Project Report On

Staff Leave Management

System

Submitted by:
 Content

 Acknowledgment
 Introduction
 Purpose of the Project
 Problem in Existing System
 System Analysis
 Feasibility Report
 System Design(Case Diagram, Flow chart, ER Diagram)
 Database Design
 Output Screens
 System Testing and Implementation
 Conclusion
 Bibliography
 Acknowledgement
I would like to mention our sincere gratitude towards University/College, for
giving us the opportunity to carry out our project.

I would like to express our heart full gratitude towards our guide, his/her invaluable
advice for the successful completion of this dissertation.
I also like to extend our sincere thanks to the of University/College for their
invaluable help and support.

Finally, I take this opportunity to mention our sincere thanks to one and all those
who helped us directly or indirectly for the completion of our project.
 Introduction

The Staff Leave Management System (SLMS) is an Intranet based application that
can be accessed throughout the organization or a specified group/Dept. This
system can be used to automate the workflow of leave applications and their
approvals.
The project has been planned to be having the view of distributed architecture,
with centralized storage of the database. The application for the storage of the
data has been planned. All the user interfaces have been designed using the
Python technologies and using Django framework. The database connectivity is
planned using the “SQLite” methodology. The standards of security and data
protective mechanism have been given a big choice for proper usage. The
application takes care of different modules and their associated reports, which
are produced as per the applicable strategies and standards that are put
forwarded by the administrative.
 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
This project is aimed at developing a web based Leave Management Tool, which is
of importance to any organization. This is an Intranet based application that can
be accessed throughout the organization or a specified group/Dept. This system
can be used to automate the workflow of leave applications and their approvals.
There are features like cancellation of leave, approval of leave, report generators
etc. in this Tool.

PROBLEM IN EXISTING SYSTEM

 No use of Web Services and Remoting.

 Risk of mismanagement and of data when the project is under development.
 Less Security.
 No proper coordination between different Applications and Users.
 SOLUTION OF THESE PROBLEMS

The development of the new system contains the following activities, which try to
automate the entire process keeping in view of the database integration
approach.

1. User friendliness is provided in the application with various controls.

2. The system makes the overall project management much easier and
flexible.

3. There is no risk of data mismanagement at any level while the project

development is under process.

4. It provides high level of security with different level of authentication.

 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

After analyzing the requirements of the task to be performed, the next step is to
analyze the problem and understand its context. The first activity in the phase is
studying the existing system and other is to understand the requirements and
domain of the new system. Both the activities are equally important, but the first
activity serves as a basis of giving the functional specifications and then successful
design of the proposed system. Understanding the properties and requirements
of a new system is more difficult and requires creative thinking and understanding
of existing running system is also difficult, improper understanding of present
system can lead diversion from solution.
ANALYSIS MODEL
The model that is basically being followed is the WATER FALL MODEL, which
states that the phases are organized in a linear order. First of all the feasibility
study is done. Once that part is over the requirement analysis and project
planning begins. If system exists one and modification and addition of new
module is needed, analysis of present system can be used as basic model.
The design starts after the requirement analysis is complete and the coding
begins after the design is complete. Once the programming is completed, the
testing is done. In this model the sequence of activities performed in a software
development project are: -
  Requirement Analysis
 Project Planning
 System design

 Detail design
 Coding
 Unit testing
 System integration & testing

Here the linear ordering of these activities is critical. End of the phase and the
output of one phase is the input of other phase. The output of each phase is to be
consistent with the overall requirement of the system. Some of the qualities of
spiral model are also incorporated like after the people concerned with the
project review completion of each of the phase the work done.
WATER FALL MODEL was being chosen because all requirements were known
beforehand and the objective of our software development is the
computerization/automation of an already existing manual working system.
 Changed
Requirements

Communicated
Requirements

Requirements
Specification
Requirements
Engineering

Design
Specification
Design

Executable
Software
Programming Modules Maintenance

Integrated
Software
Product
Integration

Delivered
Software
Delivery Product

STUDY OF THE SYSTEM

GUI’S

In the flexibility of the uses the interface has been developed a graphics concept
in mind, associated through a browses interface. The GUI’S at the top level have
been categorized as
 1. Administrative user interface

2. The operational or generic user interface

The administrative user interface concentrates on the consistent information that is

practically, part of the organizational activities and which needs proper
authentication for the data collection. The interfaces help the administrations with
all the transactional states like Data insertion, Data deletion and Date updation
along with the extensive data search capabilities.

