Faculty of Information Technology

HANOI UNIVERSITY

61FIT3NPR – Network Programming

Java Streams

I. Read from an URL and write the result to a file on the

disk:
We use 2 classes: Downloader and DownloadMain
package tut3;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class Downloader {

private URL url;

// Constructs downloader to read from the given URL.

public Downloader(String urlString) throws MalformedURLException {
url = new URL(urlString);
}

// Reads downloader's URL and writes contents to the given file.

public void download(String targetFileName) throws IOException {
InputStream in = url.openStream();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(targetFileName);
while (true) {
int n = in.read();
if (n == -1) { // -1 means end-of-file
break;
}
out.write(n);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
}

package tut3;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

public class DownloadMain {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("URL to download? ");
 String urlString = console.nextLine();

Downloader down = null; // create a downloader;

while (down == null) { // re-prompt the user if this fails
try {
down = new Downloader(urlString);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
System.out.print("Bad URL! Try again: ");
urlString = console.nextLine();
}
}

System.out.print("Target file name: ");

String targetFileName = console.nextLine();

try { // download bytes to file (print error if it fails)

down.download(targetFileName);
System.out.println("Downloaded successfully") ;
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("I/O error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

II. Write class TallyDownloader to add behavior to

Downloader

public TallyDownloader(String url)

public void download(String targetFileName)

(Downloads the file, and also prints the file to the console,
and prints the number of occurrences of each kind of
character in the file.)
package tut3;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

public class TallyDownloader extends Downloader {

public TallyDownloader(String url) throws MalformedURLException {
super(url); // call Downloader constructor
}

// Reads from URL and prints file contents and tally of each char.
public void download(String targetFileName) throws IOException {
super.download(targetFileName);

Map<Character, Integer> counts = new TreeMap<Character, Integer>();

FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(targetFileName);
while (true) {
int n = in.read();
if (n == -1) {
break;
}
 char ch = (char) n;
if (counts.containsKey(ch)) {
counts.put(ch, counts.get(ch) + 1);
} else {
counts.put(ch, 1);
}
System.out.print(ch);
}
in.close();
System.out.println(counts); // print map of char -> int
}
}

package tut3;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

public class DownloadMain {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("URL to download? ");
String urlString = console.nextLine();

Downloader down = null; // create a tallying downloader;

while (down == null) { // re-prompt the user if this fails
try {
down = new TallyDownloader(urlString);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
System.out.print("Bad URL! Try again: ");
urlString = console.nextLine();
}
}

System.out.print("Target file name: ");

String targetFileName = console.nextLine();

try { // download bytes to file (print error if it fails)

down.download(targetFileName);
System.out.println("Downloaded successfully") ;
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("I/O error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

III. An example how to read from a file and

print out the content to the console
package tut3.javaio.stream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class InputStreamExample2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
InputStream in = new FileInputStream("data.txt");

byte[] temp = new byte[10];

int i = -1;

while ((i = in.read(temp)) != -1) {

String s = new String(temp, 0, i);
System.out.println(s);
}
in.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

An example how to write characters to a file:

package tut3.javaio.stream;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

public class OutputStreamExample2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
File dir = new File("./Test");
dir.mkdirs();

OutputStream os = new
FileOutputStream("./Test/test_writerOutputStream.txt");

byte[] by = new byte[] { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 31, 34,
92, 10 }; //10 = "\n" new line , 31 = control code chart , 34 = """ , 92 =
"\"

byte[] by2 = new byte[] { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'b', 'o',
'y' };

os.write(by);

os.flush();

os.write(by2);

os.close();
 } catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Another: https://www.codejava.net/java-se/networking/use-
httpurlconnection-to-download-file-from-an-http-url

IV. Java Swing application to download files from

HTTP server with progress bar
This tutorial is about how to build a Swing application that downloads a file from a
HTTP server through a URL. The download application would look like this:

Its workflow is explained in this diagram:

The principal solution for this download application involves in using
the java.net.HttpURLConnection class to initiates an HTTP connection with the
server. The Swing client will parse HTTP headers sent from the server to determine
information about the file to be downloaded such as file type, filename and content
length. Then opening the HTTP connection’s input stream to read bytes transferred
from the server. And an output stream is created on the client side to save the file on
disk.
For more information about using HttpURLConnection class to download file, see the
tutorial: Use HttpURLConnection to download file from an HTTP URL.

The following class diagram illustrates how the application will be designed:

As we can see, the application consists of the following classes:


o HTTPDownloadUtil: encapsulates the core functionality of the application -
download file from an HTTP URL. This class is implemented based on the
tutorial Use HttpURLConnection to download file from an HTTP URL, but is
modified to work with updating download progress while the file is being
transferred.
o DownloadTask: executes thread the file download in a background rather in
the Swing’s event dispatcher thread (EDT), so the GUI will not become
unresponsive when the download is taking place.
o SwingFileDownloadHTTP: is the main application which displays the GUI that
allows users to enter a download URL, choose a location to save the file,
and start downloading.
o JFilePicker and FileTypeFilter: These components are used by
the SwingFileDownloadHTTP class to show a file chooser. These classes are
taken from the article File picker component in Swing.
Let’s see how these classes are implemented in details.

