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FOREWORD

More has been said about the writing of lawyers and judges than of any other group,

except, of course, poets and novelists. The difference is that while the latter has usually

been admired for their writing, the public has almost always damned lawyers and

judges for theirs. If this state of affairs has changed in recent times, it is only in that

many lawyers and judges have now joined the rest of the world is complaining about

the quality of legal prose.

My best wishes to all these student contributors, for their future endeavors. My best

wishes and assurance to the readers that this will add a lot to the knowledge after

reading this Judiciary notes. It’s not just for the legal fraternity but for anyone who has

an interest in the field of law.

- By Vrinda Khanna, Associate,

All India Legal Forum

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 PREFACE

May there be Peace in Heaven, May there be Peace in the Sky, May there be Peace in

the Earth, May there be Peace in the Water, May there be Peace in the Plants, May there

be Peace in the Trees, May there be Peace in the Gods in the various Worlds, May there

be Peace in all the human beings, May there be Peace in All.

PEACE, PEACE, PEACE.

Our age-old culture prays for peace and happiness for one and all. Family is the first

and oldest social group. It has played an important role in the stability and prosperity of

the civilization. Almost everything of lasting value in humanity has its roots in the

family. Peace and harmony in the family are important for the all-round development of

children. This Compilation of Judiciary notes by All India Legal Forum is aimed at

bringing about desired sensitivity in all duty holders. We’re glad to be a part of the All

India Forum. Here’s an introduction to my team:

Patron- in-Chief: Aayush Akar

Editor-in-Chief: Shubhank Suman

Senior Manager: Vrinda Khanna

Manager: Deb Zyoti Das

Researchers:

Elamathy. S

Yash Sharma

Aastha Miglani

Editor: Ayesha Afrose

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 DISCLAIMER

Team AILF India has made all efforts to summarize the Judiciary notes retrieved from

AIR and SCC. In some cases, the team has tried to summarize cases from the available

sources as they could not find original ones.

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 Prepositions

1) They were left with (1)/ no alternatives but to acquiesce with (2)/ his unfair demand (3) /
no error

2) I arrived (1)/ at the coaching (2)/ in good time(3)/ no error

3) Passengers should(1)/ be in time (2)/ for their train (3)/ no error

4) Everyone complains against (1)/ callous treatment (2)/ of the police (3)/ no error

5) Meera is very (1)/ popular among her (2)/ friends and relatives (3)/ no error

6) On diwali I will (1)/ order for a new (2)/ pair of spectacles (3)/ no error

7) The accused was (1)/ bound by a chain (2)/ and taken to prison (3)/ no error

8) My mom assured me (1)/ to present me a new smartphone (2)/ on my next birthday (3)/ no
error

9) In a democratic society no one (1)/ should be discriminated because (2)/ of caste ,creed
and race(3)/ no error
10) A summons (1)/ was (2)/ served to him last week (3)/ no error
11) The news of the (1)/ chief minister’s death (2)/ spread in all over the country (3)/ no
error
12) She was admitted in the (1)/ hospital when she (2)/ met with an accident (3)/ no error
13) This is the dress(1)/ for that I (2)/ have been looking (3)/ no error
14) It was I who am (1)/ responsible of making (2)/ all the arrangements for the party (3)/ no
error
15) The songs of (1) this movie are (2) worth listening to (3)/ no error

Answers :

1)’ Acquiesce in ‘
It means ‘to accept passively’ .

KIM( Keep in mind) – ‘in’ is used with acquiesce.

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2) The sentence is absolutely correct.
In good time – with comfortable margin.

3) The sentence is absolutely correct.

‘In time’ means ‘not late’
On time – at the time arranged, neither before nor after.

4) ‘complains of’ is the correct usage

The word ‘Complain’ is always targeted at something or someone. It is also a ‘negative
impact’ verb. There is no need to double negate it with a word like ‘against’.

5) ‘popular with ‘ is the correct usage here

Note – ‘Popular with’ is usually used for people, e.g. “Popular with the girls”,
“Popular with the working class…”

“Popular among” is usually used with ideas among people, eg.

The new policy is not going to be popular among the members of the party.

6) omit ‘for’

7) ‘bound with’ is the correct usage.

8) present me with a new smartphone

Tip – If indirect object is used just after the verbs ( present, provide, entrust,
supply) , suitable preposition is used before the direct object.

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For example

He provided me money.

He provided me with money.

Indirect object – me, direct object – money

He provided money to me.

9) discriminated against

10) ‘served on ‘ is the right usage

To Serve something on someone.

Note – ‘Summon’ is a verb while ‘summons’ is a noun. Plural is summonses.

11) remove ‘in’

12) ‘admitted to ‘
Preposition ‘to’ is used after ‘admit’.

13)The correct sentence is

This is the dress that I have been looking for.

Note – A preposition is usually placed before its object but when the object of the
preposition is a relative pronoun ‘that’ it is placed after it.

For example

This is the restaurant of that she always talks.

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This is the restaurant that she always talks of.

14) Responsible for

15) Remove to

Double Fillers

1. The document is still a vague, open-ended mess that says very little while asking a ton
of ____, giving the commission leeway to do more-or-less whatever it wants when the
commenting ____ closes in a few months.

A. questions, period

B. Comments, time

C. Money, window

D. Time, website

Ans. A

2. Brokerage houses have given a mixed response to the consumer goods sector, with
most saying GST taxes are neutral to positive, ____ that since many companies enjoy excise
duty exemption, clarity is ____ on these in the excise-free zones under GST.

A. Saying, expected

B. Speaking, demanded

C. Separating, desired

D. Adding, awaited

Ans. D

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3. Pakistan ___________________ raises this bogey of nuclear escalation every time it
engages in some action in terms of ________________ terrorists across.

A. repeatedly, sending

B. exercised, budgeted

C. constraints, struggles

D. approached, motivational

Ans. A

4. Attention needs to be ______________ to both cyclical and structural dimensions of

India’s present ____________________ slowdown.

A. infrastructure, functionality

B. paid, economic

C. sought, remote

D. willing, sharing

Ans. B

5. Private corporate and public sectors were the _________________ sectors, financing
their deficits from the ____________________ savings of the household sector.

A. proven, altered

B. premium, stiffed

C. deficit, surplus

D. steering, operational

Ans. C

6. Another area that needs ____________________ attention is the financial system,

which must be __________________ to lend more.

A. hassles, removal

B. arrangement, profitability

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C. lost, simplify

D. immediate, activated

Ans. D

7. Policymakers were clearly under __________________ to do something to allay the

fears of foreign investors, so the _________________ of SEBI’s move is no surprise.

A. sober, sorority

B. synchronization, timid

C. options, prioritize

D. pressure, timing

Ans. D

8. India had been ________________ to adopt nationalism as a creed but is now tilting
towards ________________ nationalism.

A. slow, majoritarian

B. betrayal, malfunctioned

C. basic, international

D. approximation, interface

Ans. A

9. The post of CDS can _______________ either to a transformation of the defence

forces or it could sink with a _________________ mandate.

A. expansion, component

B. lead, middling

C. small, products

D. multiplier, empirical

Ans. B

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10. Vivekananda was a __________________ of a multicultural nation rooted in religious
_____________________ and modernity.

A. provide, purview

B. adversely, impacted

C. proponent, tolerance

D. notional, offset

Ans. C

11. The practice of Indian ___________________, despite its pitfalls, has

______________________ the country from many of its neighbours.

A. cooperation, built-in

B. stakes, factor

C. signed, memorandum

D. secularism, distinguished

Ans. D

12. The country’s ______________ ideals have their roots in its Constitution,
________________ by its people, a majority of whom are Hindus.

A. boosted, harmony

B. burgeoning, facilitate

C. incentivise, equitable

D. secular, promulgated

Ans. D

13. The __________________ of competing anti-Indian and pro-Islamist outfits and

standalone ________________ is a deadly prospect.

A. collaboration, clerics

B. views, personal

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C. domestic, accelerate

D. penetration, potential

Ans. A

14. Bin Laden __________________ Hamza hoping that he would continue to work with
the same ______________________ after his time.

A. bombarded, peace

B. groomed, zeal

C. development, management

D. linking, hinterland

Ans. B

15. There was no major ________________ between the two organisations which have
___________________ among themselves territories from which to operate.

A. dampened, trajectory

B. profit, industry

C. conflict, demarcated

D. leverage, scarce

Ans. C

16. The judiciary needs to __________________ the perception that its standing as the
guardian of constitutional rights is __________________.

A. poised, growth

B. changer, mechanism

C. flying, policies

D. dispel, faltering

Ans. D

17. Those who live in __________ houses should not throw _________ at others.

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A)big; abuse

B)own; challenges

C)stone ; bricks

D)glass; stones

18. __________ my knowledge, Mr. Ashok has prejudice __________- foreigners.

A)In; for

B)As; towards

C)For; at

D)To; against

19. He gave me an additional __________ of ₹ 100 a month by the __________ of

commissioner.

A)allowance; permission

B)pay; allowance

C)payment; agreement

D)salary; admittance

20. There is no glory in war _________ the blood it _________.

A) considering; sheds

B)comparing; spills

C)worth; costs

D)thinking; demands

21. The Director has _________ me to __________ a speech for him.

A)notified; do

B)demanded; prepare

C)entrusted; write

D)commissioned; draft

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22. I will come tomorrow __________ I hear to the __________ .

A)unless; contrary

B)until; contradictory

C)except; oppose

D)despite; otherwise

23. The children are so __________, their parents are thinking of sending them to a
__________ school.

A)small; high

B)naughty; neighbouring

C)misruled; lodging

D)unruly; boarding

24. Only __________ people are __________ after death.

A)vicious; condemned

B)virile; forgotten

C)virtuous; remembered

D)virulent; glorified

25. The secretary ___________ the society's funds, __________ he was dismissed.

A)robbed; thus

B)pirated; therefore

C)misplaced; and

D)embezzled; therefore

26. The Deputy Manager __________ to resign because all his proposals were ___________
down by his superiors.

A)offered; thrown

B)gave; held

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C)began; kept

D) threatened; turned

27. The counter clerk was very busy and __________ not pay _________ to sameer's request.

A)can; help

B)could; respect

C)had; cash

D)did; attention

28. He was initially __________ at the suggestion but was soon _________ it himself.

A)frowning; rejecting

B)shocked; advocating

C) impressed; negating

D)thrilled; propagating

29. Shalini was not ___________ by the criticism and paid no __________ even when her
best friend talked against her.

A) bothered; attention

B)troubled; mind

C)threatened; awry

D) deterred; magnificently

30. She was __________ because all her plan had gone ___________.

A)elated; wild

B)dejected; splendidly

C)distraught; awry

D)frustrated; magnificently

Answers

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17. D)glass; stones

18. D)To; against

19. A)allowance; permission

20. A) considering; sheds

21. D)commissioned; draft

22. A)unless; contrary

23. D)unruly; boarding

24. C)virtuous; remembered

25. D)embezzled; therefore

26. D) threatened; turned

27. D)did; attention

28. B)shocked; advocating

29. A) bothered; attention

30. C)distraught; awry

Parajumble Sentences

A. The US market will continue to be the dominant one in the foreseeable future. The
rupee could become even stronger.
B. A greater recourse to hedging as well as striving for multi-currency revenue streams
automatically suggests itself.
C. Already one company, TCS, by resorting to these methods extensively has turned in
an above - average performance during the first quarter.
D. Most IT companies have been grappling with more mundane problems such as a high
level of attrition amidst rising wage costs and inability to secure the right type and
number of American visas.
E. The BPO industry and many medium-sized software exporters are reportedly
operating on thin margins.
A. BCADE
B. ABCDE

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 C. DCBAE
D. EDABC

___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

A. Last March, I was invited to present a paper on the topic of whether the mistakes of
the 20th century would be repeated in the 21st century as well.
B. The economic crisis hadn't become grave then.
C. But today the world is in the midst of the biggest economic crisis since 1929.
D. The key difference between then and now is that the old power structures have finally
disappea1929.
E. Now even the US is pleading for financial help from China.
A. BCADE
B. ABCDE
C. CDEAB
D. DEABC

___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

A. Thus, despite India's huge population, we have not done well in Olympic Games.
B. During the British period also, cricket remained popular in India.
C. Cricket has been an extremely popular game in India for quite some time now.
D. It is time our government and corporate fraternity pay due attention to other
games/sports and we redeem our national pride in Olympic Games.
E. However, due to this reason, other games/sports did not receive the required attention
they deserve.
A. EACDB
B. BDACE
C. CBEAD
D. DCEAB

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___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

A. People started fearing a famine.

B. Monsoon turned out to be unusually abundant and the danger was averted.
C. The monsoon failed and water tanks became almost empty.
D. So, no grain could be sown by the farmers in their fields.
E. Farmers looked anxiously for the next monsoon.
A. CADBE
B. CDAEB
C. AEDCB
D. DABCE

___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

A. Economists all over the world have expressed anxiety in this regard.
B. As a result, Indian people have been subjected to high cost of living and inflation.
C. Indian economy has not shown desirable growth in the recent years.
D. Grim global economic scenario has also contributed to this problem and it seems a
quick fix solution is yet far away.
E. But, one of the primary reasons for such a situation has been Indian government's
inability to take tough decisions.
A. CDAEB
B. ACDBE
C. DEABC
D. EADCB

___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

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Answer & Explanation >

 Answer: Option D
E is the most independent sentence among all these sentences, so it will mark the
opening of the paragraph. The problems are listed in E, D and A.
B which gives a course of action should follow them. BC will form a pair.
 Answer: Option B
BC shows a contrast and forms a pair
CD forms a pair as D elaborates C
A is the opening sentence as it is independent and complete..
try to solve this question according to chronology.
 Answer: Option C
The opener will be sentence C as it highlights the stratus of cricket in India and is the
topic of the discussion.
After this B will come as it further tells about the popularity of cricket during British
time.
After this E will come as it tells the reason that why other games have not been given
attention and it clear with the phrase ‘due to this reason’.
Because of this reason, we are not able to do well in Olympic games.
So it is high time to our government and sports fraternity to take care of all the games.
So the correct order is CBEAD.
 Answer: Option B
The paragraph clearly identifies 3 ways:
The Para starts with failing monsoon and because of which tanks became empty.
This fear led to no sowing of the grains by the farmers.
This led to fear of famine
After this farmers again became anxious for the next monsoon.
After this speculation something opposite happened and monsoon fared well and
danger was averted. The correct sequence is CDAEB
 Answer: Option A
A will not start the arrangement as it uses “this regard" which means there has to be
something before this sentence.
D says “this problem”, this cannot start the arrangement as well.
E says “such situation “this too cannot start the arrangement.

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So, the opener will be C as it introduces the topic of the discussion, which is Indian
economy not showing the desirable growth in recent years. ‘After this D will come as
it citing another reason for Indian economy not showing desirable growth. Economists
all the world are worried about this trend.
After this E will come as it is telling the real reason, which is Indian government’s
inability to take the tough decisions. Finally B will conclude as it tells the outcome of
slowdown in the economy i.e. people are subjected to high cost of living etc. The
correct sequence is CDAEB.

Spot the Error

Articles

1. If
you have faith in Almighty (a) / everything will turn out (b) / to be all
right. (c) / No error (d)

2. According
to the Bible (a) / it is meek and humble (b) / who shall inherit the earth. (c)
/ No error (d)

3. I
am not rich, (a) / so I cannot afford (b) / to buy a expensive car. (c) / No
error (d)

4. No
stronger (a) / a figure than his (b) / is prescribed in the history. (c) / No
error (d)

5. As
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I was to reach (a) / Bangalore early I left in aeroplane (b) / instead of going by train.
(c)/ No error (d)

6. My
father is (a) / in bad mood (b) / today. (c) / No error (d)

7. If
a man diligently seeks to come into the contact (a) / with the best that has
been thought and said in this world (b) / he will become simple and selfish.
(c) / No error (d)

8. With
little patience (a) / you will be able to (b) / cross this hurdle. (c) / No
error (d)

9. This
town isn’t very well known (a) / and there isn’t much to see, (b) / so a few
tourists come here. (c) / No error (d)

10. The accelerating pace of life in our

metropolitan city (a) / has had the tremendous effect (b) / on the culture and
life-style of the people. (c) / No error (d).

11. Both the civilians (a) / and armymen

(b) / joined the second World War. (c) / No error (d)

12. The hospital is (a) / within hundred

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meters (b) / from my house. (c) / No error (d)

13. The famous Dr. Narayana (a) / is only

Orthopedist (b) / in our village. (c) / No error (d)

14. This incumbent lacks (a) / an

experience (b) / otherwise he is well qualified. (c) / No error (d)

15. A person I met (a) / in the theatre

(b) / was the actor himself. (c) / No error (d)

Answers
with explanation:-
1. Correct
Option : a. Add ‘the’
before ‘Almighty’.
2. Correct
Option : b. Add ‘the’
before ‘meek’.
3. Correct
Option : c. Replace
‘a’ by ‘an’.
4. Correct
Option : C. Remove
‘the’
5. Correct
Option : B. Add ‘an’
before ‘aeroplane’
6. Correct
Option : B. Add ‘a’
before ‘bad mood’.
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 7. Correct
Option : A. Remove
‘the’
8. Correct
Option : A. Add ‘a’
before ‘little’
9. Correct
Option : C. Remove ‘
10.Correct Option : B. Replace ‘the’ by ‘a’
11. Correct Option : B. Add ‘the’ before ‘armymen’.
12. Correct Option : B. Add ‘a’ before ‘hundred’. Here, ‘a’
is used for ‘one’.
13. Correct Option : B. Add ‘the’ before ‘only’
14. Correct Option : B. Remove ‘an’.
15. Correct Option : A. Replace ‘A’ by ‘The’ The is used
before specified objects.

Exercise on reading comprehension

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

SET – I
Over the last few days, Delhi residents have been protesting against the government’s approval
for felling over 14,000 trees in south Delhi. Faced with severe criticism, the National Buildings
Construction Corporation, tasked with redeveloping half a dozen south Delhi colonies, on
Monday assured the Delhi High Court that no trees would be cut for the project till July 4,
which is temporary relief. Many of the trees proposed to be felled are mature, local, fruit-
bearing ones that provide clean air; shade and water recharge to humans and are homes to many
birds. These areas of Delhi have served as the “lungs” of the city. However, the project reports
overlook these qualities.
Large constructions have been difficult to manage in India. The sector has systematically
lobbied to be excluded from the environmental norms of the country and has been successful
in carving out special privileges for itself in the environment clearance process. From 2006,

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most construction projects have been approved based on an application form instead of detailed
assessment reports. In 2014, schools, colleges and hostels for educational institutions were
exempted from taking environment clearances as long as they followed specific sustainability
parameters. In 2016, projects with areas of less than 20,000 sq m were permitted to proceed as
long as they submitted a self-declaration ensuring adherence to environmental norms. As a
result of these privileges, construction projects contribute significantly to urban air and noise
pollution and high water consumption in cities. Compensatory afforestation taken up in lieu of
trees felled by projects is a failure due to poor survival rates of saplings and no monitoring. Yet
all regulatory bodies treat large constructions with kid gloves.
The Minister for Urban Development has stated that this public campaign is “misinformed”.
But that is far from the truth. In a literate, urban society that has high access to the Internet, the
lack of official information on urban development and its impacts can only be understood as
an indirect form of public silencing. There are no public hearings held for urban construction
projects, and governments assume that citizens have nothing to say about them. Since Delhi is
ruled by so many agencies, you can run from pillar to post and still not have a clue about who
is in charge of what. The residents are now appealing to the government to embrace inclusive
ways of redesigning the city. The governments could join hands by committing to review these
projects.

Questions:
1. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the claim that compensatory afforestation
has been a failure?
I. Saplings planted have a poor survival rate.
II. There is inadequate monitoring of the afforestation done.
III. The funds provided are adequate to cover the areas as well as look after them.
A. Only III B. Only I and III C. Only I and II D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

2. Which of the following statements, if true, strengthen the claim that the large construction
sector has managed to get itself special privileges when it comes to environmental norms of
the country?
I. The projects were designed by the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and
approved by the Union Cabinet in 2017.