The operational or generic user interface helps the users upon the system in
transactions through the existing data and required services. The operational user
interface also helps the ordinary users in managing their own information helps the
ordinary users in managing their own information in a customized manner as per
the assisted flexibilities.

NUMBER OF MODULES

The system after careful analysis has been identified to be presented with the
following modules:

The modules involved are:

 Administration
 Staff

Admin Module details

 Admin can add a Staff and also update the Staff info.
 Admin can also manage the leave application (approve and not approve).
 Every time when a Staff applies for leave admin will get a notification.
 Admin can change own password after login.
 Admin can also view admin dashboard.

Staff Module

 The Staff can log in with a valid email and password.

 Update his/her profile
 Applied for leave
 View the leave history
 Change his/ her password

PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS:

 Based on the given requirements, conceptualize the Solution Architecture.

Choose the domain of your interest otherwise develop the application for
ultimatedotnet.com. Depict the various architectural components, show
interactions and connectedness and show internal and external elements.
Design the web services, web methods and database infrastructure needed
both and client and server.

 Provide an environment for upgradation of application for newer versions that

are available in the same domain as web service target.
HARDWARE SPEDIFICATIONS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

This software requires following minimum hardware configuration:

 Processor: Pentium-iv and above

 RAM: 256 MB

 Hard Disk: 4.3GB

 Floppy Disk: 1.44 MB

 CD Drive

 Monitor-15” Color Monitor

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

1. OS : Windows XP, Windows 98, Windows 7. Linux

2. Language: Python Runtime Environment

3. Database: dbSQLite3
4. Browse: Any of Mozilla, Opera, Chrome etc.
5. Webserver: Django
6. Software Development Kit: Python
7. Scripting Language: JavaScript
Python

What is Python?

Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum,

and released in 1991.

It is used for:

 web development (server-side),

 software development,
 mathematics,
 System scripting.

What can Python do?

 Python can be used on a server to create web applications.

 Python can be used alongside software to create workflows.
 Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and modify files.
 Python can be used to handle big data and perform complex mathematics.
 Python can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-ready software
development.

Django

Django is a Python framework that makes it easier to create web sites using

Python.

Django takes care of the difficult stuff so that you can concentrate on building

your web applications.

Django emphasizes reusability of components, also referred to as DRY (Don't

Repeat Yourself), and comes with ready-to-use features like login system,

database connection and CRUD operations (Create Read Update Delete).

Django is especially helpful for database driven websites.

How does Django Work?

Django follows the MVT design pattern (Model View Template).

Model - The data you want to present, usually data from a database.

View - A request handler that returns the relevant template and content - based

on the request from the user.

Template - A text file (like an HTML file) containing the layout of the web page,

with logic on how to display the data.

SQLite

SQLite is a C-language library that implements a small, fast, self-contained, high-

reliability, full-featured, SQL database engine. SQLite is the most used database

engine in the world. SQLite is built into all mobile phones and most computers

and comes bundled inside countless other applications that people use every day.

More Information...
The SQLite file format is stable, cross-platform, and backwards compatible and

the developers pledge to keep it that way through the year 2050. SQLite database

files are commonly used as containers to transfer rich content between systems

and as a long-term archival format for data. There are over 1 trillion (1e12) SQLite

databases in active use.

SQLite source code is in the public-domain and is free to everyone to use for any

purpose.

Latest Release

Version 3.44.2 (2023-11-24).

 Feasibility Report

Preliminary investigation examine project feasibility, the likelihood the system will
be useful to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility study is to test
the Technical, Operational and Economical feasibility for adding new modules and
debugging old running system. All system is feasible if they are unlimited
resources and infinite time. There are aspects in the feasibility study portion of
the preliminary investigation:

 Technical Feasibility
 Operation Feasibility
 Economical Feasibility

Technical Feasibility
The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility stage of the
investigation includes the following:

 Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested?

