Good Evening Students,

Java Strings (String Handling in Java)

String: group of characters.

C/C++ ======> char[] or char array ==============> string.h

Java =======> String is treated as an Object ====> java.lang.String, StringBuffer,
StringBuilder, StringTokenizer
Py =========> String is treated as an Object ====> inbuilt data structure is str

Object ------> mutable objects and immutable objects

String ------------------> immutable obj (modifications are not allowed)

StringBuffer ------------> mutable obj (modifications are allowed), only one thread
is allowed
StringBuilder -----------> mutable obj (modifications are allowed), multiple
threads are allowed
StringTokenizer ---------> it is used to divide the split the string into tokens

String:
-------
1. String s = new String();
---------------------------
it creates an empty string.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s = new String();
System.out.println(s);
System.out.println(s.length());//0
}
}

2. String s = new String(String_Literal);

-----------------------------------------
it creates a string obj with given string literal

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s = new String("prakash");
System.out.println(s);//prakash
}
}

3. String s = new String(char[]);

---------------------------------
it creates a string obj with char[] values.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
 {
char ch[]={'w','e','l','c','o','m','e'};
String s = new String(ch);
System.out.println(s);//welcome
}
}

4. String s = new String(char[],int offset,int count);

------------------------------------------------------
it creates a string object with given char[] starting from offset to number of
characters (count)

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
char ch[]={'w','e','l','c','o','m','e'};
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
String s1 = new String(ch);
String s2 = new String(ch,3,2);
String s3 = new String(ch,3,4);
System.out.println(s1);//welcome
System.out.println(s2);//co
System.out.println(s3);//come
}
}

5. String s = new String(byte[]);

---------------------------------
it creates a string object with given byte[]

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
byte b[] = {97,98,99,100,101};
// 0 1 2 3 4
String s = new String(b);
System.out.println(s);//abcde
}
}

6. String s = new String(byte[],int offset,int count);

------------------------------------------------------
it creates a string with given byte[] starting from offset to number of byte values

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
byte b[] = {97,98,99,100,101};
// 0 1 2 3 4
String s1 = new String(b);
String s2 = new String(b,1,3);
System.out.println(s1);//abcde
 System.out.println(s2);//bcd
}
}

7. String s = new String(StringBuffer);

---------------------------------------
it converts String into StringBuffer obj

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("iaH");//HYD
sb.reverse();//Hai
String s = new String(sb);
System.out.println(s);//Hai
}
}

8. String s = new String(StringBuilder);

----------------------------------------
it creates a String obj for the given StringBuilder obj

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("iaH");//HYD
sb.reverse();//Hai
String s = new String(sb);
System.out.println(s);//Hai
}
}

Since string builder and buffer has similar methods.

With diff of efficiency.
Which we convert more string into.

we can give like this

String s = "Akshay";

Methods:
--------
1. int length();
----------------
it returns length i.e. number of characters present in the given string.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s = new String("welcome");
System.out.println(s.length());//7
 }
}

2. boolean isEmpty();
---------------------
it returns whether the given string is empty or not.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s1 = new String("welcome");
String s2 = new String("");
String s3 = new String(" ");
System.out.println(s1.isEmpty());//false
System.out.println(s2.isEmpty());//true
System.out.println(s3.isEmpty());//false
}
}

3. char charAt(int index);

--------------------------
it returns char located at the given index value.

