COMPUTER TERMINOLOGIES

1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The CPU, often called the "brain" of the computer, is responsible for executing instructions
from programs. It performs basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations
specified by the instructions.

2. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

The GPU is specialized hardware designed to accelerate graphics rendering. It is commonly
used for rendering images, videos, and animations, and is essential for gaming and
applications like video editing.

3. Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules for transmitting data over a network. It defines how data packets
are formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.
Examples: HTTP for web browsing, FTP for file transfer, TCP/IP for internet communication.
4. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)
HDD and SSD are storage devices that store all the data, including the operating system,
applications, and files.
HDD: Uses spinning disks coated with magnetic material to store data. It has a read/write arm
that accesses data by moving to the correct disk sector.
SSD: Uses flash memory to store data, which makes it much faster than HDDs since there are
no moving parts.

5. MULTITASKING, MULTIPROGRAMMING, MULTIPROCESSING

6. Registry
The Windows Registry is a database in Windows that stores configuration settings and options
for the operating system and installed software.
7. Operating system
An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software
resources, and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary
between the user and the hardware, making it easier to run applications and use the
computer's resources efficiently.

8. Kernel
The kernel is the core component of an operating system. It manages system resources, like
CPU, memory, and devices, and provides essential services for all other parts of the OS.
Tasks: Process scheduling, memory management, and I/O operations.

9. Access time

The performance of a hard drive or other storage device - how long it takes to locate a file.

10. ASCII (pronounced ask-key )

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. a commonly used data format for
exchanging information between computers or programs.

11. Clipboard

A portion of memory which temporarily stores information. Called a Copy Buffer in many PC
applications because it is used to hold information which is to be moved, as in word processing
where text is "cut" and then "pasted".
12. Crash

A system malfunction in which the computer stops working and has to be restarted.

13. Cursor

The pointer, usually arrow or cross shaped, which is controlled by the mouse.

14. Wares in Computing

15. IP number

Internet protocol; a computer's unique address or number on the Internet.

16. Bandwidth

Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can travel a communications path in a
given time, usually measured in seconds.

17. Bit

A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of measurement in computing. 8 bits make up
1 byte.

18. CAD

Computer-aided design (CAD) is a type of software that allows users to create 2D and 3D
design and modelling. CAD is used by architects, engineers, artists and other professionals to
create precise technical drawings.

19. Chip

A chip is a microprocessor that performs many functions and calculations that make your
computer run. Your computer's chip is also referred to as the CPU (Central Processing Unit) or
the processor.

20. Cloud computing

Cloud computing refers to the storing and accessing of data and programs over the Internet
instead of on another type of hard drive. Examples of Cloud services include iCloud, Google
Cloud and Dropbox.

21. Gateway

A point within a network that interconnects with other networks.

22. Bug

A software bug is an error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system produces an
incorrect or unexpected result.

23. Bus

A pathway along which electronic signals travel between the components of a computer
system.

24. Fax

It stands for ‘Facsimile machine’. It is used to transmit a copy of a document electronically.

25. MIPS

An acronym derived from Million of Instruction Per Second (MIPS) It is used to measure the
speed of a processor.

26. Morphing

The transformation of one image into another image.

27. Patch

A patch is a piece of software designed to update a computer program or its supporting data,
to fix or improve it.

28. Piracy

Unauthorized copying of some purchased software.

29. Response time

The time a computer takes to execute a command.

30. Telnet

A protocol that allows a computer to connect with a host computer on the Internet.

IMPORTANT MCQS

1. What is the term for the time it takes for a storage device to locate a file?

A. Boot Time
B. Access Time
C. Response Time
D. Data Retrieval Time

2. What is the name of the application or window that is in the foreground on the monitor?

A. Inactive window
B. Background window
C. Active program
D. Task manager

3. What is an application?

A. A program that controls the hardware

B. A file that the user creates
C. A program in which you do your work
D. A copy of a backup
4. ASCII stands for:

A. American System Code for Internet Interaction

B. Advanced Software Communication Information Interface
C. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
D. ASCII Standard Code Interchange

5. What does "background" refer to in computing?

A. A screen color
B. The desktop wallpaper
C. A program that runs behind the main application
D. A type of storage

6. What is a "bit" in computer language?

A. A storage device
B. A group of eight bytes
C. The smallest piece of information, either 0 or 1
D. A unit of processing power

7. Which term is used to describe starting up a computer?

A. Boot
B. Log in
C. Refresh
D. Load

8. What is the meaning of "bug" in computer terminology?

A. A virus that infects a computer

B. A programming error causing unexpected behavior
C. A type of software update
D. A part of hardware that overheats
9. A "bus" in computing is:

A. A vehicle for data transport

B. An electronic pathway for data transmission
C. A type of computer network
D. A special memory chip

10. What does "CPU" stand for?

A. Central Processing Unit

B. Computer Power Unit
C. Central Power Unit
D. Computer Processing Utility

11. A program that causes a computer system to stop working and requires a restart is called
a:

A. Glitch
B. Crash
C. Freeze
D. Bug

12. The small flashing marker that indicates where your next typing will begin in word
processing is called:

A. Cursor
B. Highlight
C. Caret
D. Insertion point

13. What does the acronym "DOS" stand for?

A. Data Operating System

B. Disk Operating System
C. Digital Output System
D. Desktop Operating Suite
14. "Ethernet" refers to:

A. A type of wireless connection

B. A protocol for fast communication in a network
C. A type of hard disk
D. An expansion slot for peripherals

15. A program that reduces the size of a saved file by eliminating redundancies is called:

A. Compressor
B. Compiler
C. De-fragmenter
D. Optimizer

16. What does RAM stand for?

A. Random-Access Memory
B. Read-Always Memory
C. Rapid Access Module
D. Read and Modify

17. What is a "clipboard" used for in computing?

A. To display error messages

B. To store information temporarily during cut or copy operations
C. To hold backup files
D. To increase system memory
18. Which term is used to refer to a port that allows data to be transmitted in a series, one
after another?

A. Serial port
B. USB port
C. Ethernet port
D. Parallel port

19. What is a "server" in a computer network?

A. A device that displays data

B. A central computer that sends and receives data from other computers
C. A piece of software used to format a disk
D. A type of RAM

20. A "gigabyte" is equal to:

A. 1024 bytes
B. 1024 kilobytes
C. 1024 megabytes
D. 1024 bits