 Do the proposed equipment have the technical capacity to hold the data
required to use the new system?
 Will the proposed system provide adequate response to inquiries, regardless
of the number or location of users?
 Can the system be upgraded if developed?
 Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data
security?
Earlier no system existed to cater to the needs of ‘Secure Infrastructure
Implementation System’. The current system developed is technically feasible. It
is a web based user interface. Thus it provides an easy access to the users. The

database’s purpose is to create, establish and maintain a workflow among various

entities in order to facilitate all concerned users in their various capacities or
roles. Permission to the users would be granted based on the roles specified.
Therefore, it provides the technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability and security.
The software and hard requirements for the development of this project are not
many and are available as free as open source. The work for the project is done
with the current equipment and existing software technology. Necessary
bandwidth exists for providing a fast feedback to the users irrespective of the
number of users using the system.

Operational Feasibility

Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned out into information
system. That will meet the organization’s operating requirements. Operational
feasibility aspects of the project are to be taken as an important part of the
project implementation. Some of the important issues raised are to test the
operational feasibility of a project includes the following: -
 Is there sufficient support for the management from the users?
 Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and
implemented?
 Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible
application benefits?

This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above-mentioned issues.

Beforehand, the management issues and user requirements have been taken into
consideration. So there is no question of resistance from the users that can
undermine the possible application benefits.

The well-planned design would ensure the optimal utilization of the computer
resources and would help in the improvement of performance status.

Economic Feasibility

A system can be developed technically and that will be used if installed must still
be a good investment for the organization. In the economical feasibility, the
development cost in creating the system is evaluated against the ultimate benefit
derived from the new systems. Financial benefits must equal or exceed the costs.

The system is economically feasible. It does not require any addition hardware or
software. Since the interface for this system is developed using the existing
resources and technologies. There is nominal expenditure and economical
feasibility for certain.
 SYSTEM DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process
and is applied regardless of the development paradigm and area of application.
Design is the first step in the development phase for any engineered product or
system. The designer’s goal is to produce a model or representation of an entity
that will later be built. Beginning, once system requirement have been specified
and analyzed, system design is the first of the three technical activities -design,
code and test that is required to build and verify software.
The importance can be stated with a single word “Quality”. Design is the place
where quality is fostered in software development. Design provides us with
representations of software that can assess for quality. Design is the only way that
we can accurately translate a customer’s view into a finished software product or
system. Software design serves as a foundation for all the software engineering
steps that follow. Without a strong design we risk building an unstable system –
one that will be difficult to test, one whose quality cannot be assessed until the
last stage.
During design, progressive refinement of data structure, program structure, and
procedural details are developed reviewed and documented. System design can

be viewed from either technical or project management perspective. From the

technical point of view, design is comprised of four activities – architectural
design, data structure design, interface design and procedural design.
Use Case Diagram Admin

Admin Login

Admin Dashboard

Manage Staff
(Add / update / Delete)

Manage Leave requests

(Approve / not approve)

Change Password

Admin Update Profile

Use Case Diagram Staff

User login

User Dashboard

Apply for Leave

Staff

View leave History

 FLOW CHART

User flow chart

SLMS

Staff Sign in

After Sign in

Request for leave

Submit
Admin flow chart

SLMS

Admin Sign in

After Sign
in

Add Staff

Leave Requests
(Approve and not approve)
E – R DIAGRAMS
 The relation upon the system is structure through a conceptual ER-Diagram,
which not only specifics the existential entities but also the standard relations
through which the system exists and the cardinalities that are necessary for
the system state to continue.

 The entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) depicts the relationship between the
data objects. The ERD is the notation that is used to conduct the date
modeling activity the attributes of each data object noted is the ERD can be
described resign a data object descriptions.

 The set of primary components that are identified by the ERD are

 Data object  Relationships

 Attributes  Various types of indicators.

The primary purpose of the ERD is to represent data objects and their
relationships.
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:

The DFD takes an input-process-output view of a system i.e. data objects flow into
the software, are transformed by processing elements, and resultant data objects
flow out of the software.

Data objects represented by labeled arrows and transformation are represented by

circles also called as bubbles. DFD is presented in a hierarchical fashion i.e., the
first data flow model represents the system as a whole. Subsequent DFD refine the
context diagram (level 0 DFD), providing increasing details with each subsequent
level.