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II. The projects have been declared “smart” and “green” despite their ecological impacts such
as high water usage and tree loss.
III. About 5 projects have been given environment clearances after they were cleared by the
National Green Tribunal.
A. Only I B. Only II C. Only I and III D. Only II and III
E. None of the above

3. What is meant by the phrase- ‘indirect form of public silencing’?

I. Lack of open access to the internet.
II. Lack of official information on development related issues.
III. Actively misinforming the public with blatant lies and false reports.
A. Only I B. Only I and III C. Only II D. Only II and III
E. None of the above

4. What qualities are being discussed in the line- ‘However, the project reports overlook these
qualities’?
A. The enthusiasm of people to save their environment.
B. The laidback approach of the Judiciary.
C. The destruction and noise pollution accompanying the projects.
D. The importance of trees in the environment and for people.
E. None of the above

5. Which of the following is/are true as per the passage?

I. The project mentioned has been postponed indefinitely after public protests.
II. From 2006, most construction projects have been approved based on an application form
instead of detailed assessment reports.
III. Multiple agencies in charge can create a lot of confusion.
A. Only II B. Only I and II C. Only III D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

SET – II
Paragraph 1: Between September 2017 and April 2018, as per a CSO report, the economy
added 4.1 million new jobs in the formal sector. The CSO release defines jobs as ones that
provide at least one government financed (or mandated) social security benefit such as
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Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF), National Pension Scheme, or Employees’ State Insurance
Scheme. NITI Aayog and official economists have also put out similar estimates since early
this year, inviting widespread skepticism among knowledgeable people.
Paragraph 2: How reliable or credible are the official estimates? Very little and for two reasons:
the estimates are based on administrative records of implementing the social security schemes,
whose completeness, consistency and accuracy are unknown; and since a formal sector worker,
in principle, can legitimately access more than one social security scheme, double counting is
a distinct possibility. The release does not explain how the problem is addressed in the database.
Therefore, rightly, experts have demanded the release of the administrative data for
independent verification.
Paragraph 3: Moreover, the official data suffer from a conceptual problem. The social schemes
mentioned above are applicable to establishments above a certain size (of employment), and to
certain kinds of enterprises. For instance, in the factory sector, those employing 20 or more
workers are mandated to provide EPF to all the workers. So, if in a factory, employment goes
up from 19 to 20 workers, it comes under the purview of the EPF, to be provided to all the 20
workers. Thus, the EPF enrolment increases by 20 workers, but the additional job created is
just for one worker. Herein lies the fault.
Paragraph 4: The formal sector stands at the apex of India’s labour market pyramid, agriculture
being at the bottom, employing 50% of the workforce. The remaining workers are in the non-
farm informal sector, spread across rural and urban areas. In fact, it is this sector that has grown
in recent decades at the expense of the other two sectors mentioned above. Moreover, nearly
half of the informal labour workers are self-employed in household (or own account)
enterprises, often engaging unpaid family labour. Varying degrees of under-employment or
disguised unemployment are the defining feature of informal labour markets.
Paragraph 5: Since 1972-73, the five-yearly Employment-Unemployment Surveys (EUS)
conducted by the National Sample Survey (NSS) have been the mainstay for analysing labour
market trends. Though infrequent, the database has served a valuable purpose of capturing the
complexities of the labour market; access to household-level data lately has spawned rich and
granular analyses of the informal economy. As the last round of the EUS was in held in 2011-
12, there is no reliable way of updating employment trends. The EUS has been replaced with
an annual Period Labour Force Survey, and a time use survey. However, it will be a while
before these data series come up with stable and credible estimates. The Labour Bureau under
the Ministry of Labour and Employment has been carrying out household surveys somewhat

26
similar to the EUS since 2010-11. They show a decline in worker-population ratio between
2013-14 and 2015-16, suggesting a deteriorating employment situation recently.

QUESTIONS:
6. Which of the following is/are synonyms of skepticism?
I. Cynicism
II. Belief
III. Distrust
IV. Conviction
A. Only II B. Only II and IV C. Only I and III D. Only I, II and III
E. Only I, III and IV

7. Which of the following is/are antonyms of spawned?

I. Destroyed
II. Engender
III. Procreated
IV. Sired
A. Only I B. Only IV C. Only II and IV D. Only I, III and IV
E. Only II, III and IV
8. As per paragraph 1, which of the following could weaken the importance of having added
4.1 million jobs in the economy as per the CSO report?
I. The report is silent about the majority of the workforce engaged in the informal sector.
II. The formal sector accounts for just about 12-15% of India’s workforce.
III. The estimates supplement the data on organised sector employment reported regularly by
the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
A. Only I B. Only II C. Only I and II D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

9. As per paragraph 1, which of the following could weaken the importance of having added
4.1 million jobs in the economy as per the CSO report?
I. The report is silent about the majority of the workforce engaged in the informal sector.
II. The formal sector accounts for just about 12-15% of India’s workforce.
III. The estimates supplement the data on organised sector employment reported regularly by
the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
27
A. Only III B. Only I and II C. Only II and III D. Only I and III
E. None of the above

10. Which of the following is a suitable gist of paragraph 3?

A. The social security databases are lists of workers enrolled in the schemes, as an entitlement
or as voluntary subscribers and not employment registers.
B. The social security databases lists out workers and accurately informs the actual level of
employment in the firm.
C. The employees have the option to get themselves enrolled in social security schemes on
reaching a particular number as specified by the Central and State laws.
D. The official data is matched with the register for social schemes to avoid any discrepancies
in the calculation of the employment figures.
E. None of the above

11. As per paragraph 4, which of the following is/are some features of the non-farm informal
labour markets?
I. It has grown the most in recent decades.
II. Almost all of the workers are self employed or engaged in unpaid labour.
III. This segment suffers from disguised employment.
A. Only II B. Only III C. Only I and II D. Only I and III
E. All of the above

12. What could be a/some possible reason/s for so few jobs to be created, given that the growth
rate is more than 7%?
I. There is no proper record of job creation in the informal economy, which forms the bulk of
employment, and hence no way of accurately knowing how many jobs has been created.
II. The growth has mostly been in areas which are capital intensive and not labour intensive.
III. There is a possibility that the GDP figures are overestimated on account of some changes
in the new National Accounts Statistics (NAS) series and the economic growth is overstated.
A. Only II B. Only III C. Only I and II D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

13. Which of the following is/are true as per paragraph 5?

28
I. the Labour Bureau under the Ministry of Labor and Employment carries out household
surveys similar to the annual Period Labour Force Survey.
II. The results of the Household Surveys point to a worsening employment situation.
III. The Unemployment Surveys (EUS) conducted by the National Sample Survey (NSS) were
biennial in nature.
A. Only I B. Only II C. Only I and III D. Only II and III
E. None of the above

SET – III
In a recent discussion paper, NITI Aayog has chalked out an ambitious strategy for India to
become an artificial intelligence (AI) powerhouse. AI is the use of computers to make decisions
that are normally made by humans. Many forms of AI surround Indians already, including chat
bots on retail websites and programs that flag fraudulent bank activity. But NITI Aayog
envisions AI solutions for India on a scale not seen anywhere in the world today, especially in
five key sectors — agriculture, healthcare, education, smart cities and infrastructure, and
transport. In agriculture, for example, machines will provide information to farmers on the
quality of soil, when to sow, where to spray herbicide, and when to expect pest infestations.
It’s an idea with great potential: India has 30 million farmers with smartphones, but poor
extension services. If computers help agricultural universities advise farmers on best practices,
India could see a farming revolution.
However, there are formidable obstacles. AI start-ups already offer some solutions, but the
challenge lies in scaling these to cover the entire value chain, as NITI Aayog envisions. The
first problem is data. Machine learning, the set of technologies used to create AI, is a data-
guzzling monster. It takes reams of historical data as input, identifies the relationships among
data elements, and makes predictions. More sophisticated forms of machine learning, like
“deep learning”, attempt to mimic the human brain. And even though they promise greater
accuracy, they also need more data than what is required by traditional machine learning.
Unfortunately, India has sparse data in sectors like agriculture, and this is already hampering
AI-based businesses today.
In fact, the lack of data means that deep learning doesn’t work for all companies in India. One
example is Climate-Connect, a Delhi-based firm, which uses AI to predict the amount of power
a solar plant will generate every 15 minutes. This is critical because solar electricity generation
can change dramatically every hour depending on weather conditions and the position of the
sun. When this happens, the plant must communicate expected changes to power distributors,
29
which will then switch to alternative sources. With India planning to install 100 GW of solar
power by 2022, such AI will play a central role in power planning. But to generate such data,
Climate-Connect needs historical inputs like the time of sunrise and sunset, and cloud cover
where the plant is located. Unfortunately, since most Indian solar plants are recent, data are
available only for a couple of years, whereas deep learning needs data over many years to
predict generation. Today, the firm uses traditional machine learning technologies such as
regression analysis that work with less data. These methods have an accuracy of around 95%.
While deep learning can boost accuracy for operations such as Climate-Connect, it hasn’t
worked very well in the Indian scenario, says Nitin Tanwar, cofounder of the firm.
Another problem for AI firms today is finding the right people. NITI Aayog’s report has bleak
news: only about 50 Indian scientists carry out “serious research” and they are concentrated in
elite institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Technology and the Indian Institutes of Science.
Meanwhile, only about 4% of AI professionals have worked in emerging technologies like
deep learning. A survey of LinkedIn found 386 out of the 22,000 people with PhDs in AI across
the world to be Indians. How does this skill gap impact companies? To some extent, open
libraries of machine learning code, which can be customized to solve Indian problems, help.
This means that companies need not write code from scratch, and even computer science
graduates can carry out the customization.

QUESTIONS
14. Which of the following is/are synonym/s of the word bleak?
I. Depressing
II. Dismal
III. Congenial
IV. Stark
A. Only III B. Only I and III C. Only I, II and IV D. Only II, III and IV
E. Only I, II and III

15. Which of the following is/are antonym/s of the word sparse?

I. Scant
II. Few
III. Sporadic
IV. Abundant
A. Only II B. Only IV C. Only I, II and IV D. Only I, II and III
30
E. Only II, III and IV

16. What can be some steps that can be taken by India to improve its AI capabilities?
I. The government must collect and digitize data it has access to due to running numerous
schemes.
II. Set up institutes to churn out more skilled people in this field.
III. There should be adequate funding and also fixed deadlines to gauge performance.
A. Only I B. Only III C. Only I and II D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

17. Which of the following weakens the argument for using more of AI powered tools in the
future in India?
I. The AI sector uses a tremendous amount of electricity so as to process huge amounts of data
which is not sustainable.
II. It is tough to collect, validate, standardize, correlate, archive and distribute AI-relevant data
and make it accessible to organizations, people and systems.
III. Although AI will create more jobs than it would destroy.
A. Only I B. Only II C. Only I and II D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

18. Which of the following statements weakens the argument about using ‘Open Libraries’ of
machine learning code?
A. They contain material that can be used to solve issues.
B. Using such libraries is not a difficult job and does not need a higher level of understanding
of coding.
C. It is possible to do a respectable amount of machine learning without mathematics.
D. These are not helpful in cases where there is neither a fixed algorithm nor a standard
procedure.
E. None of the above

19. As per the passage, this of the following could be a/some reason/s for AI to be full of
‘formidable obstacles’?
I. The need for a huge amount of data to make predictions.
II. The entire chain of operation faces bottlenecks pertaining to funding
31
III. A scarcity of adequately qualified people in India.
A. Only II B. Only I and III C. Only II and III D. Only III
E. All of the above

20. As per your understanding of the passage, which of the following can be said to be
example/s of AI usage in Industries?
I. Data processing of students based on some parameters to find predictive patterns as to who
would quit.
II. A Bank teller using computer to help solve customer queries with respect to their respective
accounts.
III. Use of unmanned tanks, vessels, aerial vehicles and drones in the armed forces.
A. Only I B. Only II C. Only I and III D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

SET – IV
Business news does not repeat itself but it sometimes rhymes. In 2007 Walmart, America’s
biggest grocer, crowed that it would crack the coveted Indian market by being the first global
retailer to set up shop there, pipping envious rivals in the process. On May 9th it announced
much the same thing: its time in India has come, this time by virtue of paying $16bn for a
majority stake in Flipkart, India’s largest ecommerce outfit, which had also been coveted by
its vast online rival, Amazon. The sense of déjà vu owes to the fact that its original foray proved
a disappointment. Walmart’s hopes of somehow circumventing rules to protect local
shopkeepers, which have long prevented most foreign retailers from opening stores, have been
repeatedly dashed. A decade on it has a meagre 21 wholesale stores in India, generating just
0.1% of its $500bn in global revenues and a small loss to boot. Somehow that has not dissuaded
the beast of Bentonville from undertaking the biggest foreign acquisition in Indian history. The
Indian e-commerce market is as different from America’s brick-and-mortar retail landscape as
Walmart’s Arkansas home is from Bangalore. Walmart probably has too many stores in its
mature home market. Flipkart operates online and in quasi-virgin commercial territory: 95%
of Americans shop at Walmart at least once a year, but only 5-10% of Indians have ever bought
anything online. The deal is a departure in other ways, too. Walmart has already swooped on
companies it thinks will help it grow its ecommerce presence. In 2016 it paid out $3bn for
Jet.com, a putative rival to Amazon in America; it has also bagged Bonobos, a purveyor of
tailored trousers. But Flipkart, which was founded in 2007 by two former Amazon employees,
32
is in a different league in terms of price tag. Walmart will own around 77% of the company,
which is valued at over $20bn in total. Even for Walmart, that is a lot of money: $20bn is
roughly the cash it generates every year net of capital expenditure, say, or 8% of its market
capitalisation. Connoisseurs of the Indian tech scene have raised eyebrows at the price tag,
given that Flipkart raised money at a valuation of under $12bn just a year ago. Softbank, a
Japanese telecoms and internet giant which became its biggest shareholder after investing
$2.5bn just nine months ago, stands to walk away with $4bn. Walmart’s new acquisition will
not produce quick returns. Analysts reckon Flipkart loses money on each shipment. Margins
are unlikely to improve soon given Amazon’s incursion into the market (having committed
$5bn to India, it probably ranks a close second to Flipkart, which is thought to account for just
under half of India’s online sales). Paytm Mall, a newish rival backed by Alibaba of China, is
also ambitious.

QUESTIONS:
21. How would Wamart’s business in America be different from its Indian venture?
I. The business is America is mostly brick and mortar while it is online in nature in India.
II. Walmart owns about 88% of the market share in America but hardly any in the Indian
market.
III. The market is vastly under penetrated in India.
A. Only II B. Only I and II C. Only II and III D. Only I and III
E. All of the above

22. Which of the following is/are true about Walmart’s performance in India before it bought
stake in Flipkart?
I. Its revenues from India form a very minuscule proportion of its total revenues.
II. It has been successful in establishing a small number of retail and wholesale stores.
III. Its brick and mortar business model was running in losses from the past 3 years in India.
A. Only I B. Only I and II C. Only II and III D. Only II
E. None of the above

23. What does the line- ‘Business news does not repeat itself but it sometimes rhymes’ refer
to?
A. It refers to Walmart beating rivals in the e-commerce space.

33
B. It refers to Walmart entering India via e-commerce to avoid getting caught up in the huge
number of regulations India has imposed on retailers.
C. It refers to Walmart’s entry in India via a majority stake buyout in Flipkart in 2018 after
being unsuccessful in 2007.
D. It refers to Walmart being the first global retailer to set up shop in India.
E. None of the above

24. Which of the following is/are true as per the passage?

I. Softbank is the largest shareholder of Flipkart.
II. India’s e-commerce market as a whole is worth about $15bn only.
III. Indian regulations dictate that e-commerce sites must sell stuff mainly from third-parties
rather than from their own inventory.
A. Only II B. Only I C. Only I and III D. Only II and III
E. All of the above
25. As per your understanding of the passage, which of the following shows that the decision
by Walmart to enter Indian e-commerce may not be as lucrative as it appears to be?
I. Analysts reckon Flipkart loses money on each shipment and at one point it was thought to
guzzle $2m a day subsidizing shipping and using discounts to lure buyers.
II. Venture capitalists in India complain about the lack of exits from dozens of investments in
the Indian e-commerce industry.
III. The entire sector was flat in 2016 and grew at perhaps only 10% last year.
A. Only II B. Only I and II C. Only I and III D. Only II and III
E. All of the above

ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS:

1. Statement III is opposite of what is needed. Statements I and II are correct and indicate
towards reasons for compensatory a forestation failing.
Hence, option C is correct.

2. Statement I is incorrect as it merely mentions who designed and approved the projects.
Statement III is incorrect as it shows that the projects were given clearance by a tribunal and
does not indicate any foul play. Statement II is correct clearly.
Hence, option B is correct.
34
3. Refer to: ‘. In a literate, urban society that has high access to the Internet, the lack of official
information on urban development and its impacts can only be understood as an indirect form
of public silencing.’ I is opposite to what is in the passage while III has not been mentioned
anywhere. II is correct as can be seen from the highlighted fragment.
Hence, option C is correct.

4. Refer to: ‘Many of the trees proposed to be felled are mature, local, fruit-bearing ones that
provide clean air, shade and water recharge to humans and are homes to many birds. These
areas of Delhi have served as the “lungs” of the city. However, the project reports overlook
these qualities.’ As per the highlighted fragment, these qualities pertain to the important place
that trees hold in our environment.
Hence, option D is correct.

5. Refer to: ‘ The National Buildings Construction Corporation, tasked with redeveloping half
a dozen south Delhi colonies, on Monday assured the Delhi High Court that no trees would be
cut for the project till July 4, which is temporary relief.’ I is incorrect. ‘From 2006, most
construction projects have been approved based on an application form instead of detailed
assessment reports. In 2014, schools, colleges and hostels for educational institutions were
exempted from taking environment clearances as long as they followed specific sustainability
parameters.’ II is correct. ‘Since Delhi is ruled by so many agencies, you can run from pillar to
post and still not have a clue about who is in charge of what.’ III is correct.
Hence, option D is correct.

6. Skepticism means a skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something.

I and III are synonyms while II and IV are antonyms. Hence, option C is correct.

7. Spawned means to produce or generate a large number of. II, III and IV are all synonyms
and hence incorrect. Only destroyed is the opposite of spawned. Hence, option A is correct.

8. Statements I and II are correct and weaken the impact of the report. Both state that the
informal employment stats have not been provided and that this area forms the majority of the
employment in India. Statement III is incorrect. It reinforces the importance of the report by
stating it strengthens other similar data.
35
Only I and II are correct.
Hence, option C is correct.
9. Refer to: ‘..the estimates are based on administrative records of implementing the social
security schemes, whose completeness, consistency and accuracy are unknown; and since a
formal sector worker, in principle, can legitimately access more than one social security
scheme, double counting is a distinct possibility. The release does not explain how the problem
is addressed in the database. Therefore, rightly, experts have demanded the release of the
administrative data for independent verification.’ As per the highlighted fragments, I and II are
correct while III is not.
Hence, option B is correct.

10. Paragraph 3 talks about how the social schemes are applicable to a firm only once it reaches
a certain threshold and how this shows that the people under a particular scheme may have
increase by a huge amount but that does not correspond with an increase in actual employment.
Basically, social security database is not a good source to understand about employment data.
This eliminates option B. Option C is also incorrect as the paragraph does not state that
enrolling is voluntary. Option D is incorrect as there is no matching of numbers as stated in the
paragraph.
Only option A gives the best gist and states that the databases simply have the list of workers
under the scheme but do not depict correct employment figures.
Hence, option A is correct.

11. Refer to: ‘The remaining workers are in the non-farm informal sector, spread across rural
and urban areas. In fact, it is this sector that has grown in recent decades at the expense of the
other two sectors mentioned above. Moreover, nearly half of the informal labour workers are
self-employed in household (or own account) enterprises, often engaging unpaid family labour.
Varying degrees of under-employment or disguised unemployment are the defining feature of
informal labour markets.’ Only I and III are correct. II is incorrect as the paragraph states only
about half of the workers are self employed or engaged in unpaid labour and not ‘almost all’.
Hence, option D is correct.

12. All of the statements above are valid/plausible reasons for the job growth to be less than
the growth in economy.
Hence, option E is correct.
36
13. Refer to:
‘. The Labour Bureau under the Ministry of Labour and Employment has been carrying out
household surveys somewhat similar to the EUS since 2010-11.’ Hence, I is incorrect ‘The
household surveys somewhat similar to the EUS since 2010-11. They show a decline in worker-
population ratio between 2013-14 and 2015-16, suggesting a deteriorating employment
situation’. II is correct. ‘Since 1972-73, the five-yearly Employment-Unemployment Surveys
(EUS) conducted by the National Sample Survey (NSS) have been the mainstay for analysing
labour market trends.’ Biennial refers to an event that takes place every other year while this
used to occur every five years. III is incorrect. Only II is correct.
Hence, option B is correct.

14. Bleak means barren/depressing. I, II and IV are synonyms. Congenial means friendly and
is the antonym. Hence, I, II and IV are correct. Option C is correct.

15. Sparse means scanty/ in short supply. I, II and III are synonyms and incorrect. Only IV-
abundant- is the antonym here and means plenty. Hence, option B is correct.

16. All of the statements are correct as all state valid ways of improving India’s AI capabilities.
Hence, option E is correct.

17. Statement II is incorrect as it may be tough but not impossible. With proper planning and
a scientific approach, this issue can be resolved. Statement III is incorrect as it strengthens the
argument for AI. Statement I is correct. It weakens the argument as using a huge amount of
electricity is not sustainable in the long run. Hence, option A is correct.