1. Code of the HTTPDownloadUtil class

package net.codejava.swing.download;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
* A utility that downloads a file from a URL.
*
* @author www.codejava.net
*
*/
public class HTTPDownloadUtil {

private HttpURLConnection httpConn;

/**
* hold input stream of HttpURLConnection
*/
private InputStream inputStream;

private String fileName;

private int contentLength;

/**
* Downloads a file from a URL
*
* @param fileURL
* HTTP URL of the file to be downloaded
* @throws IOException
*/
public void downloadFile(String fileURL) throws IOException {
URL url = new URL(fileURL);
httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();

// always check HTTP response code first

if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
String disposition = httpConn.getHeaderField("Content-
Disposition");
String contentType = httpConn.getContentType();
contentLength = httpConn.getContentLength();

if (disposition != null) {
// extracts file name from header field
 int index = disposition.indexOf("filename=");
if (index > 0) {
fileName = disposition.substring(index + 10,
disposition.length() - 1);
}
} else {
// extracts file name from URL
fileName = fileURL.substring(fileURL.lastIndexOf("/") + 1,
fileURL.length());
}

// output for debugging purpose only

System.out.println("Content-Type = " + contentType);
System.out.println("Content-Disposition = " + disposition);
System.out.println("Content-Length = " + contentLength);
System.out.println("fileName = " + fileName);

// opens input stream from the HTTP connection

inputStream = httpConn.getInputStream();

} else {
throw new IOException(
"No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: "
+ responseCode);
}
}

public void disconnect() throws IOException {

inputStream.close();
httpConn.disconnect();
}

public String getFileName() {

return this.fileName;
}

public int getContentLength() {

return this.contentLength;
}

public InputStream getInputStream() {

return this.inputStream;
}
}

This utility class does not actually download the file. It only makes a connection,
parses HTTP headers to get file information, and opens the connection’s input
stream which will be used by the DownloadTask class.
2. Code of the DownloadTask class

package net.codejava.swing.download;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.SwingWorker;

/**
* Execute file download in a background thread and update the progress.
* @author www.codejava.net
*
*/
public class DownloadTask extends SwingWorker<Void, Void> {
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
private String downloadURL;
private String saveDirectory;
private SwingFileDownloadHTTP gui;

public DownloadTask(SwingFileDownloadHTTP gui, String downloadURL, String

saveDirectory) {
this.gui = gui;
this.downloadURL = downloadURL;
this.saveDirectory = saveDirectory;
}

/**
* Executed in background thread
*/
@Override
protected Void doInBackground() throws Exception {
try {
HTTPDownloadUtil util = new HTTPDownloadUtil();
util.downloadFile(downloadURL);

// set file information on the GUI

gui.setFileInfo(util.getFileName(), util.getContentLength());

String saveFilePath = saveDirectory + File.separator +

util.getFileName();

InputStream inputStream = util.getInputStream();

// opens an output stream to save into file
FileOutputStream outputStream = new
FileOutputStream(saveFilePath);
 byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
int bytesRead = -1;
long totalBytesRead = 0;
int percentCompleted = 0;
long fileSize = util.getContentLength();

while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {

outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
totalBytesRead += bytesRead;
percentCompleted = (int) (totalBytesRead * 100 / fileSize);

setProgress(percentCompleted);
}

outputStream.close();

util.disconnect();
} catch (IOException ex) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(gui, "Error downloading file: " +
ex.getMessage(),
"Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
ex.printStackTrace();
setProgress(0);
cancel(true);
}
return null;
}

/**
* Executed in Swing's event dispatching thread
*/
@Override
protected void done() {
if (!isCancelled()) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(gui,
"File has been downloaded successfully!", "Message",
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
}
}
}

This class implements the javax.swing.SwingWorker class so

its doInBackground() method will be executed in a separate thread. It utilizes
the HTTPDownloadUtil class to perform the file download, updates file information to
the GUI and notifies download progress so the GUI will update the progress bar
accordingly.

3. Code of the SwingFileDownloadHTTP class

package net.codejava.swing.download;

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFileChooser;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JProgressBar;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager;

import net.codejava.swing.JFilePicker;

/**
* A Swing application that downloads file from an HTTP server.
* @author www.codejava.net
*
*/
public class SwingFileDownloadHTTP extends JFrame implements
PropertyChangeListener {
private JLabel labelURL = new JLabel("Download URL: ");
private JTextField fieldURL = new JTextField(30);

private JFilePicker filePicker = new JFilePicker("Save in directory: ",

"Browse...");

private JButton buttonDownload = new JButton("Download");

private JLabel labelFileName = new JLabel("File name: ");

private JTextField fieldFileName = new JTextField(20);

private JLabel labelFileSize = new JLabel("File size (bytes): ");

private JTextField fieldFileSize = new JTextField(20);

private JLabel labelProgress = new JLabel("Progress:");

private JProgressBar progressBar = new JProgressBar(0, 100);

public SwingFileDownloadHTTP() {
super("Swing File Download from HTTP server");

// set up layout
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
 GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints();
constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
constraints.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);

