / 10) {

case 10:

case 9:

case 8:

cout << "High Distinction";

break;

case 7:

cout << "Distinction";

break;

case 6:

cout << "Credit";

break;

case 5:

cout << "Pass";

break;

default:

cout << "Fail";

break;

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