18. Options A and B talk about advantages of open libraries and are incorrect. Option C is
incorrect as it simply states that it is possible to understand machine learning without needing
mathematics. Only option D fits in. If true, this weakens the point of using Open Libraries.
Hence, option D is correct.
19. Statement II has not been mentioned in the passage and is incorrect. Refer to: ‘The first
problem is data. Machine learning, the set of technologies used to create AI, is a data-guzzling
monster.’ ‘Another problem for AI firms today is finding the right people.’ Both statements I
and III have been stated and are correct.
37
Hence, option B is correct.

20. Statement II is incorrect. There is no AI involved as the teller simply uses the computer to
give out details of the customers’ accounts. Statements I and III are both correct. Both cases
use data and robotics application.
Hence, option C is correct.

21. Refer to: ‘The Indian e-commerce market is as different from America’s brick-and-mortar
retail landscape as Walmart’s Arkansas home is from Bangalore. Walmart probably has too
many stores in its mature home market. Flipkart operates online and in quasi-virgin commercial
territory: 95% of Americans shop at Walmart at least once a year, but only 5-10% of Indians
have ever bought anything online.’ As per the highlighted fragments, I and III are correct while
II has not been specified anywhere.
Hence, option D is correct.

22. Refer to: ‘A decade on it has a meager 21 wholesale stores in India, generating just 0.1%
of its $500bn in global revenues and a small loss to boot. Somehow that has not dissuaded the
beast of Bentonville from undertaking the biggest foreign acquisition in Indian history.’
Statement III is incorrect as this has not been mentioned in the passage. Statement II is incorrect
as only wholesale stores are functional in India. Statement I is correct.
Hence, option A is correct.

23. This line refers to the fact that Walmart had plans to enter the Indian retail space n 2007
which did not see light of the day. However, it has fulfilled its ambition of foraying into India’s
e-commerce space via a majority stake buyout of Flipkart in 2018. Options A and D are
incorrect as per the meaning of the statement. Option B is absurd and nowhere mentioned in
the passage. Option C is the correct option.
Hence, option C is correct.

24. Refer to: ‘Softbank, a Japanese telecoms and internet giant which became its biggest
shareholder after investing $2.5bn just nine months ago, stands to walk away with $4bn.’ I is
correct. Both II and III have not been mentioned and are incorrect.
Hence, option B is correct.

38
25. All of the statements showcase the negative side of the e-commerce sector and are correct.
Hence, option E is correct.

5 QUESTIONS ON PARAJUMBLE

DIRECTIONS for Questions 1 to 5: Sentences given in each question, when properly

sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the
most logical order of the sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent
paragraph.

1. A. By reasoning we mean the mental process of drawing an inference from two or more
statements or going from the inference to the statements, which yield that inference.

B. So logical reasoning covers those types of questions, which imply drawing an inference
from the problems.

C. Logic means, if we take its original meaning, the science of valid reasoning.

D. Clearly, for understanding arguments and for drawing the inference correctly, it is
necessary that we should understand the statements first.

(a) ACBD (b) CABD

(c) ABCD (d) DBCA

2. A. In rejecting the functionalism in positivist organization theory, either wholly or

partially, there is often a move towards a political model of organization theory.

B. Thus, the analysis would shift to the power resources possessed by different groups in the
organization and the way they use these resources in actual power plays to shape the
organizational structure.

C. At the extreme, in one set of writings, the growth of administrators in the organization is
held to be completely unrelated to the work to be done and to be caused totally by the
political pursuit of self-interest.

39
D. The political model holds that individual interests are pursued in organizational life
through the exercise of power and influence.

(a) ADBC (b) CBAD

(c) DBCA (d) ABDC

3. A. Group decision-making, however, does not necessarily fully guard against arbitrariness
and anarchy, for individual capriciousness can get substituted by collusion of group members.

B. Nature itself is an intricate system of checks and balances, meant to preserve the delicate
balance between various environmental factors that affect our ecology.

C. In institutions also, there is a need to have in place a system of checks and balances which
inhibits the concentration of power in the hands of only some individuals.

D. When human interventions alter this delicate balance, the outcomes have been seen to be
disastrous.

(a) CDAB (b) BCAD

(c) CABD (d) BDCA

4. A. He was bone-weary and soul-weary, and found himself muttering, “Either I can’t
manage this place, or it’s unmanageable.”

B. To his horror, he realized that he had become the victim of an amorphous, unwitting,

unconscious conspiracy to immerse him in routine work that had no significance.

C. It was one of those nights in the office when the office clock was moving towards four in
the morning and Bennis was still not through with the incredible mass of paper stacked
before him.

D. He reached for his calendar and ran his eyes down each hour, half-hour, and quarter-hour,
to see where his time had gone that day, the day before, the month before.

(a) ABCD (b) CADB

(c) BDCA (d) DCBA

40
5. A. With that, I swallowed the shampoo, and obtained the most realistic results almost on
the spot.

B. The man shuffled away into the back regions to make up a prescription, and after a
moment I got through on the shop-telephone to the Consulate, intimating my location.

C. Then, while the pharmacist was wrapping up a six-ounce bottle of the mixture, I groaned
and inquired whether he could give me something for acute gastric cramp.

D. I intended to stage a sharp gastric attack, and entering an old-fashioned pharmacy, I asked
for a popular shampoo mixture, consisting of olive oil and flaked soap.

(a) DCBA (b) DACB

(c) BDAC (d) BCDA

30 QUESTIONS ON SPOTTING THE ERROR

1) Once appointed by the President, (A)/the council of ministers (B)/as responsible (C)/to the
house. (D)/No error (E)

Once appointed by the President

the council of ministers

as responsible

to the house

No error

2) The time has come for policy makers (A) / in India to understand the damage (B) / which is
caused as a result of (C) / a vast gap in perception and reality. (D)/No error (E)

41
The time has come for policy makers

in India to understand the damage

which is caused as a result of

a vast gap in perception and reality

No error

3) The perception of security (A)/held by the power elites (B)/tend to ignore the basic reality
that (C)/contradictions of civil society have grown since nuclear explosion. (D)/No error (E)

The perception of security

held by the power elites

tend to ignore the basic reality that

contradictions of civil society have grown since nuclear explosion

No error

4) Since two days, (A)/I have not taken (B)/the breakfast (C)/but dinner. (D)/No error (E)

Since two days

I have not taken

the breakfast

but dinner

No error

5) Any coalition (A)/which contains Miss Jayalalitha as a major ally (B)/and Ms. Mamta as a
minor partner (C)/do not need outside support. (D)/No error (E)

42
Any coalition

which contains Miss Jayalalitha as a major ally

and Ms. Mamta as a minor partner

do not need outside support

No error

6) The bus ride to Lahore (A)/went smoothly (B)/and so did (C)/the cricket match. (D)/No error
(E)

The bus ride to Lahore

went smoothly

and so did

the cricket match

No error

7) Quite a few (A)/students were also present (B)/during farewell ceremony (C)/of their
outgoing principal. (D)/No error (E)

Quite a few

students were also present

during farewell ceremony

of their outgoing principal

No error

8) Today, all students (A)/of my class are (B)/invited to dinner (C)/given to bid farewell to the
out-going students. (D)/No error (E)

43
 Today, all students

of my class are

invited to dinner

given to bid farewell to the out-going students

No error

9) Only few (A)/customers come (B)/regularly (C)/to my shop. (D)/No error (E)

Only few

customers come

regularly

to my shop

No error

10) After having failed to revive a flagging Nano, (A) / Tata Motors has demanded afresh last
week (B) / that the enviable sops be extended to other car models (C) / it plans to manufacture
from Sanand. (D) / No error (E)

(extracted from an article 'After GM exit, Nano gives Gujarat big scare' published in the Times of
India on Septermber 11, 2015.)

After having failed to revive a flagging Nano,

Tata Motors has demanded afresh last week

that the enviable sops be extended to other car models

44
it plans to manufacture from Sanand

No error

11) She was be asked to (A) / write a report about (B) / the meeting that (C) / she attended
yesterday. (D) / No error (E)

She was be asked to

write a report about

the meeting that

she attended yesterday.

No error

12) There will be several (A) / new visa application centers opened (B) / in metros across the
country (C) / to easy the pressure on embassies. (D) / No error (E)

There will be several

new visa application centers opened

in metros across the country

to easy the pressure on embassies.

No error

13) Since the online education system (A) / has been poorly designed, (B) / there are not many
institute (C) / that offer this facility. (D) / No error (E)

Since the online education system

has been poorly designed,

45
there are not many institute

that offer this facility.

No error

14) After careful scrutiny of the report (A) / variety mistakes that had been (B) / made by the
research (C) / department were found. (D) / No error (E)

After careful scrutiny of the report

variety mistakes that had been

made by the research

department were found.

No error

15) His industrious nature (A) / and calm temperament (B) / have endeared him (C) / to one's
colleagues and superiors. (D) / No error (E)

His industrious nature

and calm temperament

have endeared him

to one's colleagues and superiors.

No error

16) Since the tenant failed (A) / to pay his rent on time (B) / the landlord denied him (C) / access
to the premise. (D) / No error (E)

Since the tenant failed

46
to pay his rent on time

the landlord denied him

access to the premise.

No error

17) Today most employees complain (A) / of suffering for the stress (B) / of attending to (C) /
rude customers all day. (D) / No error (E)

Today most employees complain

of suffering for the stress

of attending to

rude customers all day.

No error

18) The judge has directed to (A) / the accused and the complainant (B) / not to interfere with
(C) / the witness in any manner. (D) / No error (E)

The judge has directed to

the accused and the complainant

not to interfere with

the witness in any manner.

No error

19) The main advantage India has (A) / over other countries is (B) / its large human capital which
(C) / make it an ideal outscoring base. (D) / No error (E)

47
The main advantage India has

over other countries is

its large human capital which

make it an ideal outscoring base.

No error

20) Manasi is too busy (A) / in her current (B) / programme to take (C) / up any new one. (D) /
No error (E)

Manasi is too busy

in her current

programme to take

up any new one.

No error

21) This college has (A) / a glourious tradition (B) / that attract (C) / good students to the college.
(D) / No error (E)

This college has

a glourious tradition

that attract

good students to the college.

No error

22) A disaster management cell is opened (A) / by the state government (B) / before the rainy
seasons (C) / as a precautionary measure. (D) / No error (E)

48
A disaster management cell is opened

by the state government

before the rainy season

as a precautionary measure.

No error

23) Buy presents for ladies (A) / in their absence (B) / is a very (C) / difficult task. (D) / No error
(E)

Buy presents for ladies

in their absence

is a very

difficult task.

No error

24) The Director asked me (A) / how I have not (B) / taken his permission (C) / before applying
for the new job. (D) / No error (E)

The Director asked me

how I have not

taken his permission

before applying for the new job.

No error

25) The city people stayed (A) / fearlessly despite of (B) / rumours of terrorist attack (C) / in the
area. (D) / No error (E)

49
The city people stayed

fearlessly despite of

rumours of terrorist attack

in the area.

No error

26) They have invited (A) / Sushma and I (B) / for the meeting to be (C) / held next month. (D)
/ No error (E)

They have invited

Sushma and I

for the meeting to be

held next month.

No error

27) The postman was polite (A) / and said he regretted (B) / at the delay (C) / in delivery. (D) /
No error (E)

The postman was polite

and said he regretted

at the delay

in delivery.

No error

28) The instructions clearly (A) / state that (B) / each item is having (C) / two options. (D) / No
error (E)

50
The instructions clearly

state that

each item is having

two options.

No error

29) He is (A) / of the opinion (B) / that the evening news (C) / are worth watching. (D) / No error
(E)

He is

of the opinion

that the evening news

are worth watching

No error

30) The Indian government (A) / should make sure that (B) / men and women are (C) / given
equal opportunity. (D) / No error (E)

The Indian government

should make sure that

men and women are

given equal opportunity.

No error

51
 30 QUESTIONS ON DOUBLE FILLERS

NOTE:- Option 1 stands for option A.

Option 2 stands for option B.

Option 3 stands for option C.

Option 4 stands for option D.

Option 5 stands for option E.

1) The fee received is reasonably sufficient to cater to the _____________ expenses of

SEBI, and it does not need to seek _____________ from the government.

fine, permission

running, funding

loan, more

gradual, approval

regular, less

2) Provocative content, _____________ information, _____________ videos and pictures are

being disseminated through various online and mobile platforms.

upset, deformed

inaccurate, doctored

erroneous, illuminating

vague, personal

misleading, gaming

52
3) The original sin of nationalization of banks was considered necessary at the time, given the
collusion between _____________ and _____________ then.

employees, employers

government, people

companies, consumers

industry, finance

marketing, advertising

4) The _____________ of the Plastic Waste Management Rules require manufacturers of

compostable bags to get a certificate from the Central Pollution Control Board, but this has
not stopped _____________ products from entering the market

conditions, authentic

honour, conceding

provisions, counterfeit

faucets, prerogative

E)choice, gilded

5) _____________ number of news/information portals are being set up as there are few entry
_____________ unlike in the traditional media.

Umpteen, barriers

Negligible, exits

Reduced, points

Gradual, problems

53
Definite, channels

6) It is believed that laughter is an _____________ way of reaching wider audiences and

engaging people who are less _____________ in the topic.

ideal, knowledge

agitation, hooked

intense, known

excellent, interested

optional, good

7) Currently, 11 of 21 listed PSB banks are under RBI’s prompt corrective action framework
and simply consolidating all NPAs would create an additional level of complexity.

knowingly, want

willingly, try

consolidating, additional

quickly, develop

urgently, help

8) A surprise pick by PM, the new _____________ minister remains a _____________

unknown entity to the financial world.

finance, relatively

textiles, important

resources, very

54
law, less

education, generally

9) Terms of chairpersons should align with the life of the loan, which would allow
_____________ to be detected and penalties to be _____________ out as required.

nonpayment, forced

defaults, meted

withdrawals, given

evasions, taken

bribery, stroked

10) Growth in India's fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector is _____________ as lower
spending in urban centres and slowdown in rural growth _____________ consumption.

dipping, food

failing, imaginary

declining, crimp

emerging, halt

eliminating, queue

11) The problem of _____________ journals emerged after the UGC introduced a
_____________ scoring system leading to an Academic Performance Indicator in which
publishing is a part.

qualitative, trade

predatory, quantitative

55
rapacious, value

exalting, perfect

predacious, number

12) In India, numerous sites are set up to _____________ fake news with _____________ bait
headlines.

peddle, click

destroy, helpful

sell, press

excavate, vision

exterminate, view

13) Bankers said the _____________ on rating agencies make their own assessment more
important and going _____________ more weightage would be given to the same.

suspicions, backward

flair, ahead

doubts, forward

reservations, nether

call, up

14) _____________ Google and Facebook, as the largest platforms for content distribution, are
said to be _____________ systems that will filter fake news.

both, creating

56
Either, developing

Neither, facilitating

Each, viewing

Overall, bearing

15) There’s always the danger that if we take too long, warming will have _____________ to the
point where melting ice emits methane, creating yet more temperature _____________

amplified, stabilizes

dimished, increases

intensified, corners

increased, rises

remained, fuses

16) The Chairman of Syndicate Bank who was _____________ by the promoters of Bhushan
Steel was in jail for barely a few months and has not been _____________ as yet.

bribed, convicted

bought, convinced

stirred, hounded

taken, called

shocked, rounded

17) Claire Wardle categorized _____________ into seven categories, namely satire or
_____________ , misleading content, imposter content, fabricated content, false connection,
false content and manipulated content.

57
disinformation, news

paraphernalia, comedy

misinformation, parody

facts, virtual

rules, autobiography

18) Laughter has a strong social _____________ in bonding groups of people together and also
helps make the message more _____________ .

resolution, clear

mobility, harmful

intensity, plain

function, relatable

purview, smooth

19) Improvements to HR practices can help _____________ _____________ behavior like

frauds.

alleviate, benevolent

elevate, outrageous

mitigate, egregious

hasten, diminishable

diminish, pious

20) PSBs _____________ from a severe identity _____________ and require business, not just
financial restructuring.

58
suffer, crisis

offer, revolution

negate, control

prefer, makeover

bring, categorization

21) State governments have simply not given rules the necessary momentum, and the producers
of plastic articles that are _____________ used just for a few minutes have shown little
_____________ about their negative environmental impact.

regularly, assistance

invariably, concern

hardly, hope

habitually, support

rarely, makeover

22) All the _____________ functions including selection of bank chairpersons continue to be
_____________ by the Ministry of Finance.

governance, controlled

mundane, promoted

exploratory, facilitated

good, envisioned

important, overlooked

23) Currently, the maker _____________ systems require human _____________ and are
therefore prone to capture and corruption.

59
tracker, intimation

seeker, infusion

player, security

checker, intervention

marketer, guarantee

24) RBI lacks supervisory capacity to conduct forensic audits and this must be strengthened with
_____________ as well as _____________ resources.

male, female

discreet, conspicuous

human, technological

cash, kind

private, public

25) Unlike mainstream media that falls under _____________ regulation, online platforms have
scope for wrongdoing due to the lack of _____________ rules, and the ability to keep owners
and editors private like in the case of fake news sites.

inclusive, delicate

certain, socialite

comprehensive, binding

extensive, defamation

responsible, guiding

60
26) Related frauds amount to INR 612.6 billion in the last five financial years and governance
failures on account of _____________ and _____________ issues plague the banking
system.

males, females

hard, fast

micro, soft

integrity, competence

marketing, finance

27) It is best to be really clear that climate change _____________ to you, that you are personally
worried about it, and that you are asking your friends and family to help _____________ it
because you are scared.

important, out

looks, harm

communicates, purge

matters, address

points, clear

28) Social sector banks tend to man the business verticals with the brightest talent and less
_____________ staff in the inspection and _____________ roles.

skilled, future

competent, supervision

worse, work

61
experienced, futile

neutral, superior

29) The upcoming housing units in Maharashtra will increase residential building sector floor
space by approximately 100 million square metre and will generate higher carbon footprint,
posing _____________ environmental impacts if not constructed _____________ and
factoring occupants comfort.

undesirable, nicely

strong, timely

dverse, sustainably

quick, development

destructive, helpfully

30) SEBI believes that any move to transfer its _____________ funds to the Consolidated Fund
of India would mean the fees levied by SEBI on investors and traders would become a type
of additional tax, resulting in a perverse _____________ to increase the generation of such
revenue for the government.

surplus, incentive

excess, acquisition

access, encouragement

regular, rush

surfeit, embellishment

62
 ANSWERS:-

1b 2a 3d 4b 5a

SOLUTIONS:-

1) Correct Option: C
Change ‘are’ to ‘is’ because the subject ‘council of ministers’ is considered as one unit.
Hence, option C is correct.

2) Correct Option: C
Change ‘is’ to ‘has been’ to correct the error of tense to indicate that the damage has been
done in present perfect.
Hence, option C is correct.

3) Correct Option: C
Change ‘tend’ to ‘tends’ to correct the error of subject verb agreement. Because the subject
‘the perception of security’ is expressing one or singular idea.
Hence, option C is correct.

4) Correct Option: C
Delete ‘the’ before breakfast. Because before ‘meal’ article is not used except for a particular
purpose.
Hence, option C is correct.

5) Correct Option: D

63
Change ‘do not’ to ‘does not’ to correct the error in subject-verb agreement. Because the
subject is ‘Any coalition’ (singular).
Hence, option D is correct.

6) Correct Option: B
Use ‘went off’ to correct the error in phrasal verb. ‘went off’ means ‘taken place in the
specified way’.
Hence, option B is correct.

7) Correct Option: C
Use article ‘the’ before ‘farewell’, because farewell in this sentence is organized for the
outgoing principal. So it is particularized in the sentence.
Hence, option C is correct.

8) Correct Option: C
Add ‘a’ before dinner because it is a special dinner hosted on a special occasion. Article is
not usually used before a regular meal.
Hence, option C is correct.

9) Correct Option: A
Change ‘few’ to ‘a few’. Because ‘few’ has almost a negative meaning but when ‘only’ is
used before ‘few’, ‘a’ is used before ‘few’ to denote that number is very small but not
negative.
Hence, option A is correct.

10) Correct Option: A

In part (A) of the given sentence the use of 'After' before the perfect particile 'having failed' is
redundant or needless.

What is the perfect participle?

64
The perfect participle indicates completed action. You form the perfect participle by putting
the present participle having in front of the past participle.

Ex. having done, having finished, having read, having spoken = After doing, after finishing,
after reading, after speaking (respectively)

Some more examples :

Ex. Having attended the meeting, I went straight to Radhika's place. (Right)
Ex. After having attended the meeting, I went straight to Radhika's place. (Wrong)
Hence, option A is correct.

11) Correct Option: A

Correct sentence is:
She was asked to write a report about the meeting that she attended yesterday.
Hence, option A is correct.

