Basic Science

1. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

A. Transport of materials
B. Production of energy
C. Photosynthesis
D. Protein synthesis

2. What is the chemical formula of water?

A. H₂O
B. CO₂
C. H₂O₂
D. O₂

3. Which of the following is not a plant cell structure?

A. Nucleus
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome

4. The process of converting liquid to gas is called:

A. Melting
B. Freezing
C. Evaporation
D. Condensation

5. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A. Boiling water
B. Dissolving sugar in water
C. Burning wood
D. Freezing water

6. The smallest unit of life is:

A. Atom
B. Cell
C. Organ
D. Tissue

7. Which of the following elements is essential for the formation of proteins?

A. Carbon
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen

8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a living organism?

A. Ability to move
B. Ability to breathe
C. Ability to reproduce
D. Ability to digest food

9. What is the name of the process by which plants make their own food?

A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Digestion
D. Absorption

10. Which of the following is a characteristic of acids?

A. They are slippery to touch

B. They turn litmus paper red
C. They taste bitter
D. They are non-corrosive

11. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen

12. The atomic number of an element is the number of:

A. Protons
B. Electrons
C. Neutrons
D. Atoms in a molecule

13. The process by which plants lose water through small pores in the leaves is
called:

A. Transpiration
B. Respiration
C. Absorption
D. Condensation

14. Which of the following is an example of a simple carbohydrate?

A. Starch
B. Glucose
C. Protein
D. Fat

15. Which of the following compounds is an acid?

A. NaOH
B. HCl
C. NaCl
D. NH₃

16. The chemical symbol for Sodium is:

A. Na
B. So
C. Sn
D. S

17. Which of the following is an example of a non-metal element?

A. Iron
B. Oxygen
C. Copper
D. Silver

18. What is the main function of the root system in plants?

A. To absorb water and minerals

B. To produce food
C. To carry out photosynthesis
D. To transport water

19. What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between two atoms?

A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Metallic bond
20. What is the chemical formula of methane?

A. CH₄
B. CO₂
C. C₆H₁₂O₆
D. NH₃

21. Which part of the plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?

A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Chloroplast
D. Ribosome

22. Which of the following is a property of metals?

A. Poor conductor of heat

B. Dull appearance
C. Malleability
D. High ionization energy

23. What is the process called when a solid turns into a liquid?

A. Condensation
B. Freezing
C. Melting
D. Sublimation

24. Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms?

A. Ability to grow
B. Ability to float
C. Ability to fly
D. Ability to stand

25. The primary source of energy for most living organisms is:

A. Sunlight
B. Water
C. Soil
D. Air

26. Which of the following is a property of bases?

A. They turn litmus paper red
B. They taste sour
C. They are slippery to touch
D. They release hydrogen ions

27. Which of the following elements is commonly found in organic compounds?

A. Carbon
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. All of the above

28. The unit of measurement for the amount of heat energy is:

A. Joule
B. Gram
C. Liter
D. Meter

29. What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride (common salt)?

A. NaCl
B. NaOH
C. HCl
D. KCl

30. Which organ is responsible for producing insulin in humans?

A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Stomach
D. Heart

31. A chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons is called:

A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Combustion
D. Precipitation

32. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system in humans?

A. Pump blood
B. Protect vital organs
C. Produce hormones
D. Filter toxins
33. What is the main component of the human body's bones?

A. Calcium carbonate
B. Calcium phosphate
C. Sodium chloride
D. Potassium hydroxide

34. The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
is called:

A. Atom
B. Molecule
C. Ion
D. Cell

35. Which of the following is true about the nucleus of a cell?

A. It controls the cell’s activities

B. It produces energy
C. It stores water
D. It transports materials

36. The liquid part of the blood that carries nutrients and waste products is
called:

A. Plasma
B. Red blood cells
C. White blood cells
D. Platelets

37. Which of the following is the chemical formula for oxygen gas?

A. O₂
B. O₃
C. H₂O
D. CO₂

38. The process by which living organisms break down food to release energy is
called:

A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Digestion
D. Excretion
39. Which of the following is an example of a natural polymer?

A. Rubber
B. Nylon
C. Starch
D. Teflon

40. Which of the following is a part of the respiratory system?

A. Liver
B. Kidneys
C. Lungs
D. Stomach

41. What type of reaction occurs when a metal reacts with oxygen to form an
oxide?

A. Reduction
B. Oxidation
C. Neutralization
D. Displacement

42. Which of the following is an example of a mixture?

A. Water
B. Air
C. Salt
D. Sugar

43. What does the term "malleable" refer to in metals?

A. Ability to conduct electricity

B. Ability to break easily
C. Ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
D. Ability to dissolve in water

44. Which part of the plant is responsible for reproduction?

A. Stem
B. Leaves
C. Roots
D. Flowers

45. The process by which liquid turns into a gas is called:

A. Evaporation
B. Freezing
C. Condensation
D. Sublimation

46. The force that holds atoms together in a molecule is called:

A. Gravitational force
B. Electrostatic force
C. Chemical bond
D. Magnetic force

47. The unit of measurement for electric current is:

A. Volt
B. Ampere
C. Ohm
D. Watt

48. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?

A. Ability to breathe
B. Ability to reproduce
C. Ability to make clothes
D. Ability to talk

49. The primary function of white blood cells is:

A. Carry oxygen
B. Fight infection
C. Transport nutrients
D. Form blood clots

50. Which of the following best describes an enzyme?

A. A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions

B. A type of carbohydrate used for energy
C. A lipid used to store fat
D. A mineral required for bone strength

51. What is the main product of the process of combustion?

A. Water and oxygen

B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen and nitrogen
D. Nitrogen and water
52. Which of the following is a source of natural rubber?

A. Cotton plant
B. Rubber tree
C. Pine tree
D. Wheat plant

53. Which of the following is used to test the presence of starch?

A. Iodine solution
B. Benedict's solution
C. Litmus paper
D. Water

54. What is the main function of the digestive system?

A. To filter waste from the blood

B. To break down food for absorption
C. To produce hormones
D. To circulate oxygen

55. The change of state from gas to liquid is called:

A. Sublimation
B. Freezing
C. Condensation
D. Melting

56. The pH of a neutral substance is:

A. 0
B. 7
C. 14
D. 5

57. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

A. Wind
B. Solar energy
C. Coal
D. Biomass

58. The process by which animals and plants release carbon dioxide is called:
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Transpiration
D. Digestion

59. Which of the following is an example of a chemical formula?

A. NaCl
B. Na
C. Cl
D. O

60. Which of the following is used to neutralize an acid?

A. Acid
B. Base
C. Salt
D. Water

These questions cover a range of topics in basic science, including biology, chemistry, and
general scientific concepts.

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