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Air Psychrometrics
Moist and humid air calculations. Psychrometric charts and Mollier
diagrams. Air-condition systems temperatures, absolute and relative
humidities and moisture content in air.

Air - Absolute Humidity

Absolute humidity is the actual mass of water vapor present in the air water vapor mixture.

Air - Composition and Molecular Weight

Dry air is a mechanical mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and several other gases in minor
amounts.

Air - Density and Specific Volume vs. Altitude

Density and specific volume of air varies with elevation above sea level.

Air - Density vs. Pressure and Temperature

Air density at pressure ranging 1 to 10 000 bara (14.5 - 145000 psi) and constant selected
temperatures.

Air - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient vs. Temperature
and Pressure

Online calculator, figures and tables showing density, specific weight and thermal expansion
coefficients of air at temperatures ranging -100 to 1600 °C (-140 to 2900 °F) at atmospheric and
higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units.
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Air - Diffusion Coefficients of Gases in Excess of Air

Diffusion coefficients (D12) for gases in large excess of air at temperatures ranging 0 - 400 °C.

Air - Drying Force

The drying force of air depends on the air moisture holding capacity and the water surface to air
evaporation capacity.

Air - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity

Online calculator, figures and tables with dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity for air at
temperatures ranging -100 to 1600°C (-150 to 2900°F) and at pressures ranging 1 to 10 000 bara
(14.5 - 145000 psia) - SI and Imperial Units.

Air - Heating, Cooling, Mixing, Humidifying or Dehumidifying Processes

Basic air changing state processes - heating, cooling, mixing, humidifying and dehumidifying by
adding steam or water - psychometric diagrams and the Mollier charts.

Air - Humidifying by Adding Steam or Water

Air can be humidified by adding water or steam.

Air - Humidifying with Steam - Imperial Units

Estimate the amount of steam required (lb/h in 100 cfm) in humid air.

Air - Humidifying with Steam, SI units

Using steam to humidify air.

Air - Humidity Measurement from Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature

Relative humidity in moist air can estimated by measuring the dry and wet bulb temperature.

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Air - Humidity Ratio

The mass of water vapor present in moist air - to the mass of dry air.

Air - Maximum Moisture Carrying Capacity

Maximum water content in humid air vs. temperature.

Air - Moisture Holding Capacity vs. Temperature

The moisture holding capacity of air increases with temperature.

Air - Molecular Weight and Composition

Dry air is a mixture of gases where the average molecular weight (or molar mass) can be
calculated by adding the weight of each component.

Air - Prandtl Number

Prandtl number for air vs. temperature and pressure.

Air - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions

Properties of air change along the boiling and condensation curves (temperature and pressure
between triple point and critical point conditions). An air phase diagram included.

Air - Psychrometric Chart for Standard Atmospheric Conditions - Imperial Units

Psychrometric chart for air at barometric pressure 29.921 inches of Mercury and temperature
ranging 20oF to 120oF.

Air - Specific Heat vs. Pressure at Constant Temperature

Figures and tables with isobaric (Cp) and isochoric (Cv) specific heat of air at constant temperature
and pressure ranging 0.01 to 10000 bara.

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Air - Specific Heat vs. Temperature at Constant Pressure

Online calculator with figures and tables showing specific heat (Cp and Cv) of dry air vs.
temperature and pressure. SI and imperial units.

Air - Thermal Conductivity vs. Temperature and Pressure

Online calculator with figures and tables showing air thermal conductivity vs. temperature and
pressure. SI and imperial units.

Air - Thermal Diffusivity vs. Temperature and Pressure

Figures and tables withdry air thermal diffusivity vs. temperarure and pressure. SI and Imperial
units.

Air - Thermophysical Properties

Thermal properties of air at different temperatures - density, viscosity, critical temperature and
pressure, triple point, enthalpi and entropi, thermal conductivity and diffusivity and more.

Ammonia Gas - Density vs. Temperature and Pressure

Online calculator with figures and tables showing density and specific weight of ammonia for
temperatures ranging -50 to 425 °C (-50 to 800 °F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial
and SI Units.

Compressed Air - Water Content

Saturation pressure and maximum water content in compressed air.

Cooling Tower Efficiency

Maximum cooling tower efficiency is limited by the cooling air wet-bulb temperature.

Dehumidifiers

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Classification of dehumidifiers.

Dry Air - Thermodynamic and Physical Properties

Thermodynamic properties of dry air - specific heat, ratio of specific heats, dynamic viscosity,
thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, density and kinematic viscosity at temperatures ranging 175 -
1900 K.

Dry Air and Water Vapor - Density and Specific Volume vs. Temperature - Imperial
Units

Density and specific volume of dry air and water vapor at temperatures ranging 225 to 900 degF
(107 to 482 degC).

Dry Bulb, Wet Bulb and Dew Point Temperatures

Dry Bulb, Wet Bulb and Dew Point temperatures can be used to determine the state of humid air.

Evaporation from a Water Surface

Evaporation of water from a water surface - like a swimming pool or an open tank - depends on
water temperature, air temperature, air humidity and air velocity above the water surface - online
calculator.

Evaporative Cooling

Evaporative cooling tutorial.

Great Sensible Heat Factor - GSHF

The Great Sensible Heat Factor is the ratio sensible to total heat in a cooling coil.

Heat Index vs. Humidity

The influence of humidity on the apparent temperature and the heat index.