12) Correct Option: D

In part D, 'to easy' must be replaced with the infinitive 'to ease' which means 'to make
something easy'.
Hence, option D is correct.

13) Correct Option: C

In part C, the noun 'institute' has to be in its plural form that is 'institutes' as the adjective
'many' before it suggests that there are more than one institute.
Hence, option C is correct.

65
14) Correct Option: B
In part B, the noun 'variety' must be replaced with the adjective 'various' as it is adding
information to the noun 'mistakes'.
Hence, option B is correct.

15) Correct Option: D

In part D, the possessive adjective 'one's' must be replaced with 'his' to make it a
grammatically correct sentence.
Rule: A possessive adjective has to be in agreement with the noun or pronoun it is relating to.
Ex. We must do our work in time.
Ex. One should respect one's parents.
Ex. Tani always blows her top.
Ex. Vibhor asks him his name.
Hence, option D is correct.

16) Correct Option: D

In part D, the noun 'premise' which means 'an idea' must be replaced with 'premises' which
means 'land or buildings' to make it a grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, option D is correct

17) Correct Option: B

The idiom 'To suffer from something' means to endure or experience unpleasantness, a
disease, or a health condition.
Ex. Varun is suffering from the flu.
In part B, the preposition 'for' hence must be replaced with 'from' to make it a grammatically
correct sentence.
Note: There's no error in part C as 'attending to' means 'to dealing with'.
Hence, option B is correct.

66
18) Correct Option: A
In part A, the preposition 'to' after the verb 'directed' must be dropped to make it a
grammatically correct sentence.
'To direct someone' means 'to give directions to somone'.
Ex. I directed my friend not to drink too much at the party.
Hence, option A is correct.

19) Correct Option: D

In part D, the verb 'make' must be replaced with 'makes' as the subject before it 'large human
capital' is singular in number.
Hence, option D is correct.

20) Correct Option: B

In part B, the preposition 'in' must be replaced with 'with' to make it a grammatically correct
sentence.

Meaning: If you are busy with something, you are busy dealing with it.
Hence, option B is correct.

21) Correct Option: C

In part C, the verb 'attract' must be replaced with its singular form 'attracts' as the subject 'a
glorious tradition' is singular in number and the verb used has to be in agreement with it.
Hence, optiion C is correct.

22) Correct Option: E

The sentence is absolutely correct and thus has no error in it.
Option E is hence the correct answer.

23) Correct Option: A

67
In part A, the verb 'buy' must be replaced with its gerund form 'buying' to make it a
grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, option A is correct.

24) Correct Option: B

In part B, the auxiliary verb 'have' must be replaced with its past form 'had' to match the tense
of the sentence.
Hence, option B is correct.

25) Correct Option: B

The preposition 'despite', which means 'whithout being affected by', is never followed by 'of.
The preposition 'of' hence must be dropped to make it a grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, optioin B is correct.

26) Correct Option: B

In part B, the pronoun 'I' must be replaced with its accustaive form 'me' as it's one of the
objects in the sentence.
More examples:
Ex 1. She scolded Meera and me (not I) not to wear jackets.
Ex 2. The Director asked me (not I) where I was during the meeting.
Hence, option B is correct.

27) Correct Option: C

In part C, the preposition 'at' must be dropped to make it a grammatically correct sentence.

'To regret' means to 'to feel sorry about something'.

Ex. Five years later she regrets having given up her home.
Hence, option C is correct.

28) Correct Option: C

68
In part C, the verb 'is having' must be replaced with 'has' to match the tense in the sentence.
The tense in the sentence is 'Simple Present' and not 'Present Continuous' and hence use of 'is
having' is erroneous in the context.
Hence, option C is correct.

29) Correct Option: D

In part D, the verb 'are' must be replaced with 'is' as the noun 'news' as the subject is singular
in number.
Hence, option D is correct.

30) Correct Option: D

In part D, the noun 'opportunity' must be replaced with its plural form 'opportunities' to make
it a grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, option D is correct.

SOLUTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS:-

1) Correct Option: B
The sentence tries to convey that the fee received is high enough to cover the operating
expenses of SEBI and it goes not need to ask for money from the government. In the context
of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "running" and
"funding". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore,
options A, C, D and E are eliminated.
Option B is hence the correct answer.

2) Correct Option: B
The word “provocative” indicates that the adjectives filling both the blanks would be
negative. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are
“inaccurate”, “erroneous” and “misleading”. Hence options A and D are eliminated.
However, the words “illuminating" and “gaming” are irrelevant to the context of this
sentence and are contextually incorrect. They cannot be placed in the second blank. This

69
eliminates options C and E as well. The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully
correct is “doctored” which means ‘changed the content or appearance of (a document or
picture) in order to deceive; falsified’.
Option B is hence the correct answer.

3) Correct Option: D
The term “collusion” refers to a secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy in order to deceive
others.

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "industry"
and "finance". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore,
options A, B, C and E are eliminated. The collusion between industry and finance refers to
businessmen misusing the loans taken from banks with full knowledge of the bank.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

4) Correct Option: C
The first blank refers to the ‘stipulations’ of the “Plastic Waste Management rules”. In the
context of the sentence, the words that are suitable for the first blank are “conditions” and
“provisions”. Hence options B, D and E are eliminated.

The use of the words “but this has not stopped” before the second blank shows that it has to
be something negative. The word “authentic" has a positive tone and is unsuitable for the
context of this sentence. This eliminates options A as well. The only word that makes the
sentence meaningfully correct is “counterfeit” which means ‘made in exact imitation of
something valuable with the intention to deceive or defraud’.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

5) Correct Option: A

70
The sentence conveys that a huge number of news portals are being set up because it is less
difficult to enter this space as compared to traditional media. In the context of the sentence,
the only appropriate combination of words is that of "umpteen" and "barriers". All other
options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options B, C, D and E
are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

6) Correct Option: D
In the context of the sentence, "ideal" or "excellent" can fit the first blank and this eliminates
options B, D and E. Further, option C could have been considered if the given choice for the
second blank was “knowledgeable” instead of knowledge. Thus, option C gets eliminated as
well. The suitable word for the second blank is “interested”.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

7) Correct Option: C
The word “regulation” after the first blank indicates that the word describes the type of
regulation the “mainstream media” falls under. In the context of the sentence, the words
which are suitable for the first blank are “inclusive”, “comprehensive” and “extensive”.
Hence options B and E are eliminated.

The word “lack” before the second blank and “rules” after it shows that it has to be the
opposite of the type of rules faced by the mainstream media. The only word that makes the
sentence meaningfully correct is “binding” which means ‘involving an obligation that cannot
be broken’. The words “delicate" and “defamation” are irrelevant to the context of this
sentence. This eliminates options A and D as well.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

8) Correct Option: A

71
In the context of the sentence, the only combination of words that is suitable for the first and
second blank are “finance” and “relatively” respectively. All other options are incorrect either
contextually or grammatically. The clue in this sentence is given by “financial world”.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

9) Correct Option: B
The first blank refers to something that is related to “loan” but the detection of which would
lead to “penalties”. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first
blank are “nonpayment”, “defaults” and “evasion”. Hence options C and E are eliminated.

The second blank indicated that penalties need to be given out when required. The only word
that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “meted” out which means ‘to give or order a
punishment or make someone receive cruel or unfair treatment’. The words “forced" and
“taken” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A and D as well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

10) Correct Option: C

“Lower spending” and “slowdown in rural growth” indicate that the growth of FMCG sector
is diminishing due to decrease in consumption. In the context of the sentence, the only
appropriate combination of words is that of "declining" and "crimp". All other options are
either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options A, B, D and E are
eliminated.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

11) Correct Option: B

The word “problem” before the first blank indicates that it is something ‘negative’ in nature.
In the context of the sentence, the words that are suitable for the first blank are “predatory”,
“rapacious” and “predacious” all of which mean ‘greedy’. Hence options A and D are
eliminated.

72
“Scoring system” after the second blank shows that it has to describe the scoring system as
‘measurable’ The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “quantitative”.
The words “value" and “number” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This
eliminates options C and E as well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

12) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, "peddle" or "sell" can fit the first blank and this eliminates
options B, D and E. Further, as numerous sites are set up to distribute fake news with catchy
titles, "click" is the most appropriate choice for the second blank. “Click bait” titles refer to
content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to
a particular web page. Thus, option C gets eliminated as well.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

13) Correct Option: C

Bankers would have to consider their own assessment methods to be more important only if
the rating agencies dedicated for this job have developed a bad reputation. In the context of
the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are “suspicions”, “doubts” and
“reservations”. Hence options B and E are eliminated.

Out of the remaining choices, the only word that fits in the second blank and makes the
sentence meaningfully correct is “forward”. The phrase “going forward” means ‘moving into
the future’. The words “backward" and “nether” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence.
This eliminates options A and D as well.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

14) Correct Option: A

73
In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "both"
and "creating". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect.
Therefore, options B, C, D and E are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

15) Correct Option: D

The first blank describes that state of “warming” where “melting ice emits methane”. In the
context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are “amplified”,
“intensified” and “increased”. Hence options B and E are eliminated.

The second blank is a continuation of the effects of high temperature. The only word that
makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “rises”. The words “stabilizes" and “corners” are
irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A and C as well.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

16) Correct Option: A

The sentence refers to the chairman going to “jail”. In the context of the sentence, the only
appropriate combination of words is that of "jail" and "convicted". All other options are either
grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

17) Correct Option: C

The examples of the “seven categories” mentioned in the sentence are all negative indicating
that the first blank is something ‘negative’ in nature. In the context of the sentence, the words
that are suitable for the first blank are “disinformation” and “misinformation”. Hence options
B, D and E are eliminated.

The second blank has to have a word whose meaning is similar to “satire”. The only word
that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “parody” which means ‘an imitation of the

74
style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect’. The
words “news" is irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A as well.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

18) Correct Option: D

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "function"
and "relatable". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect.
Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

19) Correct Option: C

The word “help” before the first blank indicates that the word in the first blank will have a
positive effect. But we are unable to eliminate any options before having a look at the second
blank.

The second blank is followed by the words “behaviour like frauds”. This shows that the word
in the blank is negative word which describes such fraudulent behaviour.

Now we combine these two pieces of information. In the context of the sentence, the words
which are suitable for the first blank are “allievate”, “mitigate” and “diminish” all of which
mean ‘reduce’. Hence options B and D are eliminated. As for the second blank, the only word
that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “egregious” which means ‘outstandingly bad;
shocking’. The words “benevolent" and “pious” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence.
This eliminates options A and E as well.

Option C is hence the correct answer

20) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "suffer"
and "crisis". This makes the sentence meaningfully correct. All other options are either

75
grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

21) Correct Option: B

The word “used” after the first blank indicates that it is regarding the nature of use of the
plastic articles. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank
are “regularly”, “invariably” and “habitually”. Hence options C and E are eliminated.

The second blank is regarding the “negative environmental impact” of the plastic bag. The
only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “concern” indicating that the
producers are hardly worried about the impact of plastic. The words “assistance" and
“support” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A and D as
well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

22) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of
"governance" and "controlled". This makes the sentence meaningfully correct. All other
options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options B, C, D and E
are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

23) Correct Option: D

In the context of the sentence, the only combination of words that lead to a meaningful
sentence is "checker" and "intervention".

Maker-checker is one of the central principles of authorization in the information systems of

financial organizations. The principle of maker and checker means that for each transaction,
there must be at least two individuals necessary for its completion.

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All other options are incorrect either contextually or grammatically. Therefore, options A, B,
C and E are eliminated.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

24) Correct Option: C

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "human"
and "technological". This makes the sentence meaningfully correct. All other options are
either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options B, C, D and E are
eliminated.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

25) Correct Option: C

The word “regulation” after the first blank indicates that the word describes the type of
regulation the “mainstream media” falls under. In the context of the sentence, the words
which are suitable for the first blank are “inclusive”, “comprehensive” and “extensive”.
Hence options B and E are eliminated.

“Lack of” before the second blank and “rules” after it shows that it has to be the opposite of
the type of rules faced by the mainstream media. The only word that makes the sentence
meaningfully correct is “binding” which means ‘involving an obligation that cannot be
broken’. The words “delicate" and “defamation” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence.
This eliminates options A and D as well.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

26) Correct Option: D

The sentence tries to convey that the banking system is “plagued” or ‘infected’ with problems
such as “frauds” and incapability and inefficiency of the government.

77
“Failures on account of” before the blanks indicate that the words occupying the blank must
be positive so that the whole expression can become negative. In the context of the sentence,
the only combination of words that lead to a meaningful sentence is "integrity" and
"competence". All other options are incorrect either contextually or grammatically.

“Integrity” is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. “Competence”
is the ability to do something successfully or efficiently.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

27) Correct Option: D

In the context of the sentence, the only combination of words that lead to a meaningful
sentence is "matters" and "address". All other options are incorrect either contextually or
grammatically. Option A would have been considered if the helping verb “is” was present
before the first blank. The other options make the statement contextually inappropriate.
Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

28) Correct Option: B

The sentence says that the “brightest” talents are already employed in the business verticals
of the social sector banks. Therefore, the first blank refers to the remaining less ‘capable’
employees. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are
“skilled”, “competent” and “experienced”. Hence options C and E are eliminated.

The word “inspection” and the second blank are joined by “and” and describe the “roles” of
the staff. The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “supervision”. The
words “future" and “futile” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates
options A and D as well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

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29) Correct Option: C
The word "posing" reflects a tone of 'negative effect' and hence only "undesirable", “adverse”
and "destructive” would fit the blank. Options B and D lack this reasoning and can be
eliminated.

Sustainable development means utilizing resources today in a manner that does not harm the
future generations. The construction of residential buildings will leave a huge carbon
footprint and should be done in an efficient way that does not have negative impacts in
future. The adverb "sustainably" would fit the blank aptly. “Nicely” and “helpfully do not
convey the meaning properly and hence options A and E can also be eliminated.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

30) Correct Option: A

The word “funds” after the first blank indicates that the word describes the type of funds that
might be transferred to the Consolidated Fund of India. In the context of the sentence, the
words which are suitable for the first blank are “surplus”, “excess” and “surfeit”. Hence
options C and D are eliminated.

The second blank refers to the motivation “to increase the generation” of fees levied by SEBI
on to investors as this would also act as revenue for the government if the funds are
transferred. The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “incentive” which
means ‘a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something’. The words
“acquisition" and “embellishment” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This
eliminates options B and E as well.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

1. In the 16th century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand
Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he
served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at
court and lost the king’s favor. After he was dismissed from service by the king of Portugal,
he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.

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A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W
longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that
the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from
Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography
of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the
remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they
found the passage they sought near 50 degrees S latitude. Magellan named this passage the
Strait of All Saints, but today it is known as the Strait of Magellan.

One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were
privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed
the meridian now known as the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after 98
days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan’s men died of
starvation and disease.

Later, Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a
tribal battle. Only one ship and 17 sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano
survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the
world is round, with no precipice at the edge.

1. The 16th century was an age of great ______ exploration.

2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political
________.

3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location
on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that
extends in a _________ direction.

2. Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her
husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and
studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie’s amicable collaboration
later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.

Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At
an early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined

80
to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a
French university, where she earned her master’s degree and doctorate in physics.

Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of
her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent
many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they
discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by
this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their
close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had
two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.

Curie’s feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her
husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a
professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in
chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from
her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of
the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the
physical world.

1. The Curies’ _________ collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.

2. Marie had a bright mind and a ______ personality

3. When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt
_________.

4. Marie _________ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter the Sorbonne.

3. Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and
Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions.
The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A.D. 79.

The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption,
although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had
disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano
poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and
filling the harbor with coagulated lava.

81
Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on
Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large
portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause
of destruction. Poisonous sulfuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not
buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.

Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about
the behavior of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects an animal
specimen, scientists have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area’s
geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the
beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded
that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world’s climate.

In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the
skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening
the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and
draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both
Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made
of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic
consequences have provided everyone with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes
can have on the surrounding area. Today, volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions,
saving lives and preventing the destruction of other cities and cultures.

1. Herculaneum and its harbor were buried under _________ lava.

2. The poisonous gases were not _________ in the air.

3. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist _________ a
specimen.

1. Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional
content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it
is through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor's dramatic performance is
primary, and the music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary
elements of theater such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera,
or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble
ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra.

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A. It is pointed out in the reading that opera ----.

B. We can understand from the reading that ----.

C. It is stated in the reading that ----.

2. Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them
helping drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about
dolphins, the more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously
imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and
protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested that dolphins
have a language but it is much more probable that they communicate with each other without
needing words. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man? Certainly the
most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them that we can kill them more
easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the more we discover
about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior when we destroy them.

A. It is clear from the passage that dolphins ----.

B. The fact that the writer of the passage thinks that we can kill dolphins more easily
than they can kill us ----.

C. One can infer from the reading that ----.

3. Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the
passenger-and-car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never have happened. It was
well designed and carefully maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had been
thoroughly inspected the day of its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and
sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board, caught in
their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves: Of those who managed to
scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of hypothermia before the rescuers
could pluck them from the cold sea. The final death toll amounted to 912 souls. However,
there were an unpleasant number of questions about why the Estonia sank and why so many
survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women, children and the
elderly.

A. One can understand from the reading that ----.

B. It is clear from the passage that the survivors of the accident ----.

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C. According to the passage, when the Estonia sank, ----.

4. Erosion of America's farmland by wind and water has been a problem since settlers
first put the prairies and grasslands under the plow in the nineteenth century. By the 1930s,
more than 282 million acres of farmland were damaged by erosion. After 40 years of
conservation efforts, soil erosion has accelerated due to new demands placed on the land by
heavy crop production. In the years ahead, soil erosion and the pollution problems it causes
are likely to replace petroleum scarcity as the nation's most critical natural resource problem.

A. As we understand from the reading, today, soil erosion in America ----.

B. The author points out in the passage that erosion in America ----.

1. What, one wonders, is the lowest common denominator of Indian culture today?
The attractive Hema Malini? The songs of Vinidh Barati? The attractive Hema
Malini? The sons of Vinidh Barati?
Or the mouth-watering Masala Dosa? Delectable as these may be, each yield
pride of place to that false (?) symbol of a new era-the synthetic fibre. In less
than twenty years the nylon sari and the terylene shirt have swept the
countryside, penetrated to the farthest corners of the land and persuaded every
common man, woman and child that the key to success in the present-day world
lie in artificial fibers: glass nylon, crepe nylon, tery mixes, polyesters and what
have you. More than the bicycles, the wristwatch or the transistor radio,
synthetic clothes have come to represent the first step away form the village
square. The village lass treasures the flashy nylon sari in her trousseau most
delay; the village youth gets a great kick out of his cheap terrycot shirt and
trousers, the nearest he can approximate to the expensive synthetic sported by
his wealthy citybred contemporaries. And the Neo-rich craze for ‘phoren’ is
nowhere more apparent than in the price that people will pay for smuggled,
stolen, begged borrowed second hand or thrown away synthetics. Alas, even the
uniformity of nylon.
A. The lowest common denominator’ of the Indian culture today is
__________ .
B. The synthetic fibre has __________ .
C. The latest symbol of modernity for the rural people is ___________ .
D. The tern ‘Neo-rich’ means ___________ .

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2. Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English
language is in a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious
action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language-so the
argument runs-must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any
struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring
candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the
half-conscious belief that language is natural growth and not an instrument
which we shape for our own purposes.

Now it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and
economic causes it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual
writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and
producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may
take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more
completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the
English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish,
but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts.
The point is that the process is reversible. Modern English, especially written
English, is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if
one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits, one can
think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first step towards political
regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the
exclusive concern of professional writers.

A. Many people believe that nothing can be done about the English language
because __________.
B. The author believes that __________ .
C. The author believes that the first stage towards the political regeneration
of the language would be ___________ .
D. The author believes that ___________ .

3. A vexed problem facing us is the clamour to open more colleges and to reserve
more seats for backward classes. But it will be a sheer folly to expand such
facilities recklessly without giving any thought to the quality of education
imparted. If admissions are made far more selective, it will automatically

85
 reduced the number of entrants. This should apply particularly colleges, many of
which are little more than degree factories. Only then can the authorities hope to
bring down the teacher-student ratio to manageable proportion. What is more,
teachers should be given refresher courses, every summer to brush up their
knowledge. Besides, if college managements increase their library budget it will
help both the staff and the to new students a great deal.

At the same time, however, it will be unfair to deny college education to

thousands of young men and women, unless employers stop insisting on degrees
even for clerical jobs. For a start, why can't the Government disqualify
graduates from securing certain jobs, say class III and IV posts? Once the link
between degrees and jobs is severed at least in some important departments, in
will make young people think twice before joining college.