RE: StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome");
// 0123456
System.out.println(s.charAt(0));//w
System.out.println(s.charAt(4));//o
System.out.println(s.charAt(6));//e
System.out.println(s.charAt(8));//SIOBE
}
}

D:\>java Test
w
o
e
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index
out of range: 8
at java.base/java.lang.StringLatin1.charAt(StringLatin1.java:48)
at java.base/java.lang.String.charAt(String.java:1512)
at Test.main(Test.java:10)

4. int indexOf(char);
---------------------
returns index value of the given character.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome");
// 0123456
System.out.println(s.indexOf('w'));//0
System.out.println(s.indexOf('c'));//3
System.out.println(s.indexOf('e'));//1
}
}

5. int lastIndexOf(char);
-------------------------
returns last index value of the given character.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome");
// 0123456
System.out.println(s.indexOf('w'));//0
System.out.println(s.indexOf('c'));//3
System.out.println(s.indexOf('e'));//1
System.out.println(s.lastIndexOf('e'));//6
}
}

Note: int myImplIndexOf(char,b_index,e_index);

String is final class how we can implement custom method sir?

class Prakash{
int myImplIndexOf(char,b_index,e_index){
-----------------------
-----------------------
-----------------------
-----------------------
return index;
}
}

6. char[] toCharArray();
------------------------
it returns char[] of the given string.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome");
// 0123456
char ch[] = s.toCharArray();
for(char c:ch)
System.out.println(c);
 }
}

D:\>javac Test.java

D:\>java Test
w
e
l
c
o
m
e

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome");
// 0123456
char ch[] = s.toCharArray();
for(int i=0;i<ch.length;i++)
System.out.println(i+"=====>"+ch[i]);
}
}

D:\>javac Test.java

D:\>java Test
0=====>w
1=====>e
2=====>l
3=====>c
4=====>o
5=====>m
6=====>e

7. byte[] getBytes();
---------------------
it returns ascii values of char present in the string.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome");
// 0123456
byte b[] = s.getBytes();
for(int i=0;i<b.length;i++)
System.out.println(i+"=====>"+b[i]+" =====>"+(char)b[i]);
}
}

D:\>javac Test.java

D:\>java Test
0=====>119 =====>w
1=====>101 =====>e
2=====>108 =====>l
3=====>99 =====>c
4=====>111 =====>o
5=====>109 =====>m
6=====>101 =====>e

D:\>

8. String toUpperCase();
------------------------
it returns a new String obj with all upper case values.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome");
System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());//WELCOME
System.out.println(s);//welcome
s=s.toUpperCase();
System.out.println(s);//WELCOME
}
}

9. String toLowerCase();
------------------------
it returns a new String obj with all lower case values.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("JAVA");
System.out.println(s.toLowerCase());//java
}
}

10. String trim();

------------------
it removes spaces at begin and end of the string.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String(" JAVA ");
System.out.println(s.trim());//java
System.out.println(s.trim().length());//4
System.out.println(s.length());//10
}
}

11. boolean equals(String);

---------------------------
it returns true if both string objects having same content including case.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s1= new String("java");
String s2= new String("python");
String s3= new String("Java");
String s4= new String("java");
System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));//false
System.out.println(s1.equals(s3));//false
System.out.println(s1.equals(s4));//true
}
}

12. boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String);

-------------------------------------
it returns true if both string objects having same content excluding case.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s1= new String("java");
String s2= new String("python");
String s3= new String("Java");
String s4= new String("java");
System.out.println(s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2));//false
System.out.println(s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s3));//true
System.out.println(s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s4));//true
}
}

strcmp() and stricmp()

String s1 = new String("hai");

String s2 = new String("hai");

13. String concat(String);

--------------------------
it concatenates the given string obj with current string object.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s1= new String("welcome ");
String s2= new String("java");
String s3= new String("python");
System.out.println(s1.concat(s2));//welcome java
System.out.println(s1+s2);//welcome java
System.out.println(s1+s3);//welcome python
}
}
14. String substring(int start);
--------------------------------
it returns a substring starting from start location.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome to java and python programs");
System.out.println(s.substring(11));//java and python programs
System.out.println(s.substring(20));//python programs
}
}

15. String substring(int start,int end);

----------------------------------------
it returns a sub string starting from start to end-1.

Ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s= new String("welcome to java and python programs");
System.out.println(s.substring(11,15));//java
}
}

part-1 movie T
part-2 movie T
part-3 movie programs