// set up components
filePicker.setMode(JFilePicker.MODE_SAVE);
filePicker.getFileChooser().setFileSelectionMode(JFileChooser.DIRECTOR
IES_ONLY);

buttonDownload.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
buttonDownloadActionPerformed(event);
}
});

fieldFileName.setEditable(false);
fieldFileSize.setEditable(false);

progressBar.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 30));

progressBar.setStringPainted(true);

// add components to the frame

constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 0;
add(labelURL, constraints);

constraints.gridx = 1;
constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
constraints.weightx = 1.0;
add(fieldURL, constraints);

constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 1;
constraints.weightx = 0.0;
constraints.gridwidth = 2;
constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
add(filePicker, constraints);

constraints.gridy = 2;
constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
add(buttonDownload, constraints);

constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 3;
constraints.gridwidth = 1;
constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
add(labelFileName, constraints);

constraints.gridx = 1;
add(fieldFileName, constraints);
 constraints.gridy = 4;
constraints.gridx = 0;
add(labelFileSize, constraints);

constraints.gridx = 1;
add(fieldFileSize, constraints);

constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 5;
constraints.gridwidth = 1;
constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
add(labelProgress, constraints);

constraints.gridx = 1;
constraints.weightx = 1.0;
constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
add(progressBar, constraints);

pack();
setLocationRelativeTo(null); // center on screen
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

/**
* handle click event of the Upload button
*/
private void buttonDownloadActionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
String downloadURL = fieldURL.getText();
String saveDir = filePicker.getSelectedFilePath();

// validate input first

if (downloadURL.equals("")) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Please enter download URL!",
"Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
fieldURL.requestFocus();
return;
}

if (saveDir.equals("")) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,
"Please choose a directory save file!", "Error",
JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
return;
}

try {
progressBar.setValue(0);

DownloadTask task = new DownloadTask(this, downloadURL, saveDir);

task.addPropertyChangeListener(this);
task.execute();
} catch (Exception ex) {
 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,
"Error executing upload task: " + ex.getMessage(), "Error",
JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
}

void setFileInfo(String name, int size) {

fieldFileName.setText(name);
fieldFileSize.setText(String.valueOf(size));
}

/**
* Update the progress bar's state whenever the progress of download
changes.
*/
@Override
public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {
if (evt.getPropertyName().equals("progress")) {
int progress = (Integer) evt.getNewValue();
progressBar.setValue(progress);
}
}

/**
* Launch the application
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// set look and feel to system dependent
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName()
);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}

SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
new SwingFileDownloadHTTP().setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}

This builds the user interface for the application and wires all the pieces together to
form a complete application. To update the progress bar while the download is
taking place, it “listens” to the property named “progress” which is repeatedly
updated by the DownloadTask class.
4. Testing the application
To test this application, we need to have a downloadable URL, for example:

http://www.us.apache.org/dist/struts/source/struts-2.3.12-src.zip
Run the application and type the above URL into the Download URL field:

Click Browse… button to select a directory where the file will be stored, for
example: E:\Download, and hit Download button to start downloading the file. Just a
second you will see the file information is updated in the fields File name and File
size, as well as the progress bar gets updated quickly:

When the progress reaches to 100%, a message dialog appears:

The following error message dialog will appear in case of error such as the URL is
invalid:

To experiment yourself with this nice application, download full source code and
executable jar file of in the attachments section. You can also clone the sample
project on GitHub.

https://downloads.apache.org/struts/2.5.33/struts-2.5.33-all.zip

https://www.codejava.net/coding/swing-application-to-download-files-from-http-
server-with-progress-bar

(package net.codejava.swing;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFileChooser;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class JFilePicker extends JPanel {

private String textFieldLabel;
private String buttonLabel;

private JLabel label;

private JTextField textField;
private JButton button;
 private JFileChooser fileChooser;

private int mode;

public static final int MODE_OPEN = 1;
public static final int MODE_SAVE = 2;

public JFilePicker(String textFieldLabel, String buttonLabel) {

this.textFieldLabel = textFieldLabel;
this.buttonLabel = buttonLabel;

fileChooser = new JFileChooser();

setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 5, 5));

// creates the GUI

label = new JLabel(textFieldLabel);

textField = new JTextField(30);

button = new JButton(buttonLabel);

button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
buttonActionPerformed(evt);
}
});

add(label);
add(textField);
add(button);

private void buttonActionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {

if (mode == MODE_OPEN) {
if (fileChooser.showOpenDialog(this) ==
JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {

textField.setText(fileChooser.getSelectedFile().getAbsolutePath());
}
} else if (mode == MODE_SAVE) {
if (fileChooser.showSaveDialog(this) ==
JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {

textField.setText(fileChooser.getSelectedFile().getAbsolutePath());
}
}
}

public void addFileTypeFilter(String extension, String description) {

FileTypeFilter filter = new FileTypeFilter(extension, description);
fileChooser.addChoosableFileFilter(filter);
}
 public void setMode(int mode) {
this.mode = mode;
}

public String getSelectedFilePath() {

return textField.getText();
}

public JFileChooser getFileChooser() {

return this.fileChooser;
}
})