A. What can automatically help to reduce admission __________ .

B. Many of the new college are ___________ .

SYNONYMS

Q1. Select the synonym of the given word.

LYRICAL
(a) brilliant (b) musical
(c) prosaic (d) overwhelming
Q2. Select the synonym of the given word.
MEMOIR
(a) diary (b) episode
(c) anecdote (d) story
Q3. Select the synonym of the given word.
EXTRICATE
(a) intricate (b) remove
(c) delete (d) complicate
Q4. Select the synonym of the given word.

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NINCOMPOOP
(a) bold (b) innocent
(c) clever (d) foolish
Q5. Select the synonym of the given word.
DETRACTOR
(a) devotees (b) reviewers
(c) critics (d) admirers
Q6. Select the synonym of the given word.
IMMINENT
(a) important (b) forthcoming
(c) immature (d) truthful
Q7. Select the synonym of the given word.
CLINCHED
(a) bounded (b) finalized
(c) devoted (d) argued
Q8. Select the synonym of the given word.
ELUSIVE
(a) distorted (b) wrong
(c) intangible (d) refined
Q9. Select the synonym of the given word.
REQUISITE
(a) dominant (b) dynamic
(c) critical (d) obligatory
Q10. Select the synonym of the given word.
FORMIDABLE
(a) dreadful (b) weak
(c) feeble (d) harmless
Q11. Select the synonym of the given word.
ELUCIDATE
(a) confuse (b) confound
(c) distort (d) enlighten
Q12. Select the synonym of the given word.
GRISLY
(a) loathsome (b) pleasing
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(c) alluring (d) beautiful
Q13. Select the synonym of the given word.
NONCHALANT
(a) vigilant (b) scrupulous
(c) indifferent (d) considerate
Q14. Select the synonym of the given word.
ORDAIN
(a) revoke (b) impose
(c) abrogate (d) violate
Q15. Select the synonym of the given word.
PILLAGE
(a) bequeath (b) consign
(c) entrust (d) desecrate
Q16. Select the synonym of the given word.
CLUSTER
(a) individual (b) assemblage
(c) specific (d) solitary
Q17. Select the synonym of the given word.
AFFECTIONATE
(a) neglectful (b) aloof
(c) sympathetic (d) suppressive
Q18. Select the synonym of the given word.
CONSEQUENT
(a) inception (b) ensuing
(c) dawn (d) creation
Q19. Select the synonym of the given word.
PHONETIC
(a) mute (b) reticent
(c) silent (d) spoken
Q20. Select the synonym of the given word.
ANTITHESIS
(a) contradictory (b) harmony
(c) affinity (d) analogy
Q21. Select the synonym of the given word.
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ASCETIC
(a) spree (b) austere
(c) bacchanal (d) binge
Q22. Select the synonym of the given word.
MEADOW
(a) metro (b) pasture
(c) borough (d) civic
Q23. Select the synonym of the given word.
TREAD
(a) walk (b) run
(c) climb (d) follow
Q24. Select the synonym of the given word.
FILLIP
(a) flip (b) boost
(c) blow (d) knock
Directions (25-60): In the following questions, out of the four alternatives, choose the one
which best expresses the meaning of the given word.
Q25. PROSCRIPTIVE
(a) squalid (b) exiguous
(c) exclusion (d) thrifty
Q26. LIMBER
(a) lissome (b) stiff
(c) lummox (d) luminary
Q27. UPFRONT
(a) dissembling (b) ingenuous
(c) equivocal (d) ambiguous
Q28. REDUNDANCY
(a) absence (b) dearth
(c) paucity (d) excess
Q29. INHIBITOR
(a) advocate (b) subsidy
(c) hamper (d) compensation
Q30. STUPOR
(a) sensibility (b) slumber
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(c) liveliness (d) consciousness
Q31. SUBTLE
(a) harsh (b) open
(c) ignorant (d) understated
Q32. SNATCH
(a) detonate (b) bequeath
(c) confer (d) wrench
Q33. SPLINTER
(a) stub (b) share
(c) chip (d) friction
Q34. SPARTAN
(a) garish (b) forgiven
(c) civilized (d) brave
Q35. ASTONISH
(a) mundane (b) empress
(c) overwhelm (d) calm
Q36. MELODRAMATIC
(a) tranquil (b) halcyon
(c) bucolic (d) theatrical
Q37. STREAK
(a) freak (b) bright
(c) immaculate (d) smear
Q38. SENTRY
(a) bandit (b) competitor
(c) sentinel (d) foe
Q39. SUBSIDY
(a) endowment (b) forfeit
(c) mulct (d) reward
Q40. DIRE
(a) calm (b) mild
(c) critical (d) trivial
Q41. INCURSION
(a) hurt (b) retreat
(c) aggression (d) cut
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Q42. ROT
(a) mature (b) stagnate
(c) smell (d) decay
Q43. BRISTLE
(a) thorn (b) tranquil
(c) friction (d) sleek
Q44. CONFUSE
(a) explicate (b) perplex
(c) mix (d) divert
Q45. AMPLIFY
(a) magnify (b) electrify
(c) satisfy (d) supply
Q46. REPLETE
(a) restful (b) occupied
(c) full (d) calm
Q47. FOREGO
(a) forget (b) give up
(c) ban (d) go ahead
Q48. MASSIVE
(a) thick (b) strong
(c) solid (d) huge
Q49. HARASS
(a) refuse (b) bother
(c) help (d) care
Q50. COMMENDABLE
(a) praiseworthy (b) grateful
(c) courteous (d) satisfying
Q51. ECSTASY
(a) danger (b) fear
(c) grief (d) happiness
Q52. AFFLUENT
(a) wealthy (b) clever
(c) joyous (d) strong
Q53. FEIGN
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(a) prefer (b) prepare
(c) pester (d) pretend
Q54. DAME
(a) man (b) female
(c) lady (d) girl
Q55.EXCURSION
(a) trekking (b) holiday
(c) boating (d) tour
Q56. AVOID
(a) evade
(b) face
(c) approach
(d) pursue
Q57.EXECUTE
(a) apply (b) occupy
(c) variety (d) implement
Q58. REMEDY
(a) bearing (b) healing
(c) cure (d) restore
Q59. VELOCITY
(a) flight (b) race
(c) speed (d) hurry
Q60. ACCURATE
(a) precise (b) truthful
(c) condensed (d) pacify

ANSWERS:
S1. Ans.(b)
Sol. Lyrical means (of literature, art, or music) expressing the writer's emotions in an
imaginative and beautiful way.
Prosaic means having or using the style or diction of prose as opposed to poetry; lacking
imaginativeness or originality.
Musical means relating to music, set to or accompanied by music.
S2. Ans.(a)
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Sol. Memoir is a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge.
Diary is a book in which one keeps a daily record of events and experiences.
Anecdote is a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person
Episode is an event or a group of events occurring as part of a sequence; an incident or period
considered in isolation.
S3. Ans.(b)
Sol. Extricate means free (someone or something) from a constraint or difficulty.
S4. Ans.(d)
Sol. Nincompoop means a silly or stupid person.
S5. Ans.(c)
Sol. Detractor means someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly.
Critic is a person who expresses an unfavourable opinion of something.
S6. Ans.(b)
Sol. Imminent means coming or likely to happen very soon.
Forthcoming means about to happen or appear.
S7. Ans.(b)
Sol. Clinch means to confirm or settle. (a contract or bargain)
Finalize means complete or agree on a finished and definitive version of.
S8. Ans.(c)
Sol. Elusive means difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember.
Intangible means impossible to touch, to describe exactly, or to give an exact value.
S9. Ans.(d)
Sol. Requisite means made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations.
Obligatory means required by a legal, moral, or other rule; compulsory.
S10. Ans.(a)
Sol. Formidable means inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful,
intense, or capable. Hence option. (a) is the correct choice.
S11. Ans.(d)
Sol. Elucidate means to make. (something) clear; explain. And,
Enlighten means to give. (someone) greater knowledge and understanding about a subject or
situation.
S12. Ans.(a)
Sol. Grisly means causing horror or disgust. And,
Loathsome means causing hatred or disgust; repulsive.
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S13. Ans.(c)
Sol. Nonchalant means. (of a person or manner) feeling or appearing casually calm and
Relaxed; not displaying anxiety, interest, or enthusiasm.
Indifferent: having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.
S14. Ans.(b)
Sol. Ordain means to order. (something) officially. Hence, option. (b) is the correct choice.
S15. Ans.(d)
Sol. Pillage: rob a place using violence.
Desecrate: treat a sacred place or thing with violent disrespect.
Bequeath: leave (property) to a person or other beneficiary by a will.
Consign: deliver (something) to a person's keeping.
S16. Ans.(b)
Sol. Cluster: a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together.
Assemblage: a collection or gathering of things or people.
S17. Ans.(c)
Sol. Affectionate: readily feeling or showing fondness.
Sympathetic: feeling, showing, or expressing sympathy.
S18. Ans.(b)
Sol. Consequent: following as a result or effect.
Ensuing: happen or occur afterwards or as a result.
Dawn: the first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise.
S19. Ans.(d)
Sol. Phonetic: relating to speech sounds.
S20. Ans.(a)
Sol. Antithesis: a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.
Analogy: a thing which is comparable to something else in significant respects.
Affinity: a natural liking for and understanding of someone or something.
Contradictory: mutually opposed or inconsistent.
S21. Ans.(b)
Sol. Ascetic: characterized by severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of
indulgence, typically for religious reasons.
Austere: severe or strict in manner or attitude.
S22. Ans.(b)
Sol. Meadow: a piece of grassland, especially one used for hay.
94
Pasture: land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals,
especially cattle or sheep.
S23. Ans.(a)
Sol. Tread means walk in a specified way.
S24. Ans.(b)
Sol. Fillip means something which acts as a stimulus or boost to an activity.
S25. Ans.(c)
Sol. Proscriptive: an imposed restraint or restriction.
Exclusion: the act of not allowing someone or something to take part in an activity or to enter
a place.
S26. Ans.(a)
Sol. Limber: (of a person or body part) lithe or supple.
Lissome: (of a person or their body) thin, supple, and graceful.
Stiff: (of a person or part of the body) unable to move easily and without pain.
Lummox: a clumsy, stupid person.
Luminary: a person who inspires or influences others.
S27. Ans.(b)
Sol. Upfront: free in expressing oneʼs true feelings and opinions.
Ingenuous: showing simplicity and candidness.
S28. Ans.(d)
Sol. Redundancy means the state of being not or no longer needed or useful and excess an
amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable.
S29. Ans.(c)
Sol. Inhibitor means a thing which inhibits someone or something and Hamper means hinder
or impede the movement or progress of.
S30. Ans.(b)
Sol. Stupor means a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility and Slumber means sleep.
S31. Ans.(d)
Sol. Subtle means so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or describe and understated
means presented or expressed in a subtle and effective way.
S32. Ans.(d)
Sol. Snatch means to take something or someone away by force.
Wrench means to pull and twist something suddenly or violently away from its position.
S33. Ans.(c)
95
Sol. Splinter means a small, thin, sharp piece of wood, glass, or similar material broken off
from a larger piece. Hence chip is the correct choice.
S34. Ans.(d)
Sol. Spartan means a person of great courage and self-discipline. Hence brave is the correct
choice.
S35. Ans.(c)
Sol. Astonish means to surprise or impress. (someone) greatly and overwhelm means to have
a strong emotional effect on.
S36. Ans.(d)
Sol. Melodramatic: a story, play, or film in which the characters show stronger emotions than
real people usually do.
Theatrical: relating to acting, actors, or the theatre.
Tranquil: free from disturbance, calm.
Halcyon: denoting a period of time in the past that was idyllically happy and peaceful.
Bucolic: relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life.
S37. Ans.(d)
Sol. Streak: a long, thin line or mark of a different substance or colour from its surroundings.
Immaculate: perfectly clean, neat, or tidy.
Smear: a mark or streak of a greasy or sticky substance.
S38. Ans.(c)
Sol. Sentry: a soldier stationed to keep guard or to control access to a place.
Bandit: a robber or outlaw belonging to a gang and typically operating in an isolated or lawless
area.
Sentinel: a soldier or guard whose job is to stand and keep watch.
Foe: an enemy or opponent.
S39. Ans.(a)
Sol. Subsidy: a sum of money granted by the state or a public body to help an industry or
business keep the price of a commodity or service low.
Endowment: a quality or ability possessed or inherited by someone.
Forfeit: a fine or penalty for wrongdoing.
Mulct: extract money from someone by fine or taxation.
S40. Ans.(c)
Sol. Dire means extremely serious or urgent and critical means expressing adverse or
disapproving comments or judgements.
96
S41. Ans.(c)
Sol. Incursion : an invasion or attack, especially a sudden or brief one.
S42. Ans.(d)
Sol. Rot: decay or cause to decay by the action of bacteria and fungi; decompose.
Decay: rot or decompose through the action of bacteria and fungi.
S43. Ans.(a)
Sol. Bristle: a short, stiff hair on an animal's skin or a man's face.
Thorn: a stiff, sharp-pointed woody projection on the stem or other part of a plant.
S44. Ans.(b)
Sol. Confuse: to make someone bewildered
Perplex : to make someone feel completely confused.
S45. Ans.(a)
Sol. Amplify means to make. (Something) more marked or intense; and magnify means to
increase or exaggerate the importance or effect of.
S46. Ans.(c)
Sol. Replete means filled or well-supplied with something.
S47. Ans.(b)
Sol. Forego means to go without. (Something desirable). Hence option. (b) is the best suited.
S48. Ans.(d)
Sol. Massive means large and heavy or solid.
S49. Ans.(b)
Sol. Harass means subject to aggressive pressure or intimidation.
S50. Ans.(a)
Sol. “Commendable” means praiseworthy, admirable, laudable, etc.
S51. Ans.(d)
Sol. “Ecstasy” means an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement.
S52. Ans.(a)
Sol. “Affluent” means wealthy, rich, prosperous, etc.
S53. Ans.(d)
Sol. “Feign” means pretend to be affected by. (a feeling, state, or injury).
S54. Ans.(c)
Sol. The word “Dame” means an elderly or mature woman.
S55. Ans.(d)
Sol. Excursion is a short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure activity.
97
S56. Ans.(a)
Sol. Avoid means to keep away from or stop oneself from doing. (something).
Evade means to escape or avoid. (someone or something), especially by guile or trickery.
S57. Ans.(d)
Sol. Execute means to put. (a plan, order, or course of action) into effect. Hence, implement is
the correct synonym of it.
S58. Ans.(c)
Sol. Remedy means a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury; cure.
S59. Ans.(c)
Sol. Velocity means the speed of something in a given direction.
S60. Ans.(a)
Sol. Accurate means (especially of information, measurements, or predictions) correct in all
details; exact
5 QUESTIONS ON PARAJUMBLE

DIRECTIONS for Questions 1 to 5: Sentences given in each question, when properly

sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the
most logical order of the sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent
paragraph.

1. A. By reasoning we mean the mental process of drawing an inference from two or more
statements or going from the inference to the statements, which yield that inference.

B. So logical reasoning covers those types of questions, which imply drawing an inference
from the problems.

C. Logic means, if we take its original meaning, the science of valid reasoning.

D. Clearly, for understanding arguments and for drawing the inference correctly, it is
necessary that we should understand the statements first.

(a) ACBD (b) CABD

(c) ABCD (d) DBCA

98
2. A. In rejecting the functionalism in positivist organization theory, either wholly or
partially, there is often a move towards a political model of organization theory.

B. Thus, the analysis would shift to the power resources possessed by different groups in the
organization and the way they use these resources in actual power plays to shape the
organizational structure.

C. At the extreme, in one set of writings, the growth of administrators in the organization is
held to be completely unrelated to the work to be done and to be caused totally by the
political pursuit of self-interest.

D. The political model holds that individual interests are pursued in organizational life
through the exercise of power and influence.

(a) ADBC (b) CBAD

(c) DBCA (d) ABDC

3. A. Group decision-making, however, does not necessarily fully guard against arbitrariness
and anarchy, for individual capriciousness can get substituted by collusion of group members.

B. Nature itself is an intricate system of checks and balances, meant to preserve the delicate
balance between various environmental factors that affect our ecology.

C. In institutions also, there is a need to have in place a system of checks and balances which
inhibits the concentration of power in the hands of only some individuals.

D. When human interventions alter this delicate balance, the outcomes have been seen to be
disastrous.

(a) CDAB (b) BCAD

(c) CABD (d) BDCA

4. A. He was bone-weary and soul-weary, and found himself muttering, “Either I can’t
manage this place, or it’s unmanageable.”

B. To his horror, he realized that he had become the victim of an amorphous, unwitting,

99
unconscious conspiracy to immerse him in routine work that had no significance.

C. It was one of those nights in the office when the office clock was moving towards four in
the morning and Bennis was still not through with the incredible mass of paper stacked
before him.

D. He reached for his calendar and ran his eyes down each hour, half-hour, and quarter-hour,
to see where his time had gone that day, the day before, the month before.

(a) ABCD (b) CADB

(c) BDCA (d) DCBA

5. A. With that, I swallowed the shampoo, and obtained the most realistic results almost on
the spot.

B. The man shuffled away into the back regions to make up a prescription, and after a
moment I got through on the shop-telephone to the Consulate, intimating my location.

C. Then, while the pharmacist was wrapping up a six-ounce bottle of the mixture, I groaned
and inquired whether he could give me something for acute gastric cramp.

D. I intended to stage a sharp gastric attack, and entering an old-fashioned pharmacy, I asked
for a popular shampoo mixture, consisting of olive oil and flaked soap.

(a) DCBA (b) DACB

(c) BDAC (d) BCDA

30 QUESTIONS ON SPOTTING THE ERROR

31) Once appointed by the President, (A)/the council of ministers (B)/as responsible (C)/to the
house. (D)/No error (E)

Once appointed by the President

100
the council of ministers

as responsible

to the house

No error

32) The time has come for policy makers (A) / in India to understand the damage (B) / which is
caused as a result of (C) / a vast gap in perception and reality. (D)/No error (E)

The time has come for policy makers

in India to understand the damage

which is caused as a result of

a vast gap in perception and reality

No error

33) The perception of security (A)/held by the power elites (B)/tend to ignore the basic reality
that (C)/contradictions of civil society have grown since nuclear explosion. (D)/No error (E)

The perception of security

held by the power elites

tend to ignore the basic reality that

contradictions of civil society have grown since nuclear explosion

No error

34) Since two days, (A)/I have not taken (B)/the breakfast (C)/but dinner. (D)/No error (E)

Since two days

101
I have not taken

the breakfast

but dinner

No error

35) Any coalition (A)/which contains Miss Jayalalitha as a major ally (B)/and Ms. Mamta as a
minor partner (C)/do not need outside support. (D)/No error (E)

Any coalition

which contains Miss Jayalalitha as a major ally

and Ms. Mamta as a minor partner

do not need outside support

No error

36) The bus ride to Lahore (A)/went smoothly (B)/and so did (C)/the cricket match. (D)/No error
(E)

The bus ride to Lahore

went smoothly

and so did

the cricket match

No error

37) Quite a few (A)/students were also present (B)/during farewell ceremony (C)/of their
outgoing principal. (D)/No error (E)

102
Quite a few

students were also present

during farewell ceremony

of their outgoing principal

No error

38) Today, all students (A)/of my class are (B)/invited to dinner (C)/given to bid farewell to the
out-going students. (D)/No error (E)

Today, all students

of my class are

invited to dinner

given to bid farewell to the out-going students

No error

39) Only few (A)/customers come (B)/regularly (C)/to my shop. (D)/No error (E)

Only few

customers come

regularly

to my shop

No error

40) After having failed to revive a flagging Nano, (A) / Tata Motors has demanded afresh last
week (B) / that the enviable sops be extended to other car models (C) / it plans to manufacture
from Sanand. (D) / No error (E)

103
(extracted from an article 'After GM exit, Nano gives Gujarat big scare' published in the Times of
India on Septermber 11, 2015.)

After having failed to revive a flagging Nano,

Tata Motors has demanded afresh last week

that the enviable sops be extended to other car models

it plans to manufacture from Sanand

No error

41) She was be asked to (A) / write a report about (B) / the meeting that (C) / she attended
yesterday. (D) / No error (E)

She was be asked to

write a report about

the meeting that

she attended yesterday.

No error

42) There will be several (A) / new visa application centers opened (B) / in metros across the
country (C) / to easy the pressure on embassies. (D) / No error (E)

There will be several

new visa application centers opened

in metros across the country

104
to easy the pressure on embassies.

No error

43) Since the online education system (A) / has been poorly designed, (B) / there are not many
institute (C) / that offer this facility. (D) / No error (E)

Since the online education system

has been poorly designed,

there are not many institute

that offer this facility.

