ACKNOWLEDGEMET

I would like to express my sincere thanks of gratitude to my Physics Teacher, Ms. Shivali

Gahlot as well as my Principal, Fr. Sujith Augustine for giving me this golden opportunity to

this wonderful for Physics project which have benefited a lot from.

I am grateful for the guidance and consideration Shivali Maa’m has showed me, and the

opportunity I have received for making this project has helped me improve my research skills

and increased my knowledge.

I also exchange my gratitude to my friend and family for their constant support and

thoughtfulness towards my project which I have made with much care.

I could not have completed this project without the combined support of everyone I have

mentioned and thank thus far.

ELECTRO

MAGNETIC

INDUCTION
INDEX :
Contents

i) Topic

ii) Aim and Introduction

iii) Principle

iv) Theory

v) Observation

vi) Conclusion

vii) Application of EMF

viii) Precaution

ix) Bibliography
Aim :

To study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.

INTRODUCTION :

ELECTROMAGNET :

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which magnetic field is produced by electric current.

The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.

INDUCTION :

The process of generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a changing

magnetic field is called induction.

Electromagnetic induction

Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across a

conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.

Electromagnetic induction is when on electromagnetic field causes molecules in another

object to flow.

Induction can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals) or waves (in a radio
transmitter).
Finally, it refers to the phenomenon where on EMF is induced when the magnetic flux links a
conductor change.

Magnetic flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the area normal to the
field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the (wb)
(weber).
PRINCIPLE :

Electromagnetic induction is a process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field

or a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field causes the production of a voltage

across conductor. This process of electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes on electrical

current, it is said to induce the current.

THEORY
INVENTION :

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, though it may

have been anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832,

Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not publish his findings until later.

INDUCED E.M.F.

If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an E.M.F will be generated in the coil. This effect

was first observed and explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday

discovered that on E.M.F could be generated either by,

A. Moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other.

B. By changing the magnetic of the source of magnetic flux .

Working and construction

Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a magnetic field because the

magnetic lines of force are applying a force on the free electrons in the conductor and causing

them to more. This process of integrating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a

changing magnetic field is called induction. This is called induction because there is no
physical connection between the conductor and the magnet. The current is also said to be

induced in the conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement for this electromagnetic

induction to take place is that the conductor which is often a piece of wire, must be

perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order to produce the maximum force on the free

electrons. The direction that the induced current flows is determined by the direction of the

lines of force and by the direction the wires is moving in the field.

Lenz’s Law :

When an EMF is generated by a change in magnetic flux according to Faraday's law, the

polarity of the induced EMF is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes

the change which produces it. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts

to keep the magnetic flux in loop constant.

APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Electric Generator :

The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative moment of a circuit and a

magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical generators. When a permanent

magnet is moved relative to a conductor or vice versa, on electromotive force is created. If the

wire is connected through an electrical load, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is

generated and converts the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy.

Electrical Transformer :

The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for electrical transformers. When the

electric current in a loop of wire changes, the changing current creates a changing magnetic

field. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic

field or change in its coupled magnetic flux, or transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop

are connected through an electrical load, current will flow

OBSERVATION :

● Magnet is moved at certain rate and the certain voltage is produced.

● Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a greater induced voltage.

● Magnet is move that same speed through the coil that has greater number of turns and
greater voltage is induced.
CONCLUSION :

Faraday's law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and published by Michael Faraday

in the mid nineteenth century, describes a very important electromagnetic concept. Although

its mathematical representations are cryptic, lessons of Faraday's is not hard to grasp : it

relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has

many far - reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways : From the shining of the

sun, to the convenience of mobile communications, to electricity to power our homes. We

can all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s law has on us.
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION IN REAL LIFE

The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many devices and systems
including:

i) Electrical generators

ii) Induction motors

iii) Induction sealing

iv) Inductive charging

v) Transformers

vi) Wireless energy transfer

vii) Wireless charger

PRECAUTIONS

⮚ Do all the connections correctly.

⮚ Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making loop.

⮚ Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration.

⮚ Do not use very thick or thin copper wire

⮚ Use only insulated copper wire

⮚ Keep yourself safe from high voltage

BIBLIOGRAPHY

● Wikipedia.com

● Google search engine

● Physics NCERT textbook of class 12

● byju's.com /PHYSICS/ELECTROMAGNETIC-INDUCTION