The DFD enables the software engineer to develop models of the information
domain & functional domain at the same time. As the DFD is refined into greater
levels of details, the analyst performs an implicit functional decomposition of the
system. At the same time, the DFD refinement results in a corresponding
refinement of the data as it moves through the process that embody the
applications.

A context-level DFD for the system the primary external entities produce
information for use by the system and consume information generated by the
system. The labeled arrow represents data objects or object hierarchy.
 Database Design

The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing

the database is part of system design. Data elements and data structures to be

stored have been identified at analysis stage. They are structured and put

together to design the data storage and retrieval system.

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to

serve many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to make database

access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible for the user. Relationships are

established between the data items and unnecessary data items are removed.

Normalization is done to get an internal consistency of data and to have minimum

redundancy and maximum stability. This ensures minimizing data storage

required, minimizing chances of data inconsistencies and optimizing for updates.

The SQLite database has been chosen for developing the relevant databases.

Staff Leave Management System (SLMS) contains 3 SQLite tables :

 admin

 Staffs

 Staff leaves
Admin Table : This table stores admin login details

Structure of admin table

Name Type
password CharField(max_length=128)
last_login DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
is_superuser BooleanField()
username CharField(unique=True,
max_length=150)
first_name CharField(max_length=150)
last_name CharField(max_length=150)
email CharField(max_length=150)
is_staff BooleanField()
is_active BooleanField()
date_joined DateTimeField()
user_type CharField(max_length=50)
profile_pic CharField(max_length=100)
Staff Table : This table stores staff details.

Structure of Staff table

Name Type
password CharField(max_length=128)
last_login DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
is_superuser BooleanField()
username CharField(unique=True,
max_length=150)
first_name CharField(max_length=150)
last_name CharField(max_length=150)
email CharField(max_length=150)
is_staff BooleanField()
is_active BooleanField()
date_joined DateTimeField()
user_type CharField(max_length=50)
profile_pic CharField(max_length=100)
address TextField()
gender CharField(max_length=100)
created_at DateTimeField()
updated_at DateTimeField()
Staffs Leave Table : This table stores the details of staff leave.

Structure of StaffLeave table

Name Type
leave_type CharField(max_length=100)
from_date CharField(max_length=100)
to_date CharField(max_length=100)
message TextField()
status IntegerField()
created_at DateTimeField()
updated_at DateTimeField()
staff_id ForeignKey(SlmsappStaff,
models.DO_NOTHING)
 Output Screens
Home Page

Login Page

Admin Panel
Dashboard

Profile

Change Password
Add Staff

Manage Staff
Update Staff Details

View Staff Leave

Staff Panel
Login Page

Dashboard

Apply For Leave

Apply Leave History
 System Testing and Implementation

INTRODUCTION

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents

the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. In fact, testing is the one
step in the software engineering process that could be viewed as destructive
rather than constructive.

A strategy for software testing integrates software test case design methods into
a well-planned series of steps that result in the successful construction of
software. Testing is the set of activities that can be planned in advance and
conducted systematically. The underlying motivation of program testing is to
affirm software quality with methods that can economically and effectively apply
to both strategic to both large and small-scale systems.

STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SOFTWARE TESTING

The software engineering process can be viewed as a spiral. Initially system
engineering defines the role of software and leads to software requirement
analysis where the information domain, functions, behavior, performance,
constraints and validation criteria for software are established. Moving inward
along the spiral, we come to design and finally to coding. To develop computer

software we spiral in along streamlines that decrease the level of abstraction on

each turn.
A strategy for software testing may also be viewed in the context of the spiral.
Unit testing begins at the vertex of the spiral and concentrates on each unit of the
software as implemented in source code. Testing progress by moving outward
along the spiral to integration testing, where the focus is on the design and the
construction of the software architecture. Talking another turn on outward on the
spiral we encounter validation testing where requirements established as part of
software requirements analysis are validated against the software that has been
constructed. Finally we arrive at system testing, where the software and other
system elements are tested as a whole.

UNIT TESTING

MODULE TESTING

Component Testing SUB-SYSTEM TESING

SYSTEM TESTING
Integration Testing

ACCEPTANCE TESTING

User Testing

Unit Testing
Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design, the
module. The unit testing we have is white box oriented and some modules the
steps are conducted in parallel.