Heat Recovery Efficiency

Classification of heat recovery efficiencies - temperature efficiency, moisture efficiency and

enthalpy efficiency - online heat exchanger efficiency calculator.

Human Heat Gain

Heat gain from persons in air conditioned spaces - in btu/hr.

Humid Air - Heating

Enthalpy change and temperature rise when heating humid air without adding moisture.

Humid Air and the Ideal Gas Law

Pressure, temperature and volume in a perfect ideal gas like moist air (air with water vapor).

Indoor Comfort Temperatures vs. Outdoor Temperatures

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Recommended indoor comfort temperatures vs. outdoor temperatures.

Indoor Relative Humidity vs. Outdoor Relative Humidity and Temperature

Recommended indoor relative humidity vs. outdoor relative humidity and temperature.

Latent Heat Flow

Latent heat is the heat when supplied to or removed from air results in a change in moisture
content - the temperature of the air is not changed.

Metabolic Heat Gain from Persons

Human metabolic heat gain in air conditioned rooms.

Mixing of Humid Air

The change in state wwhen mixing moist air - enthalpy, heat, temperature and specific humidity.

Moist Air - Cooling and Dehumidifying

Cooling and dehumidifying processes of moist and humid air - sensible and latent cooling.

Moist Air - Degree of Saturation

Humidity ratio of moist air to humidity ratio of saturated moist air.

Moist Air - Density vs. Pressure

Density of moist air vs. pressure ranging 75 - 1000 mmHg.

Moist Air - Density vs. Water Content and Temperature

Density of the mix of dry air and water vapor - moist humid air.

Moist Air - Enthalpy

Sensible and latent heat of moist air.

Moist Air - Mole Fraction of Water Vapor

Mole fraction of water vapor is the ratio of water molecules to air and water molecules.

Moist Air - Partial Pressure and Daltons Law

The pressure in a mixture of dry air and water vapor - humid or moist air - can be estimated by
using Daltons Law of partial pressures.

Moist Air - Properties

Psychrometric table with humid air properties like saturation pressure, specific volume, enthalpy
and entropy.

Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for High Temperatures at Sea Level

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Psychrometric Chart in I-P Units for high temperatures at sea level and with a barometric pressure
of 29.921 inHG.

Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for Low Temperatures at Sea Level

Psychrometric chart in I-P Units for low temperature at sea level and barometric pressure 29.921
inHG.

Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for Normal Temperatures at 5000 Feet Altitude

Psychrometric chart in I-P Units at 5000 feet and barometric pressure 24.896 inHG.

Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for Normal Temperatures at 7500 Feet Altitude

Psychrometric chart in I-P Units at 7500 feet and barometric pressure 22.653 inHG.

Moist Air - Psychrometric Online Calculator

Calculate moist air properties in SI and Imperial units with this online calculator.

Moist Air - Psychrometric Table for Pressure 29.92 inHg

Dry and wet bulb temperatures, saturation pressure, water vapor weight, specific volume, heat and
more.

Moist Air - Psychrometric Terms

Dry and wet bulb temperature, specific volume, relative humidity, enthalpy and more.

Moist Air - Relative Humidity

Relative humidity in moist air is the ratio of partial vapor pressure to air pressure.

Moist Air - Specific Volume

Specific volume of moist air is defined as the total volume of humid air per mass unit of dry air

Moist Air - Specific vs. Relative Humidity

Specific humidity of moist air vs. relative humidity, water vapor and air density.

Moist Air - the Mollier Diagram

The Mollier diagram is a graphic representation of the relationship between air temperature,
moisture content and enthalpy - and is a basic design tool for building engineers and designers.

Moist Air - Transforming the Mollier Diagram to a Psychrometric Chart - or vice

versa

The relationship between the psycrometric chart and the Mollier diagram.

Moist Air - Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressures vs. dry and wet bulb temperatures in moist air.

Moist Air - Water Vapor and Saturation Pressure

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Saturation pressure of water vapor in moist air vs. temperature.

Moist Air - Weight of Water Vapor

Weight of water vapor in air

Non-ideal gas - Van der Waal's Equation and Constants

The van der Waals constants for more than 200 gases used to correct for non-ideal behavior of
gases caused by intermolecular forces and the volume occupied by the gas particles.

Outdoor Temperatures and Relative Humidity - US Winter and Summer Conditions

Outdoor summer and winter design temperatures and relative humidity for US states and cities.

Relative Humidity in Production and Process Environments

Recommended relative humidity in production and process environments - like libraries, breweries,
storages and more.

Removing Heat with Air

Calculating heat removed with air by measuring the wet bulb temperature.

Room Sensible Heat Factor - RSHF

Room Sensible Heat Factor - RSHF - is defined as the sensible heat load divided by the total heat
load in a room

Sensible Heat Flow

Sensible heat is dry heat causing change in temperature but not in moisture content

Sensible Heat Ratio - SHR

The ratio Sensible Heat (or Cooling) Load to the Total Heat (or Cooling) Load.

The Ideal Gas Law

The relationship between volume, pressure, temperature and quantity of a gas, including definition
of gas density.

Universal and Individual Gas Constants

The Universal and Individual Gas Constants in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Individual
gas constants for the most common gases.

Water - Saturation Pressure vs. Temperature

Online calculator, figures and tables with water saturation (vapor) pressure at temperatures ranging
0 to 370 °C (32 to 700°F) - in Imperial and SI Units.

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)

The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature can be used to measure the general Heat-Stress index.

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