No error

44) After careful scrutiny of the report (A) / variety mistakes that had been (B) / made by the
research (C) / department were found. (D) / No error (E)

After careful scrutiny of the report

variety mistakes that had been

made by the research

department were found.

No error

45) His industrious nature (A) / and calm temperament (B) / have endeared him (C) / to one's
colleagues and superiors. (D) / No error (E)

His industrious nature

and calm temperament

105
have endeared him

to one's colleagues and superiors.

No error

46) Since the tenant failed (A) / to pay his rent on time (B) / the landlord denied him (C) / access
to the premise. (D) / No error (E)

Since the tenant failed

to pay his rent on time

the landlord denied him

access to the premise.

No error

47) Today most employees complain (A) / of suffering for the stress (B) / of attending to (C) /
rude customers all day. (D) / No error (E)

Today most employees complain

of suffering for the stress

of attending to

rude customers all day.

No error

48) The judge has directed to (A) / the accused and the complainant (B) / not to interfere with
(C) / the witness in any manner. (D) / No error (E)

The judge has directed to

106
the accused and the complainant

not to interfere with

the witness in any manner.

No error

49) The main advantage India has (A) / over other countries is (B) / its large human capital which
(C) / make it an ideal outscoring base. (D) / No error (E)

The main advantage India has

over other countries is

its large human capital which

make it an ideal outscoring base.

No error

50) Manasi is too busy (A) / in her current (B) / programme to take (C) / up any new one. (D) /
No error (E)

Manasi is too busy

in her current

programme to take

up any new one.

No error

51) This college has (A) / a glourious tradition (B) / that attract (C) / good students to the college.
(D) / No error (E)

107
This college has

a glourious tradition

that attract

good students to the college.

No error

52) A disaster management cell is opened (A) / by the state government (B) / before the rainy
seasons (C) / as a precautionary measure. (D) / No error (E)

A disaster management cell is opened

by the state government

before the rainy season

as a precautionary measure.

No error

53) Buy presents for ladies (A) / in their absence (B) / is a very (C) / difficult task. (D) / No error
(E)

Buy presents for ladies

in their absence

is a very

difficult task.

No error

54) The Director asked me (A) / how I have not (B) / taken his permission (C) / before applying
for the new job. (D) / No error (E)

108
The Director asked me

how I have not

taken his permission

before applying for the new job.

No error

55) The city people stayed (A) / fearlessly despite of (B) / rumours of terrorist attack (C) / in the
area. (D) / No error (E)

The city people stayed

fearlessly despite of

rumours of terrorist attack

in the area.

No error

56) They have invited (A) / Sushma and I (B) / for the meeting to be (C) / held next month. (D)
/ No error (E)

They have invited

Sushma and I

for the meeting to be

held next month.

No error

57) The postman was polite (A) / and said he regretted (B) / at the delay (C) / in delivery. (D) /
No error (E)

109
The postman was polite

and said he regretted

at the delay

in delivery.

No error

58) The instructions clearly (A) / state that (B) / each item is having (C) / two options. (D) / No
error (E)

The instructions clearly

state that

each item is having

two options.

No error

59) He is (A) / of the opinion (B) / that the evening news (C) / are worth watching. (D) / No error
(E)

He is

of the opinion

that the evening news

are worth watching

No error

60) The Indian government (A) / should make sure that (B) / men and women are (C) / given
equal opportunity. (D) / No error (E)

110
The Indian government

should make sure that

men and women are

given equal opportunity.

No error

30 QUESTIONS ON DOUBLE FILLERS

NOTE:- Option 1 stands for option A.

Option 2 stands for option B.

Option 3 stands for option C.

Option 4 stands for option D.

Option 5 stands for option E.

31) The fee received is reasonably sufficient to cater to the _____________

expenses of SEBI, and it does not need to seek _____________ from the government.

fine, permission

running, funding

loan, more

gradual, approval

regular, less

32) Provocative content, _____________ information, _____________ videos and pictures are
being disseminated through various online and mobile platforms.

111
upset, deformed

inaccurate, doctored

erroneous, illuminating

vague, personal

misleading, gaming

33) The original sin of nationalization of banks was considered necessary at the time, given the
collusion between _____________ and _____________ then.

employees, employers

government, people

companies, consumers

industry, finance

marketing, advertising

34) The _____________ of the Plastic Waste Management Rules require manufacturers of
compostable bags to get a certificate from the Central Pollution Control Board, but this has
not stopped _____________ products from entering the market

conditions, authentic

honour, conceding

provisions, counterfeit

faucets, prerogative

E)choice, gilded

35) _____________ number of news/information portals are being set up as there are few entry
_____________ unlike in the traditional media.

112
Umpteen, barriers

Negligible, exits

Reduced, points

Gradual, problems

Definite, channels

36) It is believed that laughter is an _____________ way of reaching wider audiences and
engaging people who are less _____________ in the topic.

ideal, knowledge

agitation, hooked

intense, known

excellent, interested

optional, good

37) Currently, 11 of 21 listed PSB banks are under RBI’s prompt corrective action framework
and simply consolidating all NPAs would create an additional level of complexity.

knowingly, want

willingly, try

consolidating, additional

quickly, develop

urgently, help

38) A surprise pick by PM, the new _____________ minister remains a _____________
unknown entity to the financial world.

113
finance, relatively

textiles, important

resources, very

law, less

education, generally

39) Terms of chairpersons should align with the life of the loan, which would allow
_____________ to be detected and penalties to be _____________ out as required.

nonpayment, forced

defaults, meted

withdrawals, given

evasions, taken

bribery, stroked

40) Growth in India's fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector is _____________ as lower
spending in urban centres and slowdown in rural growth _____________ consumption.

dipping, food

failing, imaginary

declining, crimp

emerging, halt

eliminating, queue

41) The problem of _____________ journals emerged after the UGC introduced a
_____________ scoring system leading to an Academic Performance Indicator in which
publishing is a part.

114
qualitative, trade

predatory, quantitative

rapacious, value

exalting, perfect

predacious, number

42) In India, numerous sites are set up to _____________ fake news with _____________ bait
headlines.

peddle, click

destroy, helpful

sell, press

excavate, vision

exterminate, view

43) Bankers said the _____________ on rating agencies make their own assessment more
important and going _____________ more weightage would be given to the same.

suspicions, backward

flair, ahead

doubts, forward

reservations, nether

call, up

44) _____________ Google and Facebook, as the largest platforms for content distribution, are
said to be _____________ systems that will filter fake news.

115
both, creating

Either, developing

Neither, facilitating

Each, viewing

Overall, bearing

45) There’s always the danger that if we take too long, warming will have _____________ to the
point where melting ice emits methane, creating yet more temperature _____________

amplified, stabilizes

dimished, increases

intensified, corners

increased, rises

remained, fuses

46) The Chairman of Syndicate Bank who was _____________ by the promoters of Bhushan
Steel was in jail for barely a few months and has not been _____________ as yet.

bribed, convicted

bought, convinced

stirred, hounded

taken, called

shocked, rounded

47) Claire Wardle categorized _____________ into seven categories, namely satire or
_____________ , misleading content, imposter content, fabricated content, false connection,
false content and manipulated content.

116
disinformation, news

paraphernalia, comedy

misinformation, parody

facts, virtual

rules, autobiography

48) Laughter has a strong social _____________ in bonding groups of people together and also
helps make the message more _____________ .

resolution, clear

mobility, harmful

intensity, plain

function, relatable

purview, smooth

49) Improvements to HR practices can help _____________ _____________ behavior like

frauds.

alleviate, benevolent

elevate, outrageous

mitigate, egregious

hasten, diminishable

diminish, pious

50) PSBs _____________ from a severe identity _____________ and require business, not just
financial restructuring.

117
suffer, crisis

offer, revolution

negate, control

prefer, makeover

bring, categorization

51) State governments have simply not given rules the necessary momentum, and the producers
of plastic articles that are _____________ used just for a few minutes have shown little
_____________ about their negative environmental impact.

regularly, assistance

invariably, concern

hardly, hope

habitually, support

rarely, makeover

52) All the _____________ functions including selection of bank chairpersons continue to be
_____________ by the Ministry of Finance.

governance, controlled

mundane, promoted

exploratory, facilitated

good, envisioned

important, overlooked

53) Currently, the maker _____________ systems require human _____________ and are
therefore prone to capture and corruption.

118
tracker, intimation

seeker, infusion

player, security

checker, intervention

marketer, guarantee

54) RBI lacks supervisory capacity to conduct forensic audits and this must be strengthened with
_____________ as well as _____________ resources.

male, female

discreet, conspicuous

human, technological

cash, kind

private, public

55) Unlike mainstream media that falls under _____________ regulation, online platforms have
scope for wrongdoing due to the lack of _____________ rules, and the ability to keep owners
and editors private like in the case of fake news sites.

inclusive, delicate

certain, socialite

comprehensive, binding

extensive, defamation

responsible, guiding

119
56) Related frauds amount to INR 612.6 billion in the last five financial years and governance
failures on account of _____________ and _____________ issues plague the banking
system.

males, females

hard, fast

micro, soft

integrity, competence

marketing, finance

57) It is best to be really clear that climate change _____________ to you, that you are personally
worried about it, and that you are asking your friends and family to help _____________ it
because you are scared.

important, out

looks, harm

communicates, purge

matters, address

points, clear

58) Social sector banks tend to man the business verticals with the brightest talent and less
_____________ staff in the inspection and _____________ roles.

skilled, future

competent, supervision

worse, work

120
experienced, futile

neutral, superior

59) The upcoming housing units in Maharashtra will increase residential building sector floor
space by approximately 100 million square metre and will generate higher carbon footprint,
posing _____________ environmental impacts if not constructed _____________ and
factoring occupants comfort.

undesirable, nicely

strong, timely

dverse, sustainably

quick, development

destructive, helpfully

60) SEBI believes that any move to transfer its _____________ funds to the Consolidated Fund
of India would mean the fees levied by SEBI on investors and traders would become a type
of additional tax, resulting in a perverse _____________ to increase the generation of such
revenue for the government.

surplus, incentive

excess, acquisition

access, encouragement

regular, rush

surfeit, embellishment

121
 ANSWERS:-

1b 2a 3d 4b 5a

SOLUTIONS:-

31) Correct Option: C

Change ‘are’ to ‘is’ because the subject ‘council of ministers’ is considered as one unit.
Hence, option C is correct.

32) Correct Option: C

Change ‘is’ to ‘has been’ to correct the error of tense to indicate that the damage has been
done in present perfect.
Hence, option C is correct.

33) Correct Option: C

Change ‘tend’ to ‘tends’ to correct the error of subject verb agreement. Because the subject
‘the perception of security’ is expressing one or singular idea.
Hence, option C is correct.

34) Correct Option: C

Delete ‘the’ before breakfast. Because before ‘meal’ article is not used except for a particular
purpose.
Hence, option C is correct.

122
35) Correct Option: D
Change ‘do not’ to ‘does not’ to correct the error in subject-verb agreement. Because the
subject is ‘Any coalition’ (singular).
Hence, option D is correct.

36) Correct Option: B

Use ‘went off’ to correct the error in phrasal verb. ‘went off’ means ‘taken place in the
specified way’.
Hence, option B is correct.

37) Correct Option: C

Use article ‘the’ before ‘farewell’, because farewell in this sentence is organized for the
outgoing principal. So it is particularized in the sentence.
Hence, option C is correct.

38) Correct Option: C

Add ‘a’ before dinner because it is a special dinner hosted on a special occasion. Article is
not usually used before a regular meal.
Hence, option C is correct.

39) Correct Option: A

Change ‘few’ to ‘a few’. Because ‘few’ has almost a negative meaning but when ‘only’ is
used before ‘few’, ‘a’ is used before ‘few’ to denote that number is very small but not
negative.
Hence, option A is correct.

40) Correct Option: A

123
In part (A) of the given sentence the use of 'After' before the perfect particile 'having failed' is
redundant or needless.

What is the perfect participle?

The perfect participle indicates completed action. You form the perfect participle by putting
the present participle having in front of the past participle.

Ex. having done, having finished, having read, having spoken = After doing, after finishing,
after reading, after speaking (respectively)

Some more examples :

Ex. Having attended the meeting, I went straight to Radhika's place. (Right)
Ex. After having attended the meeting, I went straight to Radhika's place. (Wrong)
Hence, option A is correct.

41) Correct Option: A

Correct sentence is:
She was asked to write a report about the meeting that she attended yesterday.
Hence, option A is correct.

42) Correct Option: D

In part D, 'to easy' must be replaced with the infinitive 'to ease' which means 'to make
something easy'.
Hence, option D is correct.

43) Correct Option: C

124
In part C, the noun 'institute' has to be in its plural form that is 'institutes' as the adjective
'many' before it suggests that there are more than one institute.
Hence, option C is correct.

44) Correct Option: B

In part B, the noun 'variety' must be replaced with the adjective 'various' as it is adding
information to the noun 'mistakes'.
Hence, option B is correct.

45) Correct Option: D

In part D, the possessive adjective 'one's' must be replaced with 'his' to make it a
grammatically correct sentence.
Rule: A possessive adjective has to be in agreement with the noun or pronoun it is relating to.
Ex. We must do our work in time.
Ex. One should respect one's parents.
Ex. Tani always blows her top.
Ex. Vibhor asks him his name.
Hence, option D is correct.

46) Correct Option: D

In part D, the noun 'premise' which means 'an idea' must be replaced with 'premises' which
means 'land or buildings' to make it a grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, option D is correct

47) Correct Option: B

The idiom 'To suffer from something' means to endure or experience unpleasantness, a
disease, or a health condition.
Ex. Varun is suffering from the flu.

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In part B, the preposition 'for' hence must be replaced with 'from' to make it a grammatically
correct sentence.
Note: There's no error in part C as 'attending to' means 'to dealing with'.
Hence, option B is correct.

48) Correct Option: A

In part A, the preposition 'to' after the verb 'directed' must be dropped to make it a
grammatically correct sentence.
'To direct someone' means 'to give directions to somone'.
Ex. I directed my friend not to drink too much at the party.
Hence, option A is correct.

49) Correct Option: D

In part D, the verb 'make' must be replaced with 'makes' as the subject before it 'large human
capital' is singular in number.
Hence, option D is correct.

50) Correct Option: B

In part B, the preposition 'in' must be replaced with 'with' to make it a grammatically correct
sentence.

Meaning: If you are busy with something, you are busy dealing with it.
Hence, option B is correct.

51) Correct Option: C

In part C, the verb 'attract' must be replaced with its singular form 'attracts' as the subject 'a
glorious tradition' is singular in number and the verb used has to be in agreement with it.
Hence, optiion C is correct.

126
52) Correct Option: E
The sentence is absolutely correct and thus has no error in it.
Option E is hence the correct answer.

53) Correct Option: A

In part A, the verb 'buy' must be replaced with its gerund form 'buying' to make it a
grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, option A is correct.

54) Correct Option: B

In part B, the auxiliary verb 'have' must be replaced with its past form 'had' to match the tense
of the sentence.
Hence, option B is correct.

55) Correct Option: B

The preposition 'despite', which means 'whithout being affected by', is never followed by 'of.
The preposition 'of' hence must be dropped to make it a grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, optioin B is correct.

56) Correct Option: B

In part B, the pronoun 'I' must be replaced with its accustaive form 'me' as it's one of the
objects in the sentence.
More examples:
Ex 1. She scolded Meera and me (not I) not to wear jackets.
Ex 2. The Director asked me (not I) where I was during the meeting.
Hence, option B is correct.

57) Correct Option: C

In part C, the preposition 'at' must be dropped to make it a grammatically correct sentence.

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'To regret' means to 'to feel sorry about something'.
Ex. Five years later she regrets having given up her home.
Hence, option C is correct.

58) Correct Option: C

In part C, the verb 'is having' must be replaced with 'has' to match the tense in the sentence.
The tense in the sentence is 'Simple Present' and not 'Present Continuous' and hence use of 'is
having' is erroneous in the context.
Hence, option C is correct.

59) Correct Option: D

In part D, the verb 'are' must be replaced with 'is' as the noun 'news' as the subject is singular
in number.
Hence, option D is correct.

60) Correct Option: D

In part D, the noun 'opportunity' must be replaced with its plural form 'opportunities' to make
it a grammatically correct sentence.
Hence, option D is correct.

SOLUTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS:-

31) Correct Option: B

The sentence tries to convey that the fee received is high enough to cover the operating
expenses of SEBI and it goes not need to ask for money from the government. In the context
of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "running" and
"funding". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore,
options A, C, D and E are eliminated.
Option B is hence the correct answer.

128
32) Correct Option: B
The word “provocative” indicates that the adjectives filling both the blanks would be
negative. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are
“inaccurate”, “erroneous” and “misleading”. Hence options A and D are eliminated.
However, the words “illuminating" and “gaming” are irrelevant to the context of this
sentence and are contextually incorrect. They cannot be placed in the second blank. This
eliminates options C and E as well. The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully
correct is “doctored” which means ‘changed the content or appearance of (a document or
picture) in order to deceive; falsified’.
Option B is hence the correct answer.

33) Correct Option: D

The term “collusion” refers to a secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy in order to deceive
others.

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "industry"
and "finance". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore,
options A, B, C and E are eliminated. The collusion between industry and finance refers to
businessmen misusing the loans taken from banks with full knowledge of the bank.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

34) Correct Option: C

The first blank refers to the ‘stipulations’ of the “Plastic Waste Management rules”. In the
context of the sentence, the words that are suitable for the first blank are “conditions” and
“provisions”. Hence options B, D and E are eliminated.

The use of the words “but this has not stopped” before the second blank shows that it has to
be something negative. The word “authentic" has a positive tone and is unsuitable for the
context of this sentence. This eliminates options A as well. The only word that makes the
sentence meaningfully correct is “counterfeit” which means ‘made in exact imitation of
something valuable with the intention to deceive or defraud’.

129
Option C is hence the correct answer.

35) Correct Option: A

The sentence conveys that a huge number of news portals are being set up because it is less
difficult to enter this space as compared to traditional media. In the context of the sentence,
the only appropriate combination of words is that of "umpteen" and "barriers". All other
options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options B, C, D and E
are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

36) Correct Option: D

In the context of the sentence, "ideal" or "excellent" can fit the first blank and this eliminates
options B, D and E. Further, option C could have been considered if the given choice for the
second blank was “knowledgeable” instead of knowledge. Thus, option C gets eliminated as
well. The suitable word for the second blank is “interested”.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

37) Correct Option: C

The word “regulation” after the first blank indicates that the word describes the type of
regulation the “mainstream media” falls under. In the context of the sentence, the words
which are suitable for the first blank are “inclusive”, “comprehensive” and “extensive”.
Hence options B and E are eliminated.

The word “lack” before the second blank and “rules” after it shows that it has to be the
opposite of the type of rules faced by the mainstream media. The only word that makes the
sentence meaningfully correct is “binding” which means ‘involving an obligation that cannot
be broken’. The words “delicate" and “defamation” are irrelevant to the context of this
sentence. This eliminates options A and D as well.

130
Option C is hence the correct answer.

38) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, the only combination of words that is suitable for the first and
second blank are “finance” and “relatively” respectively. All other options are incorrect either
contextually or grammatically. The clue in this sentence is given by “financial world”.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

39) Correct Option: B

The first blank refers to something that is related to “loan” but the detection of which would
lead to “penalties”. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first
blank are “nonpayment”, “defaults” and “evasion”. Hence options C and E are eliminated.

The second blank indicated that penalties need to be given out when required. The only word
that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “meted” out which means ‘to give or order a
punishment or make someone receive cruel or unfair treatment’. The words “forced" and
“taken” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A and D as well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

40) Correct Option: C

“Lower spending” and “slowdown in rural growth” indicate that the growth of FMCG sector
is diminishing due to decrease in consumption. In the context of the sentence, the only
appropriate combination of words is that of "declining" and "crimp". All other options are
either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options A, B, D and E are
eliminated.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

41) Correct Option: B

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The word “problem” before the first blank indicates that it is something ‘negative’ in nature.
In the context of the sentence, the words that are suitable for the first blank are “predatory”,
“rapacious” and “predacious” all of which mean ‘greedy’. Hence options A and D are
eliminated.

“Scoring system” after the second blank shows that it has to describe the scoring system as
‘measurable’ The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “quantitative”.
The words “value" and “number” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This
eliminates options C and E as well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

42) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, "peddle" or "sell" can fit the first blank and this eliminates
options B, D and E. Further, as numerous sites are set up to distribute fake news with catchy
titles, "click" is the most appropriate choice for the second blank. “Click bait” titles refer to
content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to
a particular web page. Thus, option C gets eliminated as well.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

43) Correct Option: C

Bankers would have to consider their own assessment methods to be more important only if
the rating agencies dedicated for this job have developed a bad reputation. In the context of
the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are “suspicions”, “doubts” and
“reservations”. Hence options B and E are eliminated.