1. WHITE BOX TESTING

This type of testing ensures that
 All independent paths have been exercised at least once
 All logical decisions have been exercised on their true and false sides
 All loops are executed at their boundaries and within their operational bounds
 All internal data structures have been exercised to assure their validity.

To follow the concept of white box testing we have tested each form .we have
created independently to verify that Data flow is correct, All conditions are
exercised to check their validity, All loops are executed on their boundaries.

2. BASIC PATH TESTING

Established technique of flow graph with Cyclomatic complexity was used to
derive test cases for all the functions. The main steps in deriving test cases were:
Use the design of the code and draw correspondent flow graph.
Determine the Cyclomatic complexity of resultant flow graph, using formula:
V(G)=E-N+2 or
V(G)=P+1 or
V(G)=Number Of Regions
Where V(G) is Cyclomatic complexity,
E is the number of edges,

N is the number of flow graph nodes,

P is the number of predicate nodes.
Determine the basis of set of linearly independent paths.
3. CONDITIONAL TESTING
In this part of the testing each of the conditions were tested to both true and
false aspects. And all the resulting paths were tested. So that each path that may
be generate on particular condition is traced to uncover any possible errors.
4. DATA FLOW TESTING
This type of testing selects the path of the program according to the location of
definition and use of variables. This kind of testing was used only when some local
variable were declared. The definition-use chain method was used in this type of
testing. These were particularly useful in nested statements.
5. LOOP TESTING
In this type of testing all the loops are tested to all the limits possible. The
following exercise was adopted for all loops:
 All the loops were tested at their limits, just above them and just below them.
 All the loops were skipped at least once.
 For nested loops test the inner most loop first and then work outwards.
 For concatenated loops the values of dependent loops were set with the help
of connected loop.
 Unstructured loops were resolved into nested loops or concatenated loops
and tested as above.

Each unit has been separately tested by the development team itself and all the
input have been validated.

CONCLUSION
It has been a great pleasure for me to work on this exciting and challenging
project. This project proved good for me as it provided practical knowledge
of not only programming in Python and SQLITE web based application. It also
provides knowledge about the latest technology used in developing web
enabled application and client server technology that will be great demand
in future. This will provide better opportunities and guidance in future in
developing projects independently.

BENEFITS:

The project is identified by the merits of the system offered to the user. The
merits of this project are as follows: -

 It’s a web-enabled project.

 This project offers user to enter the data through simple and interactive
forms. This is very helpful for the client to enter the desired information
through so much simplicity.
 The user is mainly more concerned about the validity of the data,
whatever he is entering. There are checks on every stages of any new
creation, data entry or updating so that the user cannot enter the invalid
data, which can create problems at later date.
 Sometimes the user finds in the later stages of using project that he
needs to update some of the information that he entered earlier. There
are options for him by which he can update the records. Moreover there is
restriction for his that he cannot change the primary data field. This keeps
the validity of the data to longer extent.
 User is provided the option of monitoring the records he entered earlier.
He can see the desired records with the variety of options provided by
him.
 From every part of the project the user is provided with the links through
framing so that he can go from one option of the project to other as per

the requirement. This is bound to be simple and very friendly as per the user
is concerned. That is, we can say that the project is user friendly which is one
of the primary concerns of any good project.
 Data storage and retrieval will become faster and easier to maintain
because data is stored in a systematic manner and in a single database.
 Decision making process would be greatly enhanced because of faster
processing of information since data collection from information available
on computer takes much less time then manual system.
 Allocating of sample results becomes much faster because at a time the
user can see the records of last years.
 Easier and faster data transfer through latest technology associated with
the computer and communication.
 Through these features it will increase the efficiency, accuracy and
transparency,

LIMITATIONS:

 The size of the database increases day-by-day, increasing the load on the
database back up and data maintenance activity.
 Training for simple computer operations is necessary for the users
working on the system.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Django homepage. http://www.djangoproject.com/.
[2] Python documentation. http://www.python.org/doc.
[3] Django(web framework). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django.
[4] Django documentation. http://docs.djangoproject.com.
[5] Python(programming language). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python.

[6]Books: Web Development with Django by Ben Shaw, Saurabh,

Django 4 By Example by Antonio Mele