Out of the remaining choices, the only word that fits in the second blank and makes the
sentence meaningfully correct is “forward”. The phrase “going forward” means ‘moving into
the future’. The words “backward" and “nether” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence.
This eliminates options A and D as well.

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Option C is hence the correct answer.

44) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "both"
and "creating". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect.
Therefore, options B, C, D and E are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

45) Correct Option: D

The first blank describes that state of “warming” where “melting ice emits methane”. In the
context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are “amplified”,
“intensified” and “increased”. Hence options B and E are eliminated.

The second blank is a continuation of the effects of high temperature. The only word that
makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “rises”. The words “stabilizes" and “corners” are
irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A and C as well.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

46) Correct Option: A

The sentence refers to the chairman going to “jail”. In the context of the sentence, the only
appropriate combination of words is that of "jail" and "convicted". All other options are either
grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

47) Correct Option: C

The examples of the “seven categories” mentioned in the sentence are all negative indicating
that the first blank is something ‘negative’ in nature. In the context of the sentence, the words

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that are suitable for the first blank are “disinformation” and “misinformation”. Hence options
B, D and E are eliminated.

The second blank has to have a word whose meaning is similar to “satire”. The only word
that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “parody” which means ‘an imitation of the
style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect’. The
words “news" is irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A as well.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

48) Correct Option: D

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "function"
and "relatable". All other options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect.
Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

49) Correct Option: C

The word “help” before the first blank indicates that the word in the first blank will have a
positive effect. But we are unable to eliminate any options before having a look at the second
blank.

The second blank is followed by the words “behaviour like frauds”. This shows that the word
in the blank is negative word which describes such fraudulent behaviour.

Now we combine these two pieces of information. In the context of the sentence, the words
which are suitable for the first blank are “allievate”, “mitigate” and “diminish” all of which
mean ‘reduce’. Hence options B and D are eliminated. As for the second blank, the only word
that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “egregious” which means ‘outstandingly bad;
shocking’. The words “benevolent" and “pious” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence.
This eliminates options A and E as well.

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Option C is hence the correct answer

50) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "suffer"
and "crisis". This makes the sentence meaningfully correct. All other options are either
grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

51) Correct Option: B

The word “used” after the first blank indicates that it is regarding the nature of use of the
plastic articles. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank
are “regularly”, “invariably” and “habitually”. Hence options C and E are eliminated.

The second blank is regarding the “negative environmental impact” of the plastic bag. The
only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “concern” indicating that the
producers are hardly worried about the impact of plastic. The words “assistance" and
“support” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates options A and D as
well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

52) Correct Option: A

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of
"governance" and "controlled". This makes the sentence meaningfully correct. All other
options are either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options B, C, D and E
are eliminated.

Option A is hence the correct answer.

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53) Correct Option: D
In the context of the sentence, the only combination of words that lead to a meaningful
sentence is "checker" and "intervention".

Maker-checker is one of the central principles of authorization in the information systems of

financial organizations. The principle of maker and checker means that for each transaction,
there must be at least two individuals necessary for its completion.

All other options are incorrect either contextually or grammatically. Therefore, options A, B,
C and E are eliminated.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

54) Correct Option: C

In the context of the sentence, the only appropriate combination of words is that of "human"
and "technological". This makes the sentence meaningfully correct. All other options are
either grammatically or contextually incorrect. Therefore, options B, C, D and E are
eliminated.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

55) Correct Option: C

The word “regulation” after the first blank indicates that the word describes the type of
regulation the “mainstream media” falls under. In the context of the sentence, the words
which are suitable for the first blank are “inclusive”, “comprehensive” and “extensive”.
Hence options B and E are eliminated.

“Lack of” before the second blank and “rules” after it shows that it has to be the opposite of
the type of rules faced by the mainstream media. The only word that makes the sentence
meaningfully correct is “binding” which means ‘involving an obligation that cannot be
broken’. The words “delicate" and “defamation” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence.
This eliminates options A and D as well.

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Option C is hence the correct answer.

56) Correct Option: D

The sentence tries to convey that the banking system is “plagued” or ‘infected’ with problems
such as “frauds” and incapability and inefficiency of the government.

“Failures on account of” before the blanks indicate that the words occupying the blank must
be positive so that the whole expression can become negative. In the context of the sentence,
the only combination of words that lead to a meaningful sentence is "integrity" and
"competence". All other options are incorrect either contextually or grammatically.

“Integrity” is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. “Competence”
is the ability to do something successfully or efficiently.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

57) Correct Option: D

In the context of the sentence, the only combination of words that lead to a meaningful
sentence is "matters" and "address". All other options are incorrect either contextually or
grammatically. Option A would have been considered if the helping verb “is” was present
before the first blank. The other options make the statement contextually inappropriate.
Therefore, options A, B, C and E are eliminated.

Option D is hence the correct answer.

58) Correct Option: B

The sentence says that the “brightest” talents are already employed in the business verticals
of the social sector banks. Therefore, the first blank refers to the remaining less ‘capable’
employees. In the context of the sentence, the words which are suitable for the first blank are
“skilled”, “competent” and “experienced”. Hence options C and E are eliminated.

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The word “inspection” and the second blank are joined by “and” and describe the “roles” of
the staff. The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “supervision”. The
words “future" and “futile” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This eliminates
options A and D as well.

Option B is hence the correct answer.

59) Correct Option: C

The word "posing" reflects a tone of 'negative effect' and hence only "undesirable", “adverse”
and "destructive” would fit the blank. Options B and D lack this reasoning and can be
eliminated.

Sustainable development means utilizing resources today in a manner that does not harm the
future generations. The construction of residential buildings will leave a huge carbon
footprint and should be done in an efficient way that does not have negative impacts in
future. The adverb "sustainably" would fit the blank aptly. “Nicely” and “helpfully do not
convey the meaning properly and hence options A and E can also be eliminated.

Option C is hence the correct answer.

60) Correct Option: A

The word “funds” after the first blank indicates that the word describes the type of funds that
might be transferred to the Consolidated Fund of India. In the context of the sentence, the
words which are suitable for the first blank are “surplus”, “excess” and “surfeit”. Hence
options C and D are eliminated.

The second blank refers to the motivation “to increase the generation” of fees levied by SEBI
on to investors as this would also act as revenue for the government if the funds are
transferred. The only word that makes the sentence meaningfully correct is “incentive” which
means ‘a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something’. The words
“acquisition" and “embellishment” are irrelevant to the context of this sentence. This
eliminates options B and E as well.

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Option A is hence the correct answer.

Double fillers

1. The teacher must __________. The unique style of a learner in order to __________ it to the
desired knowledge.

(a)advocate, direct (b)perpetuate, develop (c) appreciate, focus (d) absorbs, maintain
(e)discover, harness

2. Not all countries benefit __________ from liberalisation. The benefits tend to __________
first to the advantaged and to those with the right education to be able to benefit from the
opportunities presented.

(a)equally, generate (b)richly, downgrade (c)suitably, ascribe (d) uniformly, percolate (e)
Judiciously facilitate

3. He has __________ sense of words. Therefore, the sentence he constructs are always
__________ with rich meaning.

(a)profound, pregnant (b)distinguished, loaded (c)terrific, tempted (d)meaningful, full

(e)outstanding, consistent

4. He was an __________ musician, had been awarded the George Medal during the second
world war and __________ with the title of Rai Bahadur.

(a)outstanding, popularise (b)underestimated, declared (c)accomplished, honoured

(d)impressive, assigned (e)obdurate, proclaimed

5. Whether it be shallow or not, commitment is the __________ the __________ bedrock of

any loving relationship.

(a) expression, perfunctory (b) foundation, genuinely (c)manifestation, deep (d)key, alarmingly
(e)basis, absorbing

6. Many people take spirituality very seriously and __________ about those who don’t
worrying about them and __________ them to believe

(a)think, criticising (b)pride, appraising (c)rationalise, enabling (d)wonder, prodding

(e)ponders, venturing

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7. Unless new reserves are found soon the world’s supply of coal is being __________ in such
a way that with demand continuing to grow at present rates, reserves will be __________ by
the year 2050 (a) consumed, completed (b) depleted, exhausted (c) reduced, argument (d)burnt,
destroyed (e)utilized, perished

8. If you are a __________ you tend to respond to stressful situations, in a calm, secure, steady
and __________ way.

(a)resilient, rational (b)obdurate, manageable (c)propitious, stable (d)delectable, . flexible (e)

supportive, positive

9. Management can be defined as the process of __________ organizational goals by working

with and through human and nonhuman resources to __________ improve value added to the
world.

(a) getting, deliberately (b)managing, purposefully (c)targeting, critically (d)realizing,

dialectically (e)reaching, continuously

10. If you are an introvert, you __________ to prefer working alone and, if possible, will
__________. towards projects where you can work by yourself or with as few people as
possible.

(a) like, depart (b) advocate, move (c)tend, gravitate (d) express, attract (e) feel, follow

11. The __________ playing of loud music has led the angry residents of this vicinity to file a
police complaint and move court against the organisers lack of __________ for the peoples
need for a peaceful neighbourhood.

(a)peaceful, thought (b)abrupt, hope (c)incessant, consideration (d)fashionable, friendliness

(e)intermittent, interpretation

12. The __________ of the chronic balance of payments deficit which has __________ the
Finance Ministry under three Prime Ministers is very real.

(a)temptation, reviled (b)understanding, menaced (c)impact, underestimated (d)obligation,

blessed (e)dilemma, plagued

13. Britain for the present, is deeply __________ in economic troubles, and the economic
future, heavily __________ looks uncertain.

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(a)engrossed, responsive (b)ingrained, sceptical (c)saturate, enveloped (d)mired, mortgaged
(e)restrained, participative

14. Belief that, the free __________ of ideas, people and cultures is essential to the __________
of a democratic society.

(a)selection, concurrence (b)interchange, preservation (c)reversal, upholding (d)dissemination,

congruence (e)distinction, design

15. As this country has become more __________ industrial and inter nationalised, it has like
all Western democracies, experienced a necessary increase in the __________ of the executive.
(a)urbanized, role (b)objective, wealth (c)synthesized, efficiency (d)civilized, convenience
(e)concretized, vision

16. More is __________. of conditions of the tribe’s in Maharashtra than __________

conditions of those in the other parts of the country.

(a)certain, the (b)knows, of (c) aware, of (d)favourably, those (e)uncertain, all

17. Although __________ is not a very desirable feeling, we need a certain amount of it to
__________ well.

(a)anxiety, exist (b)grief, enjoy (c) impatience, preach (d)anger, define (e)jealousy, bad

18. Although he is a__________ person, he occasionally loses his __________

(a) quiet, power (b)cheerful, grief (c) balanced, temper (d)thoughtful, anxiety (e)generous,
wealthy 19. In a __________ tone me leaner made a powerful __________to the mob.

(a)realistic, zeal (b) lower, conviction (c) loud, argument (d)soft, appeal (e) pitch, statement

20. The tunnel was so __________ and congested, that we became __________

(a)long, enthusiastic (b)deep, cautious (c)dark, Frightened (d) crowded, isolated (e)sharp,
worried

21. __________ the activities of moneylenders could have an adverse impact on those who
__________ access to bank credit.

(a)encouraging, enjoying (b)permitting, denied (c)confining, entitled (d)promoting, benefit

(e)curbing, lack.

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22. The budget announced substantial __________ off to critical sectors like education and
healthcare.

(a)expenditure, capital (b)sanction, initiative (c)allotment, security (d)disbursement,

investment (e)allocation, resources

23. The government has decided not to make any changes in the country’s tax __________.

(a)sweeping, regime (b)transparent, hike (c)drastically, net (d)constitutional, revenue

(e)existing, structure

24. The RBI has __________ a statement that the implementation of KYC, norms should not
lead to the denial of banking __________ to customers.

(a)released, asset (b)issued, services (c)drafted, clearing (d)made, tariff, (e)notified transaction

25. The new scheme __________ all persons with disabilities defined __________ the
Disabilities Act.

(a)discriminates, according (b)recognizes, beneath (c)profits, within (d)covers, under

(e)promises, by

26. To avoid __________ there is a need for __________ planning of the project.

(a)cancellation, broad (b)problem, deliberate (c)pitfalls, systematic (d)inconvenience,

convenient (e)losses, temporary

27. A good management will decide not only the __________ for equipment but also its
__________ for deciding priorities.

(a)need, urgency (b)usefulness, utility (c)cost, value (d)requirement, necessities (e)technology,

methodology

28. __________ appears to be a small error in the beginning may turn out to be a __________
in the long run.

(a)It, disaster (b)What, blunder (c)That, debacle (d)It, slip (e)What, incident

29. Being very__________in nature, he always uses his __________ skills.

(a)adamant, soft (b)polite, basic (c)humble, experimental (d)pushy, persuasive (e)mild,

aggressive

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30. Demand and supply do not __________ the same relationship as the one that __________
between height and weight.

(a)possess, has (b) Incur, is (c)defend, volunteers (d)bear, borne (e)have, exists

Answers

1. c

2. a

3. a

4. c

5. b

6. d

7. b

8. a

9. e

10. c

11. c

12. e

13. b

14. b

15. a

16. b

17. b

18. c

19. d

20. c

21. e

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22. d

23. a

24. b

25. d

26. c

27. a

28. b

29. e

30. d

Synonyms

 Which of these words is closest in meaning to the word provided?

1. remote

a. automatic b. distant c. savage d. mean

2. detest

a. argues b. hate c. discover d. reveal

3. gracious a. pretty b. clever c. pleasant d. present

4. predict

a. foretells b. decide c. prevent d. discover

5. kin

a. exults b. twist c. friend d. relative

6. pensive

a. oppressed b. caged c. thoughtful d. happy

7. banish

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a. exile b. hate c. fade d. clean

8. fraud

a. malcontent b. argument c. imposter d. clown

9. saccharine

a. leave b. sweet c. arid d. quit

10. drag

a. sleepy b. crush c. proud d. pull

11.Jovial
a. incredulous b. merry c. revolting d. dizzy

12. indifferent

a. neutral b. unkind c. precious d. mean

13. simulate

a. excites b. imitate c. trick d. apelike

14. charisma

a. ghost b. force c. charm d. courage

15. apportion

a. divide b. decides c. cut d. squabble

16. generic

a. general b. cheap c. fresh d. elderly

17. qualm

a. distress b. impunity c. perseveres d. scruple

18. wary

a. calm b. curved c. confused d. cautious

19. distort

a. wrong b. evil c. deforms d. harm

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20. sumptuous

a. delirious b. gorgeous c. perilous d. luxurious

21. reel

a. whirl b. fish c. hit d. mistake

22. inscrutable

a. difficult b. mysterious c. inflexible d. wary

23. appal

a. delirious b. covered c. dismay d. confuses

24. upright

a. honourable b. horizontal c. humble d. supine

25. reverie

a. palimpsest b. phantom c. daydream d. curio

26. loot

a. destruction b. waste c. spoils d. cavorts

27. loquacious

a. talkative b. thirsty c. beautiful d. complicated

28. chimera

a. chimney b. protest c. illusion d. panache

29. temerity

a. audacity b. fearfulness c. shyness d. stupidity

30. educe

a. demand b. elicits c. ideal d. unlawful

31. nabob

a. bigwig b. doubter c. frolic d. converse

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32. pall

a. light b. satiate c. carry d. horror

33. sacrosanct

a. prayer b. sanctuary c. pious d. sacred

sacrosanct a. prayer b. sanctuary c. pious d. sacred

34. louche

a. gauche b. fine c. brilliant d. indecent

35. stentorian

a. violent b. misbegotten c. loud d. stealthy

 Select the word that most nearly means the word provided.

36.. modest most nearly means

a. attractive b. clever c. current d. humble

37. custom most nearly means

a. dessert b. habit c. ethic d. deliver

38. prolong most nearly means

a. extends b. inquire c. relax d. wait

39. hustle most nearly means

a. dance b. hurry c. busy d. clean

40. solemn most nearly means

a. amusing b. harmful c. speech d. serious

41. imply most nearly means

a. suggests b. stab c. thick d. destroy.

42. ramble most nearly means

a. knot b. confuses c. wander d. wonder

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43. beneficial most nearly means

a. help b. advantageous c. charity d. wise

44. flare most nearly means

a. judicial b. temper c. style d. blaze

45. negligent most nearly means

a. pajamas b. morbid c. careless d. dark

46. aloof most nearly means

a. above b. tidy c. clever d. reserved

47. resolve most nearly means

a. turn b. puzzle c. decides d. want

48. congregate most nearly means

a. worship b. gathers c. disturbs d. hurry

49. utter most nearly means

a. express b. defers c. borrow d. laugh

50. fearless most nearly means

a. powerful b. cowardly c. brave d. careful

51. negligible most nearly means

a. insignificant b. arguable c. careless d. dark

52. placid most nearly means

a. calm b. lazy c. solemn d. devious

53. rake most nearly means

a. thin b. scoundrel c. gentleman d. shovel

54. dupe most nearly means

a. rancher b. trick c. simpleton d. drug

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55. stigma most nearly means

a. stain b. trial c. difficulty d. holiness

56. reside most nearly means

a. Remain b. home c. dwell d. sediment

57. covetous most nearly means

a. quiet b. sneaky c. lurking d. greedy

58. abide most nearly means

a. Endure b. hate c. attendance d. live

59. shrewd most nearly means

a. intractable b. mean c. astute d. intelligent

60. fetter most nearly means

a. rancid b. praise c. hamper d. persists

61. flagrant most nearly means

a. vibrant b. glaring c. vicious d. pleasant

62. mitigate most nearly means

a. Relieve b. blend c. Defend d. confuse

63. rail most nearly means

a. scold b. push c. Try d. punish

64. meld most nearly means

a. character b. distinction c. blend d. firmness

65. rally most nearly means

a. Demonstrate b. muster c. course d. truly

66. abject most nearly means

a. indigent b. desire c. despondent d. extreme

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67. bespoke most nearly means

a. gentle b. quiet c. tailored d. handsome

68. diffident most nearly means

a. apathetic b. shy c. arrogant d. quarrelsome

69. proffer most nearly means

a. mendicant b. wastrel c. Predict d. tender

70. mordant most nearly means

a. dead b. gruesome c. fetid d. caustic

71. churlish most nearly means

a. childish b. boorish c. tempestuous d. disorderly

72. antediluvian most nearly means

a. antiquated b. parched c. non-sectarian d. nonsensical

73. picayune most nearly means

a. petty b. spicy c. paltry d. southern

74. smite most nearly means

a. Flee b. speck c. dirt d. strike

75. winnow most nearly means

a. Carve b. wind c. weed d. carry

 Which of these words most nearly means the word provided?

76. deplete

a. decorates b. beg c. exhaust d. hurry

77. voluntary

a. willing b. charity c. prisoner d. careless

78. refute

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a. garbage b. denies c. offer d. difficult

79. cheat

a. stingy b. argues c. freckle d. defraud

80. miserable

a. cruel b. wrong c. unhappy d. miss

Answers

1. b. remote means faraway, or distant

2. b. to detest means to feel intense or violent dislike, or to hate

3. c. gracious means to be pleasant or considerate in social interactions

4. a. to predict means to declare in advance or to foretell

5. d. kin means people with common ancestors, or relatives

6. c. pensive means moodily or dreamily thoughtful

7. a. to banish means to drive out from home or country, or to exile

8. c. a fraud is someone who is not what he or she pretends to be, or an imposter

9. b. saccharine means overly sweet

10. d. to drag is to pull, or to cause movement in a direction with applied force

11. b. jovial means good humoured or merry

12. a. to be indifferent is to be marked by impartiality or to be neutral

13. b. to simulate is to assume the outward appearance of, or to imitate

14. c. charisma is magnetic charm or appeal

15. a. to apportion is to divide and share out

16. a. generic means having the characteristic of a whole group, or general

17. d. a qualm is a feeling of uneasiness about a moral issue, or a scruple

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18. d. wary means to be attentive especially to danger, or to be cautious

19. c. to distort means to twist out of a normal state, or to deform

20. d. sumptuous means excessively costly, rich, or luxurious

21. a. one meaning of reel is to move round and round, or to whirl

22. b. inscrutable means not easily interpreted or understood, or mysterious

23. c. to appeal is to overcome with shock, or to dismay

24. a. upright can mean either honourable or vertical; horizontal and supine are both antonyms
of upright

25. c. a reverie means the state of being lost in thought, or a daydream

26. c. loot means goods seized in war, or spoils

27. a. loquacious means excessively talkative, or garrulous

28. c. a chimera is a fabrication of the mind, or an illusion

29. a. temerity means unreasonable contempt for danger or recklessness, or audacity

30. b. to reduce means to develop something potential or latent; to elicit means to draw out
something hidden or latent

31. a. a nabob is a person of great wealth or importance, or a bigwig

32. b. to pall can mean to deprive of pleasure in something by satiating

33. d. sacrosanct means the most sacred, or holy

34. d. louche means not reputable, or indecent

35. c. stentorian means loud and is usually used to imply a voice of great power and range

36. d. modest means to be free of conceit or pretension, or humble

37. b. a custom means a long-established practice, or a habit

38. a. to prolong means to lengthen in time, or to extend

39. b. to hustle means to hurry

40. d. solemn means marked by grave sobriety, or serious

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41. a. to imply means to express indirectly, or to suggest

42. c. to ramble means to move aimlessly from place to place, or to wander

43. b. beneficial means causing benefit, or advantageous

44. d. flare means a fire or blaze used to signal; flair means talent or style

45. c. negligent means marked by neglect, or careless

46. d. aloof means distant in feeling, or reserved

47. c. one meaning of resolve is to decide, often to stop from doing something

48. b. to congregate means to gather in a group

49. a. to utter means to express in words

50. c. fearless means lacking fear, or brave

51. a. negligible means so small or insignificant as to deserve little attention

52. a. placid means free of disturbance, or calm

53. b. a rake is a dissolute person, or a scoundrel

54. b. to dupe means to deceive or to trick

55. a. stigma means a mark of shame or discredit, or a stain

56. c. to reside means to occupy a place as one’s home, or to dwell

57. d. covetous means having an inordinate desire for wealth, or greedy

58. a. to abide means to endure without yielding, or to withstand

59. c. shrewd means marked by clever awareness, or astute

60. c. to fetter means to hamper, or to restrain

61. b. flagrant means obviously wrong or immoral; glaring means painfully obvious

62. a. mitigate means to make less severe or painful, or to relieve

63. a. to rail means to scold in harsh, abusive language

64. c. to meld means to merge or to blend

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65. b. to rally means to arouse for action, or to muster

66. c. abject means cast down in spirit, or utterly hopeless; despondent means having lost all
hope

67. c. bespoke means custom-made; tailored also means custom-made

68. b. diffident means shy or lacking in confidence

69. d. to proffer means to put something forward for acceptance, or to tender

70. d. mordant means biting or caustic in means or speech

71. b. churlish means resembling an ill-bred or vulgar person, or boorish

72. a. antediluvian means so ancient that it could have come before the time of the flood and
Noah’s ark, or antiquated

73. c. picayune means trivial or of little value; paltry means trivial or merger

74. d. smite means to strike heavily especially with the hand

75. c. to winnow means to sift or get rid of, like weed, it is often used with “out’

76. c. deplete means to reduce or deprive or something essential; exhaust means to empty
completely

77. a. voluntary means done by one’s own will, or willing

78. b. to refute means to prove wrong, or to deny the truth of

79. d. to cheat means to influence by means of trickery, or to defraud

80. c. miserable means in a state of distress or unhappiness

EXERCISE ON DOUBLE FILLERS:

1. The teacher must __________. The unique style of a learner in order to __________ it to
the desired knowledge.
(a)advocate, direct
(b)perpetuate, develop
(c) appreciate, focus
(d) absorb, maintain
(e)discover, harness

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2. Not all countries benefit __________ from liberalisation. The benefits tend to __________
first to the advantaged and to those with the right education to be able to benefit from the
opportunities presented.
(a)equally, generate
(b)richly, downgrade
(c)suitably, ascribe
(d) uniformly, percolate
(e) Judiciously facilitate
3. He has __________ sense of words. Therefore, the sentence he constructs are always
__________ with rich meaning.
(a)profound, pregnant
(b)distinguished, loaded
(c)terrific, tempted
(d)meaningful, full
(e)outstanding, consistent
4. He was an __________ musician, had been awarded the George Medal during the second
world war and __________ with the title of Rai Bahadur.
(a)outstanding,popularise
(b)underestimated, declared
(c)accomplished, honored
(d)impressive, assigned
(e)obdurate, proclaimed
5. Whether it be shallow or not, commitment is the __________ the __________ bedrock of
any loving relationship.
(a) expression, perfunctory
(b) foundation, genuinely
(c)manifestation, deep
(d)key, alarmingly
(e)basis, absorbing
6. Many people take spirituality very seriously and __________ about those who don’t
worrying about them and __________ them to believe
(a)think, criticising
(b)pride, appraising
(c)rationalise,enabling
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(d)wonder, prodding
(e)ponder, venturing
7. Unless new reserves are found soon the worlds supply of coal is being __________ in such
a way that with demand continuing to grow at present rates, reserves will be __________ by
the year 2050 (a) consumed, completed
(b) depleted, exhausted
(c) reduced, argument
(d)burnt, destroyed
(e)utilized, perished
8. If you are a __________ you tend to respond to stressful situations, in a calm, secure,
steady and __________ way.
(a)resilient, rational
(b)obdurate, manageable
(c)propitious, stable
(d)delectable, . flexible
(e) supportive, positive
9. Management can be defined as the process of __________ organizational goals by
working with and through human and nonhuman resources to __________ improve value
added to the world.
(a) getting, deliberately
(b)managing,. Purposefully
(c)targeting,. Critically
(d)realizing, dialectically
(e)reaching, continuously
10. If you are an introvert, you __________ to prefer working alone and, if possible, will
__________. towards projects where you can work by yourself or with as few people as
possible.
(a) like, depart
(b) advocate, move
(c)tend, gravitate
(d) express, attract
(e) feel, follow

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11. The __________ playing of loud music has led the angry residents of this vicinity to file
a police complaint and move court against the organisers lack of __________ for the peoples
need for a peaceful neighborhood.
(a)peaceful, thought
(b)abrupt, hope
(c)incessant, consideration
(d)fashionable, friendliness
(e)intermittent, interpretation
12. The __________ of the chronic balance of payments deficit which has __________ the
Finance Ministry under three Prime Ministers is very real.
(a)temptation, reviled
(b)understanding, menaced
(c)impact, underestimated
(d)obligation, blessed
(e)dilemma, plagued
13. Britain for the present, is deeply __________ in economic troubles, and the economic
future, heavily __________ looks uncertain.
(a)engrossed, responsive
(b)ingrained, skeptical
(c)saturate, enveloped
(d)mired, mortgaged
(e)restrained, participative
14. Belief that, the free __________ of ideas, people and cultures is essential to the
__________ of a democratic society.
(a)selection, concurrence
(b)interchange, preservation
(c)reversal, upholding
(d)dissemination, congruence
(e)distinction, design
15. As this country has become more __________ industrial and inter nationalised, it has like
all Western democracies, experienced a necessary increase in the __________ of the
executive. (a)urbanized, role
(b)objective, wealth
(c)synthesized, efficiency
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(d)civilized, convenience
(e)concretized, vision
16. More is __________. of conditions of the tribal’s in Maharashtra than __________
conditions of those in the other parts of the country.
(a)certain,the
(b)known,,of
(c) aware, of
(d)favorable,,those
(e)uncertain,,all
17. Although __________ is not a very desirable feeling, We need a certain amount of it to
__________ well.
(a)anxiety, exist
(b)grief, enjoy
(c) impatience, preach
(d)anger, define
(e)jealousy, bad
18. Although he is a__________ person, he occasionally loses his __________
(a) quiet, power
(b)cheerful, grief
(c) balanced, temper
(d)thoughtful, anxiety
(e)generous, wealthy
19. In a __________ tone me leaner made a powerful __________to the mob.
(a)realistic, zeal
(b) lower, conviction
(c) loud, argument
(d)soft, appeal
(e) pitch, statement
20. The tunnel was so __________ and congested, that we became __________
(a)long, enthusiastic
(b)deep, cautious
(c)dark,.frightened
(d) crowded, isolated
(e)sharp, worried
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21. __________ the activities of moneylenders could have an adverse impact on those who
__________ access to bank credit.
(a)encouraging, enjoying
(b)permitting, denied
(c)confining, entitled
(d)promoting, benefit
(e)curbing, lack .
22. The budget announced substantial __________ of to critical sectors like education and
healthcare.
(a)expenditure, capital
(b)sanction, initiative
(c)allotment, security
(d)disbursement, investment
(e)allocation, resources
23. The government has decided not to make any changes in the country’s tax __________ .
(a)sweeping, regime
(b)transparent, hike
(c)drastically, net
(d)constitutional, revenue
(e)existing, structure
24. The RBI has __________ a statement that the implementation of KYC , norms should
not lead to the denial of banking __________ to customers.
(a)released, asset
(b)issued, services
(c)drafted, clearing
(d)made, tariff,
(e)notified transaction
25. The new scheme __________ all persons with disabilities defined __________ the
Disabilities Act.
(a)discriminates, according
(b)recognizes, beneath
(c)profits, within
(d)covers, under
(e)promises, by
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26. To avoid __________ there is a need for __________ planning of the project.
(a)cancellation, broad
(b)problem, deliberate
(c)pitfalls, systematic
(d)inconvenience, convenient
(e)losses, temporary
27. A good management will decide not only the __________ for equipment but also its
__________ for deciding priorities.
(a)need, urgency
(b)usefulness, utility
(c)cost, value
(d)requirement, necessities
(e)technology, methodology
28. __________ appears to be a small error in the beginning may turn out to be a __________
in the long run
. (a)It, disaster
(b)What, blunder
(c)That, debacle
(d)It, slip
(e)What, incident
29. Being very__________in nature, he always uses his __________ skills.
(a)adamant, soft
(b)polite, basic
(c)humble, experimental
(d)pushy, persuasive
(e)mild, aggressive
30. Demand and supply do not __________ the same relationship as the one that __________
between height and weight.
(a)possess, has
(b) Incur, is
(c)defend, volunteers
(d)bear, borne
(e)have, exists

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31. If the system __________ to yield the desired result, try to__________ the whole
procedure in the given sequence.
(a)entitles, dump
(b)Ignores, reproduce
(c)fails, reoperate
(d)Imitates, generate
(e)equips, encompass
32. He is so __________ in his approach that not a single point ever __________ his
attention. (a) meticulous, escapes
(b)casual, erodes (c)fanatic, brings
(d)deliberate, attracts (e)nasty, coincides
33. Generally, __________ students __________ those who are mediocre.
(a)humble, surmount
(b)meritorious, surpass
(c)bright, overestimate
(d)intelligent, surrender
(e)studious, respect
34. __________ and__________ should not be tolerated In our country which boasts of
Ahimsa as its way of life.
(a)Politicking, elections
(b)Dishonor, efficiency
(c)Lethargy, procrastination
(d)Nepotism, selfishness
(e)Hatred, violence
35. He __________a wrong act because it was __________ for him to do so due to
circumstantial forces.
(a)compelled, necessary
(b)refused, dangerous
(c)did, avoidable
(d)committed, inevitable
(e)simplified, harmful
36. Many teachers __________ the lack of professional freedom as the __________ for
leaving the job.
(a)cited, reason
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(b)explained, force
(c)claimed, understanding
(d)argued, culprit
(e)believe, ground
37. Skeptics would not __________ that the earth actually moves, let alone that it
__________around the sun.
(a)permit, orbits
(b)accept, revolves
(c)experience, circles
(d)assume, went
(e)challenge, spins
38. Unpredictable __________ of the child could not lead the consultants to any __________
. (a)performance, setting
(b)belief, judgment
(c)operation, purpose
(d)behavior, conclusion
(e)react, decision
39. A public servant who is guilty will not __________ punishment and no __________
person will be punished.
(a)be, sincere
(b)flee, guilty
(c)defend, common
(d)avoid, uninformed
(e)escape, innocent
40. Few professions can __________ the sheer variety and constant __________ of being a
doctor. (a)like, struggle
(b)share, enthusiast
(c)match, challenge
(d)draw, workload
(e)justify, exception
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. b 8. a 9. e 10. c 11. c 12. e 13. b 14. b 15. a 16. b 17. b 18. c
19. d 20. c 21. e 22. d 23. a 24. b 25. d 26. c 27. a 28. b 29. e 30. d 31. c 32. a 33. e 34.
e 35. d 36. a 37. b 38. d 39. e 40. C
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 EXERCISE ON SPOT THE ERROR

1. If you have faith in Almighty (a) / everything will turn out (b) / to be all right. (c) / No
error (d)

2. According to the Bible (a) / it is meek and humble (b) / who shall inherit the earth. (c) / No
error (d)

3. I am not rich, (a) / so I cannot afford (b) / to buy a expensive car. (c) / No error (d)

4. No stronger (a) / a figure than his (b) / is prescribed in the history. (c) / No error (d)

5. As I was to reach (a) / Bangalore early I left in aeroplane (b) / instead of going by train.
(c)/ No error (d)

6. My father is (a) / in bad mood (b) / today. (c) / No error (d)

7. If a man diligently seeks to come into the contact (a) / with the best that has been thought
and said in this world (b) / he will become simple and selfish. (c) / No error (d)

8. With little patience (a) / you will be able to (b) / cross this hurdle. (c) / No error (d)

9. This town isn’t very well known (a) / and there isn’t much to see, (b) / so a few tourists
come here. (c) / No error (d)

10. The accelerating pace of life in our metropolitan city (a) / has had the tremendous effect
(b) / on the culture and life-style of the people. (c) / No error (d).

11. Both the civilians (a) / and armymen (b) / joined the second World War. (c) / No error (d)

12. The hospital is (a) / within hundred meters (b) / from my house. (c) / No error (d)

13. The famous Dr. Narayana (a) / is only Orthopedist (b) / in our village. (c) / No error (d)

14. This incumbent lacks (a) / an experience (b) / otherwise he is well qualified. (c) / No error
(d)

15. A person I met (a) / in the theatre (b) / was the actor himself. (c) / No error (d)

Answers with explanation:-

1. Correct Option : a. Add ‘the’ before ‘Almighty’.
2. Correct Option : b. Add ‘the’ before ‘meek’.

163
3. Correct Option : c. Replace ‘a’ by ‘an’.
4. Correct Option : C. Remove ‘the’
5. Correct Option : B. Add ‘an’ before ‘aeroplane’
6. Correct Option : B. Add ‘a’ before ‘bad mood’.
7. Correct Option : A. Remove ‘the’
8. Correct Option : A. Add ‘a’ before ‘little’
9. Correct Option : C. Remove ‘
10.Correct Option : B. Replace ‘the’ by ‘a’
11. Correct Option : B. Add ‘the’ before ‘armymen’.
12. Correct Option : B. Add ‘a’ before ‘hundred’. Here, ‘a’ is used for ‘one’.
13. Correct Option : B. Add ‘the’ before ‘only’
14. Correct Option : B. Remove ‘an’.
15. Correct Option : A. Replace ‘A’ by ‘The’ The is used before specified objects.
1. The doctor referred the patient (a) / for the OPD (b) / without examining him (c) / No
error (d)

2. A man who always connives (a) / on the faults of his children (b) / is their worst
enemy (c) / No error (d)
3. I do not understand (a) / why (b) / he is so angry at me (c) / No error (d)

4. I am hearing a lot (a) / about the problem (b) / of AIDS these days (c) / No error (d)

5. Because of his innocence (a) / he can not distinguish (b) / a cheat for an honest person
(c) / No error (d)

6. After opening the door we entered (a) / into the room (b) / next to the kitchen (c) / No
error (d)

7. As the meeting was (a) / about to end (b) / he insisted to ask several questions (c) / No
error (d)

8. The watchman was kind enough (a) / to inform us about the conspiracy (b) / but
declined to name the person behind it (c) / No error (d)

164
 9. The captain and his wife (a) / were invited for the cultural function (b) / at my home
(c) / No error (d)

10. the engineer came out to a novel solution (a) / which may even reduce (b) / daily
energy consumption (c) / No error (d)

11. On a holiday Madhu prefers (a) / reading than going (b) / out visiting friends (c) / No
error (d)
12. People who are (a) / averse with (b) / hard work generally do not succeed in life (c) /
No error (d)
13. Vishal is one year junior (a) / than (b) / Madan in our office (c) / No error (d)
14. They walked (a) / besides (b) / each other in silence (c) / No error (d)
15. Our Mathematics teacher often emphasizes (a) / on the need (b) / for a lot of practice
(c) / No error (d)
16. Please put away (a) / the candle before (b) / you leave (c) / No error (d)
17. All the doctors were puzzled (a) / on the strange symptoms (b) / reported by the
patient (c) / No error (d)
18. Most of the Uttar Pradesh is (a) / an extremely fertile plain between (b) / which the
river Ganga flows (c) / No error (d)
19. The detective says that (a) / there is no chance for finding (b) / the person who worte
these letters (c) / No error (d)
20. In urban society the social circle is limited (a) / with the family but in the village (b) /
it encompasses the entire village (c) / No error (d)

Answers:

1. (b) Replace ‘for’ by ‘to’

2. (b) Replace ‘on’ by ‘at’
3. (c) Replace ‘at’ by ‘with’
4. (b) Replace ‘about’ by ‘of’
5. (c) Replace ‘for’ by ‘from’
6. (d) No error
7. (c) Replace ‘to ask’ by ‘on asking’
8. (b) Replace ‘about’ by ‘of’

165
 9. (b) Replace ‘for’ by ‘to’
10. (a) Replace ‘to’ by ‘by’
11. (b) Replace ‘than’ by ‘to’
12. (b) Replace ‘with’ by ‘to’
13. (b) Replace ‘than’ by ‘to’
14. (b) Replace ‘besides’ by ‘beside’
15. (b) Delete ‘on’
16. (a) Replace ‘away’ by ‘out’
17. (b) Replace ‘on’ by ‘at’
18. (b) Replace ‘between’ by ‘through’
19. (b) Replace ‘for’ by ‘of’
20. (b) Replace ‘with’ by ‘to’

EXERCISE ON PARAJUMBLE:

DIRECTIONS Q.1 to 5 : Rearrange the following six sentences (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6)
in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph. Then answer the questions given
below them.
(1) It is the utmost necessity of the world today,
(2) and all those persons who wish to see all human beings happy and prosperous naturally
feel it keenly.
(3) Of course, at times, we all feel that many of our problems of our political, social and
cultural life would come to an end
(4) What is immediately needed today is the establishment of a World Government (5) if
there were one Government all over the world.
(6) Or an International Federation of Mankind.
1. Which of the following should be the SIXTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (4) (d) (5) (e) (6)
2. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (3) (c) (4) (d) (5) (e) (6)
3. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (6) (c) (4) (d) (3) (e) (2)
4. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4) (e) (5)

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5. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) of 8 (d) (4) (e)
(5) DIRECTIONS Q.6 to 10 : Rearrange the following six sentences (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and
(6) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph. Then answer the questions given
below them.
(1). It may seem odd, at first blush, that teachers should protest about teaching a mere 22
hours.
(2). However, if one considers the amount of time academics require to prepare lectures of
good quality as well as the time they need to spend doing research
(3). It is clear that most conscientious teachers work more than 40 hours a week.
(4). Is the product of budgetary cutbacks rather than pedagogic wisdom.
(5). The University Grants Commission’s directive to college and university lecturers
(6). To spend a mini-mum of 22 hours a week in direct teaching
6. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (5) (e) (6)
7. Which of the following should be the SIXTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4) (e) (6)
8. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4) (e) (6)
9. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (5) (c) (3) (d) (4) (e) (6)
10. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4) (e) (5)
DIRECTIONS Q.11 to 15 : There are six sentences given which, if sequenced in a proper
order, form a coherent paragraph .Please arrange these sentences and answer the subsequent
questions.
A. The U.S., typically an enthusiastic supporter of open markets, included "buy American"
clauses in its stimulus package and propped up its flailing auto industry with handouts.
B. The great recession hasn't been great for free trade. As unemployment has risen
throughout the world,
C. governments have become more focused on protecting their own industries than on
promoting international commerce.

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D. Although a meeting of ministers in New Delhi in early September promised to restart
long-stalled E. World Trade Organization negotiations aimed at reaching a global consensus
on freer trade,
F. wide differences remain between developed and developing nations that make a final deal
difficult.
11. Which sentence should be the FIRST sentence ?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
12. Which sentence should be the SECOND sentence ?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
Which sentence should be the THIRD sentence ?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
14. Which sentence should be the FOURTH sentence ?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
15. Which sentence should be the SECOND to last in the paragraph ?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
DIRECTIONS Q.16 to 20 : There are seven sentences given which, if sequenced in a proper
order, form a coherent paragraph. Arrange these sentences and answer the subsequent
questions.
A. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market,
B. Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor
C. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the
results and preserving the sites once excavated D. Second, there is the problem of illegal
excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder
E. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell
excavated artifacts on the open market
F. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of
archaeological sites
G. thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.
16. Which sentence should be the FIRST sentence?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
17. Which sentence should be the SECOND sentence?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
18. Which sentence should be the THIRD sentence?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
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19. Which sentence should be the FOURTH sentence?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
20. Which sentence should be the SECOND to last in the paragraph?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E

ANSWERS:
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (e) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15.
(e) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (e) 20. (a)

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